Doubles, stubs, and message expectations are all cleaned out after each example. This ensures that each example can be run in isolation, and in any order. ### `before(:each)` It is perfectly fine to set up doubles, stubs, and message expectations in a `before(:each)` hook, as that hook is executed in the scope of the example: before(:each) do @account = double('account') end ### Do not create doubles, stubs, or message expectations in `before(:all)` If you do, they'll get cleaned out after the first example, and you will be very confused as to what's going on in the second example.