(lp1 (ccopy_reg _reconstructor p2 (cpygments.token _TokenType p3 c__builtin__ tuple p4 (S'Punctuation' p5 ttRp6 (dp7 S'subtypes' p8 c__builtin__ set p9 ((lp10 g2 (g3 g4 (g5 S'Indicator' p11 ttRp12 (dp13 g8 g9 ((ltRp14 sS'parent' p15 g6 sbatRp16 sg11 g12 sg15 g2 (g3 g4 (ttRp17 (dp18 S'Comment' p19 g2 (g3 g4 (g19 ttRp20 (dp21 g15 g17 sS'Preproc' p22 g2 (g3 g4 (g19 g22 ttRp23 (dp24 g8 g9 ((ltRp25 sg15 g20 sbsS'Single' p26 g2 (g3 g4 (g19 g26 ttRp27 (dp28 g8 g9 ((ltRp29 sg15 g20 sbsS'Multiline' p30 g2 (g3 g4 (g19 g30 ttRp31 (dp32 g8 g9 ((ltRp33 sg15 g20 sbsg8 g9 ((lp34 g2 (g3 g4 (g19 S'Special' p35 ttRp36 (dp37 g8 g9 ((ltRp38 sg15 g20 sbag23 ag27 ag31 atRp39 sg35 g36 sbsS'Name' p40 g2 (g3 g4 (g40 ttRp41 (dp42 S'Function' p43 g2 (g3 g4 (g40 g43 ttRp44 (dp45 g8 g9 ((ltRp46 sg15 g41 sbsS'Exception' p47 g2 (g3 g4 (g40 g47 ttRp48 (dp49 g8 g9 ((ltRp50 sg15 g41 sbsS'Tag' p51 g2 (g3 g4 (g40 g51 ttRp52 (dp53 g8 g9 ((ltRp54 sg15 g41 sbsS'Constant' p55 g2 (g3 g4 (g40 g55 ttRp56 (dp57 g8 g9 ((ltRp58 sg15 g41 sbsg15 g17 sS'Pseudo' p59 g2 (g3 g4 (g40 g59 ttRp60 (dp61 g8 g9 ((ltRp62 sg15 g41 sbsS'Attribute' p63 g2 (g3 g4 (g40 g63 ttRp64 (dp65 g8 g9 ((ltRp66 sg15 g41 sbsS'Label' p67 g2 (g3 g4 (g40 g67 ttRp68 (dp69 g8 g9 ((ltRp70 sg15 g41 sbsS'Blubb' p71 g2 (g3 g4 (g40 g71 ttRp72 (dp73 g8 g9 ((ltRp74 sg15 g41 sbsS'Entity' p75 g2 (g3 g4 (g40 g75 ttRp76 (dp77 g8 g9 ((ltRp78 sg15 g41 sbsS'Builtin' p79 g2 (g3 g4 (g40 g79 ttRp80 (dp81 g8 g9 ((lp82 g2 (g3 g4 (g40 g79 g59 ttRp83 (dp84 g8 g9 ((ltRp85 sg15 g80 sbatRp86 sg59 g83 sg15 g41 sbsS'Other' p87 g2 (g3 g4 (g40 g87 ttRp88 (dp89 g8 g9 ((ltRp90 sg15 g41 sbsS'Identifier' p91 g2 (g3 g4 (g40 g91 ttRp92 (dp93 g8 g9 ((ltRp94 sg15 g41 sbsS'Variable' p95 g2 (g3 g4 (g40 g95 ttRp96 (dp97 g15 g41 sS'Global' p98 g2 (g3 g4 (g40 g95 g98 ttRp99 (dp100 g8 g9 ((ltRp101 sg15 g96 sbsS'Instance' p102 g2 (g3 g4 (g40 g95 g102 ttRp103 (dp104 g8 g9 ((ltRp105 sg15 g96 sbsS'Anonymous' p106 g2 (g3 g4 (g40 g95 g106 ttRp107 (dp108 g8 g9 ((ltRp109 sg15 g96 sbsg8 g9 ((lp110 g107 ag103 ag99 ag2 (g3 g4 (g40 g95 S'Class' p111 ttRp112 (dp113 g8 g9 ((ltRp114 sg15 g96 sbatRp115 sg111 g112 sbsg8 g9 ((lp116 g2 (g3 g4 (g40 S'Decorator' p117 ttRp118 (dp119 g8 g9 ((ltRp120 sg15 g41 sbag64 ag56 ag60 ag2 (g3 g4 (g40 S'Namespace' p121 ttRp122 (dp123 g8 g9 ((ltRp124 sg15 g41 sbag92 ag80 ag96 ag88 ag72 ag76 ag44 ag2 (g3 g4 (g40 S'Property' p125 ttRp126 (dp127 g8 g9 ((ltRp128 sg15 g41 sbag68 ag52 ag48 ag2 (g3 g4 (g40 g111 ttRp129 (dp130 g8 g9 ((ltRp131 sg15 g41 sbatRp132 sg125 g126 sg111 g129 sg117 g118 sg121 g122 sbsS'Keyword' p133 g2 (g3 g4 (g133 ttRp134 (dp135 S'Pervasive' p136 g2 (g3 g4 (g133 g136 ttRp137 (dp138 g8 g9 ((ltRp139 sg15 g134 sbsg55 g2 (g3 g4 (g133 g55 ttRp140 (dp141 g8 g9 ((ltRp142 sg15 g134 sbsg15 g17 sg121 g2 (g3 g4 (g133 g121 ttRp143 (dp144 g8 g9 ((ltRp145 sg15 g134 sbsg59 g2 (g3 g4 (g133 g59 ttRp146 (dp147 g8 g9 ((ltRp148 sg15 g134 sbsS'Reserved' p149 g2 (g3 g4 (g133 g149 ttRp150 (dp151 g8 g9 ((ltRp152 sg15 g134 sbsS'Declaration' p153 g2 (g3 g4 (g133 g153 ttRp154 (dp155 g8 g9 ((ltRp156 sg15 g134 sbsg95 g2 (g3 g4 (g133 g95 ttRp157 (dp158 g8 g9 ((ltRp159 sg15 g134 sbsg8 g9 ((lp160 g140 ag150 ag2 (g3 g4 (g133 S'Type' p161 ttRp162 (dp163 g8 g9 ((ltRp164 sg15 g134 sbag137 ag154 ag157 ag143 ag146 atRp165 sg161 g162 sbsS'Generic' p166 g2 (g3 g4 (g166 ttRp167 (dp168 S'Prompt' p169 g2 (g3 g4 (g166 g169 ttRp170 (dp171 g8 g9 ((ltRp172 sg15 g167 sbsg15 g17 sS'Deleted' p173 g2 (g3 g4 (g166 g173 ttRp174 (dp175 g8 g9 ((ltRp176 sg15 g167 sbsS'Traceback' p177 g2 (g3 g4 (g166 g177 ttRp178 (dp179 g8 g9 ((ltRp180 sg15 g167 sbsS'Emph' p181 g2 (g3 g4 (g166 g181 ttRp182 (dp183 g8 g9 ((ltRp184 sg15 g167 sbsS'Output' p185 g2 (g3 g4 (g166 g185 ttRp186 (dp187 g8 g9 ((ltRp188 sg15 g167 sbsS'Subheading' p189 g2 (g3 g4 (g166 g189 ttRp190 (dp191 g8 g9 ((ltRp192 sg15 g167 sbsS'Error' p193 g2 (g3 g4 (g166 g193 ttRp194 (dp195 g8 g9 ((ltRp196 sg15 g167 sbsg8 g9 ((lp197 g186 ag182 ag194 ag190 ag178 ag174 ag2 (g3 g4 (g166 S'Heading' p198 ttRp199 (dp200 g8 g9 ((ltRp201 sg15 g167 sbag2 (g3 g4 (g166 S'Inserted' p202 ttRp203 (dp204 g8 g9 ((ltRp205 sg15 g167 sbag2 (g3 g4 (g166 S'Strong' p206 ttRp207 (dp208 g8 g9 ((ltRp209 sg15 g167 sbag170 atRp210 sg206 g207 sg202 g203 sg198 g199 sbsS'Text' p211 g2 (g3 g4 (g211 ttRp212 (dp213 g8 g9 ((lp214 g2 (g3 g4 (g211 S'Symbol' p215 ttRp216 (dp217 g8 g9 ((ltRp218 sg15 g212 sbag2 (g3 g4 (g211 S'Whitespace' p219 ttRp220 (dp221 g8 g9 ((ltRp222 sg15 g212 sbatRp223 sg215 g216 sg219 g220 sg15 g17 sbsg5 g6 sS'Token' p224 g17 sS'Number' p225 g2 (g3 g4 (S'Literal' p226 g225 ttRp227 (dp228 S'Bin' p229 g2 (g3 g4 (g226 g225 g229 ttRp230 (dp231 g8 g9 ((ltRp232 sg15 g227 sbsS'Binary' p233 g2 (g3 g4 (g226 g225 g233 ttRp234 (dp235 g8 g9 ((ltRp236 sg15 g227 sbsg15 g2 (g3 g4 (g226 ttRp237 (dp238 S'String' p239 g2 (g3 g4 (g226 g239 ttRp240 (dp241 S'Regex' p242 g2 (g3 g4 (g226 g239 g242 ttRp243 (dp244 g8 g9 ((ltRp245 sg15 g240 sbsS'Interpol' p246 g2 (g3 g4 (g226 g239 g246 ttRp247 (dp248 g8 g9 ((ltRp249 sg15 g240 sbsS'Regexp' p250 g2 (g3 g4 (g226 g239 g250 ttRp251 (dp252 g8 g9 ((ltRp253 sg15 g240 sbsg15 g237 sS'Heredoc' p254 g2 (g3 g4 (g226 g239 g254 ttRp255 (dp256 g8 g9 ((ltRp257 sg15 g240 sbsS'Double' p258 g2 (g3 g4 (g226 g239 g258 ttRp259 (dp260 g8 g9 ((ltRp261 sg15 g240 sbsg215 g2 (g3 g4 (g226 g239 g215 ttRp262 (dp263 g8 g9 ((ltRp264 sg15 g240 sbsS'Escape' p265 g2 (g3 g4 (g226 g239 g265 ttRp266 (dp267 g8 g9 ((ltRp268 sg15 g240 sbsS'Character' p269 g2 (g3 g4 (g226 g239 g269 ttRp270 (dp271 g8 g9 ((ltRp272 sg15 g240 sbsS'Interp' p273 g2 (g3 g4 (g226 g239 g273 ttRp274 (dp275 g8 g9 ((ltRp276 sg15 g240 sbsS'Backtick' p277 g2 (g3 g4 (g226 g239 g277 ttRp278 (dp279 g8 g9 ((ltRp280 sg15 g240 sbsS'Char' p281 g2 (g3 g4 (g226 g239 g281 ttRp282 (dp283 g8 g9 ((ltRp284 sg15 g240 sbsg26 g2 (g3 g4 (g226 g239 g26 ttRp285 (dp286 g8 g9 ((ltRp287 sg15 g240 sbsg87 g2 (g3 g4 (g226 g239 g87 ttRp288 (dp289 g8 g9 ((ltRp290 sg15 g240 sbsS'Doc' p291 g2 (g3 g4 (g226 g239 g291 ttRp292 (dp293 g8 g9 ((ltRp294 sg15 g240 sbsg8 g9 ((lp295 g288 ag2 (g3 g4 (g226 g239 S'Atom' p296 ttRp297 (dp298 g8 g9 ((ltRp299 sg15 g240 sbag259 ag282 ag274 ag292 ag255 ag278 ag247 ag262 ag251 ag243 ag285 ag270 ag266 atRp300 sg296 g297 sbsg15 g17 sg225 g227 sS'Scalar' p301 g2 (g3 g4 (g226 g301 ttRp302 (dp303 g8 g9 ((lp304 g2 (g3 g4 (g226 g301 S'Plain' p305 ttRp306 (dp307 g8 g9 ((ltRp308 sg15 g302 sbatRp309 sg15 g237 sg305 g306 sbsg87 g2 (g3 g4 (g226 g87 ttRp310 (dp311 g8 g9 ((ltRp312 sg15 g237 sbsS'Date' p313 g2 (g3 g4 (g226 g313 ttRp314 (dp315 g8 g9 ((ltRp316 sg15 g237 sbsg8 g9 ((lp317 g314 ag240 ag310 ag227 ag302 atRp318 sbsS'Decimal' p319 g2 (g3 g4 (g226 g225 g319 ttRp320 (dp321 g8 g9 ((ltRp322 sg15 g227 sbsS'Float' p323 g2 (g3 g4 (g226 g225 g323 ttRp324 (dp325 g8 g9 ((ltRp326 sg15 g227 sbsS'Hex' p327 g2 (g3 g4 (g226 g225 g327 ttRp328 (dp329 g8 g9 ((ltRp330 sg15 g227 sbsS'Integer' p331 g2 (g3 g4 (g226 g225 g331 ttRp332 (dp333 g8 g9 ((lp334 g2 (g3 g4 (g226 g225 g331 S'Long' p335 ttRp336 (dp337 g8 g9 ((ltRp338 sg15 g332 sbatRp339 sg335 g336 sg15 g227 sbsS'Octal' p340 g2 (g3 g4 (g226 g225 g340 ttRp341 (dp342 g8 g9 ((ltRp343 sg15 g227 sbsg8 g9 ((lp344 g230 ag234 ag341 ag320 ag2 (g3 g4 (g226 g225 S'Oct' p345 ttRp346 (dp347 g8 g9 ((ltRp348 sg15 g227 sbag332 ag324 ag328 atRp349 sg345 g346 sbsg226 g237 sg87 g2 (g3 g4 (g87 ttRp350 (dp351 g8 g9 ((ltRp352 sg15 g17 sbsg193 g2 (g3 g4 (g193 ttRp353 (dp354 g8 g9 ((ltRp355 sg15 g17 sbsS'Operator' p356 g2 (g3 g4 (g356 ttRp357 (dp358 g8 g9 ((lp359 g2 (g3 g4 (g356 S'Word' p360 ttRp361 (dp362 g8 g9 ((ltRp363 sg15 g357 sbatRp364 sg360 g361 sg15 g17 sbsg8 g9 ((lp365 g20 ag353 ag167 ag212 ag41 ag6 ag134 ag237 ag357 ag350 atRp366 sg239 g240 sbsbV. tp367 a(g20 V\u005c" Automatically generated by Pod::Man v1.37, Pod::Parser v1.32 p368 tp369 a(g212 V\u000a tp370 a(g6 V. tp371 a(g20 V\u005c" p372 tp373 a(g212 V\u000a tp374 a(g6 V. tp375 a(g20 V\u005c" Standard preamble: p376 tp377 a(g212 V\u000a tp378 a(g6 V. tp379 a(g20 V\u005c" ======================================================================== p380 tp381 a(g212 V\u000a tp382 a(g212 V. tp383 a(g134 Vde p384 tp385 a(g212 V tp386 a(g240 VSh p387 tp388 a(g212 V tp389 a(g20 V\u005c" Subsection heading p390 tp391 a(g212 V\u000a tp392 a(g212 V. tp393 a(g134 Vbr p394 tp395 a(g212 V\u000a tp396 a(g212 V. tp397 a(g134 Vif p398 tp399 a(g212 V tp400 a(g240 Vt tp401 a(g212 V tp402 a(g240 V.Sp p403 tp404 a(g212 V\u000a tp405 a(g212 V. tp406 a(g134 Vne p407 tp408 a(g212 V tp409 a(g227 V5 tp410 a(g212 V\u000a tp411 a(g212 V. tp412 a(g134 VPP p413 tp414 a(g212 V\u000a tp415 a(g212 V tp416 a(g266 V\u005cfB p417 tp418 a(g266 V\u005c\u005c p419 tp420 a(g212 V$1 p421 tp422 a(g266 V\u005cfR p423 tp424 a(g212 V\u000a tp425 a(g212 V. tp426 a(g134 VPP p427 tp428 a(g212 V\u000a tp429 a(g6 V. tp430 a(g240 V. tp431 a(g212 V\u000a tp432 a(g212 V. tp433 a(g134 Vde p434 tp435 a(g212 V tp436 a(g240 VSp p437 tp438 a(g212 V tp439 a(g20 V\u005c" Vertical space (when we can't use .PP) p440 tp441 a(g212 V\u000a tp442 a(g212 V. tp443 a(g134 Vif p444 tp445 a(g212 V tp446 a(g240 Vt tp447 a(g212 V tp448 a(g240 V.sp p449 tp450 a(g212 V tp451 a(g240 V.5v p452 tp453 a(g212 V\u000a tp454 a(g212 V. tp455 a(g134 Vif p456 tp457 a(g212 V tp458 a(g240 Vn tp459 a(g212 V tp460 a(g240 V.sp p461 tp462 a(g212 V\u000a tp463 a(g6 V. tp464 a(g240 V. tp465 a(g212 V\u000a tp466 a(g212 V. tp467 a(g134 Vde p468 tp469 a(g212 V tp470 a(g240 VVb p471 tp472 a(g212 V tp473 a(g20 V\u005c" Begin verbatim text p474 tp475 a(g212 V\u000a tp476 a(g212 V. tp477 a(g134 Vft p478 tp479 a(g212 V tp480 a(g240 VCW p481 tp482 a(g212 V\u000a tp483 a(g212 V. tp484 a(g134 Vnf p485 tp486 a(g212 V\u000a tp487 a(g212 V. tp488 a(g134 Vne p489 tp490 a(g212 V tp491 a(g266 V\u005c\u005c p492 tp493 a(g240 V$1 p494 tp495 a(g212 V\u000a tp496 a(g6 V. tp497 a(g240 V. tp498 a(g212 V\u000a tp499 a(g212 V. tp500 a(g134 Vde p501 tp502 a(g212 V tp503 a(g240 VVe p504 tp505 a(g212 V tp506 a(g20 V\u005c" End verbatim text p507 tp508 a(g212 V\u000a tp509 a(g212 V. tp510 a(g134 Vft p511 tp512 a(g212 V tp513 a(g240 VR tp514 a(g212 V\u000a tp515 a(g212 V. tp516 a(g134 Vfi p517 tp518 a(g212 V\u000a tp519 a(g6 V. tp520 a(g240 V. tp521 a(g212 V\u000a tp522 a(g6 V. tp523 a(g20 V\u005c" Set up some character translations and predefined strings. \u005c*(-- will p524 tp525 a(g212 V\u000a tp526 a(g6 V. tp527 a(g20 V\u005c" give an unbreakable dash, \u005c*(PI will give pi, \u005c*(L" will give a left p528 tp529 a(g212 V\u000a tp530 a(g6 V. tp531 a(g20 V\u005c" double quote, and \u005c*(R" will give a right double quote. | will give a p532 tp533 a(g212 V\u000a tp534 a(g6 V. tp535 a(g20 V\u005c" real vertical bar. \u005c*(C+ will give a nicer C++. Capital omega is used to p536 tp537 a(g212 V\u000a tp538 a(g6 V. tp539 a(g20 V\u005c" do unbreakable dashes and therefore won't be available. \u005c*(C` and \u005c*(C' p540 tp541 a(g212 V\u000a tp542 a(g6 V. tp543 a(g20 V\u005c" expand to `' in nroff, nothing in troff, for use with C<>. p544 tp545 a(g212 V\u000a tp546 a(g212 V. tp547 a(g134 Vtr p548 tp549 a(g212 V tp550 a(g266 V\u005c(*W p551 tp552 a(g240 V-|\u005c(bv\u005c*(Tr p553 tp554 a(g212 V\u000a tp555 a(g212 V. tp556 a(g134 Vds p557 tp558 a(g212 V tp559 a(g240 VC+ p560 tp561 a(g212 V tp562 a(g240 VC\u005cv'-.1v'\u005ch'-1p'\u005cs-2+\u005ch'-1p'+\u005cs0\u005cv'.1v'\u005ch'-1p' p563 tp564 a(g212 V\u000a tp565 a(g212 V. tp566 a(g134 Vie p567 tp568 a(g212 V tp569 a(g240 Vn tp570 a(g212 V tp571 a(g266 V\u005c{ p572 tp573 a(g212 V\u005c\u000a p574 tp575 a(g240 V. tp576 a(g212 V p577 tp578 a(g240 Vds p579 tp580 a(g212 V tp581 a(g240 V-- p582 tp583 a(g212 V tp584 a(g266 V\u005c(*W p585 tp586 a(g240 V- tp587 a(g212 V\u000a tp588 a(g240 V. tp589 a(g212 V p590 tp591 a(g240 Vds p592 tp593 a(g212 V tp594 a(g240 VPI p595 tp596 a(g212 V tp597 a(g240 Vpi p598 tp599 a(g212 V\u000a tp600 a(g6 V. tp601 a(g212 V p602 tp603 a(g240 Vif p604 tp605 a(g212 V tp606 a(g240 V(\u005cn(.H=4u)&(1m=24u) p607 tp608 a(g212 V tp609 a(g240 V.ds p610 tp611 a(g212 V tp612 a(g240 V-- p613 tp614 a(g212 V tp615 a(g266 V\u005c(*W p616 tp617 a(g266 V\u005ch p618 tp619 a(g240 V'-12u'\u005c(*W\u005ch'-12u'-\u005c" p620 tp621 a(g212 V tp622 a(g240 Vdiablo p623 tp624 a(g212 V tp625 a(g227 V10 p626 tp627 a(g212 V tp628 a(g240 Vpitch p629 tp630 a(g212 V\u000a tp631 a(g6 V. tp632 a(g212 V p633 tp634 a(g240 Vif p635 tp636 a(g212 V tp637 a(g240 V(\u005cn(.H=4u)&(1m=20u) p638 tp639 a(g212 V tp640 a(g240 V.ds p641 tp642 a(g212 V tp643 a(g240 V-- p644 tp645 a(g212 V tp646 a(g266 V\u005c(*W p647 tp648 a(g266 V\u005ch p649 tp650 a(g240 V'-12u'\u005c(*W\u005ch'-8u'-\u005c" p651 tp652 a(g212 V p653 tp654 a(g240 Vdiablo p655 tp656 a(g212 V tp657 a(g227 V12 p658 tp659 a(g212 V tp660 a(g240 Vpitch p661 tp662 a(g212 V\u000a tp663 a(g6 V. tp664 a(g212 V p665 tp666 a(g240 Vds p667 tp668 a(g212 V tp669 a(g240 VL" p670 tp671 a(g212 V tp672 a(g240 V"" p673 tp674 a(g212 V\u000a tp675 a(g6 V. tp676 a(g212 V p677 tp678 a(g240 Vds p679 tp680 a(g212 V tp681 a(g240 VR" p682 tp683 a(g212 V tp684 a(g240 V"" p685 tp686 a(g212 V\u000a tp687 a(g6 V. tp688 a(g212 V p689 tp690 a(g240 Vds p691 tp692 a(g212 V tp693 a(g240 VC` p694 tp695 a(g212 V tp696 a(g240 V"" p697 tp698 a(g212 V\u000a tp699 a(g6 V. tp700 a(g212 V p701 tp702 a(g240 Vds p703 tp704 a(g212 V tp705 a(g240 VC' p706 tp707 a(g212 V tp708 a(g240 V"" p709 tp710 a(g212 V\u000a tp711 a(g212 V'br p712 tp713 a(g266 V\u005c} p714 tp715 a(g212 V\u000a tp716 a(g212 V. tp717 a(g134 Vel p718 tp719 a(g266 V\u005c{ p720 tp721 a(g212 V\u005c\u000a p722 tp723 a(g240 V. tp724 a(g212 V p725 tp726 a(g240 Vds p727 tp728 a(g212 V tp729 a(g240 V-- p730 tp731 a(g212 V tp732 a(g266 V\u005c| p733 tp734 a(g266 V\u005c(em p735 tp736 a(g266 V\u005c| p737 tp738 a(g212 V\u000a tp739 a(g240 V. tp740 a(g212 V p741 tp742 a(g240 Vds p743 tp744 a(g212 V tp745 a(g240 VPI p746 tp747 a(g212 V tp748 a(g266 V\u005c(*p p749 tp750 a(g212 V\u000a tp751 a(g6 V. tp752 a(g212 V p753 tp754 a(g240 Vds p755 tp756 a(g212 V tp757 a(g240 VL" p758 tp759 a(g212 V tp760 a(g240 V`` p761 tp762 a(g212 V\u000a tp763 a(g6 V. tp764 a(g212 V p765 tp766 a(g240 Vds p767 tp768 a(g212 V tp769 a(g240 VR" p770 tp771 a(g212 V tp772 a(g240 V'' p773 tp774 a(g212 V\u000a tp775 a(g212 V'br p776 tp777 a(g266 V\u005c} p778 tp779 a(g212 V\u000a tp780 a(g6 V. tp781 a(g20 V\u005c" p782 tp783 a(g212 V\u000a tp784 a(g6 V. tp785 a(g20 V\u005c" If the F register is turned on, we'll generate index entries on stderr for p786 tp787 a(g212 V\u000a tp788 a(g6 V. tp789 a(g20 V\u005c" titles (.TH), headers (.SH), subsections (.Sh), items (.Ip), and index p790 tp791 a(g212 V\u000a tp792 a(g6 V. tp793 a(g20 V\u005c" entries marked with X<> in POD. Of course, you'll have to process the p794 tp795 a(g212 V\u000a tp796 a(g6 V. tp797 a(g20 V\u005c" output yourself in some meaningful fashion. p798 tp799 a(g212 V\u000a tp800 a(g212 V. tp801 a(g134 Vif p802 tp803 a(g212 V tp804 a(g266 V\u005cnF p805 tp806 a(g212 V tp807 a(g266 V\u005c{ p808 tp809 a(g212 V\u005c\u000a p810 tp811 a(g240 V. tp812 a(g212 V p813 tp814 a(g240 Vde p815 tp816 a(g212 V tp817 a(g240 VIX p818 tp819 a(g212 V\u000a tp820 a(g240 V. tp821 a(g212 V p822 tp823 a(g240 Vtm p824 tp825 a(g212 V tp826 a(g240 VIndex:\u005c\u005c$1\u005ct\u005c\u005cn%\u005ct"\u005c\u005c$2" p827 tp828 a(g212 V\u000a tp829 a(g6 V. tp830 a(g240 V. tp831 a(g212 V\u000a tp832 a(g6 V. tp833 a(g212 V p834 tp835 a(g240 Vnr p836 tp837 a(g212 V tp838 a(g240 V% tp839 a(g212 V tp840 a(g227 V0 tp841 a(g212 V\u000a tp842 a(g6 V. tp843 a(g212 V p844 tp845 a(g240 Vrr p846 tp847 a(g212 V tp848 a(g240 VF tp849 a(g212 V\u000a tp850 a(g6 V. tp851 a(g266 V\u005c} p852 tp853 a(g212 V\u000a tp854 a(g6 V. tp855 a(g20 V\u005c" p856 tp857 a(g212 V\u000a tp858 a(g6 V. tp859 a(g20 V\u005c" For nroff, turn off justification. Always turn off hyphenation; it makes p860 tp861 a(g212 V\u000a tp862 a(g6 V. tp863 a(g20 V\u005c" way too many mistakes in technical documents. p864 tp865 a(g212 V\u000a tp866 a(g212 V. tp867 a(g134 Vhy p868 tp869 a(g212 V tp870 a(g227 V0 tp871 a(g212 V\u000a tp872 a(g212 V. tp873 a(g134 Vif p874 tp875 a(g212 V tp876 a(g240 Vn tp877 a(g212 V tp878 a(g240 V.na p879 tp880 a(g212 V\u000a tp881 a(g6 V. tp882 a(g20 V\u005c" p883 tp884 a(g212 V\u000a tp885 a(g6 V. tp886 a(g20 V\u005c" Accent mark definitions (@(#)ms.acc 1.5 88/02/08 SMI; from UCB 4.2). p887 tp888 a(g212 V\u000a tp889 a(g6 V. tp890 a(g20 V\u005c" Fear. Run. Save yourself. No user-serviceable parts. p891 tp892 a(g212 V\u000a tp893 a(g6 V. tp894 a(g212 V p895 tp896 a(g20 V\u005c" fudge factors for nroff and troff p897 tp898 a(g212 V\u000a tp899 a(g212 V. tp900 a(g134 Vif p901 tp902 a(g212 V tp903 a(g240 Vn tp904 a(g212 V tp905 a(g266 V\u005c{ p906 tp907 a(g212 V\u005c\u000a p908 tp909 a(g240 V. tp910 a(g212 V p911 tp912 a(g240 Vds p913 tp914 a(g212 V tp915 a(g240 V#H p916 tp917 a(g212 V tp918 a(g227 V0 tp919 a(g212 V\u000a tp920 a(g240 V. tp921 a(g212 V p922 tp923 a(g240 Vds p924 tp925 a(g212 V tp926 a(g240 V#V p927 tp928 a(g212 V tp929 a(g240 V.8m p930 tp931 a(g212 V\u000a tp932 a(g6 V. tp933 a(g212 V p934 tp935 a(g240 Vds p936 tp937 a(g212 V tp938 a(g240 V#F p939 tp940 a(g212 V tp941 a(g240 V.3m p942 tp943 a(g212 V\u000a tp944 a(g6 V. tp945 a(g212 V p946 tp947 a(g240 Vds p948 tp949 a(g212 V tp950 a(g240 V#[ p951 tp952 a(g212 V tp953 a(g266 V\u005cf1 p954 tp955 a(g212 V\u000a tp956 a(g6 V. tp957 a(g212 V p958 tp959 a(g240 Vds p960 tp961 a(g212 V tp962 a(g240 V#] p963 tp964 a(g212 V tp965 a(g266 V\u005cfP p966 tp967 a(g212 V\u000a tp968 a(g6 V. tp969 a(g266 V\u005c} p970 tp971 a(g212 V\u000a tp972 a(g212 V. tp973 a(g134 Vif p974 tp975 a(g212 V tp976 a(g240 Vt tp977 a(g212 V tp978 a(g266 