<?xml version="1.0" encoding="iso-8859-1"?> <!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd"> <html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml" xml:lang="en" lang="en"> <head> <title>Module: Lisp</title> <meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=iso-8859-1" /> <meta http-equiv="Content-Script-Type" content="text/javascript" /> <link rel="stylesheet" href=".././rdoc-style.css" type="text/css" media="screen" /> <script type="text/javascript"> // <![CDATA[ function popupCode( url ) { window.open(url, "Code", "resizable=yes,scrollbars=yes,toolbar=no,status=no,height=150,width=400") } function toggleCode( id ) { if ( document.getElementById ) elem = document.getElementById( id ); else if ( document.all ) elem = eval( "document.all." + id ); else return false; elemStyle = elem.style; if ( elemStyle.display != "block" ) { elemStyle.display = "block" } else { elemStyle.display = "none" } return true; } // Make codeblocks hidden by default document.writeln( "<style type=\"text/css\">div.method-source-code { display: none }</style>" ) // ]]> </script> </head> <body> <div id="classHeader"> <table class="header-table"> <tr class="top-aligned-row"> <td><strong>Module</strong></td> <td class="class-name-in-header">Lisp</td> </tr> <tr class="top-aligned-row"> <td><strong>In:</strong></td> <td> <a href="../files/lib/carat/lisp-format_rb.html"> lib/carat/lisp-format.rb </a> <br /> <a href="../files/lib/carat/lisp_rb.html"> lib/carat/lisp.rb </a> <br /> </td> </tr> </table> </div> <!-- banner header --> <div id="bodyContent"> <div id="contextContent"> <div id="description"> <h1><a href="Lisp.html">Lisp</a> Mixin</h1> <p> This module provides <a href="Lisp.html">Lisp</a>-like functional notation. With this module it almost possibel to write real <a href="Lisp.html">Lisp</a> code in Ruby. </p> <h2>Example</h2> <p> It’s hardly believable, but the following IS valid ruby code: </p> <pre> (def accumulate (fun, x, list) (if (null? list) x else (accumulate fun, (fun.call x, (car list)), (cdr list)) end) end) </pre> <p> A real programmer can write LISP in any language… ;) </p> <h2>Author(s)</h2> <ul> <li>Florian Frank </li> <li>Thomas Sawyer </li> </ul> <h2>Legal</h2> <p> Based on original work func.rb by Florain Frank. Copyright ©2005 Florian Frank <flori@ping.de> Ruby License </p> <h2>History</h2> <ul> <li>2005.04.12 </li> </ul> <p> ** Changed the name of Pair class to <a href="Lisp/DottedPair.html">DottedPair</a>. ** Added a new method <a href="Lisp.html#M000432">pair!</a> which converts an array to a <a href="Lisp/DottedPair.html">DottedPair</a>. ** This is then used in <a href="Lisp.html#M000425">car</a> and <a href="Lisp.html#M000426">cdr</a> to automatically convert arrays passed to them. ** Note: There may be other places that <a href="Lisp.html#M000432">pair!</a> conversion is needed. </p> </div> </div> <div id="method-list"> <h3 class="section-bar">Methods</h3> <div class="name-list"> <a href="#M000446">accumulate</a> <a href="#M000445">all?</a> <a href="#M000436">append</a> <a href="#M000443">assoc</a> <a href="#M000433">atom?</a> <a href="#M000425">car</a> <a href="#M000426">cdr</a> <a href="#M000423">cons</a> <a href="#M000424">consonto</a> <a href="#M000457">drop</a> <a href="#M000434">equal?</a> <a href="#M000444">exists?</a> <a href="#M000451">explode</a> <a href="#M000442">filter</a> <a href="#M000447">foldleft</a> <a href="#M000449">foldright</a> <a href="#M000422">format</a> <a href="#M000452">implode</a> <a href="#M000437">length</a> <a href="#M000450">link</a> <a href="#M000435">list</a> <a href="#M000438">map</a> <a href="#M000441">member?</a> <a href="#M000430">null?</a> <a href="#M000432">pair!</a> <a href="#M000431">pair?</a> <a href="#M000440">pairlis</a> <a href="#M000454">prod</a> <a href="#M000448">reduce</a> <a href="#M000455">reverse</a> <a href="#M000427">set</a> <a href="#M000428">set_car!</a> <a href="#M000429">set_cdr!</a> <a href="#M000453">sum</a> <a href="#M000456">take</a> <a href="#M000439">zip</a> </div> </div> </div> <!-- if includes --> <div id="section"> <div id="class-list"> <h3 class="section-bar">Classes and Modules</h3> Module <a href="Lisp/Format.html" class="link">Lisp::Format</a><br /> Class <a href="Lisp/DottedPair.html" class="link">Lisp::DottedPair</a><br /> </div> <div id="constants-list"> <h3 class="section-bar">Constants</h3> <div class="name-list"> <table summary="Constants"> <tr class="top-aligned-row context-row"> <td class="context-item-name">VERSION</td> <td>=</td> <td class="context-item-value">1.1</td> </tr> </table> </div> </div> <!-- if method_list --> <div id="methods"> <h3 class="section-bar">Public Class methods</h3> <div id="method-M000422" class="method-detail"> <a name="M000422"></a> <div class="method-heading"> <a href="#M000422" class="method-signature"> <span class="method-name">format</span><span class="method-args">(format, *args)</span> </a> </div> <div class="method-description"> <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#" onclick="toggleCode('M000422-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p> <div class="method-source-code" id="M000422-source"> <pre> <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File lib/carat/lisp-format.rb, line 1788</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-constant">Lisp</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">format</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">format</span>, <span class="ruby-operator">*</span><span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">begin</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">state</span> = <span class="ruby-constant">Format</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">State</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">new</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">args</span>, <span class="ruby-constant">Format</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">Output</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">new</span>) <span class="ruby-identifier">formatter</span> = <span class="ruby-constant">Format</span><span class="ruby-operator">::</span><span class="ruby-constant">Formatter</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">new</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">format</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">state</span>) <span class="ruby-identifier">formatter</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">run</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">rescue</span> =<span class="ruby-operator">></span> <span class="ruby-identifier">e</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">puts</span> <span class="ruby-value str">'Format error: '</span> <span class="ruby-operator">+</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">e</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">message</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">puts</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">format</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">puts</span> <span class="ruby-value str">' '</span> <span class="ruby-operator">*</span> (<span class="ruby-identifier">e</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">pos</span> <span class="ruby-operator">-</span> <span class="ruby-value">1</span>) <span class="ruby-operator">+</span> <span class="ruby-value str">'^'</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">e</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">respond_to?