/** * Clusters of Node.js processes can be used to run multiple instances of Node.js * that can distribute workloads among their application threads. When process isolation * is not needed, use the [`worker_threads`](https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v22.x/api/worker_threads.html) * module instead, which allows running multiple application threads within a single Node.js instance. * * The cluster module allows easy creation of child processes that all share * server ports. * * ```js * import cluster from 'node:cluster'; * import http from 'node:http'; * import { availableParallelism } from 'node:os'; * import process from 'node:process'; * * const numCPUs = availableParallelism(); * * if (cluster.isPrimary) { * console.log(`Primary ${process.pid} is running`); * * // Fork workers. * for (let i = 0; i < numCPUs; i++) { * cluster.fork(); * } * * cluster.on('exit', (worker, code, signal) => { * console.log(`worker ${worker.process.pid} died`); * }); * } else { * // Workers can share any TCP connection * // In this case it is an HTTP server * http.createServer((req, res) => { * res.writeHead(200); * res.end('hello world\n'); * }).listen(8000); * * console.log(`Worker ${process.pid} started`); * } * ``` * * Running Node.js will now share port 8000 between the workers: * * ```console * $ node server.js * Primary 3596 is running * Worker 4324 started * Worker 4520 started * Worker 6056 started * Worker 5644 started * ``` * * On Windows, it is not yet possible to set up a named pipe server in a worker. * @see [source](https://github.com/nodejs/node/blob/v22.x/lib/cluster.js) */ declare module "cluster" { import * as child from "node:child_process"; import EventEmitter = require("node:events"); import * as net from "node:net"; type SerializationType = "json" | "advanced"; export interface ClusterSettings { /** * List of string arguments passed to the Node.js executable. * @default process.execArgv */ execArgv?: string[] | undefined; /** * File path to worker file. * @default process.argv[1] */ exec?: string | undefined; /** * String arguments passed to worker. * @default process.argv.slice(2) */ args?: string[] | undefined; /** * Whether or not to send output to parent's stdio. * @default false */ silent?: boolean | undefined; /** * Configures the stdio of forked processes. Because the cluster module relies on IPC to function, this configuration must * contain an `'ipc'` entry. When this option is provided, it overrides `silent`. See [`child_prcess.spawn()`](https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v22.x/api/child_process.html#child_processspawncommand-args-options)'s * [`stdio`](https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v22.x/api/child_process.html#optionsstdio). */ stdio?: any[] | undefined; /** * Sets the user identity of the process. (See [`setuid(2)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/setuid.2.html).) */ uid?: number | undefined; /** * Sets the group identity of the process. (See [`setgid(2)`](https://man7.org/linux/man-pages/man2/setgid.2.html).) */ gid?: number | undefined; /** * Sets inspector port of worker. This can be a number, or a function that takes no arguments and returns a number. * By default each worker gets its own port, incremented from the primary's `process.debugPort`. */ inspectPort?: number | (() => number) | undefined; /** * Specify the kind of serialization used for sending messages between processes. Possible values are `'json'` and `'advanced'`. * See [Advanced serialization for `child_process`](https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v22.x/api/child_process.html#advanced-serialization) for more details. * @default false */ serialization?: SerializationType | undefined; /** * Current working directory of the worker process. * @default undefined (inherits from parent process) */ cwd?: string | undefined; /** * Hide the forked processes console window that would normally be created on Windows systems. * @default false */ windowsHide?: boolean | undefined; } export interface Address { address: string; port: number; /** * The `addressType` is one of: * * * `4` (TCPv4) * * `6` (TCPv6) * * `-1` (Unix domain socket) * * `'udp4'` or `'udp6'` (UDPv4 or UDPv6) */ addressType: 4 | 6 | -1 | "udp4" | "udp6"; } /** * A `Worker` object contains all public information and method about a worker. * In the primary it can be obtained using `cluster.workers`. In a worker * it can be obtained using `cluster.worker`. * @since v0.7.0 */ export class Worker extends EventEmitter { /** * Each new worker is given its own unique id, this id is stored in the `id`. * * While a worker is alive, this is the key that indexes it in `cluster.workers`. * @since v0.8.0 */ id: number; /** * All workers are created