V\u005c{ p979 tp980 a(g212 V\u005c\u000a p981 tp982 a(g240 V. tp983 a(g212 V p984 tp985 a(g240 Vds p986 tp987 a(g212 V tp988 a(g240 V#H p989 tp990 a(g212 V tp991 a(g240 V((1u-(\u005c\u005c\u005c\u005cn(.fu%2u))*.13m) p992 tp993 a(g212 V\u000a tp994 a(g240 V. tp995 a(g212 V p996 tp997 a(g240 Vds p998 tp999 a(g212 V tp1000 a(g240 V#V p1001 tp1002 a(g212 V tp1003 a(g240 V.6m p1004 tp1005 a(g212 V\u000a tp1006 a(g6 V. tp1007 a(g212 V p1008 tp1009 a(g240 Vds p1010 tp1011 a(g212 V tp1012 a(g240 V#F p1013 tp1014 a(g212 V tp1015 a(g227 V0 tp1016 a(g212 V\u000a tp1017 a(g6 V. tp1018 a(g212 V p1019 tp1020 a(g240 Vds p1021 tp1022 a(g212 V tp1023 a(g240 V#[ p1024 tp1025 a(g212 V tp1026 a(g266 V\u005c& p1027 tp1028 a(g212 V\u000a tp1029 a(g6 V. tp1030 a(g212 V p1031 tp1032 a(g240 Vds p1033 tp1034 a(g212 V tp1035 a(g240 V#] p1036 tp1037 a(g212 V tp1038 a(g266 V\u005c& p1039 tp1040 a(g212 V\u000a tp1041 a(g6 V. tp1042 a(g266 V\u005c} p1043 tp1044 a(g212 V\u000a tp1045 a(g6 V. tp1046 a(g212 V p1047 tp1048 a(g20 V\u005c" simple accents for nroff and troff p1049 tp1050 a(g212 V\u000a tp1051 a(g212 V. tp1052 a(g134 Vif p1053 tp1054 a(g212 V tp1055 a(g240 Vn tp1056 a(g212 V tp1057 a(g266 V\u005c{ p1058 tp1059 a(g212 V\u005c\u000a p1060 tp1061 a(g240 V. tp1062 a(g212 V p1063 tp1064 a(g240 Vds p1065 tp1066 a(g212 V tp1067 a(g240 V' tp1068 a(g212 V tp1069 a(g266 V\u005c& p1070 tp1071 a(g212 V\u000a tp1072 a(g240 V. tp1073 a(g212 V p1074 tp1075 a(g240 Vds p1076 tp1077 a(g212 V tp1078 a(g240 V` tp1079 a(g212 V tp1080 a(g266 V\u005c& p1081 tp1082 a(g212 V\u000a tp1083 a(g6 V. tp1084 a(g212 V p1085 tp1086 a(g240 Vds p1087 tp1088 a(g212 V tp1089 a(g240 V^ tp1090 a(g212 V tp1091 a(g266 V\u005c& p1092 tp1093 a(g212 V\u000a tp1094 a(g6 V. tp1095 a(g212 V p1096 tp1097 a(g240 Vds p1098 tp1099 a(g212 V tp1100 a(g240 V, tp1101 a(g212 V tp1102 a(g266 V\u005c& p1103 tp1104 a(g212 V\u000a tp1105 a(g6 V. tp1106 a(g212 V p1107 tp1108 a(g240 Vds p1109 tp1110 a(g212 V tp1111 a(g240 V~ tp1112 a(g212 V tp1113 a(g240 V~ tp1114 a(g212 V\u000a tp1115 a(g6 V. tp1116 a(g212 V p1117 tp1118 a(g240 Vds p1119 tp1120 a(g212 V tp1121 a(g240 V/ tp1122 a(g212 V\u000a tp1123 a(g6 V. tp1124 a(g266 V\u005c} p1125 tp1126 a(g212 V\u000a tp1127 a(g212 V. tp1128 a(g134 Vif p1129 tp1130 a(g212 V tp1131 a(g240 Vt tp1132 a(g212 V tp1133 a(g266 V\u005c{ p1134 tp1135 a(g212 V\u005c\u000a p1136 tp1137 a(g240 V. tp1138 a(g212 V p1139 tp1140 a(g240 Vds p1141 tp1142 a(g212 V tp1143 a(g240 V' tp1144 a(g212 V tp1145 a(g266 V\u005c\u005c p1146 tp1147 a(g240 Vk:\u005ch'-(\u005c\u005cn(.wu*8/10-\u005c*(#H)'\u005c'\u005ch"|\u005c\u005cn:u" p1148 tp1149 a(g212 V\u000a tp1150 a(g240 V. tp1151 a(g212 V p1152 tp1153 a(g240 Vds p1154 tp1155 a(g212 V tp1156 a(g240 V` tp1157 a(g212 V tp1158 a(g266 V\u005c\u005c p1159 tp1160 a(g240 Vk:\u005ch'-(\u005c\u005cn(.wu*8/10-\u005c*(#H)'\u005c`\u005ch'|\u005c\u005cn:u' p1161 tp1162 a(g212 V\u000a tp1163 a(g6 V. tp1164 a(g212 V p1165 tp1166 a(g240 Vds p1167 tp1168 a(g212 V tp1169 a(g240 V^ tp1170 a(g212 V tp1171 a(g266 V\u005c\u005c p1172 tp1173 a(g240 Vk:\u005ch'-(\u005c\u005cn(.wu*10/11-\u005c*(#H)'^\u005ch'|\u005c\u005cn:u' p1174 tp1175 a(g212 V\u000a tp1176 a(g6 V. tp1177 a(g212 V p1178 tp1179 a(g240 Vds p1180 tp1181 a(g212 V tp1182 a(g240 V, tp1183 a(g212 V tp1184 a(g266 V\u005c\u005c p1185 tp1186 a(g240 Vk:\u005ch'-(\u005c\u005cn(.wu*8/10)',\u005ch'|\u005c\u005cn:u' p1187 tp1188 a(g212 V\u000a tp1189 a(g6 V. tp1190 a(g212 V p1191 tp1192 a(g240 Vds p1193 tp1194 a(g212 V tp1195 a(g240 V~ tp1196 a(g212 V tp1197 a(g266 V\u005c\u005c p1198 tp1199 a(g240 Vk:\u005ch'-(\u005c\u005cn(.wu-\u005c*(#H-.1m)'~\u005ch'|\u005c\u005cn:u' p1200 tp1201 a(g212 V\u000a tp1202 a(g6 V. tp1203 a(g212 V p1204 tp1205 a(g240 Vds p1206 tp1207 a(g212 V tp1208 a(g240 V/ tp1209 a(g212 V tp1210 a(g266 V\u005c\u005c p1211 tp1212 a(g240 Vk:\u005ch'-(\u005c\u005cn(.wu*8/10-\u005c*(#H)'\u005cz\u005c(sl\u005ch'|\u005c\u005cn:u' p1213 tp1214 a(g212 V\u000a tp1215 a(g6 V. tp1216 a(g266 V\u005c} p1217 tp1218 a(g212 V\u000a tp1219 a(g6 V. tp1220 a(g212 V p1221 tp1222 a(g20 V\u005c" troff and (daisy-wheel) nroff accents p1223 tp1224 a(g212 V\u000a tp1225 a(g212 V. tp1226 a(g134 Vds p1227 tp1228 a(g212 V tp1229 a(g240 V: tp1230 a(g212 V tp1231 a(g266 V\u005c\u005c p1232 tp1233 a(g240 Vk:\u005ch'-(\u005c\u005cn(.wu*8/10-\u005c*(#H+.1m+\u005c*(#F)'\u005cv'-\u005c*(#V'\u005cz.\u005ch'.2m+\u005c*(#F'.\u005ch'|\u005c\u005cn:u'\u005cv'\u005c*(#V' p1234 tp1235 a(g212 V\u000a tp1236 a(g212 V. tp1237 a(g134 Vds p1238 tp1239 a(g212 V tp1240 a(g227 V8 tp1241 a(g212 V tp1242 a(g266 V\u005ch p1243 tp1244 a(g240 V'\u005c*(#H'\u005c(*b\u005ch'-\u005c*(#H' p1245 tp1246 a(g212 V\u000a tp1247 a(g212 V. tp1248 a(g134 Vds p1249 tp1250 a(g212 V tp1251 a(g240 Vo tp1252 a(g212 V tp1253 a(g266 V\u005c\u005c p1254 tp1255 a(g240 Vk:\u005ch'-(\u005c\u005cn(.wu+\u005cw'\u005c(de'u-\u005c*(#H)/2u'\u005cv'-.3n'\u005c*(#[\u005cz\u005c(de\u005cv'.3n'\u005ch'|\u005c\u005cn:u'\u005c*(#] p1256 tp1257 a(g212 V\u000a tp1258 a(g212 V. tp1259 a(g134 Vds p1260 tp1261 a(g212 V tp1262 a(g240 Vd- p1263 tp1264 a(g212 V tp1265 a(g266 V\u005ch p1266 tp1267 a(g240 V'\u005c*(#H'\u005c(pd\u005ch'-\u005cw'~'u'\u005cv'-.25m'\u005cf2\u005c(hy\u005cfP\u005cv'.25m'\u005ch'-\u005c*(#H' p1268 tp1269 a(g212 V\u000a tp1270 a(g212 V. tp1271 a(g134 Vds p1272 tp1273 a(g212 V tp1274 a(g240 VD- p1275 tp1276 a(g212 V tp1277 a(g240 VD\u005c\u005ck:\u005ch'-\u005cw'D'u'\u005cv'-.11m'\u005cz\u005c(hy\u005cv'.11m'\u005ch'|\u005c\u005cn:u' p1278 tp1279 a(g212 V\u000a tp1280 a(g212 V. tp1281 a(g134 Vds p1282 tp1283 a(g212 V tp1284 a(g240 Vth p1285 tp1286 a(g212 V tp1287 a(g266 V\u005c* p1288 tp1289 a(g240 V(#[\u005cv'.3m'\u005cs+1I\u005cs-1\u005cv'-.3m'\u005ch'-(\u005cw'I'u*2/3)'\u005cs-1o\u005cs+1\u005c*(#] p1290 tp1291 a(g212 V\u000a tp1292 a(g212 V. tp1293 a(g134 Vds p1294 tp1295 a(g212 V tp1296 a(g240 VTh p1297 tp1298 a(g212 V tp1299 a(g266 V\u005c* p1300 tp1301 a(g240 V(#[\u005cs+2I\u005cs-2\u005ch'-\u005cw'I'u*3/5'\u005cv'-.3m'o\u005cv'.3m'\u005c*(#] p1302 tp1303 a(g212 V\u000a tp1304 a(g212 V. tp1305 a(g134 Vds p1306 tp1307 a(g212 V tp1308 a(g240 Vae p1309 tp1310 a(g212 V tp1311 a(g240 Va\u005ch'-(\u005cw'a'u*4/10)'e p1312 tp1313 a(g212 V\u000a tp1314 a(g212 V. tp1315 a(g134 Vds p1316 tp1317 a(g212 V tp1318 a(g240 VAe p1319 tp1320 a(g212 V tp1321 a(g240 VA\u005ch'-(\u005cw'A'u*4/10)'E p1322 tp1323 a(g212 V\u000a tp1324 a(g6 V. tp1325 a(g212 V p1326 tp1327 a(g20 V\u005c" corrections for vroff p1328 tp1329 a(g212 V\u000a tp1330 a(g212 V. tp1331 a(g134 Vif p1332 tp1333 a(g212 V tp1334 a(g240 Vv tp1335 a(g212 V tp1336 a(g240 V.ds p1337 tp1338 a(g212 V tp1339 a(g240 V~ tp1340 a(g212 V tp1341 a(g266 V\u005c\u005c p1342 tp1343 a(g240 Vk:\u005ch'-(\u005c\u005cn(.wu*9/10-\u005c*(#H)'\u005cs-2\u005cu~\u005cd\u005cs+2\u005ch'|\u005c\u005cn:u' p1344 tp1345 a(g212 V\u000a tp1346 a(g212 V. tp1347 a(g134 Vif p1348 tp1349 a(g212 V tp1350 a(g240 Vv tp1351 a(g212 V tp1352 a(g240 V.ds p1353 tp1354 a(g212 V tp1355 a(g240 V^ tp1356 a(g212 V tp1357 a(g266 V\u005c\u005c p1358 tp1359 a(g240 Vk:\u005ch'-(\u005c\u005cn(.wu*10/11-\u005c*(#H)'\u005cv'-.4m'^\u005cv'.4m'\u005ch'|\u005c\u005cn:u' p1360 tp1361 a(g212 V\u000a tp1362 a(g6 V. tp1363 a(g212 V p1364 tp1365 a(g20 V\u005c" for low resolution devices (crt and lpr) p1366 tp1367 a(g212 V\u000a tp1368 a(g212 V. tp1369 a(g134 Vif p1370 tp1371 a(g212 V tp1372 a(g266 V\u005cn p1373 tp1374 a(g240 V(.H>23 p1375 tp1376 a(g212 V tp1377 a(g240 V.if p1378 tp1379 a(g212 V tp1380 a(g266 V\u005cn p1381 tp1382 a(g240 V(.V>19 p1383 tp1384 a(g212 V tp1385 a(g212 V\u005c\u000a p1386 tp1387 a(g266 V\u005c{ p1388 tp1389 a(g212 V\u005c\u000a p1390 tp1391 a(g240 V. tp1392 a(g212 V p1393 tp1394 a(g240 Vds p1395 tp1396 a(g212 V tp1397 a(g240 V: tp1398 a(g212 V tp1399 a(g240 Ve tp1400 a(g212 V\u000a tp1401 a(g240 V. tp1402 a(g212 V p1403 tp1404 a(g240 Vds p1405 tp1406 a(g212 V tp1407 a(g227 V8 tp1408 a(g212 V tp1409 a(g240 Vss p1410 tp1411 a(g212 V\u000a tp1412 a(g240 V. tp1413 a(g212 V p1414 tp1415 a(g240 Vds p1416 tp1417 a(g212 V tp1418 a(g240 Vo tp1419 a(g212 V tp1420 a(g240 Va tp1421 a(g212 V\u000a tp1422 a(g6 V. tp1423 a(g212 V p1424 tp1425 a(g240 Vds p1426 tp1427 a(g212 V tp1428 a(g240 Vd- p1429 tp1430 a(g212 V tp1431 a(g240 Vd\u005ch'-1'\u005c(ga p1432 tp1433 a(g212 V\u000a tp1434 a(g6 V. tp1435 a(g212 V p1436 tp1437 a(g240 Vds p1438 tp1439 a(g212 V tp1440 a(g240 VD- p1441 tp1442 a(g212 V tp1443 a(g240 VD\u005ch'-1'\u005c(hy p1444 tp1445 a(g212 V\u000a tp1446 a(g6 V. tp1447 a(g212 V p1448 tp1449 a(g240 Vds p1450 tp1451 a(g212 V tp1452 a(g240 Vth p1453 tp1454 a(g212 V tp1455 a(g266 V\u005co p1456 tp1457 a(g240 V'bp' p1458 tp1459 a(g212 V\u000a tp1460 a(g6 V. tp1461 a(g212 V p1462 tp1463 a(g240 Vds p1464 tp1465 a(g212 V tp1466 a(g240 VTh p1467 tp1468 a(g212 V tp1469 a(g266 V\u005co p1470 tp1471 a(g240 V'LP' p1472 tp1473 a(g212 V\u000a tp1474 a(g6 V. tp1475 a(g212 V p1476 tp1477 a(g240 Vds p1478 tp1479 a(g212 V tp1480 a(g240 Vae p1481 tp1482 a(g212 V tp1483 a(g240 Vae p1484 tp1485 a(g212 V\u000a tp1486 a(g6 V. tp1487 a(g212 V p1488 tp1489 a(g240 Vds p1490 tp1491 a(g212 V tp1492 a(g240 VAe p1493 tp1494 a(g212 V tp1495 a(g240 VAE p1496 tp1497 a(g212 V\u000a tp1498 a(g6 V. tp1499 a(g266 V\u005c} p1500 tp1501 a(g212 V\u000a tp1502 a(g212 V. tp1503 a(g134 Vrm p1504 tp1505 a(g212 V tp1506 a(g240 V#[ p1507 tp1508 a(g212 V tp1509 a(g240 V#] p1510 tp1511 a(g212 V tp1512 a(g240 V#H p1513 tp1514 a(g212 V tp1515 a(g240 V#V p1516 tp1517 a(g212 V tp1518 a(g240 V#F p1519 tp1520 a(g212 V tp1521 a(g240 VC tp1522 a(g212 V\u000a tp1523 a(g6 V. tp1524 a(g20 V\u005c" ======================================================================== p1525 tp1526 a(g212 V\u000a tp1527 a(g6 V. tp1528 a(g20 V\u005c" p1529 tp1530 a(g212 V\u000a tp1531 a(g212 V. tp1532 a(g134 VIX p1533 tp1534 a(g212 V tp1535 a(g240 VTitle p1536 tp1537 a(g212 V tp1538 a(g259 V"PERLFUNC 1" p1539 tp1540 a(g212 V\u000a tp1541 a(g212 V. tp1542 a(g134 VTH p1543 tp1544 a(g212 V tp1545 a(g240 VPERLFUNC p1546 tp1547 a(g212 V tp1548 a(g227 V1 tp1549 a(g212 V tp1550 a(g259 V"2006-01-07" p1551 tp1552 a(g212 V tp1553 a(g259 V"perl v5.8.8" p1554 tp1555 a(g212 V tp1556 a(g259 V"Perl Programmers Reference Guide" p1557 tp1558 a(g212 V\u000a tp1559 a(g212 V. tp1560 a(g134 VSH p1561 tp1562 a(g212 V tp1563 a(g259 V"NAME" p1564 tp1565 a(g212 V\u000a tp1566 a(g212 V. tp1567 a(g134 VIX p1568 tp1569 a(g212 V tp1570 a(g240 VXref p1571 tp1572 a(g212 V tp1573 a(g259 V"function" p1574 tp1575 a(g212 V\u000a tp1576 a(g212 Vperlfunc p1577 tp1578 a(g266 V\u005c- p1579 tp1580 a(g212 V Perl builtin functions p1581 tp1582 a(g212 V\u000a tp1583 a(g212 V. tp1584 a(g134 VSH p1585 tp1586 a(g212 V tp1587 a(g259 V"DESCRIPTION" p1588 tp1589 a(g212 V\u000a tp1590 a(g212 V. tp1591 a(g134 VIX p1592 tp1593 a(g212 V tp1594 a(g240 VHeader p1595 tp1596 a(g212 V tp1597 a(g259 V"DESCRIPTION" p1598 tp1599 a(g212 V\u000a tp1600 a(g212 VThe functions in this section can serve as terms in an expression. p1601 tp1602 a(g212 V\u000a tp1603 a(g212 VThey fall into two major categories: list operators and named unary p1604 tp1605 a(g212 V\u000a tp1606 a(g212 Voperators. These differ in their precedence relationship with a p1607 tp1608 a(g212 V\u000a tp1609 a(g212 Vfollowing comma. (See the precedence table in perlop.) List p1610 tp1611 a(g212 V\u000a tp1612 a(g212 Voperators take more than one argument, while unary operators can never p1613 tp1614 a(g212 V\u000a tp1615 a(g212 Vtake more than one argument. Thus, a comma terminates the argument of p1616 tp1617 a(g212 V\u000a tp1618 a(g212 Va unary operator, but merely separates the arguments of a list p1619 tp1620 a(g212 V\u000a tp1621 a(g212 Voperator. A unary operator generally provides a scalar context to its p1622 tp1623 a(g212 V\u000a tp1624 a(g212 Vargument, while a list operator may provide either scalar or list p1625 tp1626 a(g212 V\u000a tp1627 a(g212 Vcontexts for its arguments. If it does both, the scalar arguments will p1628 tp1629 a(g212 V\u000a tp1630 a(g212 Vbe first, and the list argument will follow. (Note that there can ever p1631 tp1632 a(g212 V\u000a tp1633 a(g212 Vbe only one such list argument.) For instance, p1634 tp1635 a(g266 V\u005cfI p1636 tp1637 a(g212 Vsplice() p1638 tp1639 a(g266 V\u005cfR p1640 tp1641 a(g212 V has three scalar p1642 tp1643 a(g212 V\u000a tp1644 a(g212 Varguments followed by a list, whereas p1645 tp1646 a(g266 V\u005cfI p1647 tp1648 a(g212 Vgethostbyname() p1649 tp1650 a(g266 V\u005cfR p1651 tp1652 a(g212 V has four scalar p1653 tp1654 a(g212 V\u000a tp1655 a(g212 Varguments. p1656 tp1657 a(g212 V\u000a tp1658 a(g212 V. tp1659 a(g134 VPP p1660 tp1661 a(g212 V\u000a tp1662 a(g212 VIn the syntax descriptions that follow, list operators that expect a p1663 tp1664 a(g212 V\u000a tp1665 a(g212 Vlist (and provide list context for the elements of the list) are shown p1666 tp1667 a(g212 V\u000a tp1668 a(g212 Vwith p1669 tp1670 a(g266 V\u005cs p1671 tp1672 a(g212 V-1LIST p1673 tp1674 a(g266 V\u005cs p1675 tp1676 a(g212 V0 as an argument. Such a list may consist of any combination p1677 tp1678 a(g212 V\u000a tp1679 a(g212 Vof scalar arguments or list values; the list values will be included p1680 tp1681 a(g212 V\u000a tp1682 a(g212 Vin the list as if each individual element were interpolated at that p1683 tp1684 a(g212 V\u000a tp1685 a(g212 Vpoint in the list, forming a longer single-dimensional list value. p1686 tp1687 a(g212 V\u000a tp1688 a(g212 VCommas should separate elements of the p1689 tp1690 a(g266 V\u005cs p1691 tp1692 a(g212 V-1LIST p1693 tp1694 a(g266 V\u005cs p1695 tp1696 a(g212 V0. p1697 tp1698 a(g212 V\u000a tp1699 a(g212 V. tp1700 a(g134 VPP p1701 tp1702 a(g212 V\u000a tp1703 a(g212 VAny function in the list below may be used either with or without p1704 tp1705 a(g212 V\u000a tp1706 a(g212 Vparentheses around its arguments. (The syntax descriptions omit the p1707 tp1708 a(g212 V\u000a tp1709 a(g212 Vparentheses.) If you use the parentheses, the simple (but occasionally p1710 tp1711 a(g212 V\u000a tp1712 a(g212 Vsurprising) rule is this: It p1713 tp1714 a(g266 V\u005cfI p1715 tp1716 a(g212 Vlooks p1717 tp1718 a(g266 V\u005cfR p1719 tp1720 a(g212 V like a function, therefore it p1721 tp1722 a(g266 V\u005cfI p1723 tp1724 a(g212 Vis p1725 tp1726 a(g266 V\u005cfR p1727 tp1728 a(g212 V a p1729 tp1730 a(g212 V\u000a tp1731 a(g212 Vfunction, and precedence doesn't matter. Otherwise it's a list p1732 tp1733 a(g212 V\u000a tp1734 a(g212 Voperator or unary operator, and precedence does matter. And whitespace p1735 tp1736 a(g212 V\u000a tp1737 a(g212 Vbetween the function and left parenthesis doesn't count p1738 tp1739 a(g266 V\u005c* p1740 tp1741 a(g212 V(--so you need to p1742 tp1743 a(g212 V\u000a tp1744 a(g212 Vbe careful sometimes: p1745 tp1746 a(g212 V\u000a tp1747 a(g212 V. tp1748 a(g134 VPP p1749 tp1750 a(g212 V\u000a tp1751 a(g212 V. tp1752 a(g134 VVb p1753 tp1754 a(g212 V tp1755 a(g227 V5 tp1756 a(g212 V\u000a tp1757 a(g212 V tp1758 a(g266 V\u005c& p1759 tp1760 a(g212 V print 1+2+4; # Prints 7. p1761 tp1762 a(g212 V\u000a tp1763 a(g212 V tp1764 a(g266 V\u005c& p1765 tp1766 a(g212 V print(1+2) + 4; # Prints 3. p1767 tp1768 a(g212 V\u000a tp1769 a(g212 V tp1770 a(g266 V\u005c& p1771 tp1772 a(g212 V print (1+2)+4; # Also prints 3! p1773 tp1774 a(g212 V\u000a tp1775 a(g212 V tp1776 a(g266 V\u005c& p1777 tp1778 a(g212 V print +(1+2)+4; # Prints 7. p1779 tp1780 a(g212 V\u000a tp1781 a(g212 V tp1782 a(g266 V\u005c& p1783 tp1784 a(g212 V print ((1+2)+4); # Prints 7. p1785 tp1786 a(g212 V\u000a tp1787 a(g212 V. tp1788 a(g134 VVe p1789 tp1790 a(g212 V\u000a tp1791 a(g212 V. tp1792 a(g134 VPP p1793 tp1794 a(g212 V\u000a tp1795 a(g212 VIf you run Perl with the p1796 tp1797 a(g266 V\u005cfB p1798 tp1799 a(g266 V\u005c- p1800 tp1801 a(g212 Vw tp1802 a(g266 V\u005cfR p1803 tp1804 a(g212 V switch it can warn you about this. For p1805 tp1806 a(g212 V\u000a tp1807 a(g212 Vexample, the third line above produces: p1808 tp1809 a(g212 V\u000a tp1810 a(g212 V. tp1811 a(g134 VPP p1812 tp1813 a(g212 V\u000a tp1814 a(g212 V. tp1815 a(g134 VVb p1816 tp1817 a(g212 V tp1818 a(g227 V2 tp1819 a(g212 V\u000a tp1820 a(g212 V tp1821 a(g266 V\u005c& p1822 tp1823 a(g212 V print (...) interpreted as function at - line 1. p1824 tp1825 a(g212 V\u000a tp1826 a(g212 V tp1827 a(g266 V\u005c& p1828 tp1829 a(g212 V Useless use of integer addition in void context at - line 1. p1830 tp1831 a(g212 V\u000a tp1832 a(g212 V. tp1833 a(g134 VVe p1834 tp1835 a(g212 V\u000a tp1836 a(g212 V. tp1837 a(g134 VPP p1838 tp1839 a(g212 V\u000a tp1840 a(g212 VA few functions take no arguments at all, and therefore work as neither p1841 tp1842 a(g212 V\u000a tp1843 a(g212 Vunary nor list operators. These include such functions as p1844 tp1845 a(g266 V\u005cf p1846 tp1847 a(g212 V(CW p1848 tp1849 a(g266 V\u005c* p1850 tp1851 a(g212 V(C`time p1852 tp1853 a(g266 V\u005c* p1854 tp1855 a(g212 V(C' p1856 tp1857 a(g266 V\u005cfR p1858 tp1859 a(g212 V\u000a tp1860 a(g212 Vand p1861 tp1862 a(g266 V\u005cf p1863 tp1864 a(g212 V(CW p1865 tp1866 a(g266 V\u005c* p1867 tp1868 a(g212 V(C`endpwent p1869 tp1870 a(g266 V\u005c* p1871 tp1872 a(g212 V(C' p1873 tp1874 a(g266 V\u005cfR p1875 tp1876 a(g212 V. For example, p1877 tp1878 a(g266 V\u005cf p1879 tp1880 a(g212 V(CW p1881 tp1882 a(g266 V\u005c* p1883 tp1884 a(g212 V(C`time+86_400 p1885 tp1886 a(g266 V\u005c* p1887 tp1888 a(g212 V(C' p1889 tp1890 a(g266 V\u005cfR p1891 tp1892 a(g212 V always means p1893 tp1894 a(g212 V\u000a tp1895 a(g212 V tp1896 a(g266 V\u005c& p1897 tp1898 a(g266 V\u005cf p1899 tp1900 a(g212 V(CW p1901 tp1902 a(g266 