</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">:pos</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">raise</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <h3 class="section-bar">Public Instance methods</h3> <div id="method-M000446" class="method-detail"> <a name="M000446"></a> <div class="method-heading"> <a href="#M000446" class="method-signature"> <span class="method-name">accumulate</span><span class="method-args">(fun, x, list)</span> </a> </div> <div class="method-description"> <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#" onclick="toggleCode('M000446-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p> <div class="method-source-code" id="M000446-source"> <pre> <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File lib/carat/lisp.rb, line 276</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">accumulate</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">fun</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">x</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">null?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>) <span class="ruby-identifier">x</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">else</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">accumulate</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">fun</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">fun</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">call</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">x</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">car</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>)), <span class="ruby-identifier">cdr</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>)) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <div id="method-M000445" class="method-detail"> <a name="M000445"></a> <div class="method-heading"> <a href="#M000445" class="method-signature"> <span class="method-name">all?</span><span class="method-args">(pred, list)</span> </a> </div> <div class="method-description"> <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#" onclick="toggleCode('M000445-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p> <div class="method-source-code" id="M000445-source"> <pre> <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File lib/carat/lisp.rb, line 264</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">all?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">pred</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">null?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">true</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">else</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">pred</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">call</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">car</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>)) <span class="ruby-identifier">all?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">pred</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">cdr</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>)) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">else</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">false</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <div id="method-M000436" class="method-detail"> <a name="M000436"></a> <div class="method-heading"> <a href="#M000436" class="method-signature"> <span class="method-name">append</span><span class="method-args">(l, m)</span> </a> </div> <div class="method-description"> <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#" onclick="toggleCode('M000436-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p> <div class="method-source-code" id="M000436-source"> <pre> <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File lib/carat/lisp.rb, line 181</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">append</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">l</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">m</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">null?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">l</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">null?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">m</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">nil</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">else</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">cons</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">car</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">m</span>), <span class="ruby-identifier">append</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">l</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">cdr</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">m</span>))) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">else</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">cons</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">car</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">l</span>), <span class="ruby-identifier">append</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">cdr</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">l</span>), <span class="ruby-identifier">m</span>)) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <div id="method-M000443" class="method-detail"> <a name="M000443"></a> <div class="method-heading"> <a href="#M000443" class="method-signature"> <span class="method-name">assoc</span><span class="method-args">(x, list)</span> </a> </div> <div class="method-description"> <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#" onclick="toggleCode('M000443-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p> <div class="method-source-code" id="M000443-source"> <pre> <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File lib/carat/lisp.rb, line 247</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">assoc</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">x</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>) <span class="ruby-identifier">f</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">filter</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">lambda</span> { <span class="ruby-operator">|</span><span class="ruby-identifier">y</span><span class="ruby-operator">|</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">x</span> <span class="ruby-operator">==</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">car</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">y</span>)}, <span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">null?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">f</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">then</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">nil</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">else</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">car</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">f</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <div id="method-M000433" class="method-detail"> <a name="M000433"></a> <div class="method-heading"> <a href="#M000433" class="method-signature"> <span class="method-name">atom?