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[C++](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/C%2B%2B) (pronounced cee plus plus) is a general purpose programming language developed by [Bjarne Stroustrup](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Bjarne_Stroustrup) starting in 1979 at Bell Labs. It is immensely popular, particularly for applications that require speed and/or access to some low-level features. It is considered to be an intermediate level language, as it encapsulates both high and low level language features. C++ supports [procedural](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Procedural_programming), [object-oriented](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Object-oriented_programming), [functional](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Functional_programming) and [generic](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Generic_programming) programming. Compilers for C++ are available for essentially every platform, including Windows, Mac OS, and Linux. Key Benefits: - **Type safety:** Encapsulate necessary unsafe operations - **Resource safety:** Not all resource management is managing memory - **Performance:** For some parts of almost all systems, it's important - **Predictability:** For hard and soft real-time systems - **Teachability:** Complexity of code should be proportional to the complexity of the task - **Readability:** People and machines ("analyzability") - **Direct map to hardware:** of instructions and fundamental data types - **Zero-overhead abstraction:** Classes with constructors and destructors, inheritance, generic programming, functional programming techniques The standard for C++ is maintained by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO), and the current version of C++ as of June 2018 is C++17 (named not as the 17th version of C++, but rather signifying that the standard was ratified in 2017). The best thing about C++ is that it runs on everything from embedded processors with very limited resources to the largest mainframe supercomputer and every personal computer in between.
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