#include <Gosu/Bitmap.hpp>
#include <Gosu/GraphicsBase.hpp>
#include <algorithm> // for std::equal, std::fill_n
#include <cstring> // for std::memcpy
#include <limits>
#include <stdexcept> // for std::invalid_argument
#include <utility> // for std::move, std::swap

Gosu::Bitmap::Bitmap(int width, int height, Color c)
    : m_width(width),
      m_height(height)
{
    if (width < 0 || height < 0) {
        throw std::invalid_argument("Negative Gosu::Bitmap size");
    }

    // Don't allow bitmaps where there are more than INT_MAX pixels.
    if (height != 0 && width > std::numeric_limits<int>::max() / height) {
        throw std::invalid_argument("Gosu::Bitmap size out of bounds");
    }

    const int size = width * height;
    m_pixels = Buffer(size * sizeof(Color));
    std::fill_n(data(), size, c);
}

Gosu::Bitmap::Bitmap(int width, int height, Gosu::Buffer&& buffer)
    : m_width(width),
      m_height(height),
      m_pixels(std::move(buffer))
{
    int pixels = width * height;
    if (static_cast<std::size_t>(pixels) * sizeof(Color) != m_pixels.size()) {
        throw std::length_error("Gosu::Bitmap given Gosu::Buffer of wrong size, expected "
                                + std::to_string(pixels * sizeof(Color)) + ", given "
                                + std::to_string(m_pixels.size()));
    }
}

void Gosu::Bitmap::resize(int width, int height, Color c)
{
    if (width != m_width || height != m_height) {
        Bitmap temp(width, height, c);
        temp.insert(*this, 0, 0);
        std::swap(*this, temp);
    }
}

void Gosu::Bitmap::blend_pixel(int x, int y, Color c)
{
    if (c.alpha == 0) {
        return;
    }

    Color& out = pixel(x, y);
    if (out.alpha == 0 || c.alpha == 255) {
        out = c;
        return;
    }

    int inv_alpha = out.alpha * (255 - c.alpha) / 255;

    out.alpha = (c.alpha + inv_alpha);
    out.red = ((c.red * c.alpha + out.red * inv_alpha) / out.alpha);
    out.green = ((c.green * c.alpha + out.green * inv_alpha) / out.alpha);
    out.blue = ((c.blue * c.alpha + out.blue * inv_alpha) / out.alpha);
}

void Gosu::Bitmap::insert(const Bitmap& source, int x, int y)
{
    insert(source, x, y, Rect::covering(source));
}

void Gosu::Bitmap::insert(const Bitmap& source, int x, int y, Rect source_rect)
{
    if (&source == this) {
        throw std::invalid_argument("Gosu::Bitmap::insert cannot copy parts of itself");
    }

    // Make sure that the source area does not exceed the source image.
    // If we need to move the source_rect origin, then also move the target rectangle origin.
    source_rect.clip_to(Rect::covering(source), &x, &y);

    // Set up the target area and make sure that it does not exceed this image.
    Rect target_rect { .x = x, .y = y, .width = source_rect.width, .height = source_rect.height };
    // If we need to move the target_rect origin, then also move the source_rect origin.
    target_rect.clip_to(Rect::covering(*this), &source_rect.x, &source_rect.y);

    // These are the first source and first destination pixels/rows.
    Color* target_ptr = &pixel(target_rect.x, target_rect.y);
    const Color* source_ptr = &source.pixel(source_rect.x, source_rect.y);

    // target_rect might be smaller than source_rect now, so use its width/height for copying.

    if (width() == source.width() && width() == target_rect.width) {
        // If both images have the same width, and we want to copy full lines, then we can use a
        // single memcpy for the whole operation. This is especially likely if we vertically resize
        // a bitmap.
        const int size = target_rect.width * target_rect.height;
        std::memcpy(target_ptr, source_ptr, static_cast<std::size_t>(size) * sizeof(Color));
    }
    else {
        // Otherwise, we need to copy line by line.
        for (int row = 0; row < target_rect.height; ++row) {
            std::memcpy(target_ptr, source_ptr, target_rect.width * sizeof(Color));
            target_ptr += width();
            source_ptr += source.width();
        }
    }
}