</span><span class="method-args">(x)</span> </a> </div> <div class="method-description"> <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#" onclick="toggleCode('M000433-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p> <div class="method-source-code" id="M000433-source"> <pre> <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File lib/carat/lisp.rb, line 165</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">atom?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">x</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">not</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">pair?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">x</span>) <span class="ruby-operator">||</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">null?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">x</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <div id="method-M000425" class="method-detail"> <a name="M000425"></a> <div class="method-heading"> <a href="#M000425" class="method-signature"> <span class="method-name">car</span><span class="method-args">(pair)</span> </a> </div> <div class="method-description"> <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#" onclick="toggleCode('M000425-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p> <div class="method-source-code" id="M000425-source"> <pre> <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File lib/carat/lisp.rb, line 130</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">car</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">pair</span>) <span class="ruby-identifier">pair</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">pair!</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">pair</span>) <span class="ruby-identifier">pair</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">first</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <div id="method-M000426" class="method-detail"> <a name="M000426"></a> <div class="method-heading"> <a href="#M000426" class="method-signature"> <span class="method-name">cdr</span><span class="method-args">(pair)</span> </a> </div> <div class="method-description"> <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#" onclick="toggleCode('M000426-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p> <div class="method-source-code" id="M000426-source"> <pre> <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File lib/carat/lisp.rb, line 135</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">cdr</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">pair</span>) <span class="ruby-identifier">pair</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">pair!</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">pair</span>) <span class="ruby-identifier">pair</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">second</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <div id="method-M000423" class="method-detail"> <a name="M000423"></a> <div class="method-heading"> <a href="#M000423" class="method-signature"> <span class="method-name">cons</span><span class="method-args">(car, cdr)</span> </a> </div> <div class="method-description"> <p> Functional API </p> <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#" onclick="toggleCode('M000423-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p> <div class="method-source-code" id="M000423-source"> <pre> <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File lib/carat/lisp.rb, line 122</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">cons</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">car</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">cdr</span>) <span class="ruby-constant">DottedPair</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">new</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">car</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">cdr</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <div id="method-M000424" class="method-detail"> <a name="M000424"></a> <div class="method-heading"> <a href="#M000424" class="method-signature"> <span class="method-name">consonto</span><span class="method-args">(cdr, car)</span> </a> </div> <div class="method-description"> <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#" onclick="toggleCode('M000424-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p> <div class="method-source-code" id="M000424-source"> <pre> <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File lib/carat/lisp.rb, line 126</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">consonto</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">cdr</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">car</span>) <span class="ruby-constant">DottedPair</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">new</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">car</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">cdr</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <div id="method-M000457" class="method-detail"> <a name="M000457"></a> <div class="method-heading"> <a href="#M000457" class="method-signature"> <span class="method-name">drop</span><span class="method-args">(l, n)</span> </a> </div> <div class="method-description"> <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#" onclick="toggleCode('M000457-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p> <div class="method-source-code" id="M000457-source"> <pre> <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File lib/carat/lisp.rb, line 328</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">drop</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">l</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">n</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">n</span> <span class="ruby-operator">></span> <span class="ruby-value">0</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">and</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">not</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">null?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">l</span>) <span class="ruby-identifier">drop</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">cdr</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">l</span>), <span class="ruby-identifier">n</span> <span class="ruby-operator">-</span> <span class="ruby-value">1</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">else</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">l</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <div id="method-M000434" class="method-detail"> <a name="M000434"></a> <div class="method-heading"> <a href="#M000434" class="method-signature"> <span class="method-name">equal?</span><span class="method-args">(l, m)</span> </a> </div> <div class="method-description"> <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#" onclick="toggleCode('M000434-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p> <div class="method-source-code" id="M000434-source"> <pre> <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File lib/carat/lisp.rb, line 169</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">equal?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">l</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">m</span>) <span class="ruby-identifier">l</span> <span class="ruby-operator">==</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">m</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <div id="method-M000444" class="method-detail"> <a name="M000444"></a> <div class="method-heading"> <a href="#M000444" class="method-signature"> <span class="method-name">exists?