require 'resolv-replace' require 'net/http' require 'nokogiri' require 'date' require 'json' require 'erb' require 'parallel' module Twitterscraper module Query include Logger USER_AGENT_LIST = [ 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; x64; fr; rv:1.9.2.13) Gecko/20101203 Firebird/3.6.13', 'Mozilla/5.0 (compatible, MSIE 11, Windows NT 6.3; Trident/7.0; rv:11.0) like Gecko', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows; U; Windows NT 6.1; rv:2.2) Gecko/20110201', 'Opera/9.80 (X11; Linux i686; Ubuntu/14.10) Presto/2.12.388 Version/12.16', 'Mozilla/5.0 (Windows NT 5.2; RW; rv:7.0a1) Gecko/20091211 SeaMonkey/9.23a1pre', ] INIT_URL = 'https://twitter.com/search?f=tweets&vertical=default&q=__QUERY__&l=__LANG__' RELOAD_URL = 'https://twitter.com/i/search/timeline?f=tweets&vertical=' + 'default&include_available_features=1&include_entities=1&' + 'reset_error_state=false&src=typd&max_position=__POS__&q=__QUERY__&l=__LANG__' INIT_URL_USER = 'https://twitter.com/__USER__' RELOAD_URL_USER = 'https://twitter.com/i/profiles/show/__USER__/timeline/tweets?' + 'include_available_features=1&include_entities=1&' + 'max_position=__POS__&reset_error_state=false' def build_query_url(query, lang, type, pos) if type.user? if pos RELOAD_URL_USER.sub('__USER__', query).sub('__POS__', pos.to_s) else INIT_URL_USER.sub('__USER__', query) end else if pos RELOAD_URL.sub('__QUERY__', query).sub('__LANG__', lang.to_s).sub('__POS__', pos) else INIT_URL.sub('__QUERY__', query).sub('__LANG__', lang.to_s) end end end def get_single_page(url, headers, proxies, timeout = 6, retries = 30) return nil if stop_requested? unless proxies.empty? proxy = proxies.sample logger.info("Using proxy #{proxy}") end Http.get(url, headers, proxy, timeout) rescue => e logger.debug "get_single_page: #{e.inspect}" if (retries -= 1) > 0 logger.info "Retrying... (Attempts left: #{retries - 1})" retry else raise Error.new("#{e.inspect} url=#{url}") end end def parse_single_page(text, html = true) return [nil, nil] if text.nil? || text == '' if html json_resp = nil items_html = text else json_resp = JSON.parse(text) items_html = json_resp['items_html'] || '' end [items_html, json_resp] end def query_single_page(query, lang, type, pos, headers: [], proxies: []) logger.info "Querying #{query}" query = ERB::Util.url_encode(query) url = build_query_url(query, lang, type, pos) http_request = lambda do logger.debug "Scraping tweets from #{url}" get_single_page(url, headers, proxies) end if cache_enabled? client = Cache.new if (response = client.read(url)) logger.debug 'Fetching tweets from cache' else response = http_request.call client.write(url, response) unless stop_requested? end else response = http_request.call end return [], nil if response.nil? || response.empty? html, json_resp = parse_single_page(response, pos.nil?) if json_resp && json_resp['message'] logger.warn json_resp['message'] # Sorry, you are rate limited. @stop_requested = true Cache.new.delete(url) if cache_enabled? end tweets = Tweet.from_html(html) if tweets.empty? return [], (json_resp && json_resp['has_more_items'] && json_resp['min_position']) end if json_resp [tweets, json_resp['min_position']] elsif type.user? [tweets, tweets[-1].tweet_id] else [tweets, "TWEET-#{tweets[-1].tweet_id}-#{tweets[0].tweet_id}"] end end OLDEST_DATE = Date.parse('2006-03-21') def validate_options!