V\u005c* p1903 tp1904 a(g212 V(C`time() + 86_400 p1905 tp1906 a(g266 V\u005c* p1907 tp1908 a(g212 V(C' p1909 tp1910 a(g266 V\u005cfR p1911 tp1912 a(g212 V. tp1913 a(g212 V\u000a tp1914 a(g212 V. tp1915 a(g134 VPP p1916 tp1917 a(g212 V\u000a tp1918 a(g212 VFor functions that can be used in either a scalar or list context, p1919 tp1920 a(g212 V\u000a tp1921 a(g212 Vnonabortive failure is generally indicated in a scalar context by p1922 tp1923 a(g212 V\u000a tp1924 a(g212 Vreturning the undefined value, and in a list context by returning the p1925 tp1926 a(g212 V\u000a tp1927 a(g212 Vnull list. p1928 tp1929 a(g212 V\u000a tp1930 a(g212 V. tp1931 a(g134 VPP p1932 tp1933 a(g212 V\u000a tp1934 a(g212 VRemember the following important rule: There is p1935 tp1936 a(g266 V\u005cfB p1937 tp1938 a(g212 Vno rule p1939 tp1940 a(g266 V\u005cfR p1941 tp1942 a(g212 V that relates p1943 tp1944 a(g212 V\u000a tp1945 a(g212 Vthe behavior of an expression in list context to its behavior in scalar p1946 tp1947 a(g212 V\u000a tp1948 a(g212 Vcontext, or vice versa. It might do two totally different things. p1949 tp1950 a(g212 V\u000a tp1951 a(g212 VEach operator and function decides which sort of value it would be most p1952 tp1953 a(g212 V\u000a tp1954 a(g212 Vappropriate to return in scalar context. Some operators return the p1955 tp1956 a(g212 V\u000a tp1957 a(g212 Vlength of the list that would have been returned in list context. Some p1958 tp1959 a(g212 V\u000a tp1960 a(g212 Voperators return the first value in the list. Some operators return the p1961 tp1962 a(g212 V\u000a tp1963 a(g212 Vlast value in the list. Some operators return a count of successful p1964 tp1965 a(g212 V\u000a tp1966 a(g212 Voperations. In general, they do what you want, unless you want p1967 tp1968 a(g212 V\u000a tp1969 a(g212 Vconsistency. p1970 tp1971 a(g212 V\u000a tp1972 a(g212 V. tp1973 a(g134 VIX p1974 tp1975 a(g212 V tp1976 a(g240 VXref p1977 tp1978 a(g212 V tp1979 a(g259 V"context" p1980 tp1981 a(g212 V\u000a tp1982 a(g212 V. tp1983 a(g134 VPP p1984 tp1985 a(g212 V\u000a tp1986 a(g212 VA named array in scalar context is quite different from what would at p1987 tp1988 a(g212 V\u000a tp1989 a(g212 Vfirst glance appear to be a list in scalar context. You can't get a list p1990 tp1991 a(g212 V\u000a tp1992 a(g212 Vlike p1993 tp1994 a(g266 V\u005cf p1995 tp1996 a(g212 V(CW p1997 tp1998 a(g266 V\u005c* p1999 tp2000 a(g212 V(C`(1,2,3) p2001 tp2002 a(g266 V\u005c* p2003 tp2004 a(g212 V(C' p2005 tp2006 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2007 tp2008 a(g212 V into being in scalar context, because the compiler knows p2009 tp2010 a(g212 V\u000a tp2011 a(g212 Vthe context at compile time. It would generate the scalar comma operator p2012 tp2013 a(g212 V\u000a tp2014 a(g212 Vthere, not the list construction version of the comma. That means it p2015 tp2016 a(g212 V\u000a tp2017 a(g212 Vwas never a list to start with. p2018 tp2019 a(g212 V\u000a tp2020 a(g212 V. tp2021 a(g134 VPP p2022 tp2023 a(g212 V\u000a tp2024 a(g212 VIn general, functions in Perl that serve as wrappers for system calls p2025 tp2026 a(g212 V\u000a tp2027 a(g212 Vof the same name (like p2028 tp2029 a(g266 V\u005cfI p2030 tp2031 a(g212 Vchown p2032 tp2033 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2034 tp2035 a(g266 V\u005c| p2036 tp2037 a(g212 V(2), p2038 tp2039 a(g266 V\u005cfI p2040 tp2041 a(g212 Vfork p2042 tp2043 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2044 tp2045 a(g266 V\u005c| p2046 tp2047 a(g212 V(2), p2048 tp2049 a(g266 V\u005cfI p2050 tp2051 a(g212 Vclosedir p2052 tp2053 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2054 tp2055 a(g266 V\u005c| p2056 tp2057 a(g212 V(2), etc.) all return p2058 tp2059 a(g212 V\u000a tp2060 a(g212 Vtrue when they succeed and p2061 tp2062 a(g266 V\u005cf p2063 tp2064 a(g212 V(CW p2065 tp2066 a(g266 V\u005c* p2067 tp2068 a(g212 V(C`undef p2069 tp2070 a(g266 V\u005c* p2071 tp2072 a(g212 V(C' p2073 tp2074 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2075 tp2076 a(g212 V otherwise, as is usually mentioned p2077 tp2078 a(g212 V\u000a tp2079 a(g212 Vin the descriptions below. This is different from the C interfaces, p2080 tp2081 a(g212 V\u000a tp2082 a(g212 Vwhich return p2083 tp2084 a(g266 V\u005cf p2085 tp2086 a(g212 V(CW p2087 tp2088 a(g266 V\u005c* p2089 tp2090 a(g212 V(C` p2091 tp2092 a(g266 V\u005c- p2093 tp2094 a(g212 V1 tp2095 a(g266 V\u005c* p2096 tp2097 a(g212 V(C' p2098 tp2099 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2100 tp2101 a(g212 V on failure. Exceptions to this rule are p2102 tp2103 a(g266 V\u005cf p2104 tp2105 a(g212 V(CW p2106 tp2107 a(g266 V\u005c* p2108 tp2109 a(g212 V(C`wait p2110 tp2111 a(g266 V\u005c* p2112 tp2113 a(g212 V(C' p2114 tp2115 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2116 tp2117 a(g212 V, tp2118 a(g212 V\u000a tp2119 a(g212 V tp2120 a(g266 V\u005c& p2121 tp2122 a(g266 V\u005cf p2123 tp2124 a(g212 V(CW p2125 tp2126 a(g266 V\u005c* p2127 tp2128 a(g212 V(C`waitpid p2129 tp2130 a(g266 V\u005c* p2131 tp2132 a(g212 V(C' p2133 tp2134 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2135 tp2136 a(g212 V, and p2137 tp2138 a(g266 V\u005cf p2139 tp2140 a(g212 V(CW p2141 tp2142 a(g266 V\u005c* p2143 tp2144 a(g212 V(C`syscall p2145 tp2146 a(g266 V\u005c* p2147 tp2148 a(g212 V(C' p2149 tp2150 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2151 tp2152 a(g212 V. System calls also set the special p2153 tp2154 a(g266 V\u005cf p2155 tp2156 a(g212 V(CW$! p2157 tp2158 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2159 tp2160 a(g212 V\u000a tp2161 a(g212 Vvariable on failure. Other functions do not, except accidentally. p2162 tp2163 a(g212 V\u000a tp2164 a(g212 V. tp2165 a(g134 VSh p2166 tp2167 a(g212 V tp2168 a(g259 V"Perl Functions by Category" p2169 tp2170 a(g212 V\u000a tp2171 a(g212 V. tp2172 a(g134 VIX p2173 tp2174 a(g212 V tp2175 a(g240 VXref p2176 tp2177 a(g212 V tp2178 a(g259 V"function" p2179 tp2180 a(g212 V\u000a tp2181 a(g212 V. tp2182 a(g134 VIX p2183 tp2184 a(g212 V tp2185 a(g240 VSubsection p2186 tp2187 a(g212 V tp2188 a(g259 V"Perl Functions by Category" p2189 tp2190 a(g212 V\u000a tp2191 a(g212 VHere are Perl's functions (including things that look like p2192 tp2193 a(g212 V\u000a tp2194 a(g212 Vfunctions, like some keywords and named operators) p2195 tp2196 a(g212 V\u000a tp2197 a(g212 Varranged by category. Some functions appear in more p2198 tp2199 a(g212 V\u000a tp2200 a(g212 Vthan one place. p2201 tp2202 a(g212 V\u000a tp2203 a(g212 V. tp2204 a(g134 VIP p2205 tp2206 a(g212 V tp2207 a(g259 V"Functions for SCALARs or strings" p2208 tp2209 a(g212 V tp2210 a(g227 V4 tp2211 a(g212 V\u000a tp2212 a(g212 V. tp2213 a(g134 VIX p2214 tp2215 a(g212 V tp2216 a(g240 VXref p2217 tp2218 a(g212 V tp2219 a(g259 V"scalar string character" p2220 tp2221 a(g212 V\u000a tp2222 a(g212 V. tp2223 a(g134 VIX p2224 tp2225 a(g212 V tp2226 a(g240 VItem p2227 tp2228 a(g212 V tp2229 a(g259 V"Functions for SCALARs or strings" p2230 tp2231 a(g212 V\u000a tp2232 a(g212 V tp2233 a(g266 V\u005c& p2234 tp2235 a(g266 V\u005cf p2236 tp2237 a(g212 V(CW p2238 tp2239 a(g266 V\u005c* p2240 tp2241 a(g212 V(C`chomp p2242 tp2243 a(g266 V\u005c* p2244 tp2245 a(g212 V(C' p2246 tp2247 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2248 tp2249 a(g212 V, p2250 tp2251 a(g266 V\u005cf p2252 tp2253 a(g212 V(CW p2254 tp2255 a(g266 V\u005c* p2256 tp2257 a(g212 V(C`chop p2258 tp2259 a(g266 V\u005c* p2260 tp2261 a(g212 V(C' p2262 tp2263 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2264 tp2265 a(g212 V, p2266 tp2267 a(g266 V\u005cf p2268 tp2269 a(g212 V(CW p2270 tp2271 a(g266 V\u005c* p2272 tp2273 a(g212 V(C`chr p2274 tp2275 a(g266 V\u005c* p2276 tp2277 a(g212 V(C' p2278 tp2279 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2280 tp2281 a(g212 V, p2282 tp2283 a(g266 V\u005cf p2284 tp2285 a(g212 V(CW p2286 tp2287 a(g266 V\u005c* p2288 tp2289 a(g212 V(C`crypt p2290 tp2291 a(g266 V\u005c* p2292 tp2293 a(g212 V(C' p2294 tp2295 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2296 tp2297 a(g212 V, p2298 tp2299 a(g266 V\u005cf p2300 tp2301 a(g212 V(CW p2302 tp2303 a(g266 V\u005c* p2304 tp2305 a(g212 V(C`hex p2306 tp2307 a(g266 V\u005c* p2308 tp2309 a(g212 V(C' p2310 tp2311 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2312 tp2313 a(g212 V, p2314 tp2315 a(g266 V\u005cf p2316 tp2317 a(g212 V(CW p2318 tp2319 a(g266 V\u005c* p2320 tp2321 a(g212 V(C`index p2322 tp2323 a(g266 V\u005c* p2324 tp2325 a(g212 V(C' p2326 tp2327 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2328 tp2329 a(g212 V, p2330 tp2331 a(g266 V\u005cf p2332 tp2333 a(g212 V(CW p2334 tp2335 a(g266 V\u005c* p2336 tp2337 a(g212 V(C`lc p2338 tp2339 a(g266 V\u005c* p2340 tp2341 a(g212 V(C' p2342 tp2343 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2344 tp2345 a(g212 V, p2346 tp2347 a(g266 V\u005cf p2348 tp2349 a(g212 V(CW p2350 tp2351 a(g266 V\u005c* p2352 tp2353 a(g212 V(C`lcfirst p2354 tp2355 a(g266 V\u005c* p2356 tp2357 a(g212 V(C' p2358 tp2359 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2360 tp2361 a(g212 V, tp2362 a(g212 V\u000a tp2363 a(g212 V tp2364 a(g266 V\u005c& p2365 tp2366 a(g266 V\u005cf p2367 tp2368 a(g212 V(CW p2369 tp2370 a(g266 V\u005c* p2371 tp2372 a(g212 V(C`length p2373 tp2374 a(g266 V\u005c* p2375 tp2376 a(g212 V(C' p2377 tp2378 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2379 tp2380 a(g212 V, p2381 tp2382 a(g266 V\u005cf p2383 tp2384 a(g212 V(CW p2385 tp2386 a(g266 V\u005c* p2387 tp2388 a(g212 V(C`oct p2389 tp2390 a(g266 V\u005c* p2391 tp2392 a(g212 V(C' p2393 tp2394 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2395 tp2396 a(g212 V, p2397 tp2398 a(g266 V\u005cf p2399 tp2400 a(g212 V(CW p2401 tp2402 a(g266 V\u005c* p2403 tp2404 a(g212 V(C`ord p2405 tp2406 a(g266 V\u005c* p2407 tp2408 a(g212 V(C' p2409 tp2410 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2411 tp2412 a(g212 V, p2413 tp2414 a(g266 V\u005cf p2415 tp2416 a(g212 V(CW p2417 tp2418 a(g266 V\u005c* p2419 tp2420 a(g212 V(C`pack p2421 tp2422 a(g266 V\u005c* p2423 tp2424 a(g212 V(C' p2425 tp2426 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2427 tp2428 a(g212 V, p2429 tp2430 a(g266 V\u005cf p2431 tp2432 a(g212 V(CW p2433 tp2434 a(g266 V\u005c* p2435 tp2436 a(g212 V(C`q/STRING/ p2437 tp2438 a(g266 V\u005c* p2439 tp2440 a(g212 V(C' p2441 tp2442 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2443 tp2444 a(g212 V, p2445 tp2446 a(g266 V\u005cf p2447 tp2448 a(g212 V(CW p2449 tp2450 a(g266 V\u005c* p2451 tp2452 a(g212 V(C`qq/STRING/ p2453 tp2454 a(g266 V\u005c* p2455 tp2456 a(g212 V(C' p2457 tp2458 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2459 tp2460 a(g212 V, p2461 tp2462 a(g266 V\u005cf p2463 tp2464 a(g212 V(CW p2465 tp2466 a(g266 V\u005c* p2467 tp2468 a(g212 V(C`reverse p2469 tp2470 a(g266 V\u005c* p2471 tp2472 a(g212 V(C' p2473 tp2474 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2475 tp2476 a(g212 V, tp2477 a(g212 V\u000a tp2478 a(g212 V tp2479 a(g266 V\u005c& p2480 tp2481 a(g266 V\u005cf p2482 tp2483 a(g212 V(CW p2484 tp2485 a(g266 V\u005c* p2486 tp2487 a(g212 V(C`rindex p2488 tp2489 a(g266 V\u005c* p2490 tp2491 a(g212 V(C' p2492 tp2493 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2494 tp2495 a(g212 V, p2496 tp2497 a(g266 V\u005cf p2498 tp2499 a(g212 V(CW p2500 tp2501 a(g266 V\u005c* p2502 tp2503 a(g212 V(C`sprintf p2504 tp2505 a(g266 V\u005c* p2506 tp2507 a(g212 V(C' p2508 tp2509 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2510 tp2511 a(g212 V, p2512 tp2513 a(g266 V\u005cf p2514 tp2515 a(g212 V(CW p2516 tp2517 a(g266 V\u005c* p2518 tp2519 a(g212 V(C`substr p2520 tp2521 a(g266 V\u005c* p2522 tp2523 a(g212 V(C' p2524 tp2525 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2526 tp2527 a(g212 V, p2528 tp2529 a(g266 V\u005cf p2530 tp2531 a(g212 V(CW p2532 tp2533 a(g266 V\u005c* p2534 tp2535 a(g212 V(C`tr/// p2536 tp2537 a(g266 V\u005c* p2538 tp2539 a(g212 V(C' p2540 tp2541 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2542 tp2543 a(g212 V, p2544 tp2545 a(g266 V\u005cf p2546 tp2547 a(g212 V(CW p2548 tp2549 a(g266 V\u005c* p2550 tp2551 a(g212 V(C`uc p2552 tp2553 a(g266 V\u005c* p2554 tp2555 a(g212 V(C' p2556 tp2557 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2558 tp2559 a(g212 V, p2560 tp2561 a(g266 V\u005cf p2562 tp2563 a(g212 V(CW p2564 tp2565 a(g266 V\u005c* p2566 tp2567 a(g212 V(C`ucfirst p2568 tp2569 a(g266 V\u005c* p2570 tp2571 a(g212 V(C' p2572 tp2573 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2574 tp2575 a(g212 V, p2576 tp2577 a(g266 V\u005cf p2578 tp2579 a(g212 V(CW p2580 tp2581 a(g266 V\u005c* p2582 tp2583 a(g212 V(C`y/// p2584 tp2585 a(g266 V\u005c* p2586 tp2587 a(g212 V(C' p2588 tp2589 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2590 tp2591 a(g212 V\u000a tp2592 a(g212 V. tp2593 a(g134 VIP p2594 tp2595 a(g212 V tp2596 a(g259 V"Regular expressions and pattern matching" p2597 tp2598 a(g212 V tp2599 a(g227 V4 tp2600 a(g212 V\u000a tp2601 a(g212 V. tp2602 a(g134 VIX p2603 tp2604 a(g212 V tp2605 a(g240 VXref p2606 tp2607 a(g212 V tp2608 a(g259 V"regular expression regex regexp" p2609 tp2610 a(g212 V\u000a tp2611 a(g212 V. tp2612 a(g134 VIX p2613 tp2614 a(g212 V tp2615 a(g240 VItem p2616 tp2617 a(g212 V tp2618 a(g259 V"Regular expressions and pattern matching" p2619 tp2620 a(g212 V\u000a tp2621 a(g212 V tp2622 a(g266 V\u005c& p2623 tp2624 a(g266 V\u005cf p2625 tp2626 a(g212 V(CW p2627 tp2628 a(g266 V\u005c* p2629 tp2630 a(g212 V(C`m// p2631 tp2632 a(g266 V\u005c* p2633 tp2634 a(g212 V(C' p2635 tp2636 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2637 tp2638 a(g212 V, p2639 tp2640 a(g266 V\u005cf p2641 tp2642 a(g212 V(CW p2643 tp2644 a(g266 V\u005c* p2645 tp2646 a(g212 V(C`pos p2647 tp2648 a(g266 V\u005c* p2649 tp2650 a(g212 V(C' p2651 tp2652 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2653 tp2654 a(g212 V, p2655 tp2656 a(g266 V\u005cf p2657 tp2658 a(g212 V(CW p2659 tp2660 a(g266 V\u005c* p2661 tp2662 a(g212 V(C`quotemeta p2663 tp2664 a(g266 V\u005c* p2665 tp2666 a(g212 V(C' p2667 tp2668 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2669 tp2670 a(g212 V, p2671 tp2672 a(g266 V\u005cf p2673 tp2674 a(g212 V(CW p2675 tp2676 a(g266 V\u005c* p2677 tp2678 a(g212 V(C`s/// p2679 tp2680 a(g266 V\u005c* p2681 tp2682 a(g212 V(C' p2683 tp2684 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2685 tp2686 a(g212 V, p2687 tp2688 a(g266 V\u005cf p2689 tp2690 a(g212 V(CW p2691 tp2692 a(g266 V\u005c* p2693 tp2694 a(g212 V(C`split p2695 tp2696 a(g266 V\u005c* p2697 tp2698 a(g212 V(C' p2699 tp2700 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2701 tp2702 a(g212 V, p2703 tp2704 a(g266 V\u005cf p2705 tp2706 a(g212 V(CW p2707 tp2708 a(g266 V\u005c* p2709 tp2710 a(g212 V(C`study p2711 tp2712 a(g266 V\u005c* p2713 tp2714 a(g212 V(C' p2715 tp2716 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2717 tp2718 a(g212 V, p2719 tp2720 a(g266 V\u005cf p2721 tp2722 a(g212 V(CW p2723 tp2724 a(g266 V\u005c* p2725 tp2726 a(g212 V(C`qr// p2727 tp2728 a(g266 V\u005c* p2729 tp2730 a(g212 V(C' p2731 tp2732 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2733 tp2734 a(g212 V\u000a tp2735 a(g212 V. tp2736 a(g134 VIP p2737 tp2738 a(g212 V tp2739 a(g259 V"Numeric functions" p2740 tp2741 a(g212 V tp2742 a(g227 V4 tp2743 a(g212 V\u000a tp2744 a(g212 V. tp2745 a(g134 VIX p2746 tp2747 a(g212 V tp2748 a(g240 VXref p2749 tp2750 a(g212 V tp2751 a(g259 V"numeric number trigonometric trigonometry" p2752 tp2753 a(g212 V\u000a tp2754 a(g212 V. tp2755 a(g134 VIX p2756 tp2757 a(g212 V tp2758 a(g240 VItem p2759 tp2760 a(g212 V tp2761 a(g259 V"Numeric functions" p2762 tp2763 a(g212 V\u000a tp2764 a(g212 V tp2765 a(g266 V\u005c& p2766 tp2767 a(g266 V\u005cf p2768 tp2769 a(g212 V(CW p2770 tp2771 a(g266 V\u005c* p2772 tp2773 a(g212 V(C`abs p2774 tp2775 a(g266 V\u005c* p2776 tp2777 a(g212 V(C' p2778 tp2779 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2780 tp2781 a(g212 V, p2782 tp2783 a(g266 V\u005cf p2784 tp2785 a(g212 V(CW p2786 tp2787 a(g266 V\u005c* p2788 tp2789 a(g212 V(C`atan2 p2790 tp2791 a(g266 V\u005c* p2792 tp2793 a(g212 V(C' p2794 tp2795 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2796 tp2797 a(g212 V, p2798 tp2799 a(g266 V\u005cf p2800 tp2801 a(g212 V(CW p2802 tp2803 a(g266 V\u005c* p2804 tp2805 a(g212 V(C`cos p2806 tp2807 a(g266 V\u005c* p2808 tp2809 a(g212 V(C' p2810 tp2811 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2812 tp2813 a(g212 V, p2814 tp2815 a(g266 V\u005cf p2816 tp2817 a(g212 V(CW p2818 tp2819 a(g266 V\u005c* p2820 tp2821 a(g212 V(C`exp p2822 tp2823 a(g266 V\u005c* p2824 tp2825 a(g212 V(C' p2826 tp2827 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2828 tp2829 a(g212 V, p2830 tp2831 a(g266 V\u005cf p2832 tp2833 a(g212 V(CW p2834 tp2835 a(g266 V\u005c* p2836 tp2837 a(g212 V(C`hex p2838 tp2839 a(g266 V\u005c* p2840 tp2841 a(g212 V(C' p2842 tp2843 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2844 tp2845 a(g212 V, p2846 tp2847 a(g266 V\u005cf p2848 tp2849 a(g212 V(CW p2850 tp2851 a(g266 V\u005c* p2852 tp2853 a(g212 V(C`int p2854 tp2855 a(g266 V\u005c* p2856 tp2857 a(g212 V(C' p2858 tp2859 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2860 tp2861 a(g212 V, p2862 tp2863 a(g266 V\u005cf p2864 tp2865 a(g212 V(CW p2866 tp2867 a(g266 V\u005c* p2868 tp2869 a(g212 V(C`log p2870 tp2871 a(g266 V\u005c* p2872 tp2873 a(g212 V(C' p2874 tp2875 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2876 tp2877 a(g212 V, p2878 tp2879 a(g266 V\u005cf p2880 tp2881 a(g212 V(CW p2882 tp2883 a(g266 V\u005c* p2884 tp2885 a(g212 