require "ftw/namespace"
require "openssl"
require "base64" # stdlib 
require "digest/sha1" # stdlib
require "cabin"
require "ftw/websocket/parser"
require "ftw/websocket/writer"
require "ftw/crlf"

# WebSockets, RFC6455.
#
# TODO(sissel): Find a comfortable way to make this websocket stuff 
# both use HTTP::Connection for the HTTP handshake and also be usable
# from HTTP::Client
# TODO(sissel): Also consider SPDY and the kittens.
class FTW::WebSocket
  include FTW::CRLF
  include Cabin::Inspectable

  # The frame identifier for a 'text' frame
  TEXTFRAME = 0x0001

  # Search RFC6455 for this string and you will find its definitions.
  # It is used in servers accepting websocket upgrades.
  WEBSOCKET_ACCEPT_UUID = "258EAFA5-E914-47DA-95CA-C5AB0DC85B11"

  # Protocol phases
  # 1. tcp connect
  # 2. http handshake (RFC6455 section 4)
  # 3. websocket protocol

  private

  # Creates a new websocket and fills in the given http request with any
  # necessary settings.
  def initialize(request)
    @key_nonce = generate_key_nonce
    @request = request
    prepare(@request)
    @parser = FTW::WebSocket::Parser.new
    @messages = []
  end # def initialize

  # Set the connection for this websocket. This is usually invoked by FTW::Agent
  # after the websocket upgrade and handshake have been successful.
  #
  # You probably don't call this yourself.
  def connection=(connection)
    @connection = connection
  end # def connection=

  # Prepare the request. This sets any required headers and attributes as
  # specified by RFC6455
  def prepare(request)
    # RFC6455 section 4.1:
    #  "2.   The method of the request MUST be GET, and the HTTP version MUST
    #        be at least 1.1."
    request.method = "GET"
    request.version = 1.1

    # RFC6455 section 4.2.1 bullet 3
    request.headers.set("Upgrade", "websocket") 
    # RFC6455 section 4.2.1 bullet 4
    request.headers.set("Connection", "Upgrade") 
    # RFC6455 section 4.2.1 bullet 5
    request.headers.set("Sec-WebSocket-Key", @key_nonce)
    # RFC6455 section 4.2.1 bullet 6
    request.headers.set("Sec-WebSocket-Version", 13)
    # RFC6455 section 4.2.1 bullet 7 (optional)
    # The Origin header is optional for non-browser clients.
    #request.headers.set("Origin", ...)
    # RFC6455 section 4.2.1 bullet 8 (optional)
    #request.headers.set("Sec-Websocket-Protocol", ...)
    # RFC6455 section 4.2.1 bullet 9 (optional)
    #request.headers.set("Sec-Websocket-Extensions", ...)
    # RFC6455 section 4.2.1 bullet 10 (optional)
    # TODO(sissel): Any other headers like cookies, auth headers, are allowed.
  end # def prepare

  # Generate a websocket key nonce.
  def generate_key_nonce
    # RFC6455 section 4.1 says:
    # ---
    # 7.   The request MUST include a header field with the name
    #      |Sec-WebSocket-Key|.  The value of this header field MUST be a
    #      nonce consisting of a randomly selected 16-byte value that has
    #      been base64-encoded (see Section 4 of [RFC4648]).  The nonce
    #      MUST be selected randomly for each connection.
    # ---
    #
    # It's not totally clear to me how cryptographically strong this random
    # nonce needs to be, and if it does not need to be strong and it would
    # benefit users who do not have ruby with openssl enabled, maybe just use
    # rand() to generate this string.
    #
    # Thus, generate a random 16 byte string and encode i with base64.
    # Array#pack("m") packs with base64 encoding.
    return Base64.strict_encode64(OpenSSL::Random.random_bytes(16))
  end # def generate_key_nonce

  # Is this Response acceptable for our WebSocket Upgrade request?
  def handshake_ok?(response)
    # See RFC6455 section 4.2.2
    return false unless response.status == 101 # "Switching Protocols"
    return false unless response.headers.get("upgrade").downcase == "websocket"
    return false unless response.headers.get("connection").downcase == "upgrade"

    # Now verify Sec-WebSocket-Accept. It should be the SHA-1 of the
    # Sec-WebSocket-Key (in base64) + WEBSOCKET_ACCEPT_UUID
    expected = @key_nonce + WEBSOCKET_ACCEPT_UUID
    expected_hash = Digest::SHA1.base64digest(expected)
    return false unless response.headers.get("Sec-WebSocket-Accept") == expected_hash

    return true
  end # def handshake_ok?

  # Iterate over each WebSocket message. This method will run forever unless you
  # break from it. 
  #
  # The text payload of each message will be yielded to the block.
  def each(&block)
    while true
      block.call(receive)
    end
  end # def each

  # Receive a single payload
  def receive
    @messages += network_consume if @messages.empty?
    @messages.shift
  end # def receive

  # Consume payloads from the network.
  def network_consume
    payloads = []
    @parser.feed(@connection.read(16384)) do |payload|
      payloads << payload
    end
    return payloads
  end # def network_consume

  # Publish a message text.
  #
  # This will send a websocket text frame over the connection.
  def publish(message)
    writer = FTW::WebSocket::Writer.singleton
    writer.write_text(@connection, message)
  end # def publish

  public(:initialize, :connection=, :handshake_ok?, :each, :publish, :receive)
end # class FTW::WebSocket