</span><span class="method-args">(pred, list)</span> </a> </div> <div class="method-description"> <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#" onclick="toggleCode('M000444-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p> <div class="method-source-code" id="M000444-source"> <pre> <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File lib/carat/lisp.rb, line 252</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">exists?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">pred</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">null?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">false</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">else</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">pred</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">call</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">car</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>)) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">true</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">else</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">exists?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">pred</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">cdr</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>)) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <div id="method-M000451" class="method-detail"> <a name="M000451"></a> <div class="method-heading"> <a href="#M000451" class="method-signature"> <span class="method-name">explode</span><span class="method-args">(string)</span> </a> </div> <div class="method-description"> <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#" onclick="toggleCode('M000451-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p> <div class="method-source-code" id="M000451-source"> <pre> <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File lib/carat/lisp.rb, line 300</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">explode</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">string</span>) <span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>(<span class="ruby-operator">*</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">string</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">split</span>(<span class="ruby-regexp re">//</span>))) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <div id="method-M000442" class="method-detail"> <a name="M000442"></a> <div class="method-heading"> <a href="#M000442" class="method-signature"> <span class="method-name">filter</span><span class="method-args">(pred, list)</span> </a> </div> <div class="method-description"> <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#" onclick="toggleCode('M000442-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p> <div class="method-source-code" id="M000442-source"> <pre> <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File lib/carat/lisp.rb, line 235</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">filter</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">pred</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">null?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">nil</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">else</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">pred</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">call</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">car</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>)) <span class="ruby-identifier">cons</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">car</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>), <span class="ruby-identifier">filter</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">pred</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">cdr</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>))) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">else</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">filter</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">pred</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">cdr</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>)) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <div id="method-M000447" class="method-detail"> <a name="M000447"></a> <div class="method-heading"> <span class="method-name">foldleft</span><span class="method-args">(fun, x, list)</span> </div> <div class="method-description"> <p> Alias for <a href="Lisp.html#M000446">accumulate</a> </p> </div> </div> <div id="method-M000449" class="method-detail"> <a name="M000449"></a> <div class="method-heading"> <span class="method-name">foldright</span><span class="method-args">(fun, x, list)</span> </div> <div class="method-description"> <p> Alias for <a href="Lisp.html#M000448">reduce</a> </p> </div> </div> <div id="method-M000452" class="method-detail"> <a name="M000452"></a> <div class="method-heading"> <a href="#M000452" class="method-signature"> <span class="method-name">implode</span><span class="method-args">(list)</span> </a> </div> <div class="method-description"> <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#" onclick="toggleCode('M000452-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p> <div class="method-source-code" id="M000452-source"> <pre> <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File lib/carat/lisp.rb, line 304</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">implode</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>) <span class="ruby-identifier">accumulate</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">lambda</span> { <span class="ruby-operator">|</span><span class="ruby-identifier">x</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">y</span><span class="ruby-operator">|</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">x</span> <span class="ruby-operator">+</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">y</span> }, <span class="ruby-value str">''</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <div id="method-M000437" class="method-detail"> <a name="M000437"></a> <div class="method-heading"> <a href="#M000437" class="method-signature"> <span class="method-name">length</span><span class="method-args">(list)</span> </a> </div> <div class="method-description"> <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#" onclick="toggleCode('M000437-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p> <div class="method-source-code" id="M000437-source"> <pre> <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File lib/carat/lisp.rb, line 193</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">length</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">null?