V(C`oct p2886 tp2887 a(g266 V\u005c* p2888 tp2889 a(g212 V(C' p2890 tp2891 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2892 tp2893 a(g212 V, p2894 tp2895 a(g266 V\u005cf p2896 tp2897 a(g212 V(CW p2898 tp2899 a(g266 V\u005c* p2900 tp2901 a(g212 V(C`rand p2902 tp2903 a(g266 V\u005c* p2904 tp2905 a(g212 V(C' p2906 tp2907 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2908 tp2909 a(g212 V, tp2910 a(g212 V\u000a tp2911 a(g212 V tp2912 a(g266 V\u005c& p2913 tp2914 a(g266 V\u005cf p2915 tp2916 a(g212 V(CW p2917 tp2918 a(g266 V\u005c* p2919 tp2920 a(g212 V(C`sin p2921 tp2922 a(g266 V\u005c* p2923 tp2924 a(g212 V(C' p2925 tp2926 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2927 tp2928 a(g212 V, p2929 tp2930 a(g266 V\u005cf p2931 tp2932 a(g212 V(CW p2933 tp2934 a(g266 V\u005c* p2935 tp2936 a(g212 V(C`sqrt p2937 tp2938 a(g266 V\u005c* p2939 tp2940 a(g212 V(C' p2941 tp2942 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2943 tp2944 a(g212 V, p2945 tp2946 a(g266 V\u005cf p2947 tp2948 a(g212 V(CW p2949 tp2950 a(g266 V\u005c* p2951 tp2952 a(g212 V(C`srand p2953 tp2954 a(g266 V\u005c* p2955 tp2956 a(g212 V(C' p2957 tp2958 a(g266 V\u005cfR p2959 tp2960 a(g212 V\u000a tp2961 a(g212 V. tp2962 a(g134 Vie p2963 tp2964 a(g212 V tp2965 a(g240 Vn tp2966 a(g212 V tp2967 a(g240 V.IP p2968 tp2969 a(g212 V tp2970 a(g259 V"Functions for real @ARRAYs" p2971 tp2972 a(g212 V tp2973 a(g227 V4 tp2974 a(g212 V\u000a tp2975 a(g212 V. tp2976 a(g134 Vel p2977 tp2978 a(g212 V tp2979 a(g240 V.IP p2980 tp2981 a(g212 V tp2982 a(g259 V"Functions for real \u005cf(CW@ARRAYs\u005cfR" p2983 tp2984 a(g212 V tp2985 a(g227 V4 tp2986 a(g212 V\u000a tp2987 a(g212 V. tp2988 a(g134 VIX p2989 tp2990 a(g212 V tp2991 a(g240 VXref p2992 tp2993 a(g212 V tp2994 a(g259 V"array" p2995 tp2996 a(g212 V\u000a tp2997 a(g212 V. tp2998 a(g134 VIX p2999 tp3000 a(g212 V tp3001 a(g240 VItem p3002 tp3003 a(g212 V tp3004 a(g259 V"Functions for real @ARRAYs" p3005 tp3006 a(g212 V\u000a tp3007 a(g212 V tp3008 a(g266 V\u005c& p3009 tp3010 a(g266 V\u005cf p3011 tp3012 a(g212 V(CW p3013 tp3014 a(g266 V\u005c* p3015 tp3016 a(g212 V(C`pop p3017 tp3018 a(g266 V\u005c* p3019 tp3020 a(g212 V(C' p3021 tp3022 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3023 tp3024 a(g212 V, p3025 tp3026 a(g266 V\u005cf p3027 tp3028 a(g212 V(CW p3029 tp3030 a(g266 V\u005c* p3031 tp3032 a(g212 V(C`push p3033 tp3034 a(g266 V\u005c* p3035 tp3036 a(g212 V(C' p3037 tp3038 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3039 tp3040 a(g212 V, p3041 tp3042 a(g266 V\u005cf p3043 tp3044 a(g212 V(CW p3045 tp3046 a(g266 V\u005c* p3047 tp3048 a(g212 V(C`shift p3049 tp3050 a(g266 V\u005c* p3051 tp3052 a(g212 V(C' p3053 tp3054 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3055 tp3056 a(g212 V, p3057 tp3058 a(g266 V\u005cf p3059 tp3060 a(g212 V(CW p3061 tp3062 a(g266 V\u005c* p3063 tp3064 a(g212 V(C`splice p3065 tp3066 a(g266 V\u005c* p3067 tp3068 a(g212 V(C' p3069 tp3070 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3071 tp3072 a(g212 V, p3073 tp3074 a(g266 V\u005cf p3075 tp3076 a(g212 V(CW p3077 tp3078 a(g266 V\u005c* p3079 tp3080 a(g212 V(C`unshift p3081 tp3082 a(g266 V\u005c* p3083 tp3084 a(g212 V(C' p3085 tp3086 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3087 tp3088 a(g212 V\u000a tp3089 a(g212 V. tp3090 a(g134 VIP p3091 tp3092 a(g212 V tp3093 a(g259 V"Functions for list data" p3094 tp3095 a(g212 V tp3096 a(g227 V4 tp3097 a(g212 V\u000a tp3098 a(g212 V. tp3099 a(g134 VIX p3100 tp3101 a(g212 V tp3102 a(g240 VXref p3103 tp3104 a(g212 V tp3105 a(g259 V"list" p3106 tp3107 a(g212 V\u000a tp3108 a(g212 V. tp3109 a(g134 VIX p3110 tp3111 a(g212 V tp3112 a(g240 VItem p3113 tp3114 a(g212 V tp3115 a(g259 V"Functions for list data" p3116 tp3117 a(g212 V\u000a tp3118 a(g212 V tp3119 a(g266 V\u005c& p3120 tp3121 a(g266 V\u005cf p3122 tp3123 a(g212 V(CW p3124 tp3125 a(g266 V\u005c* p3126 tp3127 a(g212 V(C`grep p3128 tp3129 a(g266 V\u005c* p3130 tp3131 a(g212 V(C' p3132 tp3133 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3134 tp3135 a(g212 V, p3136 tp3137 a(g266 V\u005cf p3138 tp3139 a(g212 V(CW p3140 tp3141 a(g266 V\u005c* p3142 tp3143 a(g212 V(C`join p3144 tp3145 a(g266 V\u005c* p3146 tp3147 a(g212 V(C' p3148 tp3149 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3150 tp3151 a(g212 V, p3152 tp3153 a(g266 V\u005cf p3154 tp3155 a(g212 V(CW p3156 tp3157 a(g266 V\u005c* p3158 tp3159 a(g212 V(C`map p3160 tp3161 a(g266 V\u005c* p3162 tp3163 a(g212 V(C' p3164 tp3165 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3166 tp3167 a(g212 V, p3168 tp3169 a(g266 V\u005cf p3170 tp3171 a(g212 V(CW p3172 tp3173 a(g266 V\u005c* p3174 tp3175 a(g212 V(C`qw/STRING/ p3176 tp3177 a(g266 V\u005c* p3178 tp3179 a(g212 V(C' p3180 tp3181 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3182 tp3183 a(g212 V, p3184 tp3185 a(g266 V\u005cf p3186 tp3187 a(g212 V(CW p3188 tp3189 a(g266 V\u005c* p3190 tp3191 a(g212 V(C`reverse p3192 tp3193 a(g266 V\u005c* p3194 tp3195 a(g212 V(C' p3196 tp3197 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3198 tp3199 a(g212 V, p3200 tp3201 a(g266 V\u005cf p3202 tp3203 a(g212 V(CW p3204 tp3205 a(g266 V\u005c* p3206 tp3207 a(g212 V(C`sort p3208 tp3209 a(g266 V\u005c* p3210 tp3211 a(g212 V(C' p3212 tp3213 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3214 tp3215 a(g212 V, p3216 tp3217 a(g266 V\u005cf p3218 tp3219 a(g212 V(CW p3220 tp3221 a(g266 V\u005c* p3222 tp3223 a(g212 V(C`unpack p3224 tp3225 a(g266 V\u005c* p3226 tp3227 a(g212 V(C' p3228 tp3229 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3230 tp3231 a(g212 V\u000a tp3232 a(g212 V. tp3233 a(g134 Vie p3234 tp3235 a(g212 V tp3236 a(g240 Vn tp3237 a(g212 V tp3238 a(g240 V.IP p3239 tp3240 a(g212 V tp3241 a(g259 V"Functions for real %HASHes" p3242 tp3243 a(g212 V tp3244 a(g227 V4 tp3245 a(g212 V\u000a tp3246 a(g212 V. tp3247 a(g134 Vel p3248 tp3249 a(g212 V tp3250 a(g240 V.IP p3251 tp3252 a(g212 V tp3253 a(g259 V"Functions for real \u005cf(CW%HASHes\u005cfR" p3254 tp3255 a(g212 V tp3256 a(g227 V4 tp3257 a(g212 V\u000a tp3258 a(g212 V. tp3259 a(g134 VIX p3260 tp3261 a(g212 V tp3262 a(g240 VXref p3263 tp3264 a(g212 V tp3265 a(g259 V"hash" p3266 tp3267 a(g212 V\u000a tp3268 a(g212 V. tp3269 a(g134 VIX p3270 tp3271 a(g212 V tp3272 a(g240 VItem p3273 tp3274 a(g212 V tp3275 a(g259 V"Functions for real %HASHes" p3276 tp3277 a(g212 V\u000a tp3278 a(g212 V tp3279 a(g266 V\u005c& p3280 tp3281 a(g266 V\u005cf p3282 tp3283 a(g212 V(CW p3284 tp3285 a(g266 V\u005c* p3286 tp3287 a(g212 V(C`delete p3288 tp3289 a(g266 V\u005c* p3290 tp3291 a(g212 V(C' p3292 tp3293 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3294 tp3295 a(g212 V, p3296 tp3297 a(g266 V\u005cf p3298 tp3299 a(g212 V(CW p3300 tp3301 a(g266 V\u005c* p3302 tp3303 a(g212 V(C`each p3304 tp3305 a(g266 V\u005c* p3306 tp3307 a(g212 V(C' p3308 tp3309 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3310 tp3311 a(g212 V, p3312 tp3313 a(g266 V\u005cf p3314 tp3315 a(g212 V(CW p3316 tp3317 a(g266 V\u005c* p3318 tp3319 a(g212 V(C`exists p3320 tp3321 a(g266 V\u005c* p3322 tp3323 a(g212 V(C' p3324 tp3325 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3326 tp3327 a(g212 V, p3328 tp3329 a(g266 V\u005cf p3330 tp3331 a(g212 V(CW p3332 tp3333 a(g266 V\u005c* p3334 tp3335 a(g212 V(C`keys p3336 tp3337 a(g266 V\u005c* p3338 tp3339 a(g212 V(C' p3340 tp3341 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3342 tp3343 a(g212 V, p3344 tp3345 a(g266 V\u005cf p3346 tp3347 a(g212 V(CW p3348 tp3349 a(g266 V\u005c* p3350 tp3351 a(g212 V(C`values p3352 tp3353 a(g266 V\u005c* p3354 tp3355 a(g212 V(C' p3356 tp3357 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3358 tp3359 a(g212 V\u000a tp3360 a(g212 V. tp3361 a(g134 VIP p3362 tp3363 a(g212 V tp3364 a(g259 V"Input and output functions" p3365 tp3366 a(g212 V tp3367 a(g227 V4 tp3368 a(g212 V\u000a tp3369 a(g212 V. tp3370 a(g134 VIX p3371 tp3372 a(g212 V tp3373 a(g240 VXref p3374 tp3375 a(g212 V tp3376 a(g259 V"I O input output dbm" p3377 tp3378 a(g212 V\u000a tp3379 a(g212 V. tp3380 a(g134 VIX p3381 tp3382 a(g212 V tp3383 a(g240 VItem p3384 tp3385 a(g212 V tp3386 a(g259 V"Input and output functions" p3387 tp3388 a(g212 V\u000a tp3389 a(g212 V tp3390 a(g266 V\u005c& p3391 tp3392 a(g266 V\u005cf p3393 tp3394 a(g212 V(CW p3395 tp3396 a(g266 V\u005c* p3397 tp3398 a(g212 V(C`binmode p3399 tp3400 a(g266 V\u005c* p3401 tp3402 a(g212 V(C' p3403 tp3404 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3405 tp3406 a(g212 V, p3407 tp3408 a(g266 V\u005cf p3409 tp3410 a(g212 V(CW p3411 tp3412 a(g266 V\u005c* p3413 tp3414 a(g212 V(C`close p3415 tp3416 a(g266 V\u005c* p3417 tp3418 a(g212 V(C' p3419 tp3420 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3421 tp3422 a(g212 V, p3423 tp3424 a(g266 V\u005cf p3425 tp3426 a(g212 V(CW p3427 tp3428 a(g266 V\u005c* p3429 tp3430 a(g212 V(C`closedir p3431 tp3432 a(g266 V\u005c* p3433 tp3434 a(g212 V(C' p3435 tp3436 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3437 tp3438 a(g212 V, p3439 tp3440 a(g266 V\u005cf p3441 tp3442 a(g212 V(CW p3443 tp3444 a(g266 V\u005c* p3445 tp3446 a(g212 V(C`dbmclose p3447 tp3448 a(g266 V\u005c* p3449 tp3450 a(g212 V(C' p3451 tp3452 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3453 tp3454 a(g212 V, p3455 tp3456 a(g266 V\u005cf p3457 tp3458 a(g212 V(CW p3459 tp3460 a(g266 V\u005c* p3461 tp3462 a(g212 V(C`dbmopen p3463 tp3464 a(g266 V\u005c* p3465 tp3466 a(g212 V(C' p3467 tp3468 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3469 tp3470 a(g212 V, p3471 tp3472 a(g266 V\u005cf p3473 tp3474 a(g212 V(CW p3475 tp3476 a(g266 V\u005c* p3477 tp3478 a(g212 V(C`die p3479 tp3480 a(g266 V\u005c* p3481 tp3482 a(g212 V(C' p3483 tp3484 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3485 tp3486 a(g212 V, p3487 tp3488 a(g266 V\u005cf p3489 tp3490 a(g212 V(CW p3491 tp3492 a(g266 V\u005c* p3493 tp3494 a(g212 V(C`eof p3495 tp3496 a(g266 V\u005c* p3497 tp3498 a(g212 V(C' p3499 tp3500 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3501 tp3502 a(g212 V, tp3503 a(g212 V\u000a tp3504 a(g212 V tp3505 a(g266 V\u005c& p3506 tp3507 a(g266 V\u005cf p3508 tp3509 a(g212 V(CW p3510 tp3511 a(g266 V\u005c* p3512 tp3513 a(g212 V(C`fileno p3514 tp3515 a(g266 V\u005c* p3516 tp3517 a(g212 V(C' p3518 tp3519 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3520 tp3521 a(g212 V, p3522 tp3523 a(g266 V\u005cf p3524 tp3525 a(g212 V(CW p3526 tp3527 a(g266 V\u005c* p3528 tp3529 a(g212 V(C`flock p3530 tp3531 a(g266 V\u005c* p3532 tp3533 a(g212 V(C' p3534 tp3535 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3536 tp3537 a(g212 V, p3538 tp3539 a(g266 V\u005cf p3540 tp3541 a(g212 V(CW p3542 tp3543 a(g266 V\u005c* p3544 tp3545 a(g212 V(C`format p3546 tp3547 a(g266 V\u005c* p3548 tp3549 a(g212 V(C' p3550 tp3551 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3552 tp3553 a(g212 V, p3554 tp3555 a(g266 V\u005cf p3556 tp3557 a(g212 V(CW p3558 tp3559 a(g266 V\u005c* p3560 tp3561 a(g212 V(C`getc p3562 tp3563 a(g266 V\u005c* p3564 tp3565 a(g212 V(C' p3566 tp3567 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3568 tp3569 a(g212 V, p3570 tp3571 a(g266 V\u005cf p3572 tp3573 a(g212 V(CW p3574 tp3575 a(g266 V\u005c* p3576 tp3577 a(g212 V(C`print p3578 tp3579 a(g266 V\u005c* p3580 tp3581 a(g212 V(C' p3582 tp3583 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3584 tp3585 a(g212 V, p3586 tp3587 a(g266 V\u005cf p3588 tp3589 a(g212 V(CW p3590 tp3591 a(g266 V\u005c* p3592 tp3593 a(g212 V(C`printf p3594 tp3595 a(g266 V\u005c* p3596 tp3597 a(g212 V(C' p3598 tp3599 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3600 tp3601 a(g212 V, p3602 tp3603 a(g266 V\u005cf p3604 tp3605 a(g212 V(CW p3606 tp3607 a(g266 V\u005c* p3608 tp3609 a(g212 V(C`read p3610 tp3611 a(g266 V\u005c* p3612 tp3613 a(g212 V(C' p3614 tp3615 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3616 tp3617 a(g212 V, tp3618 a(g212 V\u000a tp3619 a(g212 V tp3620 a(g266 V\u005c& p3621 tp3622 a(g266 V\u005cf p3623 tp3624 a(g212 V(CW p3625 tp3626 a(g266 V\u005c* p3627 tp3628 a(g212 V(C`readdir p3629 tp3630 a(g266 V\u005c* p3631 tp3632 a(g212 V(C' p3633 tp3634 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3635 tp3636 a(g212 V, p3637 tp3638 a(g266 V\u005cf p3639 tp3640 a(g212 V(CW p3641 tp3642 a(g266 V\u005c* p3643 tp3644 a(g212 V(C`rewinddir p3645 tp3646 a(g266 V\u005c* p3647 tp3648 a(g212 V(C' p3649 tp3650 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3651 tp3652 a(g212 V, p3653 tp3654 a(g266 V\u005cf p3655 tp3656 a(g212 V(CW p3657 tp3658 a(g266 V\u005c* p3659 tp3660 a(g212 V(C`seek p3661 tp3662 a(g266 V\u005c* p3663 tp3664 a(g212 V(C' p3665 tp3666 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3667 tp3668 a(g212 V, p3669 tp3670 a(g266 V\u005cf p3671 tp3672 a(g212 V(CW p3673 tp3674 a(g266 V\u005c* p3675 tp3676 a(g212 V(C`seekdir p3677 tp3678 a(g266 V\u005c* p3679 tp3680 a(g212 V(C' p3681 tp3682 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3683 tp3684 a(g212 V, p3685 tp3686 a(g266 V\u005cf p3687 tp3688 a(g212 V(CW p3689 tp3690 a(g266 V\u005c* p3691 tp3692 a(g212 V(C`select p3693 tp3694 a(g266 V\u005c* p3695 tp3696 a(g212 V(C' p3697 tp3698 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3699 tp3700 a(g212 V, p3701 tp3702 a(g266 V\u005cf p3703 tp3704 a(g212 V(CW p3705 tp3706 a(g266 V\u005c* p3707 tp3708 a(g212 V(C`syscall p3709 tp3710 a(g266 V\u005c* p3711 tp3712 a(g212 V(C' p3713 tp3714 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3715 tp3716 a(g212 V, tp3717 a(g212 V\u000a tp3718 a(g212 V tp3719 a(g266 V\u005c& p3720 tp3721 a(g266 V\u005cf p3722 tp3723 a(g212 V(CW p3724 tp3725 a(g266 V\u005c* p3726 tp3727 a(g212 V(C`sysread p3728 tp3729 a(g266 V\u005c* p3730 tp3731 a(g212 V(C' p3732 tp3733 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3734 tp3735 a(g212 V, p3736 tp3737 a(g266 V\u005cf p3738 tp3739 a(g212 V(CW p3740 tp3741 a(g266 V\u005c* p3742 tp3743 a(g212 V(C`sysseek p3744 tp3745 a(g266 V\u005c* p3746 tp3747 a(g212 V(C' p3748 tp3749 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3750 tp3751 a(g212 V, p3752 tp3753 a(g266 V\u005cf p3754 tp3755 a(g212 V(CW p3756 tp3757 a(g266 V\u005c* p3758 tp3759 a(g212 V(C`syswrite p3760 tp3761 a(g266 V\u005c* p3762 tp3763 a(g212 V(C' p3764 tp3765 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3766 tp3767 a(g212 V, p3768 tp3769 a(g266 V\u005cf p3770 tp3771 a(g212 V(CW p3772 tp3773 a(g266 V\u005c* p3774 tp3775 a(g212 V(C`tell p3776 tp3777 a(g266 V\u005c* p3778 tp3779 a(g212 V(C' p3780 tp3781 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3782 tp3783 a(g212 V, p3784 tp3785 a(g266 V\u005cf p3786 tp3787 a(g212 V(CW p3788 tp3789 a(g266 V\u005c* p3790 tp3791 a(g212 V(C`telldir p3792 tp3793 a(g266 V\u005c* p3794 tp3795 a(g212 V(C' p3796 tp3797 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3798 tp3799 a(g212 V, p3800 tp3801 a(g266 V\u005cf p3802 tp3803 a(g212 V(CW p3804 tp3805 a(g266 V\u005c* p3806 tp3807 a(g212 V(C`truncate p3808 tp3809 a(g266 V\u005c* p3810 tp3811 a(g212 V(C' p3812 tp3813 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3814 tp3815 a(g212 V, tp3816 a(g212 V\u000a tp3817 a(g212 V tp3818 a(g266 V\u005c& p3819 tp3820 a(g266 V\u005cf p3821 tp3822 a(g212 V(CW p3823 tp3824 a(g266 V\u005c* p3825 tp3826 a(g212 V(C`warn p3827 tp3828 a(g266 V\u005c* p3829 tp3830 a(g212 V(C' p3831 tp3832 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3833 tp3834 a(g212 V, p3835 tp3836 a(g266 V\u005cf p3837 tp3838 a(g212 V(CW p3839 tp3840 a(g266 V\u005c* p3841 tp3842 a(g212 V(C`write p3843 tp3844 a(g266 V\u005c* p3845 tp3846 a(g212 V(C' p3847 tp3848 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3849 tp3850 a(g212 V\u000a tp3851 a(g212 V. tp3852 a(g134 VIP p3853 tp3854 a(g212 V tp3855 a(g259 V"Functions for fixed length data or records" p3856 tp3857 a(g212 V tp3858 a(g227 V4 tp3859 a(g212 V\u000a tp3860 a(g212 V. tp3861 a(g134 VIX p3862 tp3863 a(g212 V tp3864 a(g240 VItem p3865 tp3866 a(g212 V tp3867 a(g259 V"Functions for fixed length data or records" p3868 tp3869 a(g212 V\u000a tp3870 a(g212 V tp3871 a(g266 V\u005c& p3872 tp3873 a(g266 V\u005cf p3874 tp3875 a(g212 V(CW p3876 tp3877 a(g266 V\u005c* p3878 tp3879 a(g212 V(C`pack p3880 tp3881 a(g266 V\u005c* p3882 tp3883 a(g212 V(C' p3884 tp3885 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3886 tp3887 a(g212 V, p3888 tp3889 a(g266 V\u005cf p3890 tp3891 a(g212 V(CW p3892 tp3893 a(g266 V\u005c* p3894 tp3895 a(g212 V(C`read p3896 tp3897 a(g266 V\u005c* p3898 tp3899 a(g212 V(C' p3900 tp3901 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3902 tp3903 a(g212 V, p3904 tp3905 a(g266 V\u005cf p3906 tp3907 a(g212 V(CW p3908 tp3909 a(g266 V\u005c* p3910 tp3911 a(g212 V(C`syscall p3912 tp3913 a(g266 V\u005c* p3914 tp3915 a(g212 V(C' p3916 tp3917 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3918 tp3919 a(g212 V, p3920 tp3921 a(g266 V\u005cf p3922 tp3923 a(g212 V(CW p3924 tp3925 a(g266 V\u005c* p3926 tp3927 a(g212 V(C`sysread p3928 tp3929 a(g266 V\u005c* p3930 tp3931 a(g212 V(C' p3932 tp3933 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3934 tp3935 a(g212 V, p3936 tp3937 a(g266 V\u005cf p3938 tp3939 a(g212 V(CW p3940 tp3941 a(g266 V\u005c* p3942 tp3943 a(g212 V(C`syswrite p3944 tp3945 a(g266 V\u005c* p3946 tp3947 a(g212 V(C' p3948 tp3949 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3950 tp3951 a(g212 V, p3952 tp3953 a(g266 V\u005cf p3954 tp3955 a(g212 V(CW p3956 tp3957 a(g266 V\u005c* p3958 tp3959 a(g212 V(C`unpack p3960 tp3961 a(g266 V\u005c* p3962 tp3963 a(g212 V(C' p3964 tp3965 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3966 tp3967 a(g212 V, p3968 tp3969 