using [`child_process.fork()`](https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v22.x/api/child_process.html#child_processforkmodulepath-args-options), the returned object * from this function is stored as `.process`. In a worker, the global `process` is stored. * * See: [Child Process module](https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v22.x/api/child_process.html#child_processforkmodulepath-args-options). * * Workers will call `process.exit(0)` if the `'disconnect'` event occurs * on `process` and `.exitedAfterDisconnect` is not `true`. This protects against * accidental disconnection. * @since v0.7.0 */ process: child.ChildProcess; /** * Send a message to a worker or primary, optionally with a handle. * * In the primary, this sends a message to a specific worker. It is identical to [`ChildProcess.send()`](https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v22.x/api/child_process.html#subprocesssendmessage-sendhandle-options-callback). * * In a worker, this sends a message to the primary. It is identical to `process.send()`. * * This example will echo back all messages from the primary: * * ```js * if (cluster.isPrimary) { * const worker = cluster.fork(); * worker.send('hi there'); * * } else if (cluster.isWorker) { * process.on('message', (msg) => { * process.send(msg); * }); * } * ``` * @since v0.7.0 * @param options The `options` argument, if present, is an object used to parameterize the sending of certain types of handles. */ send(message: child.Serializable, callback?: (error: Error | null) => void): boolean; send( message: child.Serializable, sendHandle: child.SendHandle, callback?: (error: Error | null) => void, ): boolean; send( message: child.Serializable, sendHandle: child.SendHandle, options?: child.MessageOptions, callback?: (error: Error | null) => void, ): boolean; /** * This function will kill the worker. In the primary worker, it does this by * disconnecting the `worker.process`, and once disconnected, killing with `signal`. In the worker, it does it by killing the process with `signal`. * * The `kill()` function kills the worker process without waiting for a graceful * disconnect, it has the same behavior as `worker.process.kill()`. * * This method is aliased as `worker.destroy()` for backwards compatibility. * * In a worker, `process.kill()` exists, but it is not this function; * it is [`kill()`](https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v22.x/api/process.html#processkillpid-signal). * @since v0.9.12 * @param [signal='SIGTERM'] Name of the kill signal to send to the worker process. */ kill(signal?: string): void; destroy(signal?: string): void; /** * In a worker, this function will close all servers, wait for the `'close'` event * on those servers, and then disconnect the IPC channel. * * In the primary, an internal message is sent to the worker causing it to call `.disconnect()` on itself. * * Causes `.exitedAfterDisconnect` to be set. * * After a server is closed, it will no longer accept new connections, * but connections may be accepted by any other listening worker. Existing * connections will be allowed to close as usual. When no more connections exist, * see `server.close()`, the IPC channel to the worker will close allowing it * to die gracefully. * * The above applies _only_ to server connections, client connections are not * automatically closed by workers, and disconnect does not wait for them to close * before exiting. * * In a worker, `process.disconnect` exists, but it is not this function; * it is `disconnect()`. * * Because long living server connections may block workers from disconnecting, it * may be useful to send a message, so application specific actions may be taken to * close them. It also may be useful to implement a timeout, killing a worker if * the `'disconnect'` event has not been emitted after some time. * * ```js * if (cluster.isPrimary) { * const worker = cluster.fork(); * let timeout; * * worker.on('listening', (address) => { * worker.send('shutdown'); * worker.disconnect(); * timeout = setTimeout(() => { * worker.kill(); * }, 2000); * }); * * worker.on('disconnect', () => { * clearTimeout(timeout); * }); * * } else if (cluster.isWorker) { * const net = require('node:net'); * const server = net.createServer((socket) => { * // Connections never end * }); * * server.listen(8000); * * process.on('message', (msg) => { * if (msg === 'shutdown') { * // Initiate graceful close of any connections to server * } * }); * } * ``` * @since v0.7.7 * @return A reference to `worker`. */ disconnect(): void; /** * This function returns `true` if the worker is connected to its primary via its * IPC channel, `false` otherwise. A worker is connected to its primary after it * has been created. It is disconnected