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>) <span class="ruby-value">0</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">else</span> <span class="ruby-value">1</span> <span class="ruby-operator">+</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">length</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">cdr</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>)) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <div id="method-M000450" class="method-detail"> <a name="M000450"></a> <div class="method-heading"> <a href="#M000450" class="method-signature"> <span class="method-name">link</span><span class="method-args">(lists)</span> </a> </div> <div class="method-description"> <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#" onclick="toggleCode('M000450-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p> <div class="method-source-code" id="M000450-source"> <pre> <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File lib/carat/lisp.rb, line 296</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">link</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">lists</span>) <span class="ruby-identifier">accumulate</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">lambda</span> { <span class="ruby-operator">|</span><span class="ruby-identifier">x</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">y</span><span class="ruby-operator">|</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">append</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">x</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">y</span>) }, <span class="ruby-keyword kw">nil</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">lists</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <div id="method-M000435" class="method-detail"> <a name="M000435"></a> <div class="method-heading"> <a href="#M000435" class="method-signature"> <span class="method-name">list</span><span class="method-args">(*elms)</span> </a> </div> <div class="method-description"> <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#" onclick="toggleCode('M000435-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p> <div class="method-source-code" id="M000435-source"> <pre> <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File lib/carat/lisp.rb, line 173</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>(<span class="ruby-operator">*</span><span class="ruby-identifier">elms</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">elms</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">empty?</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">nil</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">else</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">cons</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">elms</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">shift</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>(<span class="ruby-operator">*</span><span class="ruby-identifier">elms</span>)) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <div id="method-M000438" class="method-detail"> <a name="M000438"></a> <div class="method-heading"> <a href="#M000438" class="method-signature"> <span class="method-name">map</span><span class="method-args">(fun, list)</span> </a> </div> <div class="method-description"> <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#" onclick="toggleCode('M000438-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p> <div class="method-source-code" id="M000438-source"> <pre> <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File lib/carat/lisp.rb, line 201</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">map</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">fun</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">null?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">nil</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">else</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">cons</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">fun</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">call</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">car</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>)), <span class="ruby-identifier">map</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">fun</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">cdr</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>))) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <div id="method-M000441" class="method-detail"> <a name="M000441"></a> <div class="method-heading"> <a href="#M000441" class="method-signature"> <span class="method-name">member?</span><span class="method-args">(x, list)</span> </a> </div> <div class="method-description"> <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#" onclick="toggleCode('M000441-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p> <div class="method-source-code" id="M000441-source"> <pre> <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File lib/carat/lisp.rb, line 223</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">member?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">x</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">null?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">false</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">else</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">x</span> <span class="ruby-operator">==</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">car</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">true</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">else</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">member?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">x</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">cdr</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>)) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <div id="method-M000430" class="method-detail"> <a name="M000430"></a> <div class="method-heading"> <a href="#M000430" class="method-signature"> <span class="method-name">null?</span><span class="method-args">(x)</span> </a> </div> <div class="method-description"> <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#" onclick="toggleCode('M000430-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p> <div class="method-source-code" id="M000430-source"> <pre> <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File lib/carat/lisp.rb, line 152</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">null?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">x</span>) <span class="ruby-identifier">x</span> <span class="ruby-operator">==</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">nil</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <div id="method-M000432" class="method-detail"> <a name="M000432"></a> <div class="method-heading"> <a href="#M000432" class="method-signature"> <span class="method-name">pair!</span><span class="method-args">(x)</span> </a> </div> <div class="method-description"> <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#" onclick="toggleCode('M000432-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p> <div class="method-source-code" id="M000432-source"> <pre> <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File lib/carat/lisp.rb, line 160</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">pair!</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">x</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">return</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">x</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">pair?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">x</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">return</span> <span class="ruby-constant">DottedPair</span>[<span class="ruby-operator">*</span><span class="ruby-identifier">x</span>] <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <div id="method-M000431" class="method-detail"> <a name="M000431"></a> <div class="method-heading"> <a href="#M000431" class="method-signature"> <span class="method-name">pair?