a(g266 V\u005cf p3970 tp3971 a(g212 V(CW p3972 tp3973 a(g266 V\u005c* p3974 tp3975 a(g212 V(C`vec p3976 tp3977 a(g266 V\u005c* p3978 tp3979 a(g212 V(C' p3980 tp3981 a(g266 V\u005cfR p3982 tp3983 a(g212 V\u000a tp3984 a(g212 V. tp3985 a(g134 VIP p3986 tp3987 a(g212 V tp3988 a(g259 V"Functions for filehandles, files, or directories" p3989 tp3990 a(g212 V tp3991 a(g227 V4 tp3992 a(g212 V\u000a tp3993 a(g212 V. tp3994 a(g134 VIX p3995 tp3996 a(g212 V tp3997 a(g240 VXref p3998 tp3999 a(g212 V tp4000 a(g259 V"file filehandle directory pipe link symlink" p4001 tp4002 a(g212 V\u000a tp4003 a(g212 V. tp4004 a(g134 VIX p4005 tp4006 a(g212 V tp4007 a(g240 VItem p4008 tp4009 a(g212 V tp4010 a(g259 V"Functions for filehandles, files, or directories" p4011 tp4012 a(g212 V\u000a tp4013 a(g212 V tp4014 a(g266 V\u005c& p4015 tp4016 a(g266 V\u005cf p4017 tp4018 a(g212 V(CW p4019 tp4020 a(g266 V\u005c* p4021 tp4022 a(g212 V(C` p4023 tp4024 a(g266 V\u005c- p4025 tp4026 a(g266 V\u005cf p4027 tp4028 a(g212 V(CIX p4029 tp4030 a(g266 V\u005cf p4031 tp4032 a(g212 V(CW p4033 tp4034 a(g266 V\u005c* p4035 tp4036 a(g212 V(C' p4037 tp4038 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4039 tp4040 a(g212 V, p4041 tp4042 a(g266 V\u005cf p4043 tp4044 a(g212 V(CW p4045 tp4046 a(g266 V\u005c* p4047 tp4048 a(g212 V(C`chdir p4049 tp4050 a(g266 V\u005c* p4051 tp4052 a(g212 V(C' p4053 tp4054 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4055 tp4056 a(g212 V, p4057 tp4058 a(g266 V\u005cf p4059 tp4060 a(g212 V(CW p4061 tp4062 a(g266 V\u005c* p4063 tp4064 a(g212 V(C`chmod p4065 tp4066 a(g266 V\u005c* p4067 tp4068 a(g212 V(C' p4069 tp4070 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4071 tp4072 a(g212 V, p4073 tp4074 a(g266 V\u005cf p4075 tp4076 a(g212 V(CW p4077 tp4078 a(g266 V\u005c* p4079 tp4080 a(g212 V(C`chown p4081 tp4082 a(g266 V\u005c* p4083 tp4084 a(g212 V(C' p4085 tp4086 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4087 tp4088 a(g212 V, p4089 tp4090 a(g266 V\u005cf p4091 tp4092 a(g212 V(CW p4093 tp4094 a(g266 V\u005c* p4095 tp4096 a(g212 V(C`chroot p4097 tp4098 a(g266 V\u005c* p4099 tp4100 a(g212 V(C' p4101 tp4102 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4103 tp4104 a(g212 V, p4105 tp4106 a(g266 V\u005cf p4107 tp4108 a(g212 V(CW p4109 tp4110 a(g266 V\u005c* p4111 tp4112 a(g212 V(C`fcntl p4113 tp4114 a(g266 V\u005c* p4115 tp4116 a(g212 V(C' p4117 tp4118 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4119 tp4120 a(g212 V, p4121 tp4122 a(g266 V\u005cf p4123 tp4124 a(g212 V(CW p4125 tp4126 a(g266 V\u005c* p4127 tp4128 a(g212 V(C`glob p4129 tp4130 a(g266 V\u005c* p4131 tp4132 a(g212 V(C' p4133 tp4134 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4135 tp4136 a(g212 V, tp4137 a(g212 V\u000a tp4138 a(g212 V tp4139 a(g266 V\u005c& p4140 tp4141 a(g266 V\u005cf p4142 tp4143 a(g212 V(CW p4144 tp4145 a(g266 V\u005c* p4146 tp4147 a(g212 V(C`ioctl p4148 tp4149 a(g266 V\u005c* p4150 tp4151 a(g212 V(C' p4152 tp4153 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4154 tp4155 a(g212 V, p4156 tp4157 a(g266 V\u005cf p4158 tp4159 a(g212 V(CW p4160 tp4161 a(g266 V\u005c* p4162 tp4163 a(g212 V(C`link p4164 tp4165 a(g266 V\u005c* p4166 tp4167 a(g212 V(C' p4168 tp4169 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4170 tp4171 a(g212 V, p4172 tp4173 a(g266 V\u005cf p4174 tp4175 a(g212 V(CW p4176 tp4177 a(g266 V\u005c* p4178 tp4179 a(g212 V(C`lstat p4180 tp4181 a(g266 V\u005c* p4182 tp4183 a(g212 V(C' p4184 tp4185 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4186 tp4187 a(g212 V, p4188 tp4189 a(g266 V\u005cf p4190 tp4191 a(g212 V(CW p4192 tp4193 a(g266 V\u005c* p4194 tp4195 a(g212 V(C`mkdir p4196 tp4197 a(g266 V\u005c* p4198 tp4199 a(g212 V(C' p4200 tp4201 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4202 tp4203 a(g212 V, p4204 tp4205 a(g266 V\u005cf p4206 tp4207 a(g212 V(CW p4208 tp4209 a(g266 V\u005c* p4210 tp4211 a(g212 V(C`open p4212 tp4213 a(g266 V\u005c* p4214 tp4215 a(g212 V(C' p4216 tp4217 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4218 tp4219 a(g212 V, p4220 tp4221 a(g266 V\u005cf p4222 tp4223 a(g212 V(CW p4224 tp4225 a(g266 V\u005c* p4226 tp4227 a(g212 V(C`opendir p4228 tp4229 a(g266 V\u005c* p4230 tp4231 a(g212 V(C' p4232 tp4233 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4234 tp4235 a(g212 V, tp4236 a(g212 V\u000a tp4237 a(g212 V tp4238 a(g266 V\u005c& p4239 tp4240 a(g266 V\u005cf p4241 tp4242 a(g212 V(CW p4243 tp4244 a(g266 V\u005c* p4245 tp4246 a(g212 V(C`readlink p4247 tp4248 a(g266 V\u005c* p4249 tp4250 a(g212 V(C' p4251 tp4252 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4253 tp4254 a(g212 V, p4255 tp4256 a(g266 V\u005cf p4257 tp4258 a(g212 V(CW p4259 tp4260 a(g266 V\u005c* p4261 tp4262 a(g212 V(C`rename p4263 tp4264 a(g266 V\u005c* p4265 tp4266 a(g212 V(C' p4267 tp4268 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4269 tp4270 a(g212 V, p4271 tp4272 a(g266 V\u005cf p4273 tp4274 a(g212 V(CW p4275 tp4276 a(g266 V\u005c* p4277 tp4278 a(g212 V(C`rmdir p4279 tp4280 a(g266 V\u005c* p4281 tp4282 a(g212 V(C' p4283 tp4284 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4285 tp4286 a(g212 V, p4287 tp4288 a(g266 V\u005cf p4289 tp4290 a(g212 V(CW p4291 tp4292 a(g266 V\u005c* p4293 tp4294 a(g212 V(C`stat p4295 tp4296 a(g266 V\u005c* p4297 tp4298 a(g212 V(C' p4299 tp4300 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4301 tp4302 a(g212 V, p4303 tp4304 a(g266 V\u005cf p4305 tp4306 a(g212 V(CW p4307 tp4308 a(g266 V\u005c* p4309 tp4310 a(g212 V(C`symlink p4311 tp4312 a(g266 V\u005c* p4313 tp4314 a(g212 V(C' p4315 tp4316 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4317 tp4318 a(g212 V, p4319 tp4320 a(g266 V\u005cf p4321 tp4322 a(g212 V(CW p4323 tp4324 a(g266 V\u005c* p4325 tp4326 a(g212 V(C`sysopen p4327 tp4328 a(g266 V\u005c* p4329 tp4330 a(g212 V(C' p4331 tp4332 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4333 tp4334 a(g212 V, tp4335 a(g212 V\u000a tp4336 a(g212 V tp4337 a(g266 V\u005c& p4338 tp4339 a(g266 V\u005cf p4340 tp4341 a(g212 V(CW p4342 tp4343 a(g266 V\u005c* p4344 tp4345 a(g212 V(C`umask p4346 tp4347 a(g266 V\u005c* p4348 tp4349 a(g212 V(C' p4350 tp4351 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4352 tp4353 a(g212 V, p4354 tp4355 a(g266 V\u005cf p4356 tp4357 a(g212 V(CW p4358 tp4359 a(g266 V\u005c* p4360 tp4361 a(g212 V(C`unlink p4362 tp4363 a(g266 V\u005c* p4364 tp4365 a(g212 V(C' p4366 tp4367 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4368 tp4369 a(g212 V, p4370 tp4371 a(g266 V\u005cf p4372 tp4373 a(g212 V(CW p4374 tp4375 a(g266 V\u005c* p4376 tp4377 a(g212 V(C`utime p4378 tp4379 a(g266 V\u005c* p4380 tp4381 a(g212 V(C' p4382 tp4383 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4384 tp4385 a(g212 V\u000a tp4386 a(g212 V. tp4387 a(g134 VIP p4388 tp4389 a(g212 V tp4390 a(g259 V"Keywords related to the control flow of your Perl program" p4391 tp4392 a(g212 V tp4393 a(g227 V4 tp4394 a(g212 V\u000a tp4395 a(g212 V. tp4396 a(g134 VIX p4397 tp4398 a(g212 V tp4399 a(g240 VXref p4400 tp4401 a(g212 V tp4402 a(g259 V"control flow" p4403 tp4404 a(g212 V\u000a tp4405 a(g212 V. tp4406 a(g134 VIX p4407 tp4408 a(g212 V tp4409 a(g240 VItem p4410 tp4411 a(g212 V tp4412 a(g259 V"Keywords related to the control flow of your Perl program" p4413 tp4414 a(g212 V\u000a tp4415 a(g212 V tp4416 a(g266 V\u005c& p4417 tp4418 a(g266 V\u005cf p4419 tp4420 a(g212 V(CW p4421 tp4422 a(g266 V\u005c* p4423 tp4424 a(g212 V(C`caller p4425 tp4426 a(g266 V\u005c* p4427 tp4428 a(g212 V(C' p4429 tp4430 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4431 tp4432 a(g212 V, p4433 tp4434 a(g266 V\u005cf p4435 tp4436 a(g212 V(CW p4437 tp4438 a(g266 V\u005c* p4439 tp4440 a(g212 V(C`continue p4441 tp4442 a(g266 V\u005c* p4443 tp4444 a(g212 V(C' p4445 tp4446 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4447 tp4448 a(g212 V, p4449 tp4450 a(g266 V\u005cf p4451 tp4452 a(g212 V(CW p4453 tp4454 a(g266 V\u005c* p4455 tp4456 a(g212 V(C`die p4457 tp4458 a(g266 V\u005c* p4459 tp4460 a(g212 V(C' p4461 tp4462 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4463 tp4464 a(g212 V, p4465 tp4466 a(g266 V\u005cf p4467 tp4468 a(g212 V(CW p4469 tp4470 a(g266 V\u005c* p4471 tp4472 a(g212 V(C`do p4473 tp4474 a(g266 V\u005c* p4475 tp4476 a(g212 V(C' p4477 tp4478 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4479 tp4480 a(g212 V, p4481 tp4482 a(g266 V\u005cf p4483 tp4484 a(g212 V(CW p4485 tp4486 a(g266 V\u005c* p4487 tp4488 a(g212 V(C`dump p4489 tp4490 a(g266 V\u005c* p4491 tp4492 a(g212 V(C' p4493 tp4494 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4495 tp4496 a(g212 V, p4497 tp4498 a(g266 V\u005cf p4499 tp4500 a(g212 V(CW p4501 tp4502 a(g266 V\u005c* p4503 tp4504 a(g212 V(C`eval p4505 tp4506 a(g266 V\u005c* p4507 tp4508 a(g212 V(C' p4509 tp4510 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4511 tp4512 a(g212 V, p4513 tp4514 a(g266 V\u005cf p4515 tp4516 a(g212 V(CW p4517 tp4518 a(g266 V\u005c* p4519 tp4520 a(g212 V(C`exit p4521 tp4522 a(g266 V\u005c* p4523 tp4524 a(g212 V(C' p4525 tp4526 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4527 tp4528 a(g212 V, tp4529 a(g212 V\u000a tp4530 a(g212 V tp4531 a(g266 V\u005c& p4532 tp4533 a(g266 V\u005cf p4534 tp4535 a(g212 V(CW p4536 tp4537 a(g266 V\u005c* p4538 tp4539 a(g212 V(C`goto p4540 tp4541 a(g266 V\u005c* p4542 tp4543 a(g212 V(C' p4544 tp4545 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4546 tp4547 a(g212 V, p4548 tp4549 a(g266 V\u005cf p4550 tp4551 a(g212 V(CW p4552 tp4553 a(g266 V\u005c* p4554 tp4555 a(g212 V(C`last p4556 tp4557 a(g266 V\u005c* p4558 tp4559 a(g212 V(C' p4560 tp4561 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4562 tp4563 a(g212 V, p4564 tp4565 a(g266 V\u005cf p4566 tp4567 a(g212 V(CW p4568 tp4569 a(g266 V\u005c* p4570 tp4571 a(g212 V(C`next p4572 tp4573 a(g266 V\u005c* p4574 tp4575 a(g212 V(C' p4576 tp4577 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4578 tp4579 a(g212 V, p4580 tp4581 a(g266 V\u005cf p4582 tp4583 a(g212 V(CW p4584 tp4585 a(g266 V\u005c* p4586 tp4587 a(g212 V(C`redo p4588 tp4589 a(g266 V\u005c* p4590 tp4591 a(g212 V(C' p4592 tp4593 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4594 tp4595 a(g212 V, p4596 tp4597 a(g266 V\u005cf p4598 tp4599 a(g212 V(CW p4600 tp4601 a(g266 V\u005c* p4602 tp4603 a(g212 V(C`return p4604 tp4605 a(g266 V\u005c* p4606 tp4607 a(g212 V(C' p4608 tp4609 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4610 tp4611 a(g212 V, p4612 tp4613 a(g266 V\u005cf p4614 tp4615 a(g212 V(CW p4616 tp4617 a(g266 V\u005c* p4618 tp4619 a(g212 V(C`sub p4620 tp4621 a(g266 V\u005c* p4622 tp4623 a(g212 V(C' p4624 tp4625 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4626 tp4627 a(g212 V, p4628 tp4629 a(g266 V\u005cf p4630 tp4631 a(g212 V(CW p4632 tp4633 a(g266 V\u005c* p4634 tp4635 a(g212 V(C`wantarray p4636 tp4637 a(g266 V\u005c* p4638 tp4639 a(g212 V(C' p4640 tp4641 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4642 tp4643 a(g212 V\u000a tp4644 a(g212 V. tp4645 a(g134 VIP p4646 tp4647 a(g212 V tp4648 a(g259 V"Keywords related to scoping" p4649 tp4650 a(g212 V tp4651 a(g227 V4 tp4652 a(g212 V\u000a tp4653 a(g212 V. tp4654 a(g134 VIX p4655 tp4656 a(g212 V tp4657 a(g240 VItem p4658 tp4659 a(g212 V tp4660 a(g259 V"Keywords related to scoping" p4661 tp4662 a(g212 V\u000a tp4663 a(g212 V tp4664 a(g266 V\u005c& p4665 tp4666 a(g266 V\u005cf p4667 tp4668 a(g212 V(CW p4669 tp4670 a(g266 V\u005c* p4671 tp4672 a(g212 V(C`caller p4673 tp4674 a(g266 V\u005c* p4675 tp4676 a(g212 V(C' p4677 tp4678 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4679 tp4680 a(g212 V, p4681 tp4682 a(g266 V\u005cf p4683 tp4684 a(g212 V(CW p4685 tp4686 a(g266 V\u005c* p4687 tp4688 a(g212 V(C`import p4689 tp4690 a(g266 V\u005c* p4691 tp4692 a(g212 V(C' p4693 tp4694 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4695 tp4696 a(g212 V, p4697 tp4698 a(g266 V\u005cf p4699 tp4700 a(g212 V(CW p4701 tp4702 a(g266 V\u005c* p4703 tp4704 a(g212 V(C`local p4705 tp4706 a(g266 V\u005c* p4707 tp4708 a(g212 V(C' p4709 tp4710 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4711 tp4712 a(g212 V, p4713 tp4714 a(g266 V\u005cf p4715 tp4716 a(g212 V(CW p4717 tp4718 a(g266 V\u005c* p4719 tp4720 a(g212 V(C`my p4721 tp4722 a(g266 V\u005c* p4723 tp4724 a(g212 V(C' p4725 tp4726 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4727 tp4728 a(g212 V, p4729 tp4730 a(g266 V\u005cf p4731 tp4732 a(g212 V(CW p4733 tp4734 a(g266 V\u005c* p4735 tp4736 a(g212 V(C`our p4737 tp4738 a(g266 V\u005c* p4739 tp4740 a(g212 V(C' p4741 tp4742 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4743 tp4744 a(g212 V, p4745 tp4746 a(g266 V\u005cf p4747 tp4748 a(g212 V(CW p4749 tp4750 a(g266 V\u005c* p4751 tp4752 a(g212 V(C`package p4753 tp4754 a(g266 V\u005c* p4755 tp4756 a(g212 V(C' p4757 tp4758 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4759 tp4760 a(g212 V, p4761 tp4762 a(g266 V\u005cf p4763 tp4764 a(g212 V(CW p4765 tp4766 a(g266 V\u005c* p4767 tp4768 a(g212 V(C`use p4769 tp4770 a(g266 V\u005c* p4771 tp4772 a(g212 V(C' p4773 tp4774 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4775 tp4776 a(g212 V\u000a tp4777 a(g212 V. tp4778 a(g134 VIP p4779 tp4780 a(g212 V tp4781 a(g259 V"Miscellaneous functions" p4782 tp4783 a(g212 V tp4784 a(g227 V4 tp4785 a(g212 V\u000a tp4786 a(g212 V. tp4787 a(g134 VIX p4788 tp4789 a(g212 V tp4790 a(g240 VItem p4791 tp4792 a(g212 V tp4793 a(g259 V"Miscellaneous functions" p4794 tp4795 a(g212 V\u000a tp4796 a(g212 V tp4797 a(g266 V\u005c& p4798 tp4799 a(g266 V\u005cf p4800 tp4801 a(g212 V(CW p4802 tp4803 a(g266 V\u005c* p4804 tp4805 a(g212 V(C`defined p4806 tp4807 a(g266 V\u005c* p4808 tp4809 a(g212 V(C' p4810 tp4811 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4812 tp4813 a(g212 V, p4814 tp4815 a(g266 V\u005cf p4816 tp4817 a(g212 V(CW p4818 tp4819 a(g266 V\u005c* p4820 tp4821 a(g212 V(C`dump p4822 tp4823 a(g266 V\u005c* p4824 tp4825 a(g212 V(C' p4826 tp4827 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4828 tp4829 a(g212 V, p4830 tp4831 a(g266 V\u005cf p4832 tp4833 a(g212 V(CW p4834 tp4835 a(g266 V\u005c* p4836 tp4837 a(g212 V(C`eval p4838 tp4839 a(g266 V\u005c* p4840 tp4841 a(g212 V(C' p4842 tp4843 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4844 tp4845 a(g212 V, p4846 tp4847 a(g266 V\u005cf p4848 tp4849 a(g212 V(CW p4850 tp4851 a(g266 V\u005c* p4852 tp4853 a(g212 V(C`formline p4854 tp4855 a(g266 V\u005c* p4856 tp4857 a(g212 V(C' p4858 tp4859 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4860 tp4861 a(g212 V, p4862 tp4863 a(g266 V\u005cf p4864 tp4865 a(g212 V(CW p4866 tp4867 a(g266 V\u005c* p4868 tp4869 a(g212 V(C`local p4870 tp4871 a(g266 V\u005c* p4872 tp4873 a(g212 V(C' p4874 tp4875 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4876 tp4877 a(g212 V, p4878 tp4879 a(g266 V\u005cf p4880 tp4881 a(g212 V(CW p4882 tp4883 a(g266 V\u005c* p4884 tp4885 a(g212 V(C`my p4886 tp4887 a(g266 V\u005c* p4888 tp4889 a(g212 V(C' p4890 tp4891 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4892 tp4893 a(g212 V, p4894 tp4895 a(g266 V\u005cf p4896 tp4897 a(g212 V(CW p4898 tp4899 a(g266 V\u005c* p4900 tp4901 a(g212 V(C`our p4902 tp4903 a(g266 V\u005c* p4904 tp4905 a(g212 V(C' p4906 tp4907 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4908 tp4909 a(g212 V, p4910 tp4911 a(g266 V\u005cf p4912 tp4913 a(g212 V(CW p4914 tp4915 a(g266 V\u005c* p4916 tp4917 a(g212 V(C`reset p4918 tp4919 a(g266 V\u005c* p4920 tp4921 a(g212 V(C' p4922 tp4923 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4924 tp4925 a(g212 V, tp4926 a(g212 V\u000a tp4927 a(g212 V tp4928 a(g266 V\u005c& p4929 tp4930 a(g266 V\u005cf p4931 tp4932 a(g212 V(CW p4933 tp4934 a(g266 V\u005c* p4935 tp4936 a(g212 V(C`scalar p4937 tp4938 a(g266 V\u005c* p4939 tp4940 a(g212 V(C' p4941 tp4942 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4943 tp4944 a(g212 V, p4945 tp4946 a(g266 V\u005cf p4947 tp4948 a(g212 V(CW p4949 tp4950 a(g266 V\u005c* p4951 tp4952 a(g212 V(C`undef p4953 tp4954 a(g266 V\u005c* p4955 tp4956 a(g212 V(C' p4957 tp4958 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4959 tp4960 a(g212 V, p4961 tp4962 a(g266 V\u005cf p4963 tp4964 a(g212 V(CW p4965 tp4966 a(g266 V\u005c* p4967 tp4968 a(g212 V(C`wantarray p4969 tp4970 a(g266 V\u005c* p4971 tp4972 a(g212 V(C' p4973 tp4974 a(g266 V\u005cfR p4975 tp4976 a(g212 V\u000a tp4977 a(g212 V. tp4978 a(g134 VIP p4979 tp4980 a(g212 V tp4981 a(g259 V"Functions for processes and process groups" p4982 tp4983 a(g212 V tp4984 a(g227 V4 tp4985 a(g212 V\u000a tp4986 a(g212 V. tp4987 a(g134 VIX p4988 tp4989 a(g212 V tp4990 a(g240 VXref p4991 tp4992 a(g212 V tp4993 a(g259 V"process pid process id" p4994 tp4995 a(g212 V\u000a tp4996 a(g212 V. tp4997 a(g134 VIX p4998 tp4999 a(g212 V tp5000 a(g240 VItem p5001 tp5002 a(g212 V tp5003 a(g259 V"Functions for processes and process groups" p5004 tp5005 a(g212 V\u000a tp5006 a(g212 V tp5007 a(g266 V\u005c& p5008 tp5009 a(g266 V\u005cf p5010 tp5011 a(g212 V(CW p5012 tp5013 a(g266 V\u005c* p5014 tp5015 a(g212 V(C`alarm p5016 tp5017 a(g266 V\u005c* p5018 tp5019 a(g212 V(C' p5020 tp5021 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5022 tp5023 a(g212 V, p5024 tp5025 a(g266 V\u005cf p5026 tp5027 a(g212 V(CW p5028 tp5029 a(g266 V\u005c* p5030 tp5031 a(g212 V(C`exec p5032 tp5033 a(g266 V\u005c* p5034 tp5035 a(g212 V(C' p5036 tp5037 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5038 tp5039 a(g212 V, p5040 tp5041 a(g266 V\u005cf p5042 tp5043 a(g212 V(CW p5044 tp5045 a(g266 V\u005c* p5046 tp5047 a(g212 V(C`fork p5048 tp5049 a(g266 V\u005c* p5050 tp5051 a(g212 V(C' p5052 tp5053 