require 'cgi'
require 'strscan'

module Rack
  # Rack middleware for parsing POST/PUT body data into nested parameters
  class NestedParams

    CONTENT_TYPE = 'CONTENT_TYPE'.freeze
    POST_BODY = 'rack.input'.freeze
    FORM_INPUT = 'rack.request.form_input'.freeze
    FORM_HASH = 'rack.request.form_hash'.freeze
    FORM_VARS = 'rack.request.form_vars'.freeze

    # supported content type
    URL_ENCODED = 'application/x-www-form-urlencoded'.freeze

    def initialize(app)
      @app = app
    end

    def call(env)
      if form_vars = env[FORM_VARS]
        env[FORM_HASH] = parse_query_parameters(form_vars)
      elsif env[CONTENT_TYPE] == URL_ENCODED
        post_body = env[POST_BODY]
        env[FORM_INPUT] = post_body
        env[FORM_HASH] = parse_query_parameters(post_body.read)
        post_body.rewind if post_body.respond_to?(:rewind)
      end
      @app.call(env)
    end

    ## the rest is nabbed from Rails ##

    def parse_query_parameters(query_string)
      return {} if query_string.nil? or query_string.empty?

      pairs = query_string.split('&').collect do |chunk|
        next if chunk.empty?
        key, value = chunk.split('=', 2)
        next if key.empty?
        value = value.nil? ? nil : CGI.unescape(value)
        [ CGI.unescape(key), value ]
      end.compact

      UrlEncodedPairParser.new(pairs).result
    end

    class UrlEncodedPairParser < StringScanner
      attr_reader :top, :parent, :result

      def initialize(pairs = [])
        super('')
        @result = {}
        pairs.each { |key, value| parse(key, value) }
      end

      KEY_REGEXP = %r{([^\[\]=&]+)}
      BRACKETED_KEY_REGEXP = %r{\[([^\[\]=&]+)\]}

      # Parse the query string
      def parse(key, value)
        self.string = key
        @top, @parent = result, nil

        # First scan the bare key
        key = scan(KEY_REGEXP) or return
        key = post_key_check(key)

        # Then scan as many nestings as present
        until eos?
          r = scan(BRACKETED_KEY_REGEXP) or return
          key = self[1]
          key = post_key_check(key)
        end

        bind(key, value)
      end

      private
        # After we see a key, we must look ahead to determine our next action. Cases:
        #
        #   [] follows the key. Then the value must be an array.
        #   = follows the key. (A value comes next)
        #   & or the end of string follows the key. Then the key is a flag.
        #   otherwise, a hash follows the key.
        def post_key_check(key)
          if scan(/\[\]/) # a[b][] indicates that b is an array
            container(key, Array)
            nil
          elsif check(/\[[^\]]/) # a[b] indicates that a is a hash
            container(key, Hash)
            nil
          else # End of key? We do nothing.
            key
          end
        end

        # Add a container to the stack.
        def container(key, klass)
          type_conflict! klass, top[key] if top.is_a?(Hash) && top.key?(key) && ! top[key].is_a?(klass)
          value = bind(key, klass.new)
          type_conflict! klass, value unless value.is_a?(klass)
          push(value)
        end

        # Push a value onto the 'stack', which is actually only the top 2 items.
        def push(value)
          @parent, @top = @top, value
        end

        # Bind a key (which may be nil for items in an array) to the provided value.
        def bind(key, value)
          if top.is_a? Array
            if key
              if top[-1].is_a?(Hash) && ! top[-1].key?(key)
                top[-1][key] = value
              else
                top << {key => value}
              end
              push top.last
              return top[key]
            else
              top << value
              return value
            end
          elsif top.is_a? Hash
            key = CGI.unescape(key)
            parent << (@top = {}) if top.key?(key) && parent.is_a?(Array)
            top[key] ||= value
            return top[key]
          else
            raise ArgumentError, "Don't know what to do: top is #{top.inspect}"
          end
        end

        def type_conflict!(klass, value)
          raise TypeError, "Conflicting types for parameter containers. Expected an instance of #{klass} but found an instance of #{value.class}. This can be caused by colliding Array and Hash parameters like qs[]=value&qs[key]=value. (The parameters received were #{value.inspect}.)"
        end
    end

  end
end