after the `'disconnect'` event is emitted. * @since v0.11.14 */ isConnected(): boolean; /** * This function returns `true` if the worker's process has terminated (either * because of exiting or being signaled). Otherwise, it returns `false`. * * ```js * import cluster from 'node:cluster'; * import http from 'node:http'; * import { availableParallelism } from 'node:os'; * import process from 'node:process'; * * const numCPUs = availableParallelism(); * * if (cluster.isPrimary) { * console.log(`Primary ${process.pid} is running`); * * // Fork workers. * for (let i = 0; i < numCPUs; i++) { * cluster.fork(); * } * * cluster.on('fork', (worker) => { * console.log('worker is dead:', worker.isDead()); * }); * * cluster.on('exit', (worker, code, signal) => { * console.log('worker is dead:', worker.isDead()); * }); * } else { * // Workers can share any TCP connection. In this case, it is an HTTP server. * http.createServer((req, res) => { * res.writeHead(200); * res.end(`Current process\n ${process.pid}`); * process.kill(process.pid); * }).listen(8000); * } * ``` * @since v0.11.14 */ isDead(): boolean; /** * This property is `true` if the worker exited due to `.disconnect()`. * If the worker exited any other way, it is `false`. If the * worker has not exited, it is `undefined`. * * The boolean `worker.exitedAfterDisconnect` allows distinguishing between * voluntary and accidental exit, the primary may choose not to respawn a worker * based on this value. * * ```js * cluster.on('exit', (worker, code, signal) => { * if (worker.exitedAfterDisconnect === true) { * console.log('Oh, it was just voluntary – no need to worry'); * } * }); * * // kill worker * worker.kill(); * ``` * @since v6.0.0 */ exitedAfterDisconnect: boolean; /** * events.EventEmitter * 1. disconnect * 2. error * 3. exit * 4. listening * 5. message * 6. online */ addListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this; addListener(event: "disconnect", listener: () => void): this; addListener(event: "error", listener: (error: Error) => void): this; addListener(event: "exit", listener: (code: number, signal: string) => void): this; addListener(event: "listening", listener: (address: Address) => void): this; addListener(event: "message", listener: (message: any, handle: net.Socket | net.Server) => void): this; // the handle is a net.Socket or net.Server object, or undefined. addListener(event: "online", listener: () => void): this; emit(event: string | symbol, ...args: any[]): boolean; emit(event: "disconnect"): boolean; emit(event: "error", error: Error): boolean; emit(event: "exit", code: number, signal: string): boolean; emit(event: "listening", address: Address): boolean; emit(event: "message", message: any, handle: net.Socket | net.Server): boolean; emit(event: "online"): boolean; on(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this; on(event: "disconnect", listener: () => void): this; on(event: "error", listener: (error: Error) => void): this; on(event: "exit", listener: (code: number, signal: string) => void): this; on(event: "listening", listener: (address: Address) => void): this; on(event: "message", listener: (message: any, handle: net.Socket | net.Server) => void): this; // the handle is a net.Socket or net.Server object, or undefined. on(event: "online", listener: () => void): this; once(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this; once(event: "disconnect", listener: () => void): this; once(event: "error", listener: (error: Error) => void): this; once(event: "exit", listener: (code: number, signal: string) => void): this; once(event: "listening", listener: (address: Address) => void): this; once(event: "message", listener: (message: any, handle: net.Socket | net.Server) => void): this; // the handle is a net.Socket or net.Server object, or undefined. once(event: "online", listener: () => void): this; prependListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this; prependListener(event: "disconnect", listener: () => void): this; prependListener(event: "error", listener: (error: Error) => void): this; prependListener(event: "exit", listener: (code: number, signal: string) => void): this; prependListener(event: "listening", listener: (address: Address) => void): this; prependListener(event: "message", listener: (message: any, handle: net.Socket | net.Server) => void): this; // the handle is a net.Socket or net.Server object, or undefined. prependListener(event: "online", listener: () => void): this; prependOnceListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this; prependOnceListener(event: "disconnect", listener: () => void): this; prependOnceListener(event: "error", listener: (error: Error) => void): this; prependOnceListener(event: "exit", listener: (code: number, signal: string) => void): this; prependOnceListener(event: "listening", listener: (address: Address) => void): this; prependOnceListener(event: "message", listener: (message: any, handle: net.Socket | net.Server) => void): this; // the handle is a net.Socket or net.Server object, or undefined. prependOnceListener(event: "online", listener: () => void): this; } export interface Cluster extends EventEmitter { disconnect(callback?: () => void): void; /** * Spawn a new worker process. * * This can only be called from the primary process. * @param env Key/value pairs to add to worker process environment. * @since v0.6.0 */ fork(env?: any): Worker; /** @deprecated since v16.0.0 - use isPrimary. */ readonly isMaster: boolean; /** * True if the process is a primary. This is determined by the `process.env.NODE_UNIQUE_ID`. If `process.env.NODE_UNIQUE_ID` * is undefined, then `isPrimary` is `true`. * @since v16.0.0 */ readonly isPrimary: boolean; /** * True if the process is not a primary (it is the negation of `cluster.isPrimary`). * @since v0.6.0 */ readonly isWorker: boolean; /** * The scheduling policy, either `cluster.SCHED_RR` for round-robin or `cluster.SCHED_NONE` to leave it to the operating system. This is a * global setting and effectively frozen once either the first worker is spawned, or [`.setupPrimary()`](https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v22.x/api/cluster.html#clustersetupprimarysettings) * is called, whichever comes first. * * `SCHED_RR` is the default on all operating systems except Windows. Windows will change to `SCHED_RR` once libuv is able to effectively distribute * IOCP handles without incurring a large performance hit. * * `cluster.schedulingPolicy` can also be set through the `NODE_CLUSTER_SCHED_POLICY` environment variable. Valid values are `'rr'` and `'none'`. * @since v0.11.2 */ schedulingPolicy: number; /** * After calling [`.setupPrimary()`](https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v22.x/api/cluster.html#clustersetupprimarysettings) * (or [`.fork()`](https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v22.x/api/cluster.html#clusterforkenv)) this settings object will contain * the settings, including the default values. * * This object is not intended to be changed or set manually. * @since v0.7.1 */ readonly settings: ClusterSettings; /** @deprecated since v16.0.0 - use [`.setupPrimary()`](https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v22.x/api/cluster.html#clustersetupprimarysettings) instead. */ setupMaster(settings?: ClusterSettings): void; /** * `setupPrimary` is used to change the default 'fork' behavior. Once called, the settings will be present in `cluster.settings`. * * Any settings changes only affect future calls to [`.fork()`](https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v22.x/api/cluster.html#clusterforkenv) * and have no effect on workers that are already running. * * The only attribute of a worker that cannot be set via `.setupPrimary()` is the `env` passed to * [`.fork()`](https://nodejs.org/docs/latest-v22.x/api/cluster.html#clusterforkenv). * * The defaults above apply to the first call only; the defaults for later calls are the current values at the time of * `cluster.setupPrimary()` is called. * * ```js * import cluster from 'node:cluster'; * * cluster.setupPrimary({ * exec: 'worker.js', * args: ['--use', 'https'], * silent: true, * }); * cluster.fork(); // https worker * cluster.setupPrimary({ * exec: 'worker.js', * args: ['--use', 'http'], * }); * cluster.fork(); // http worker * ``` * * This can only be called from the primary process. * @since v16.0.0 */ setupPrimary(settings?: ClusterSettings): void; /** * A reference to the current worker object. Not available in the primary process. * * ```js * import cluster from 'node:cluster'; * * if (cluster.isPrimary) { * console.log('I am primary'); * cluster.fork(); * cluster.fork(); * } else if (cluster.isWorker) { * console.log(`I am worker #${cluster.worker.id}`); * } * ``` * @since v0.7.0 */ readonly worker?: Worker | undefined; /** * A hash that stores the active worker objects, keyed by `id` field. This makes it easy to loop through all the workers. It is only available in the primary process. * * A worker is removed from `cluster.workers` after the worker has disconnected _and_ exited. The order between these two events cannot be determined in advance. However, it * is guaranteed that the removal from the `cluster.workers` list happens before the last `'disconnect'` or `'exit'` event is emitted. * * ```js * import cluster from 'node:cluster'; * * for (const worker of Object.values(cluster.workers)) { * worker.send('big announcement to all workers'); * } * ``` * @since v0.7.0 */ readonly workers?: NodeJS.Dict | undefined; readonly SCHED_NONE: number; readonly SCHED_RR: number; /** * events.EventEmitter * 1. disconnect * 2. exit * 3. fork * 4. listening * 5. message * 6. online * 7. setup */ addListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this; addListener(event: "disconnect", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): this; addListener(event: "exit", listener: (worker: Worker, code: number, signal: string) => void): this; addListener(event: "fork", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): this; addListener(event: "listening", listener: (worker: Worker, address: Address) => void): this; addListener( event: "message", listener: (worker: Worker, message: any, handle: net.Socket | net.Server) => void, ): this; // the handle is a net.Socket or net.Server object, or undefined. addListener(event: "online", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): this; addListener(event: "setup", listener: (settings: ClusterSettings) => void): this; emit(event: string | symbol, ...args: any[]): boolean; emit(event: "disconnect", worker: Worker): boolean; emit(event: "exit", worker: Worker, code: number, signal: string): boolean; emit(event: "fork", worker: Worker): boolean; emit(event: "listening", worker: Worker, address: Address): boolean; emit(event: "message", worker: Worker, message: any, handle: net.Socket | net.Server): boolean; emit(event: "online", worker: Worker): boolean; emit(event: "setup", settings: ClusterSettings): boolean; on(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this; on(event: "disconnect", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): this; on(event: "exit", listener: (worker: Worker, code: number, signal: string) => void): this; on(event: "fork", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): this; on(event: "listening", listener: (worker: Worker, address: Address) => void): this; on(event: "message", listener: (worker: Worker, message: any, handle: net.Socket | net.Server) => void): this; // the handle is a net.Socket or net.Server object, or undefined. on(event: "online", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): this; on(event: "setup", listener: (settings: ClusterSettings) => void): this; once(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this; once(event: "disconnect", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): this; once(event: "exit", listener: (worker: Worker, code: number, signal: string) => void): this; once(event: "fork", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): this; once(event: "listening", listener: (worker: Worker, address: Address) => void): this; once(event: "message", listener: (worker: Worker, message: any, handle: net.Socket | net.Server) => void): this; // the handle is a net.Socket or net.Server object, or undefined. once(event: "online", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): this; once(event: "setup", listener: (settings: ClusterSettings) => void): this; prependListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this; prependListener(event: "disconnect", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): this; prependListener(event: "exit", listener: (worker: Worker, code: number, signal: string) => void): this; prependListener(event: "fork", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): this; prependListener(event: "listening", listener: (worker: Worker, address: Address) => void): this; // the handle is a net.Socket or net.Server object, or undefined. prependListener( event: "message", listener: (worker: Worker, message: any, handle?: net.Socket | net.Server) => void, ): this; prependListener(event: "online", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): this; prependListener(event: "setup", listener: (settings: ClusterSettings) => void): this; prependOnceListener(event: string, listener: (...args: any[]) => void): this; prependOnceListener(event: "disconnect", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): this; prependOnceListener(event: "exit", listener: (worker: Worker, code: number, signal: string) => void): this; prependOnceListener(event: "fork", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): this; prependOnceListener(event: "listening", listener: (worker: Worker, address: Address) => void): this; // the handle is a net.Socket or net.Server object, or undefined. prependOnceListener( event: "message", listener: (worker: Worker, message: any, handle: net.Socket | net.Server) => void, ): this; prependOnceListener(event: "online", listener: (worker: Worker) => void): this; prependOnceListener(event: "setup", listener: (settings: ClusterSettings) => void): this; } const cluster: Cluster; export default cluster; } declare module "node:cluster" { export * from "cluster"; export { default as default } from "cluster"; }