bool Gosu::Bitmap::operator==(const Gosu::Bitmap& other) const
{
    int pixels = width() * height();
    return pixels == other.width() * other.height()
        && std::equal(data(), data() + pixels, other.data());
}

void Gosu::Bitmap::apply_color_key(Color key)
{
    // The valid memory range from which the loop below can read.
    const int pixels = width() * height();
    Color* begin = data();
    Color* end = begin + pixels;

    for (Color* c = begin; c != end;) {
        for (int x = 0; x < width(); ++x, ++c) {
            // All colors except the color key should stay as they are.
            if (*c != key) {
                continue;
            }

            unsigned neighbors = 0, red = 0, green = 0, blue = 0;

            const auto visit = [&](const Color* neighbor) {
                if (neighbor >= begin && neighbor < end && *neighbor != key && neighbor->alpha) {
                    // Ignore other pixels that are or were equal to the color key.
                    neighbors += 1;
                    red += neighbor->red;
                    green += neighbor->green;
                    blue += neighbor->blue;
                }
            };
            // Don't look at (x-1) pixels in the first column because we might accidentally use
            // the pixels of the last column through wraparound.
            if (x != 0) {
                visit(c - width() - 1);
                visit(c - 1);
                visit(c + width() - 1);
            }
            visit(c - width());
            visit(c + width());
            // Don't look at (x+1) pixels in the last column because we might accidentally use
            // the pixels of the first column through wraparound.
            if (x != width() - 1) {
                visit(c - width() + 1);
                visit(c + 1);
                visit(c + width() + 1);
            }

            *c = Color::NONE;
            if (neighbors > 0) {
                c->red = red / neighbors;
                c->green = green / neighbors;
                c->blue = blue / neighbors;
            }
        }
    }
}

Gosu::Bitmap Gosu::apply_border_flags(unsigned image_flags, const Bitmap& source, Rect source_rect)
{
    // Add one extra pixel around all four sides of the image.
    Gosu::Bitmap result(source_rect.width + 2, source_rect.height + 2);
    result.insert(source, 1, 1, source_rect);

    // Now duplicate the edges of the image on all four sides.
    const Rect top { source_rect.x, source_rect.y, source_rect.width, 1 };
    result.insert(source, 1, 0, top);
    const Rect bottom { source_rect.x, source_rect.bottom() - 1, source_rect.width, 1 };
    result.insert(source, 1, result.height() - 1, bottom);
    const Rect left { source_rect.x, source_rect.y, 1, source_rect.height };
    result.insert(source, 0, 1, left);
    const Rect right { source_rect.right() - 1, source_rect.y, 1, source_rect.height };
    result.insert(source, result.width() - 1, 1, right);
    // Also duplicate the corners of each size.
    const Rect top_left { source_rect.x, source_rect.y, 1, 1 };
    result.insert(source, 0, 0, top_left);
    const Rect top_right { source_rect.right() - 1, source_rect.y, 1, 1 };
    result.insert(source, result.width() - 1, 0, top_right);
    const Rect bottom_left { source_rect.x, source_rect.bottom() - 1, 1, 1 };
    result.insert(source, 0, result.height() - 1, bottom_left);
    const Rect bottom_right { source_rect.right() - 1, source_rect.bottom() - 1, 1, 1 };
    result.insert(source, result.width() - 1, result.height() - 1, bottom_right);

    // On edges which are supposed to have tileable borders, we are now finished.
    // Where soft borders are desired, we need to make all pixels on a side fully transparent.
    if ((image_flags & IF_TILEABLE_TOP) == 0) {
        for (int x = 0; x < result.width(); ++x) {
            result.pixel(x, 0).alpha = 0;
        }
    }
    if ((image_flags & IF_TILEABLE_BOTTOM) == 0) {
        const int y = result.height() - 1;
        for (int x = 0; x < result.width(); ++x) {
            result.pixel(x, y).alpha = 0;
        }
    }
    if ((image_flags & IF_TILEABLE_LEFT) == 0) {
        for (int y = 0; y < result.height(); ++y) {
            result.pixel(0, y).alpha = 0;
        }
    }
    if ((image_flags & IF_TILEABLE_RIGHT) == 0) {
        const int x = result.width() - 1;
        for (int y = 0; y < result.height(); ++y) {
            result.pixel(x, y).alpha = 0;
        }
    }

    return result;
}