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5054 tp5055 a(g212 V, p5056 tp5057 a(g266 V\u005cf p5058 tp5059 a(g212 V(CW p5060 tp5061 a(g266 V\u005c* p5062 tp5063 a(g212 V(C`getpgrp p5064 tp5065 a(g266 V\u005c* p5066 tp5067 a(g212 V(C' p5068 tp5069 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5070 tp5071 a(g212 V, p5072 tp5073 a(g266 V\u005cf p5074 tp5075 a(g212 V(CW p5076 tp5077 a(g266 V\u005c* p5078 tp5079 a(g212 V(C`getppid p5080 tp5081 a(g266 V\u005c* p5082 tp5083 a(g212 V(C' p5084 tp5085 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5086 tp5087 a(g212 V, p5088 tp5089 a(g266 V\u005cf p5090 tp5091 a(g212 V(CW p5092 tp5093 a(g266 V\u005c* p5094 tp5095 a(g212 V(C`getpriority p5096 tp5097 a(g266 V\u005c* p5098 tp5099 a(g212 V(C' p5100 tp5101 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5102 tp5103 a(g212 V, p5104 tp5105 a(g266 V\u005cf p5106 tp5107 a(g212 V(CW p5108 tp5109 a(g266 V\u005c* p5110 tp5111 a(g212 V(C`kill p5112 tp5113 a(g266 V\u005c* p5114 tp5115 a(g212 V(C' p5116 tp5117 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5118 tp5119 a(g212 V, tp5120 a(g212 V\u000a tp5121 a(g212 V tp5122 a(g266 V\u005c& p5123 tp5124 a(g266 V\u005cf p5125 tp5126 a(g212 V(CW p5127 tp5128 a(g266 V\u005c* p5129 tp5130 a(g212 V(C`pipe p5131 tp5132 a(g266 V\u005c* p5133 tp5134 a(g212 V(C' p5135 tp5136 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5137 tp5138 a(g212 V, p5139 tp5140 a(g266 V\u005cf p5141 tp5142 a(g212 V(CW p5143 tp5144 a(g266 V\u005c* p5145 tp5146 a(g212 V(C`qx/STRING/ p5147 tp5148 a(g266 V\u005c* p5149 tp5150 a(g212 V(C' p5151 tp5152 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5153 tp5154 a(g212 V, p5155 tp5156 a(g266 V\u005cf p5157 tp5158 a(g212 V(CW p5159 tp5160 a(g266 V\u005c* p5161 tp5162 a(g212 V(C`setpgrp p5163 tp5164 a(g266 V\u005c* p5165 tp5166 a(g212 V(C' p5167 tp5168 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5169 tp5170 a(g212 V, p5171 tp5172 a(g266 V\u005cf p5173 tp5174 a(g212 V(CW p5175 tp5176 a(g266 V\u005c* p5177 tp5178 a(g212 V(C`setpriority p5179 tp5180 a(g266 V\u005c* p5181 tp5182 a(g212 V(C' p5183 tp5184 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5185 tp5186 a(g212 V, p5187 tp5188 a(g266 V\u005cf p5189 tp5190 a(g212 V(CW p5191 tp5192 a(g266 V\u005c* p5193 tp5194 a(g212 V(C`sleep p5195 tp5196 a(g266 V\u005c* p5197 tp5198 a(g212 V(C' p5199 tp5200 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5201 tp5202 a(g212 V, p5203 tp5204 a(g266 V\u005cf p5205 tp5206 a(g212 V(CW p5207 tp5208 a(g266 V\u005c* p5209 tp5210 a(g212 V(C`system p5211 tp5212 a(g266 V\u005c* p5213 tp5214 a(g212 V(C' p5215 tp5216 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5217 tp5218 a(g212 V, tp5219 a(g212 V\u000a tp5220 a(g212 V tp5221 a(g266 V\u005c& p5222 tp5223 a(g266 V\u005cf p5224 tp5225 a(g212 V(CW p5226 tp5227 a(g266 V\u005c* p5228 tp5229 a(g212 V(C`times p5230 tp5231 a(g266 V\u005c* p5232 tp5233 a(g212 V(C' p5234 tp5235 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5236 tp5237 a(g212 V, p5238 tp5239 a(g266 V\u005cf p5240 tp5241 a(g212 V(CW p5242 tp5243 a(g266 V\u005c* p5244 tp5245 a(g212 V(C`wait p5246 tp5247 a(g266 V\u005c* p5248 tp5249 a(g212 V(C' p5250 tp5251 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5252 tp5253 a(g212 V, p5254 tp5255 a(g266 V\u005cf p5256 tp5257 a(g212 V(CW p5258 tp5259 a(g266 V\u005c* p5260 tp5261 a(g212 V(C`waitpid p5262 tp5263 a(g266 V\u005c* p5264 tp5265 a(g212 V(C' p5266 tp5267 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5268 tp5269 a(g212 V\u000a tp5270 a(g212 V. tp5271 a(g134 VIP p5272 tp5273 a(g212 V tp5274 a(g259 V"Keywords related to perl modules" p5275 tp5276 a(g212 V tp5277 a(g227 V4 tp5278 a(g212 V\u000a tp5279 a(g212 V. tp5280 a(g134 VIX p5281 tp5282 a(g212 V tp5283 a(g240 VXref p5284 tp5285 a(g212 V tp5286 a(g259 V"module" p5287 tp5288 a(g212 V\u000a tp5289 a(g212 V. tp5290 a(g134 VIX p5291 tp5292 a(g212 V tp5293 a(g240 VItem p5294 tp5295 a(g212 V tp5296 a(g259 V"Keywords related to perl modules" p5297 tp5298 a(g212 V\u000a tp5299 a(g212 V tp5300 a(g266 V\u005c& p5301 tp5302 a(g266 V\u005cf p5303 tp5304 a(g212 V(CW p5305 tp5306 a(g266 V\u005c* p5307 tp5308 a(g212 V(C`do p5309 tp5310 a(g266 V\u005c* p5311 tp5312 a(g212 V(C' p5313 tp5314 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5315 tp5316 a(g212 V, p5317 tp5318 a(g266 V\u005cf p5319 tp5320 a(g212 V(CW p5321 tp5322 a(g266 V\u005c* p5323 tp5324 a(g212 V(C`import p5325 tp5326 a(g266 V\u005c* p5327 tp5328 a(g212 V(C' p5329 tp5330 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5331 tp5332 a(g212 V, p5333 tp5334 a(g266 V\u005cf p5335 tp5336 a(g212 V(CW p5337 tp5338 a(g266 V\u005c* p5339 tp5340 a(g212 V(C`no p5341 tp5342 a(g266 V\u005c* p5343 tp5344 a(g212 V(C' p5345 tp5346 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5347 tp5348 a(g212 V, p5349 tp5350 a(g266 V\u005cf p5351 tp5352 a(g212 V(CW p5353 tp5354 a(g266 V\u005c* p5355 tp5356 a(g212 V(C`package p5357 tp5358 a(g266 V\u005c* p5359 tp5360 a(g212 V(C' p5361 tp5362 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5363 tp5364 a(g212 V, p5365 tp5366 a(g266 V\u005cf p5367 tp5368 a(g212 V(CW p5369 tp5370 a(g266 V\u005c* p5371 tp5372 a(g212 V(C`require p5373 tp5374 a(g266 V\u005c* p5375 tp5376 a(g212 V(C' p5377 tp5378 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5379 tp5380 a(g212 V, p5381 tp5382 a(g266 V\u005cf p5383 tp5384 a(g212 V(CW p5385 tp5386 a(g266 V\u005c* p5387 tp5388 a(g212 V(C`use p5389 tp5390 a(g266 V\u005c* p5391 tp5392 a(g212 V(C' p5393 tp5394 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5395 tp5396 a(g212 V\u000a tp5397 a(g212 V. tp5398 a(g134 VIP p5399 tp5400 a(g212 V tp5401 a(g259 V"Keywords related to classes and object-orientedness" p5402 tp5403 a(g212 V tp5404 a(g227 V4 tp5405 a(g212 V\u000a tp5406 a(g212 V. tp5407 a(g134 VIX p5408 tp5409 a(g212 V tp5410 a(g240 VXref p5411 tp5412 a(g212 V tp5413 a(g259 V"object class package" p5414 tp5415 a(g212 V\u000a tp5416 a(g212 V. tp5417 a(g134 VIX p5418 tp5419 a(g212 V tp5420 a(g240 VItem p5421 tp5422 a(g212 V tp5423 a(g259 V"Keywords related to classes and object-orientedness" p5424 tp5425 a(g212 V\u000a tp5426 a(g212 V tp5427 a(g266 V\u005c& p5428 tp5429 a(g266 V\u005cf p5430 tp5431 a(g212 V(CW p5432 tp5433 a(g266 V\u005c* p5434 tp5435 a(g212 V(C`bless p5436 tp5437 a(g266 V\u005c* p5438 tp5439 a(g212 V(C' p5440 tp5441 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5442 tp5443 a(g212 V, p5444 tp5445 a(g266 V\u005cf p5446 tp5447 a(g212 V(CW p5448 tp5449 a(g266 V\u005c* p5450 tp5451 a(g212 V(C`dbmclose p5452 tp5453 a(g266 V\u005c* p5454 tp5455 a(g212 V(C' p5456 tp5457 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5458 tp5459 a(g212 V, p5460 tp5461 a(g266 V\u005cf p5462 tp5463 a(g212 V(CW p5464 tp5465 a(g266 V\u005c* p5466 tp5467 a(g212 V(C`dbmopen p5468 tp5469 a(g266 V\u005c* p5470 tp5471 a(g212 V(C' p5472 tp5473 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5474 tp5475 a(g212 V, p5476 tp5477 a(g266 V\u005cf p5478 tp5479 a(g212 V(CW p5480 tp5481 a(g266 V\u005c* p5482 tp5483 a(g212 V(C`package p5484 tp5485 a(g266 V\u005c* p5486 tp5487 a(g212 V(C' p5488 tp5489 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5490 tp5491 a(g212 V, p5492 tp5493 a(g266 V\u005cf p5494 tp5495 a(g212 V(CW p5496 tp5497 a(g266 V\u005c* p5498 tp5499 a(g212 V(C`ref p5500 tp5501 a(g266 V\u005c* p5502 tp5503 a(g212 V(C' p5504 tp5505 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5506 tp5507 a(g212 V, p5508 tp5509 a(g266 V\u005cf p5510 tp5511 a(g212 V(CW p5512 tp5513 a(g266 V\u005c* p5514 tp5515 a(g212 V(C`tie p5516 tp5517 a(g266 V\u005c* p5518 tp5519 a(g212 V(C' p5520 tp5521 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5522 tp5523 a(g212 V, p5524 tp5525 a(g266 V\u005cf p5526 tp5527 a(g212 V(CW p5528 tp5529 a(g266 V\u005c* p5530 tp5531 a(g212 V(C`tied p5532 tp5533 a(g266 V\u005c* p5534 tp5535 a(g212 V(C' p5536 tp5537 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5538 tp5539 a(g212 V, tp5540 a(g212 V\u000a tp5541 a(g212 V tp5542 a(g266 V\u005c& p5543 tp5544 a(g266 V\u005cf p5545 tp5546 a(g212 V(CW p5547 tp5548 a(g266 V\u005c* p5549 tp5550 a(g212 V(C`untie p5551 tp5552 a(g266 V\u005c* p5553 tp5554 a(g212 V(C' p5555 tp5556 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5557 tp5558 a(g212 V, p5559 tp5560 a(g266 V\u005cf p5561 tp5562 a(g212 V(CW p5563 tp5564 a(g266 V\u005c* p5565 tp5566 a(g212 V(C`use p5567 tp5568 a(g266 V\u005c* p5569 tp5570 a(g212 V(C' p5571 tp5572 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5573 tp5574 a(g212 V\u000a tp5575 a(g212 V. tp5576 a(g134 VIP p5577 tp5578 a(g212 V tp5579 a(g259 V"Low-level socket functions" p5580 tp5581 a(g212 V tp5582 a(g227 V4 tp5583 a(g212 V\u000a tp5584 a(g212 V. tp5585 a(g134 VIX p5586 tp5587 a(g212 V tp5588 a(g240 VXref p5589 tp5590 a(g212 V tp5591 a(g259 V"socket sock" p5592 tp5593 a(g212 V\u000a tp5594 a(g212 V. tp5595 a(g134 VIX p5596 tp5597 a(g212 V tp5598 a(g240 VItem p5599 tp5600 a(g212 V tp5601 a(g259 V"Low-level socket functions" p5602 tp5603 a(g212 V\u000a tp5604 a(g212 V tp5605 a(g266 V\u005c& p5606 tp5607 a(g266 V\u005cf p5608 tp5609 a(g212 V(CW p5610 tp5611 a(g266 V\u005c* p5612 tp5613 a(g212 V(C`accept p5614 tp5615 a(g266 V\u005c* p5616 tp5617 a(g212 V(C' p5618 tp5619 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5620 tp5621 a(g212 V, p5622 tp5623 a(g266 V\u005cf p5624 tp5625 a(g212 V(CW p5626 tp5627 a(g266 V\u005c* p5628 tp5629 a(g212 V(C`bind p5630 tp5631 a(g266 V\u005c* p5632 tp5633 a(g212 V(C' p5634 tp5635 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5636 tp5637 a(g212 V, p5638 tp5639 a(g266 V\u005cf p5640 tp5641 a(g212 V(CW p5642 tp5643 a(g266 V\u005c* p5644 tp5645 a(g212 V(C`connect p5646 tp5647 a(g266 V\u005c* p5648 tp5649 a(g212 V(C' p5650 tp5651 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5652 tp5653 a(g212 V, p5654 tp5655 a(g266 V\u005cf p5656 tp5657 a(g212 V(CW p5658 tp5659 a(g266 V\u005c* p5660 tp5661 a(g212 V(C`getpeername p5662 tp5663 a(g266 V\u005c* p5664 tp5665 a(g212 V(C' p5666 tp5667 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5668 tp5669 a(g212 V, p5670 tp5671 a(g266 V\u005cf p5672 tp5673 a(g212 V(CW p5674 tp5675 a(g266 V\u005c* p5676 tp5677 a(g212 V(C`getsockname p5678 tp5679 a(g266 V\u005c* p5680 tp5681 a(g212 V(C' p5682 tp5683 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5684 tp5685 a(g212 V, tp5686 a(g212 V\u000a tp5687 a(g212 V tp5688 a(g266 V\u005c& p5689 tp5690 a(g266 V\u005cf p5691 tp5692 a(g212 V(CW p5693 tp5694 a(g266 V\u005c* p5695 tp5696 a(g212 V(C`getsockopt p5697 tp5698 a(g266 V\u005c* p5699 tp5700 a(g212 V(C' p5701 tp5702 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5703 tp5704 a(g212 V, p5705 tp5706 a(g266 V\u005cf p5707 tp5708 a(g212 V(CW p5709 tp5710 a(g266 V\u005c* p5711 tp5712 a(g212 V(C`listen p5713 tp5714 a(g266 V\u005c* p5715 tp5716 a(g212 V(C' p5717 tp5718 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5719 tp5720 a(g212 V, p5721 tp5722 a(g266 V\u005cf p5723 tp5724 a(g212 V(CW p5725 tp5726 a(g266 V\u005c* p5727 tp5728 a(g212 V(C`recv p5729 tp5730 a(g266 V\u005c* p5731 tp5732 a(g212 V(C' p5733 tp5734 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5735 tp5736 a(g212 V, p5737 tp5738 a(g266 V\u005cf p5739 tp5740 a(g212 V(CW p5741 tp5742 a(g266 V\u005c* p5743 tp5744 a(g212 V(C`send p5745 tp5746 a(g266 V\u005c* p5747 tp5748 a(g212 V(C' p5749 tp5750 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5751 tp5752 a(g212 V, p5753 tp5754 a(g266 V\u005cf p5755 tp5756 a(g212 V(CW p5757 tp5758 a(g266 V\u005c* p5759 tp5760 a(g212 V(C`setsockopt p5761 tp5762 a(g266 V\u005c* p5763 tp5764 a(g212 V(C' p5765 tp5766 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5767 tp5768 a(g212 V, p5769 tp5770 a(g266 V\u005cf p5771 tp5772 a(g212 V(CW p5773 tp5774 a(g266 V\u005c* p5775 tp5776 a(g212 V(C`shutdown p5777 tp5778 a(g266 V\u005c* p5779 tp5780 a(g212 V(C' p5781 tp5782 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5783 tp5784 a(g212 V, tp5785 a(g212 V\u000a tp5786 a(g212 V tp5787 a(g266 V\u005c& p5788 tp5789 a(g266 V\u005cf p5790 tp5791 a(g212 V(CW p5792 tp5793 a(g266 V\u005c* p5794 tp5795 a(g212 V(C`socket p5796 tp5797 a(g266 V\u005c* p5798 tp5799 a(g212 V(C' p5800 tp5801 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5802 tp5803 a(g212 V, p5804 tp5805 a(g266 V\u005cf p5806 tp5807 a(g212 V(CW p5808 tp5809 a(g266 V\u005c* p5810 tp5811 a(g212 V(C`socketpair p5812 tp5813 a(g266 V\u005c* p5814 tp5815 a(g212 V(C' p5816 tp5817 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5818 tp5819 a(g212 V\u000a tp5820 a(g212 V. tp5821 a(g134 VIP p5822 tp5823 a(g212 V tp5824 a(g259 V"System V interprocess communication functions" p5825 tp5826 a(g212 V tp5827 a(g227 V4 tp5828 a(g212 V\u000a tp5829 a(g212 V. tp5830 a(g134 VIX p5831 tp5832 a(g212 V tp5833 a(g240 VXref p5834 tp5835 a(g212 V tp5836 a(g259 V"IPC System V semaphore shared memory memory message" p5837 tp5838 a(g212 V\u000a tp5839 a(g212 V. tp5840 a(g134 VIX p5841 tp5842 a(g212 V tp5843 a(g240 VItem p5844 tp5845 a(g212 V tp5846 a(g259 V"System V interprocess communication functions" p5847 tp5848 a(g212 V\u000a tp5849 a(g212 V tp5850 a(g266 V\u005c& p5851 tp5852 a(g266 V\u005cf p5853 tp5854 a(g212 V(CW p5855 tp5856 a(g266 V\u005c* p5857 tp5858 a(g212 V(C`msgctl p5859 tp5860 a(g266 V\u005c* p5861 tp5862 a(g212 V(C' p5863 tp5864 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5865 tp5866 a(g212 V, p5867 tp5868 a(g266 V\u005cf p5869 tp5870 a(g212 V(CW p5871 tp5872 a(g266 V\u005c* p5873 tp5874 a(g212 V(C`msgget p5875 tp5876 a(g266 V\u005c* p5877 tp5878 a(g212 V(C' p5879 tp5880 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5881 tp5882 a(g212 V, p5883 tp5884 a(g266 V\u005cf p5885 tp5886 a(g212 V(CW p5887 tp5888 a(g266 V\u005c* p5889 tp5890 a(g212 V(C`msgrcv p5891 tp5892 a(g266 V\u005c* p5893 tp5894 a(g212 V(C' p5895 tp5896 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5897 tp5898 a(g212 V, p5899 tp5900 a(g266 V\u005cf p5901 tp5902 a(g212 V(CW p5903 tp5904 a(g266 V\u005c* p5905 tp5906 a(g212 V(C`msgsnd p5907 tp5908 a(g266 V\u005c* p5909 tp5910 a(g212 V(C' p5911 tp5912 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5913 tp5914 a(g212 V, p5915 tp5916 a(g266 V\u005cf p5917 tp5918 a(g212 V(CW p5919 tp5920 a(g266 V\u005c* p5921 tp5922 a(g212 V(C`semctl p5923 tp5924 a(g266 V\u005c* p5925 tp5926 a(g212 V(C' p5927 tp5928 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5929 tp5930 a(g212 V, p5931 tp5932 a(g266 V\u005cf p5933 tp5934 a(g212 V(CW p5935 tp5936 a(g266 V\u005c* p5937 tp5938 a(g212 V(C`semget p5939 tp5940 a(g266 V\u005c* p5941 tp5942 a(g212 V(C' p5943 tp5944 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5945 tp5946 a(g212 V, p5947 tp5948 a(g266 V\u005cf p5949 tp5950 a(g212 V(CW p5951 tp5952 a(g266 V\u005c* p5953 tp5954 a(g212 V(C`semop p5955 tp5956 a(g266 V\u005c* p5957 tp5958 a(g212 V(C' p5959 tp5960 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5961 tp5962 a(g212 V, tp5963 a(g212 V\u000a tp5964 a(g212 V tp5965 a(g266 V\u005c& p5966 tp5967 a(g266 V\u005cf p5968 tp5969 a(g212 V(CW p5970 tp5971 a(g266 V\u005c* p5972 tp5973 a(g212 V(C`shmctl p5974 tp5975 a(g266 V\u005c* p5976 tp5977 a(g212 V(C' p5978 tp5979 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5980 tp5981 a(g212 V, p5982 tp5983 a(g266 V\u005cf p5984 tp5985 a(g212 V(CW p5986 tp5987 a(g266 V\u005c* p5988 tp5989 a(g212 V(C`shmget p5990 tp5991 a(g266 V\u005c* p5992 tp5993 a(g212 V(C' p5994 tp5995 a(g266 V\u005cfR p5996 tp5997 a(g212 V, p5998 tp5999 a(g266 V\u005cf p6000 tp6001 a(g212 V(CW p6002 tp6003 a(g266 V\u005c* p6004 tp6005 a(g212 V(C`shmread p6006 tp6007 a(g266 V\u005c* p6008 tp6009 a(g212 V(C' p6010 tp6011 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6012 tp6013 a(g212 V, p6014 tp6015 a(g266 V\u005cf p6016 tp6017 a(g212 V(CW p6018 tp6019 a(g266 V\u005c* p6020 tp6021 a(g212 V(C`shmwrite p6022 tp6023 a(g266 V\u005c* p6024 tp6025 a(g212 V(C' p6026 tp6027 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6028 tp6029 a(g212 V\u000a tp6030 a(g212 V. tp6031 a(g134 VIP p6032 tp6033 a(g212 V tp6034 a(g259 V"Fetching user and group info" p6035 tp6036 a(g212 V tp6037 a(g227 V4 tp6038 a(g212 V\u000a tp6039 a(g212 V. tp6040 a(g134 VIX p6041 tp6042 a(g212 V tp6043 a(g240 VXref p6044 tp6045 a(g212 V tp6046 a(g259 V"user group password uid gid passwd etc passwd" p6047 tp6048 a(g212 V\u000a tp6049 a(g212 V. tp6050 a(g134 VIX p6051 tp6052 a(g212 V tp6053 a(g240 VItem p6054 tp6055 a(g212 V tp6056 a(g259 V"Fetching user and group info" p6057 tp6058 a(g212 V\u000a tp6059 a(g212 V tp6060 a(g266 V\u005c& p6061 tp6062 a(g266 V\u005cf p6063 tp6064 a(g212 V(CW p6065 tp6066 a(g266 V\u005c* p6067 tp6068 a(g212 V(C`endgrent p6069 tp6070 a(g266 V\u005c* p6071 tp6072 a(g212 V(C' p6073 tp6074 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6075 tp6076 a(g212 V, p6077 tp6078 a(g266 V\u005cf p6079 tp6080 a(g212 V(CW p6081 tp6082 a(g266 V\u005c* p6083 tp6084 a(g212 V(C`endhostent p6085 tp6086 a(g266 V\u005c* p6087 tp6088 a(g212 V(C' p6089 tp6090 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6091 tp6092 a(g212 V, p6093 tp6094 a(g266 V\u005cf p6095 tp6096 a(g212 V(CW p6097 tp6098 a(g266 V\u005c* p6099 tp6100 a(g212 V(C`endnetent p6101 tp6102 a(g266 V\u005c* p6103 tp6104 a(g212 V(C' p6105 tp6106 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6107 tp6108 a(g212 V, p6109 tp6110 a(g266 V\u005cf p6111 tp6112 a(g212 V(CW p6113 tp6114 a(g266 V\u005c* p6115 tp6116 a(g212 V(C`endpwent p6117 tp6118 a(g266 V\u005c* p6119 tp6120 a(g212 V(C' p6121 tp6122 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6123 