</span><span class="method-args">(x)</span> </a> </div> <div class="method-description"> <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#" onclick="toggleCode('M000431-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p> <div class="method-source-code" id="M000431-source"> <pre> <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File lib/carat/lisp.rb, line 156</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">pair?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">x</span>) <span class="ruby-identifier">x</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">is_a?</span>(<span class="ruby-constant">DottedPair</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <div id="method-M000440" class="method-detail"> <a name="M000440"></a> <div class="method-heading"> <a href="#M000440" class="method-signature"> <span class="method-name">pairlis</span><span class="method-args">(l, m)</span> </a> </div> <div class="method-description"> <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#" onclick="toggleCode('M000440-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p> <div class="method-source-code" id="M000440-source"> <pre> <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File lib/carat/lisp.rb, line 219</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">pairlis</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">l</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">m</span>) <span class="ruby-identifier">zip</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">lambda</span> { <span class="ruby-operator">|</span><span class="ruby-identifier">x</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">y</span><span class="ruby-operator">|</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">cons</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">x</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">y</span>) }, <span class="ruby-identifier">l</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">m</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <div id="method-M000454" class="method-detail"> <a name="M000454"></a> <div class="method-heading"> <a href="#M000454" class="method-signature"> <span class="method-name">prod</span><span class="method-args">(list)</span> </a> </div> <div class="method-description"> <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#" onclick="toggleCode('M000454-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p> <div class="method-source-code" id="M000454-source"> <pre> <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File lib/carat/lisp.rb, line 312</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">prod</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>) <span class="ruby-identifier">accumulate</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">lambda</span> { <span class="ruby-operator">|</span><span class="ruby-identifier">x</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">y</span><span class="ruby-operator">|</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">x</span> <span class="ruby-operator">*</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">y</span> }, <span class="ruby-value">1</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <div id="method-M000448" class="method-detail"> <a name="M000448"></a> <div class="method-heading"> <a href="#M000448" class="method-signature"> <span class="method-name">reduce</span><span class="method-args">(fun, x, list)</span> </a> </div> <div class="method-description"> <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#" onclick="toggleCode('M000448-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p> <div class="method-source-code" id="M000448-source"> <pre> <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File lib/carat/lisp.rb, line 286</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">reduce</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">fun</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">x</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">null?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>) <span class="ruby-identifier">x</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">else</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">fun</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">call</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">car</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>), <span class="ruby-identifier">reduce</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">fun</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">x</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">cdr</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>))) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <div id="method-M000455" class="method-detail"> <a name="M000455"></a> <div class="method-heading"> <a href="#M000455" class="method-signature"> <span class="method-name">reverse</span><span class="method-args">(lists)</span> </a> </div> <div class="method-description"> <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#" onclick="toggleCode('M000455-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p> <div class="method-source-code" id="M000455-source"> <pre> <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File lib/carat/lisp.rb, line 316</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">reverse</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">lists</span>) <span class="ruby-identifier">accumulate</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">lambda</span> { <span class="ruby-operator">|</span><span class="ruby-identifier">x</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">y</span><span class="ruby-operator">|</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">consonto</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">x</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">y</span>) }, <span class="ruby-keyword kw">nil</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">lists</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <div id="method-M000427" class="method-detail"> <a name="M000427"></a> <div class="method-heading"> <a href="#M000427" class="method-signature"> <span class="method-name">set</span><span class="method-args">(var, val, binding)</span> </a> </div> <div class="method-description"> <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#" onclick="toggleCode('M000427-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p> <div class="method-source-code" id="M000427-source"> <pre> <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File lib/carat/lisp.rb, line 140</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">set</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">var</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">val</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">binding</span>) <span class="ruby-identifier">eval</span> <span class="ruby-node">"var = #{val}"</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">binding</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <div id="method-M000428" class="method-detail"> <a name="M000428"></a> <div class="method-heading"> <a href="#M000428" class="method-signature"> <span class="method-name">set_car!