(queries, type:, start_date:, end_date:, lang:, limit:, threads:) query = queries[0] if query.nil? || query == '' raise Error.new('Please specify a search query.') end if ERB::Util.url_encode(query).length >= 500 raise Error.new(':query must be a UTF-8, URL-encoded search query of 500 characters maximum, including operators.') end if start_date && end_date if start_date == end_date raise Error.new('Please specify different values for :start_date and :end_date.') elsif start_date > end_date raise Error.new(':start_date must occur before :end_date.') end end if start_date if start_date < OLDEST_DATE raise Error.new(":start_date must be greater than or equal to #{OLDEST_DATE}") end end end def build_queries(query, start_date, end_date) if start_date && end_date # date_range = start_date.upto(end_date - 1) # date_range.map { |date| query + " since:#{date} until:#{date + 1}" } queries = [] time = Time.utc(start_date.year, start_date.month, start_date.day, 0, 0, 0) end_time = Time.utc(end_date.year, end_date.month, end_date.day, 0, 0, 0) while true if time < Time.now.utc queries << (query + " since:#{time.strftime('%Y-%m-%d_%H:00:00')}_UTC until:#{(time + 3600).strftime('%Y-%m-%d_%H:00:00')}_UTC") end time += 3600 break if time >= end_time end queries elsif start_date [query + " since:#{start_date}"] elsif end_date [query + " until:#{end_date}"] else [query] end end def main_loop(query, lang, type, limit, daily_limit, headers, proxies) pos = nil daily_tweets = [] while true new_tweets, new_pos = query_single_page(query, lang, type, pos, headers: headers, proxies: proxies) unless new_tweets.empty? daily_tweets.concat(new_tweets) daily_tweets.uniq! { |t| t.tweet_id } @mutex.synchronize { @all_tweets.concat(new_tweets) @all_tweets.uniq! { |t| t.tweet_id } } end logger.info "Got #{new_tweets.size} tweets (total #{@all_tweets.size})" break unless new_pos break if daily_limit && daily_tweets.size >= daily_limit break if @all_tweets.size >= limit pos = new_pos end if !@stop_requested && @all_tweets.size >= limit logger.warn "The limit you specified has been reached limit=#{limit} tweets=#{@all_tweets.size}" @stop_requested = true end end def stop_requested? @stop_requested end def query_tweets(query, type: 'search', start_date: nil, end_date: nil, lang: nil, limit: 100, daily_limit: nil, order: 'desc', threads: 2) start_date = Date.parse(start_date) if start_date && start_date.is_a?(String) end_date = Date.parse(end_date) if end_date && end_date.is_a?(String) queries = build_queries(query, start_date, end_date) type = Type.new(type) if threads > queries.size threads = queries.size end if proxy_enabled? proxies = Proxy::Pool.new logger.debug "Fetch #{proxies.size} proxies" else proxies = [] logger.debug 'Proxy disabled' end logger.debug "Cache #{cache_enabled? ? 'enabled' : 'disabled'}" validate_options!(queries, type: type, start_date: start_date, end_date: end_date, lang: lang, limit: limit, threads: threads) logger.info "The number of threads #{threads}" headers = {'User-Agent': USER_AGENT_LIST.sample, 'X-Requested-With': 'XMLHttpRequest'} logger.info "Headers #{headers}" @all_tweets = [] @mutex = Mutex.new @stop_requested = false if threads > 1 Thread.abort_on_exception = true logger.debug "Set 'Thread.abort_on_exception' to true" Parallel.each(queries, in_threads: threads) do |query| main_loop(query, lang, type, limit, daily_limit, headers, proxies) raise Parallel::Break if stop_requested? end else queries.each do |query| main_loop(query, lang, type, limit, daily_limit, headers, proxies) break if stop_requested? end end @all_tweets.sort_by { |tweet| (order == 'desc' ? -1 : 1) * tweet.created_at.to_i } end def search(query, start_date: nil, end_date: nil, lang: '', limit: 100, daily_limit: nil, order: 'desc', threads: 2) query_tweets(query, type: 'search', start_date: start_date, end_date: end_date, lang: lang, limit: limit, daily_limit: daily_limit, order: order, threads: threads) end def user_timeline(screen_name, limit: 100, order: 'desc') query_tweets(screen_name, type: 'user', start_date: nil, end_date: nil, lang: nil, limit: limit, daily_limit: nil, order: order, threads: 1) end end end