tp6124 a(g212 V, p6125 tp6126 a(g266 V\u005cf p6127 tp6128 a(g212 V(CW p6129 tp6130 a(g266 V\u005c* p6131 tp6132 a(g212 V(C`getgrent p6133 tp6134 a(g266 V\u005c* p6135 tp6136 a(g212 V(C' p6137 tp6138 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6139 tp6140 a(g212 V, tp6141 a(g212 V\u000a tp6142 a(g212 V tp6143 a(g266 V\u005c& p6144 tp6145 a(g266 V\u005cf p6146 tp6147 a(g212 V(CW p6148 tp6149 a(g266 V\u005c* p6150 tp6151 a(g212 V(C`getgrgid p6152 tp6153 a(g266 V\u005c* p6154 tp6155 a(g212 V(C' p6156 tp6157 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6158 tp6159 a(g212 V, p6160 tp6161 a(g266 V\u005cf p6162 tp6163 a(g212 V(CW p6164 tp6165 a(g266 V\u005c* p6166 tp6167 a(g212 V(C`getgrnam p6168 tp6169 a(g266 V\u005c* p6170 tp6171 a(g212 V(C' p6172 tp6173 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6174 tp6175 a(g212 V, p6176 tp6177 a(g266 V\u005cf p6178 tp6179 a(g212 V(CW p6180 tp6181 a(g266 V\u005c* p6182 tp6183 a(g212 V(C`getlogin p6184 tp6185 a(g266 V\u005c* p6186 tp6187 a(g212 V(C' p6188 tp6189 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6190 tp6191 a(g212 V, p6192 tp6193 a(g266 V\u005cf p6194 tp6195 a(g212 V(CW p6196 tp6197 a(g266 V\u005c* p6198 tp6199 a(g212 V(C`getpwent p6200 tp6201 a(g266 V\u005c* p6202 tp6203 a(g212 V(C' p6204 tp6205 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6206 tp6207 a(g212 V, p6208 tp6209 a(g266 V\u005cf p6210 tp6211 a(g212 V(CW p6212 tp6213 a(g266 V\u005c* p6214 tp6215 a(g212 V(C`getpwnam p6216 tp6217 a(g266 V\u005c* p6218 tp6219 a(g212 V(C' p6220 tp6221 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6222 tp6223 a(g212 V, tp6224 a(g212 V\u000a tp6225 a(g212 V tp6226 a(g266 V\u005c& p6227 tp6228 a(g266 V\u005cf p6229 tp6230 a(g212 V(CW p6231 tp6232 a(g266 V\u005c* p6233 tp6234 a(g212 V(C`getpwuid p6235 tp6236 a(g266 V\u005c* p6237 tp6238 a(g212 V(C' p6239 tp6240 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6241 tp6242 a(g212 V, p6243 tp6244 a(g266 V\u005cf p6245 tp6246 a(g212 V(CW p6247 tp6248 a(g266 V\u005c* p6249 tp6250 a(g212 V(C`setgrent p6251 tp6252 a(g266 V\u005c* p6253 tp6254 a(g212 V(C' p6255 tp6256 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6257 tp6258 a(g212 V, p6259 tp6260 a(g266 V\u005cf p6261 tp6262 a(g212 V(CW p6263 tp6264 a(g266 V\u005c* p6265 tp6266 a(g212 V(C`setpwent p6267 tp6268 a(g266 V\u005c* p6269 tp6270 a(g212 V(C' p6271 tp6272 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6273 tp6274 a(g212 V\u000a tp6275 a(g212 V. tp6276 a(g134 VIP p6277 tp6278 a(g212 V tp6279 a(g259 V"Fetching network info" p6280 tp6281 a(g212 V tp6282 a(g227 V4 tp6283 a(g212 V\u000a tp6284 a(g212 V. tp6285 a(g134 VIX p6286 tp6287 a(g212 V tp6288 a(g240 VXref p6289 tp6290 a(g212 V tp6291 a(g259 V"network protocol host hostname IP address service" p6292 tp6293 a(g212 V\u000a tp6294 a(g212 V. tp6295 a(g134 VIX p6296 tp6297 a(g212 V tp6298 a(g240 VItem p6299 tp6300 a(g212 V tp6301 a(g259 V"Fetching network info" p6302 tp6303 a(g212 V\u000a tp6304 a(g212 V tp6305 a(g266 V\u005c& p6306 tp6307 a(g266 V\u005cf p6308 tp6309 a(g212 V(CW p6310 tp6311 a(g266 V\u005c* p6312 tp6313 a(g212 V(C`endprotoent p6314 tp6315 a(g266 V\u005c* p6316 tp6317 a(g212 V(C' p6318 tp6319 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6320 tp6321 a(g212 V, p6322 tp6323 a(g266 V\u005cf p6324 tp6325 a(g212 V(CW p6326 tp6327 a(g266 V\u005c* p6328 tp6329 a(g212 V(C`endservent p6330 tp6331 a(g266 V\u005c* p6332 tp6333 a(g212 V(C' p6334 tp6335 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6336 tp6337 a(g212 V, p6338 tp6339 a(g266 V\u005cf p6340 tp6341 a(g212 V(CW p6342 tp6343 a(g266 V\u005c* p6344 tp6345 a(g212 V(C`gethostbyaddr p6346 tp6347 a(g266 V\u005c* p6348 tp6349 a(g212 V(C' p6350 tp6351 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6352 tp6353 a(g212 V, p6354 tp6355 a(g266 V\u005cf p6356 tp6357 a(g212 V(CW p6358 tp6359 a(g266 V\u005c* p6360 tp6361 a(g212 V(C`gethostbyname p6362 tp6363 a(g266 V\u005c* p6364 tp6365 a(g212 V(C' p6366 tp6367 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6368 tp6369 a(g212 V, tp6370 a(g212 V\u000a tp6371 a(g212 V tp6372 a(g266 V\u005c& p6373 tp6374 a(g266 V\u005cf p6375 tp6376 a(g212 V(CW p6377 tp6378 a(g266 V\u005c* p6379 tp6380 a(g212 V(C`gethostent p6381 tp6382 a(g266 V\u005c* p6383 tp6384 a(g212 V(C' p6385 tp6386 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6387 tp6388 a(g212 V, p6389 tp6390 a(g266 V\u005cf p6391 tp6392 a(g212 V(CW p6393 tp6394 a(g266 V\u005c* p6395 tp6396 a(g212 V(C`getnetbyaddr p6397 tp6398 a(g266 V\u005c* p6399 tp6400 a(g212 V(C' p6401 tp6402 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6403 tp6404 a(g212 V, p6405 tp6406 a(g266 V\u005cf p6407 tp6408 a(g212 V(CW p6409 tp6410 a(g266 V\u005c* p6411 tp6412 a(g212 V(C`getnetbyname p6413 tp6414 a(g266 V\u005c* p6415 tp6416 a(g212 V(C' p6417 tp6418 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6419 tp6420 a(g212 V, p6421 tp6422 a(g266 V\u005cf p6423 tp6424 a(g212 V(CW p6425 tp6426 a(g266 V\u005c* p6427 tp6428 a(g212 V(C`getnetent p6429 tp6430 a(g266 V\u005c* p6431 tp6432 a(g212 V(C' p6433 tp6434 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6435 tp6436 a(g212 V, tp6437 a(g212 V\u000a tp6438 a(g212 V tp6439 a(g266 V\u005c& p6440 tp6441 a(g266 V\u005cf p6442 tp6443 a(g212 V(CW p6444 tp6445 a(g266 V\u005c* p6446 tp6447 a(g212 V(C`getprotobyname p6448 tp6449 a(g266 V\u005c* p6450 tp6451 a(g212 V(C' p6452 tp6453 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6454 tp6455 a(g212 V, p6456 tp6457 a(g266 V\u005cf p6458 tp6459 a(g212 V(CW p6460 tp6461 a(g266 V\u005c* p6462 tp6463 a(g212 V(C`getprotobynumber p6464 tp6465 a(g266 V\u005c* p6466 tp6467 a(g212 V(C' p6468 tp6469 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6470 tp6471 a(g212 V, p6472 tp6473 a(g266 V\u005cf p6474 tp6475 a(g212 V(CW p6476 tp6477 a(g266 V\u005c* p6478 tp6479 a(g212 V(C`getprotoent p6480 tp6481 a(g266 V\u005c* p6482 tp6483 a(g212 V(C' p6484 tp6485 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6486 tp6487 a(g212 V, tp6488 a(g212 V\u000a tp6489 a(g212 V tp6490 a(g266 V\u005c& p6491 tp6492 a(g266 V\u005cf p6493 tp6494 a(g212 V(CW p6495 tp6496 a(g266 V\u005c* p6497 tp6498 a(g212 V(C`getservbyname p6499 tp6500 a(g266 V\u005c* p6501 tp6502 a(g212 V(C' p6503 tp6504 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6505 tp6506 a(g212 V, p6507 tp6508 a(g266 V\u005cf p6509 tp6510 a(g212 V(CW p6511 tp6512 a(g266 V\u005c* p6513 tp6514 a(g212 V(C`getservbyport p6515 tp6516 a(g266 V\u005c* p6517 tp6518 a(g212 V(C' p6519 tp6520 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6521 tp6522 a(g212 V, p6523 tp6524 a(g266 V\u005cf p6525 tp6526 a(g212 V(CW p6527 tp6528 a(g266 V\u005c* p6529 tp6530 a(g212 V(C`getservent p6531 tp6532 a(g266 V\u005c* p6533 tp6534 a(g212 V(C' p6535 tp6536 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6537 tp6538 a(g212 V, p6539 tp6540 a(g266 V\u005cf p6541 tp6542 a(g212 V(CW p6543 tp6544 a(g266 V\u005c* p6545 tp6546 a(g212 V(C`sethostent p6547 tp6548 a(g266 V\u005c* p6549 tp6550 a(g212 V(C' p6551 tp6552 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6553 tp6554 a(g212 V, tp6555 a(g212 V\u000a tp6556 a(g212 V tp6557 a(g266 V\u005c& p6558 tp6559 a(g266 V\u005cf p6560 tp6561 a(g212 V(CW p6562 tp6563 a(g266 V\u005c* p6564 tp6565 a(g212 V(C`setnetent p6566 tp6567 a(g266 V\u005c* p6568 tp6569 a(g212 V(C' p6570 tp6571 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6572 tp6573 a(g212 V, p6574 tp6575 a(g266 V\u005cf p6576 tp6577 a(g212 V(CW p6578 tp6579 a(g266 V\u005c* p6580 tp6581 a(g212 V(C`setprotoent p6582 tp6583 a(g266 V\u005c* p6584 tp6585 a(g212 V(C' p6586 tp6587 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6588 tp6589 a(g212 V, p6590 tp6591 a(g266 V\u005cf p6592 tp6593 a(g212 V(CW p6594 tp6595 a(g266 V\u005c* p6596 tp6597 a(g212 V(C`setservent p6598 tp6599 a(g266 V\u005c* p6600 tp6601 a(g212 V(C' p6602 tp6603 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6604 tp6605 a(g212 V\u000a tp6606 a(g212 V. tp6607 a(g134 VIP p6608 tp6609 a(g212 V tp6610 a(g259 V"Time-related functions" p6611 tp6612 a(g212 V tp6613 a(g227 V4 tp6614 a(g212 V\u000a tp6615 a(g212 V. tp6616 a(g134 VIX p6617 tp6618 a(g212 V tp6619 a(g240 VXref p6620 tp6621 a(g212 V tp6622 a(g259 V"time date" p6623 tp6624 a(g212 V\u000a tp6625 a(g212 V. tp6626 a(g134 VIX p6627 tp6628 a(g212 V tp6629 a(g240 VItem p6630 tp6631 a(g212 V tp6632 a(g259 V"Time-related functions" p6633 tp6634 a(g212 V\u000a tp6635 a(g212 V tp6636 a(g266 V\u005c& p6637 tp6638 a(g266 V\u005cf p6639 tp6640 a(g212 V(CW p6641 tp6642 a(g266 V\u005c* p6643 tp6644 a(g212 V(C`gmtime p6645 tp6646 a(g266 V\u005c* p6647 tp6648 a(g212 V(C' p6649 tp6650 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6651 tp6652 a(g212 V, p6653 tp6654 a(g266 V\u005cf p6655 tp6656 a(g212 V(CW p6657 tp6658 a(g266 V\u005c* p6659 tp6660 a(g212 V(C`localtime p6661 tp6662 a(g266 V\u005c* p6663 tp6664 a(g212 V(C' p6665 tp6666 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6667 tp6668 a(g212 V, p6669 tp6670 a(g266 V\u005cf p6671 tp6672 a(g212 V(CW p6673 tp6674 a(g266 V\u005c* p6675 tp6676 a(g212 V(C`time p6677 tp6678 a(g266 V\u005c* p6679 tp6680 a(g212 V(C' p6681 tp6682 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6683 tp6684 a(g212 V, p6685 tp6686 a(g266 V\u005cf p6687 tp6688 a(g212 V(CW p6689 tp6690 a(g266 V\u005c* p6691 tp6692 a(g212 V(C`times p6693 tp6694 a(g266 V\u005c* p6695 tp6696 a(g212 V(C' p6697 tp6698 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6699 tp6700 a(g212 V\u000a tp6701 a(g212 V. tp6702 a(g134 VIP p6703 tp6704 a(g212 V tp6705 a(g259 V"Functions new in perl5" p6706 tp6707 a(g212 V tp6708 a(g227 V4 tp6709 a(g212 V\u000a tp6710 a(g212 V. tp6711 a(g134 VIX p6712 tp6713 a(g212 V tp6714 a(g240 VXref p6715 tp6716 a(g212 V tp6717 a(g259 V"perl5" p6718 tp6719 a(g212 V\u000a tp6720 a(g212 V. tp6721 a(g134 VIX p6722 tp6723 a(g212 V tp6724 a(g240 VItem p6725 tp6726 a(g212 V tp6727 a(g259 V"Functions new in perl5" p6728 tp6729 a(g212 V\u000a tp6730 a(g212 V tp6731 a(g266 V\u005c& p6732 tp6733 a(g266 V\u005cf p6734 tp6735 a(g212 V(CW p6736 tp6737 a(g266 V\u005c* p6738 tp6739 a(g212 V(C`abs p6740 tp6741 a(g266 V\u005c* p6742 tp6743 a(g212 V(C' p6744 tp6745 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6746 tp6747 a(g212 V, p6748 tp6749 a(g266 V\u005cf p6750 tp6751 a(g212 V(CW p6752 tp6753 a(g266 V\u005c* p6754 tp6755 a(g212 V(C`bless p6756 tp6757 a(g266 V\u005c* p6758 tp6759 a(g212 V(C' p6760 tp6761 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6762 tp6763 a(g212 V, p6764 tp6765 a(g266 V\u005cf p6766 tp6767 a(g212 V(CW p6768 tp6769 a(g266 V\u005c* p6770 tp6771 a(g212 V(C`chomp p6772 tp6773 a(g266 V\u005c* p6774 tp6775 a(g212 V(C' p6776 tp6777 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6778 tp6779 a(g212 V, p6780 tp6781 a(g266 V\u005cf p6782 tp6783 a(g212 V(CW p6784 tp6785 a(g266 V\u005c* p6786 tp6787 a(g212 V(C`chr p6788 tp6789 a(g266 V\u005c* p6790 tp6791 a(g212 V(C' p6792 tp6793 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6794 tp6795 a(g212 V, p6796 tp6797 a(g266 V\u005cf p6798 tp6799 a(g212 V(CW p6800 tp6801 a(g266 V\u005c* p6802 tp6803 a(g212 V(C`exists p6804 tp6805 a(g266 V\u005c* p6806 tp6807 a(g212 V(C' p6808 tp6809 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6810 tp6811 a(g212 V, p6812 tp6813 a(g266 V\u005cf p6814 tp6815 a(g212 V(CW p6816 tp6817 a(g266 V\u005c* p6818 tp6819 a(g212 V(C`formline p6820 tp6821 a(g266 V\u005c* p6822 tp6823 a(g212 V(C' p6824 tp6825 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6826 tp6827 a(g212 V, p6828 tp6829 a(g266 V\u005cf p6830 tp6831 a(g212 V(CW p6832 tp6833 a(g266 V\u005c* p6834 tp6835 a(g212 V(C`glob p6836 tp6837 a(g266 V\u005c* p6838 tp6839 a(g212 V(C' p6840 tp6841 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6842 tp6843 a(g212 V, tp6844 a(g212 V\u000a tp6845 a(g212 V tp6846 a(g266 V\u005c& p6847 tp6848 a(g266 V\u005cf p6849 tp6850 a(g212 V(CW p6851 tp6852 a(g266 V\u005c* p6853 tp6854 a(g212 V(C`import p6855 tp6856 a(g266 V\u005c* p6857 tp6858 a(g212 V(C' p6859 tp6860 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6861 tp6862 a(g212 V, p6863 tp6864 a(g266 V\u005cf p6865 tp6866 a(g212 V(CW p6867 tp6868 a(g266 V\u005c* p6869 tp6870 a(g212 V(C`lc p6871 tp6872 a(g266 V\u005c* p6873 tp6874 a(g212 V(C' p6875 tp6876 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6877 tp6878 a(g212 V, p6879 tp6880 a(g266 V\u005cf p6881 tp6882 a(g212 V(CW p6883 tp6884 a(g266 V\u005c* p6885 tp6886 a(g212 V(C`lcfirst p6887 tp6888 a(g266 V\u005c* p6889 tp6890 a(g212 V(C' p6891 tp6892 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6893 tp6894 a(g212 V, p6895 tp6896 a(g266 V\u005cf p6897 tp6898 a(g212 V(CW p6899 tp6900 a(g266 V\u005c* p6901 tp6902 a(g212 V(C`map p6903 tp6904 a(g266 V\u005c* p6905 tp6906 a(g212 V(C' p6907 tp6908 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6909 tp6910 a(g212 V, p6911 tp6912 a(g266 V\u005cf p6913 tp6914 a(g212 V(CW p6915 tp6916 a(g266 V\u005c* p6917 tp6918 a(g212 V(C`my p6919 tp6920 a(g266 V\u005c* p6921 tp6922 a(g212 V(C' p6923 tp6924 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6925 tp6926 a(g212 V, p6927 tp6928 a(g266 V\u005cf p6929 tp6930 a(g212 V(CW p6931 tp6932 a(g266 V\u005c* p6933 tp6934 a(g212 V(C`no p6935 tp6936 a(g266 V\u005c* p6937 tp6938 a(g212 V(C' p6939 tp6940 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6941 tp6942 a(g212 V, p6943 tp6944 a(g266 V\u005cf p6945 tp6946 a(g212 V(CW p6947 tp6948 a(g266 V\u005c* p6949 tp6950 a(g212 V(C`our p6951 tp6952 a(g266 V\u005c* p6953 tp6954 a(g212 V(C' p6955 tp6956 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6957 tp6958 a(g212 V, p6959 tp6960 a(g266 V\u005cf p6961 tp6962 a(g212 V(CW p6963 tp6964 a(g266 V\u005c* p6965 tp6966 a(g212 V(C`prototype p6967 tp6968 a(g266 V\u005c* p6969 tp6970 a(g212 V(C' p6971 tp6972 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6973 tp6974 a(g212 V, tp6975 a(g212 V\u000a tp6976 a(g212 V tp6977 a(g266 V\u005c& p6978 tp6979 a(g266 V\u005cf p6980 tp6981 a(g212 V(CW p6982 tp6983 a(g266 V\u005c* p6984 tp6985 a(g212 V(C`qx p6986 tp6987 a(g266 V\u005c* p6988 tp6989 a(g212 V(C' p6990 tp6991 a(g266 V\u005cfR p6992 tp6993 a(g212 V, p6994 tp6995 a(g266 V\u005cf p6996 tp6997 a(g212 V(CW p6998 tp6999 a(g266 V\u005c* p7000 tp7001 a(g212 V(C`qw p7002 tp7003 a(g266 V\u005c* p7004 tp7005 a(g212 V(C' p7006 tp7007 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7008 tp7009 a(g212 V, p7010 tp7011 a(g266 V\u005cf p7012 tp7013 a(g212 V(CW p7014 tp7015 a(g266 V\u005c* p7016 tp7017 a(g212 V(C`readline p7018 tp7019 a(g266 V\u005c* p7020 tp7021 a(g212 V(C' p7022 tp7023 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7024 tp7025 a(g212 V, p7026 tp7027 a(g266 V\u005cf p7028 tp7029 a(g212 V(CW p7030 tp7031 a(g266 V\u005c* p7032 tp7033 a(g212 V(C`readpipe p7034 tp7035 a(g266 V\u005c* p7036 tp7037 a(g212 V(C' p7038 tp7039 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7040 tp7041 a(g212 V, p7042 tp7043 a(g266 V\u005cf p7044 tp7045 a(g212 V(CW p7046 tp7047 a(g266 V\u005c* p7048 tp7049 a(g212 V(C`ref p7050 tp7051 a(g266 V\u005c* p7052 tp7053 a(g212 V(C' p7054 tp7055 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7056 tp7057 a(g212 V, p7058 tp7059 a(g266 V\u005cf p7060 tp7061 a(g212 V(CW p7062 tp7063 a(g266 V\u005c* p7064 tp7065 a(g212 V(C`sub* p7066 tp7067 a(g266 V\u005c* p7068 tp7069 a(g212 V(C' p7070 tp7071 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7072 tp7073 a(g212 V, p7074 tp7075 a(g266 V\u005cf p7076 tp7077 a(g212 V(CW p7078 tp7079 a(g266 V\u005c* p7080 tp7081 a(g212 V(C`sysopen p7082 tp7083 a(g266 V\u005c* p7084 tp7085 a(g212 V(C' p7086 tp7087 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7088 tp7089 a(g212 V, p7090 tp7091 a(g266 V\u005cf p7092 tp7093 a(g212 V(CW p7094 tp7095 a(g266 V\u005c* p7096 tp7097 a(g212 V(C`tie p7098 tp7099 a(g266 V\u005c* p7100 tp7101 a(g212 V(C' p7102 tp7103 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7104 tp7105 a(g212 V, tp7106 a(g212 V\u000a tp7107 a(g212 V tp7108 a(g266 V\u005c& p7109 tp7110 a(g266 V\u005cf p7111 tp7112 a(g212 V(CW p7113 tp7114 a(g266 V\u005c* p7115 tp7116 a(g212 V(C`tied p7117 tp7118 a(g266 V\u005c* p7119 tp7120 a(g212 V(C' p7121 tp7122 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7123 tp7124 a(g212 V, p7125 tp7126 a(g266 V\u005cf p7127 tp7128 a(g212 V(CW p7129 tp7130 a(g266 V\u005c* p7131 tp7132 a(g212 V(C`uc p7133 tp7134 a(g266 V\u005c* p7135 tp7136 a(g212 V(C' p7137 tp7138 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7139 tp7140 a(g212 V, p7141 tp7142 a(g266 V\u005cf p7143 tp7144 a(g212 V(CW p7145 tp7146 a(g266 V\u005c* p7147 tp7148 a(g212 V(C`ucfirst p7149 tp7150 a(g266 V\u005c* p7151 tp7152 a(g212 V(C' p7153 tp7154 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7155 tp7156 a(g212 V, p7157 tp7158 a(g266 V\u005cf p7159 tp7160 a(g212 V(CW p7161 tp7162 a(g266 V\u005c* p7163 tp7164 a(g212 V(C`untie p7165 tp7166 a(g266 V\u005c* p7167 tp7168 a(g212 V(C' p7169 tp7170 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7171 tp7172 a(g212 V, p7173 tp7174 a(g266 V\u005cf p7175 tp7176 a(g212 V(CW p7177 tp7178 a(g266 V\u005c* p7179 tp7180 a(g212 V(C`use p7181 tp7182 a(g266 V\u005c* p7183 tp7184 a(g212 V(C' p7185 tp7186 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7187 tp7188 a(g212 V\u000a tp7189 a(g212 V. tp7190 a(g134 VSp p7191 tp7192 a(g212 V\u000a tp7193 a(g212 V* p7194 tp7195 a(g266 V\u005c- p7196 tp7197 a(g212 V tp7198 a(g266 V\u005cf p7199 tp7200 a(g212 V(CW p7201 tp7202 a(g266 V\u005c* p7203 tp7204 a(g212 V(C`sub p7205 tp7206 a(g266 V\u005c* p7207 tp7208 a(g212 