</span><span class="method-args">(pair, val)</span> </a> </div> <div class="method-description"> <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#" onclick="toggleCode('M000428-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p> <div class="method-source-code" id="M000428-source"> <pre> <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File lib/carat/lisp.rb, line 144</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">set_car!</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">pair</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">val</span>) <span class="ruby-identifier">pair</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">first</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">val</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <div id="method-M000429" class="method-detail"> <a name="M000429"></a> <div class="method-heading"> <a href="#M000429" class="method-signature"> <span class="method-name">set_cdr!</span><span class="method-args">(pair, val)</span> </a> </div> <div class="method-description"> <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#" onclick="toggleCode('M000429-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p> <div class="method-source-code" id="M000429-source"> <pre> <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File lib/carat/lisp.rb, line 148</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">set_cdr!</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">pair</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">val</span>) <span class="ruby-identifier">pair</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">second</span> = <span class="ruby-identifier">val</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <div id="method-M000453" class="method-detail"> <a name="M000453"></a> <div class="method-heading"> <a href="#M000453" class="method-signature"> <span class="method-name">sum</span><span class="method-args">(list)</span> </a> </div> <div class="method-description"> <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#" onclick="toggleCode('M000453-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p> <div class="method-source-code" id="M000453-source"> <pre> <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File lib/carat/lisp.rb, line 308</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">sum</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>) <span class="ruby-identifier">accumulate</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">lambda</span> { <span class="ruby-operator">|</span><span class="ruby-identifier">x</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">y</span><span class="ruby-operator">|</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">x</span> <span class="ruby-operator">+</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">y</span> }, <span class="ruby-value">0</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">list</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <div id="method-M000456" class="method-detail"> <a name="M000456"></a> <div class="method-heading"> <a href="#M000456" class="method-signature"> <span class="method-name">take</span><span class="method-args">(l, n)</span> </a> </div> <div class="method-description"> <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#" onclick="toggleCode('M000456-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p> <div class="method-source-code" id="M000456-source"> <pre> <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File lib/carat/lisp.rb, line 320</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">take</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">l</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">n</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">n</span> <span class="ruby-operator">></span> <span class="ruby-value">0</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">and</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">not</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">null?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">l</span>) <span class="ruby-identifier">cons</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">car</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">l</span>), <span class="ruby-identifier">take</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">cdr</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">l</span>), <span class="ruby-identifier">n</span> <span class="ruby-operator">-</span> <span class="ruby-value">1</span>)) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">else</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">nil</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> <div id="method-M000439" class="method-detail"> <a name="M000439"></a> <div class="method-heading"> <a href="#M000439" class="method-signature"> <span class="method-name">zip</span><span class="method-args">(fun, l, m)</span> </a> </div> <div class="method-description"> <p><a class="source-toggle" href="#" onclick="toggleCode('M000439-source');return false;">[Source]</a></p> <div class="method-source-code" id="M000439-source"> <pre> <span class="ruby-comment cmt"># File lib/carat/lisp.rb, line 209</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">def</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">zip</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">fun</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">l</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">m</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">if</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">null?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">l</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">and</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">null?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">m</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">nil</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">elsif</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">null?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">l</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">or</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">null?</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">m</span>) <span class="ruby-identifier">raise</span> <span class="ruby-constant">ArgumentError</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">new</span>(<span class="ruby-value str">"zip with unequal length lists"</span>) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">else</span> <span class="ruby-identifier">cons</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">fun</span>.<span class="ruby-identifier">call</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">car</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">l</span>), <span class="ruby-identifier">car</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">m</span>)), <span class="ruby-identifier">zip</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">fun</span>, <span class="ruby-identifier">cdr</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">l</span>), <span class="ruby-identifier">cdr</span>(<span class="ruby-identifier">m</span>))) <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> <span class="ruby-keyword kw">end</span> </pre> </div> </div> </div> </div> </div> <div id="validator-badges"> <p><small><a href="http://validator.w3.org/check/referer">[Validate]</a></small></p> </div> </body> </html>