V(C' p7209 tp7210 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7211 tp7212 a(g212 V was a keyword in perl4, but in perl5 it is an p7213 tp7214 a(g212 V\u000a tp7215 a(g212 Voperator, which can be used in expressions. p7216 tp7217 a(g212 V\u000a tp7218 a(g212 V. tp7219 a(g134 VIP p7220 tp7221 a(g212 V tp7222 a(g259 V"Functions obsoleted in perl5" p7223 tp7224 a(g212 V tp7225 a(g227 V4 tp7226 a(g212 V\u000a tp7227 a(g212 V. tp7228 a(g134 VIX p7229 tp7230 a(g212 V tp7231 a(g240 VItem p7232 tp7233 a(g212 V tp7234 a(g259 V"Functions obsoleted in perl5" p7235 tp7236 a(g212 V\u000a tp7237 a(g212 V tp7238 a(g266 V\u005c& p7239 tp7240 a(g266 V\u005cf p7241 tp7242 a(g212 V(CW p7243 tp7244 a(g266 V\u005c* p7245 tp7246 a(g212 V(C`dbmclose p7247 tp7248 a(g266 V\u005c* p7249 tp7250 a(g212 V(C' p7251 tp7252 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7253 tp7254 a(g212 V, p7255 tp7256 a(g266 V\u005cf p7257 tp7258 a(g212 V(CW p7259 tp7260 a(g266 V\u005c* p7261 tp7262 a(g212 V(C`dbmopen p7263 tp7264 a(g266 V\u005c* p7265 tp7266 a(g212 V(C' p7267 tp7268 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7269 tp7270 a(g212 V\u000a tp7271 a(g212 V. tp7272 a(g134 VSh p7273 tp7274 a(g212 V tp7275 a(g259 V"Portability" p7276 tp7277 a(g212 V\u000a tp7278 a(g212 V. tp7279 a(g134 VIX p7280 tp7281 a(g212 V tp7282 a(g240 VXref p7283 tp7284 a(g212 V tp7285 a(g259 V"portability Unix portable" p7286 tp7287 a(g212 V\u000a tp7288 a(g212 V. tp7289 a(g134 VIX p7290 tp7291 a(g212 V tp7292 a(g240 VSubsection p7293 tp7294 a(g212 V tp7295 a(g259 V"Portability" p7296 tp7297 a(g212 V\u000a tp7298 a(g212 VPerl was born in Unix and can therefore access all common Unix p7299 tp7300 a(g212 V\u000a tp7301 a(g212 Vsystem calls. In non-Unix environments, the functionality of some p7302 tp7303 a(g212 V\u000a tp7304 a(g212 VUnix system calls may not be available, or details of the available p7305 tp7306 a(g212 V\u000a tp7307 a(g212 Vfunctionality may differ slightly. The Perl functions affected p7308 tp7309 a(g212 V\u000a tp7310 a(g212 Vby this are: p7311 tp7312 a(g212 V\u000a tp7313 a(g212 V. tp7314 a(g134 VPP p7315 tp7316 a(g212 V\u000a tp7317 a(g212 V tp7318 a(g266 V\u005c& p7319 tp7320 a(g266 V\u005cf p7321 tp7322 a(g212 V(CW p7323 tp7324 a(g266 V\u005c* p7325 tp7326 a(g212 V(C` p7327 tp7328 a(g266 V\u005c- p7329 tp7330 a(g212 VX tp7331 a(g266 V\u005c* p7332 tp7333 a(g212 V(C' p7334 tp7335 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7336 tp7337 a(g212 V, p7338 tp7339 a(g266 V\u005cf p7340 tp7341 a(g212 V(CW p7342 tp7343 a(g266 V\u005c* p7344 tp7345 a(g212 V(C`binmode p7346 tp7347 a(g266 V\u005c* p7348 tp7349 a(g212 V(C' p7350 tp7351 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7352 tp7353 a(g212 V, p7354 tp7355 a(g266 V\u005cf p7356 tp7357 a(g212 V(CW p7358 tp7359 a(g266 V\u005c* p7360 tp7361 a(g212 V(C`chmod p7362 tp7363 a(g266 V\u005c* p7364 tp7365 a(g212 V(C' p7366 tp7367 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7368 tp7369 a(g212 V, p7370 tp7371 a(g266 V\u005cf p7372 tp7373 a(g212 V(CW p7374 tp7375 a(g266 V\u005c* p7376 tp7377 a(g212 V(C`chown p7378 tp7379 a(g266 V\u005c* p7380 tp7381 a(g212 V(C' p7382 tp7383 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7384 tp7385 a(g212 V, p7386 tp7387 a(g266 V\u005cf p7388 tp7389 a(g212 V(CW p7390 tp7391 a(g266 V\u005c* p7392 tp7393 a(g212 V(C`chroot p7394 tp7395 a(g266 V\u005c* p7396 tp7397 a(g212 V(C' p7398 tp7399 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7400 tp7401 a(g212 V, p7402 tp7403 a(g266 V\u005cf p7404 tp7405 a(g212 V(CW p7406 tp7407 a(g266 V\u005c* p7408 tp7409 a(g212 V(C`crypt p7410 tp7411 a(g266 V\u005c* p7412 tp7413 a(g212 V(C' p7414 tp7415 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7416 tp7417 a(g212 V, tp7418 a(g212 V\u000a tp7419 a(g212 V tp7420 a(g266 V\u005c& p7421 tp7422 a(g266 V\u005cf p7423 tp7424 a(g212 V(CW p7425 tp7426 a(g266 V\u005c* p7427 tp7428 a(g212 V(C`dbmclose p7429 tp7430 a(g266 V\u005c* p7431 tp7432 a(g212 V(C' p7433 tp7434 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7435 tp7436 a(g212 V, p7437 tp7438 a(g266 V\u005cf p7439 tp7440 a(g212 V(CW p7441 tp7442 a(g266 V\u005c* p7443 tp7444 a(g212 V(C`dbmopen p7445 tp7446 a(g266 V\u005c* p7447 tp7448 a(g212 V(C' p7449 tp7450 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7451 tp7452 a(g212 V, p7453 tp7454 a(g266 V\u005cf p7455 tp7456 a(g212 V(CW p7457 tp7458 a(g266 V\u005c* p7459 tp7460 a(g212 V(C`dump p7461 tp7462 a(g266 V\u005c* p7463 tp7464 a(g212 V(C' p7465 tp7466 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7467 tp7468 a(g212 V, p7469 tp7470 a(g266 V\u005cf p7471 tp7472 a(g212 V(CW p7473 tp7474 a(g266 V\u005c* p7475 tp7476 a(g212 V(C`endgrent p7477 tp7478 a(g266 V\u005c* p7479 tp7480 a(g212 V(C' p7481 tp7482 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7483 tp7484 a(g212 V, p7485 tp7486 a(g266 V\u005cf p7487 tp7488 a(g212 V(CW p7489 tp7490 a(g266 V\u005c* p7491 tp7492 a(g212 V(C`endhostent p7493 tp7494 a(g266 V\u005c* p7495 tp7496 a(g212 V(C' p7497 tp7498 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7499 tp7500 a(g212 V, tp7501 a(g212 V\u000a tp7502 a(g212 V tp7503 a(g266 V\u005c& p7504 tp7505 a(g266 V\u005cf p7506 tp7507 a(g212 V(CW p7508 tp7509 a(g266 V\u005c* p7510 tp7511 a(g212 V(C`endnetent p7512 tp7513 a(g266 V\u005c* p7514 tp7515 a(g212 V(C' p7516 tp7517 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7518 tp7519 a(g212 V, p7520 tp7521 a(g266 V\u005cf p7522 tp7523 a(g212 V(CW p7524 tp7525 a(g266 V\u005c* p7526 tp7527 a(g212 V(C`endprotoent p7528 tp7529 a(g266 V\u005c* p7530 tp7531 a(g212 V(C' p7532 tp7533 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7534 tp7535 a(g212 V, p7536 tp7537 a(g266 V\u005cf p7538 tp7539 a(g212 V(CW p7540 tp7541 a(g266 V\u005c* p7542 tp7543 a(g212 V(C`endpwent p7544 tp7545 a(g266 V\u005c* p7546 tp7547 a(g212 V(C' p7548 tp7549 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7550 tp7551 a(g212 V, p7552 tp7553 a(g266 V\u005cf p7554 tp7555 a(g212 V(CW p7556 tp7557 a(g266 V\u005c* p7558 tp7559 a(g212 V(C`endservent p7560 tp7561 a(g266 V\u005c* p7562 tp7563 a(g212 V(C' p7564 tp7565 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7566 tp7567 a(g212 V, p7568 tp7569 a(g266 V\u005cf p7570 tp7571 a(g212 V(CW p7572 tp7573 a(g266 V\u005c* p7574 tp7575 a(g212 V(C`exec p7576 tp7577 a(g266 V\u005c* p7578 tp7579 a(g212 V(C' p7580 tp7581 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7582 tp7583 a(g212 V, tp7584 a(g212 V\u000a tp7585 a(g212 V tp7586 a(g266 V\u005c& p7587 tp7588 a(g266 V\u005cf p7589 tp7590 a(g212 V(CW p7591 tp7592 a(g266 V\u005c* p7593 tp7594 a(g212 V(C`fcntl p7595 tp7596 a(g266 V\u005c* p7597 tp7598 a(g212 V(C' p7599 tp7600 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7601 tp7602 a(g212 V, p7603 tp7604 a(g266 V\u005cf p7605 tp7606 a(g212 V(CW p7607 tp7608 a(g266 V\u005c* p7609 tp7610 a(g212 V(C`flock p7611 tp7612 a(g266 V\u005c* p7613 tp7614 a(g212 V(C' p7615 tp7616 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7617 tp7618 a(g212 V, p7619 tp7620 a(g266 V\u005cf p7621 tp7622 a(g212 V(CW p7623 tp7624 a(g266 V\u005c* p7625 tp7626 a(g212 V(C`fork p7627 tp7628 a(g266 V\u005c* p7629 tp7630 a(g212 V(C' p7631 tp7632 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7633 tp7634 a(g212 V, p7635 tp7636 a(g266 V\u005cf p7637 tp7638 a(g212 V(CW p7639 tp7640 a(g266 V\u005c* p7641 tp7642 a(g212 V(C`getgrent p7643 tp7644 a(g266 V\u005c* p7645 tp7646 a(g212 V(C' p7647 tp7648 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7649 tp7650 a(g212 V, p7651 tp7652 a(g266 V\u005cf p7653 tp7654 a(g212 V(CW p7655 tp7656 a(g266 V\u005c* p7657 tp7658 a(g212 V(C`getgrgid p7659 tp7660 a(g266 V\u005c* p7661 tp7662 a(g212 V(C' p7663 tp7664 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7665 tp7666 a(g212 V, p7667 tp7668 a(g266 V\u005cf p7669 tp7670 a(g212 V(CW p7671 tp7672 a(g266 V\u005c* p7673 tp7674 a(g212 V(C`gethostbyname p7675 tp7676 a(g266 V\u005c* p7677 tp7678 a(g212 V(C' p7679 tp7680 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7681 tp7682 a(g212 V, tp7683 a(g212 V\u000a tp7684 a(g212 V tp7685 a(g266 V\u005c& p7686 tp7687 a(g266 V\u005cf p7688 tp7689 a(g212 V(CW p7690 tp7691 a(g266 V\u005c* p7692 tp7693 a(g212 V(C`gethostent p7694 tp7695 a(g266 V\u005c* p7696 tp7697 a(g212 V(C' p7698 tp7699 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7700 tp7701 a(g212 V, p7702 tp7703 a(g266 V\u005cf p7704 tp7705 a(g212 V(CW p7706 tp7707 a(g266 V\u005c* p7708 tp7709 a(g212 V(C`getlogin p7710 tp7711 a(g266 V\u005c* p7712 tp7713 a(g212 V(C' p7714 tp7715 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7716 tp7717 a(g212 V, p7718 tp7719 a(g266 V\u005cf p7720 tp7721 a(g212 V(CW p7722 tp7723 a(g266 V\u005c* p7724 tp7725 a(g212 V(C`getnetbyaddr p7726 tp7727 a(g266 V\u005c* p7728 tp7729 a(g212 V(C' p7730 tp7731 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7732 tp7733 a(g212 V, p7734 tp7735 a(g266 V\u005cf p7736 tp7737 a(g212 V(CW p7738 tp7739 a(g266 V\u005c* p7740 tp7741 a(g212 V(C`getnetbyname p7742 tp7743 a(g266 V\u005c* p7744 tp7745 a(g212 V(C' p7746 tp7747 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7748 tp7749 a(g212 V, p7750 tp7751 a(g266 V\u005cf p7752 tp7753 a(g212 V(CW p7754 tp7755 a(g266 V\u005c* p7756 tp7757 a(g212 V(C`getnetent p7758 tp7759 a(g266 V\u005c* p7760 tp7761 a(g212 V(C' p7762 tp7763 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7764 tp7765 a(g212 V, tp7766 a(g212 V\u000a tp7767 a(g212 V tp7768 a(g266 V\u005c& p7769 tp7770 a(g266 V\u005cf p7771 tp7772 a(g212 V(CW p7773 tp7774 a(g266 V\u005c* p7775 tp7776 a(g212 V(C`getppid p7777 tp7778 a(g266 V\u005c* p7779 tp7780 a(g212 V(C' p7781 tp7782 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7783 tp7784 a(g212 V, p7785 tp7786 a(g266 V\u005cf p7787 tp7788 a(g212 V(CW p7789 tp7790 a(g266 V\u005c* p7791 tp7792 a(g212 V(C`getpgrp p7793 tp7794 a(g266 V\u005c* p7795 tp7796 a(g212 V(C' p7797 tp7798 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7799 tp7800 a(g212 V, p7801 tp7802 a(g266 V\u005cf p7803 tp7804 a(g212 V(CW p7805 tp7806 a(g266 V\u005c* p7807 tp7808 a(g212 V(C`getpriority p7809 tp7810 a(g266 V\u005c* p7811 tp7812 a(g212 V(C' p7813 tp7814 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7815 tp7816 a(g212 V, p7817 tp7818 a(g266 V\u005cf p7819 tp7820 a(g212 V(CW p7821 tp7822 a(g266 V\u005c* p7823 tp7824 a(g212 V(C`getprotobynumber p7825 tp7826 a(g266 V\u005c* p7827 tp7828 a(g212 V(C' p7829 tp7830 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7831 tp7832 a(g212 V, tp7833 a(g212 V\u000a tp7834 a(g212 V tp7835 a(g266 V\u005c& p7836 tp7837 a(g266 V\u005cf p7838 tp7839 a(g212 V(CW p7840 tp7841 a(g266 V\u005c* p7842 tp7843 a(g212 V(C`getprotoent p7844 tp7845 a(g266 V\u005c* p7846 tp7847 a(g212 V(C' p7848 tp7849 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7850 tp7851 a(g212 V, p7852 tp7853 a(g266 V\u005cf p7854 tp7855 a(g212 V(CW p7856 tp7857 a(g266 V\u005c* p7858 tp7859 a(g212 V(C`getpwent p7860 tp7861 a(g266 V\u005c* p7862 tp7863 a(g212 V(C' p7864 tp7865 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7866 tp7867 a(g212 V, p7868 tp7869 a(g266 V\u005cf p7870 tp7871 a(g212 V(CW p7872 tp7873 a(g266 V\u005c* p7874 tp7875 a(g212 V(C`getpwnam p7876 tp7877 a(g266 V\u005c* p7878 tp7879 a(g212 V(C' p7880 tp7881 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7882 tp7883 a(g212 V, p7884 tp7885 a(g266 V\u005cf p7886 tp7887 a(g212 V(CW p7888 tp7889 a(g266 V\u005c* p7890 tp7891 a(g212 V(C`getpwuid p7892 tp7893 a(g266 V\u005c* p7894 tp7895 a(g212 V(C' p7896 tp7897 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7898 tp7899 a(g212 V, tp7900 a(g212 V\u000a tp7901 a(g212 V tp7902 a(g266 V\u005c& p7903 tp7904 a(g266 V\u005cf p7905 tp7906 a(g212 V(CW p7907 tp7908 a(g266 V\u005c* p7909 tp7910 a(g212 V(C`getservbyport p7911 tp7912 a(g266 V\u005c* p7913 tp7914 a(g212 V(C' p7915 tp7916 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7917 tp7918 a(g212 V, p7919 tp7920 a(g266 V\u005cf p7921 tp7922 a(g212 V(CW p7923 tp7924 a(g266 V\u005c* p7925 tp7926 a(g212 V(C`getservent p7927 tp7928 a(g266 V\u005c* p7929 tp7930 a(g212 V(C' p7931 tp7932 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7933 tp7934 a(g212 V, p7935 tp7936 a(g266 V\u005cf p7937 tp7938 a(g212 V(CW p7939 tp7940 a(g266 V\u005c* p7941 tp7942 a(g212 V(C`getsockopt p7943 tp7944 a(g266 V\u005c* p7945 tp7946 a(g212 V(C' p7947 tp7948 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7949 tp7950 a(g212 V, p7951 tp7952 a(g266 V\u005cf p7953 tp7954 a(g212 V(CW p7955 tp7956 a(g266 V\u005c* p7957 tp7958 a(g212 V(C`glob p7959 tp7960 a(g266 V\u005c* p7961 tp7962 a(g212 V(C' p7963 tp7964 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7965 tp7966 a(g212 V, p7967 tp7968 a(g266 V\u005cf p7969 tp7970 a(g212 V(CW p7971 tp7972 a(g266 V\u005c* p7973 tp7974 a(g212 V(C`ioctl p7975 tp7976 a(g266 V\u005c* p7977 tp7978 a(g212 V(C' p7979 tp7980 a(g266 V\u005cfR p7981 tp7982 a(g212 V, tp7983 a(g212 V\u000a tp7984 a(g212 V tp7985 a(g266 V\u005c& p7986 tp7987 a(g266 V\u005cf p7988 tp7989 a(g212 V(CW p7990 tp7991 a(g266 V\u005c* p7992 tp7993 a(g212 V(C`kill p7994 tp7995 a(g266 V\u005c* p7996 tp7997 a(g212 V(C' p7998 tp7999 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8000 tp8001 a(g212 V, p8002 tp8003 a(g266 V\u005cf p8004 tp8005 a(g212 V(CW p8006 tp8007 a(g266 V\u005c* p8008 tp8009 a(g212 V(C`link p8010 tp8011 a(g266 V\u005c* p8012 tp8013 a(g212 V(C' p8014 tp8015 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8016 tp8017 a(g212 V, p8018 tp8019 a(g266 V\u005cf p8020 tp8021 a(g212 V(CW p8022 tp8023 a(g266 V\u005c* p8024 tp8025 a(g212 V(C`lstat p8026 tp8027 a(g266 V\u005c* p8028 tp8029 a(g212 V(C' p8030 tp8031 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8032 tp8033 a(g212 V, p8034 tp8035 a(g266 V\u005cf p8036 tp8037 a(g212 V(CW p8038 tp8039 a(g266 V\u005c* p8040 tp8041 a(g212 V(C`msgctl p8042 tp8043 a(g266 V\u005c* p8044 tp8045 a(g212 V(C' p8046 tp8047 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8048 tp8049 a(g212 V, p8050 tp8051 a(g266 V\u005cf p8052 tp8053 a(g212 V(CW p8054 tp8055 a(g266 V\u005c* p8056 tp8057 a(g212 V(C`msgget p8058 tp8059 a(g266 V\u005c* p8060 tp8061 a(g212 V(C' p8062 tp8063 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8064 tp8065 a(g212 V, p8066 tp8067 a(g266 V\u005cf p8068 tp8069 a(g212 V(CW p8070 tp8071 a(g266 V\u005c* p8072 tp8073 a(g212 V(C`msgrcv p8074 tp8075 a(g266 V\u005c* p8076 tp8077 a(g212 V(C' p8078 tp8079 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8080 tp8081 a(g212 V, tp8082 a(g212 V\u000a tp8083 a(g212 V tp8084 a(g266 V\u005c& p8085 tp8086 a(g266 V\u005cf p8087 tp8088 a(g212 V(CW p8089 tp8090 a(g266 V\u005c* p8091 tp8092 a(g212 V(C`msgsnd p8093 tp8094 a(g266 V\u005c* p8095 tp8096 a(g212 V(C' p8097 tp8098 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8099 tp8100 a(g212 V, p8101 tp8102 a(g266 V\u005cf p8103 tp8104 a(g212 V(CW p8105 tp8106 a(g266 V\u005c* p8107 tp8108 a(g212 V(C`open p8109 tp8110 a(g266 V\u005c* p8111 tp8112 a(g212 V(C' p8113 tp8114 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8115 tp8116 a(g212 V, p8117 tp8118 a(g266 V\u005cf p8119 tp8120 a(g212 V(CW p8121 tp8122 a(g266 V\u005c* p8123 tp8124 a(g212 V(C`pipe p8125 tp8126 a(g266 V\u005c* p8127 tp8128 a(g212 V(C' p8129 tp8130 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8131 tp8132 a(g212 V, p8133 tp8134 a(g266 V\u005cf p8135 tp8136 a(g212 V(CW p8137 tp8138 a(g266 V\u005c* p8139 tp8140 a(g212 V(C`readlink p8141 tp8142 a(g266 V\u005c* p8143 tp8144 a(g212 V(C' p8145 tp8146 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8147 tp8148 a(g212 V, p8149 tp8150 a(g266 V\u005cf p8151 tp8152 a(g212 V(CW p8153 tp8154 a(g266 V\u005c* p8155 tp8156 a(g212 V(C`rename p8157 tp8158 a(g266 V\u005c* p8159 tp8160 a(g212 V(C' p8161 tp8162 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8163 tp8164 a(g212 V, p8165 tp8166 a(g266 V\u005cf p8167 tp8168 a(g212 V(CW p8169 tp8170 a(g266 V\u005c* p8171 tp8172 a(g212 V(C`select p8173 tp8174 a(g266 V\u005c* p8175 tp8176 a(g212 V(C' p8177 tp8178 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8179 tp8180 a(g212 V, p8181 tp8182 a(g266 V\u005cf p8183 tp8184 a(g212 V(CW p8185 tp8186 a(g266 V\u005c* p8187 tp8188 a(g212 V(C`semctl p8189 tp8190 a(g266 V\u005c* p8191 tp8192 a(g212 V(C' p8193 tp8194 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8195 tp8196 a(g212 V, tp8197 a(g212 V\u000a tp8198 a(g212 V tp8199 a(g266 V\u005c& p8200 tp8201 a(g266 V\u005cf p8202 tp8203 a(g212 V(CW p8204 tp8205 a(g266 V\u005c* p8206 tp8207 a(g212 V(C`semget p8208 tp8209 a(g266 V\u005c* p8210 tp8211 a(g212 V(C' p8212 tp8213 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8214 tp8215 a(g212 V, p8216 tp8217 a(g266 V\u005cf p8218 tp8219 a(g212 V(CW p8220 tp8221 a(g266 V\u005c* p8222 tp8223 a(g212 V(C`semop p8224 tp8225 a(g266 V\u005c* p8226 tp8227 a(g212 V(C' p8228 tp8229 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8230 tp8231 a(g212 V, p8232 tp8233 a(g266 V\u005cf p8234 tp8235 a(g212 V(CW p8236 tp8237 a(g266 V\u005c* p8238 tp8239 a(g212 V(C`setgrent p8240 tp8241 a(g266 V\u005c* p8242 tp8243 a(g212 V(C' p8244 tp8245 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8246 tp8247 a(g212 V, p8248 tp8249 a(g266 V\u005cf p8250 tp8251 a(g212 V(CW p8252 tp8253 a(g266 V\u005c* p8254 tp8255 a(g212 V(C`sethostent p8256 tp8257 a(g266 V\u005c* p8258 tp8259 a(g212 V(C' p8260 tp8261 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8262 tp8263 a(g212 V, p8264 tp8265 a(g266 V\u005cf p8266 tp8267 a(g212 V(CW p8268 tp8269 a(g266 V\u005c* p8270 tp8271 a(g212 V(C`setnetent p8272 tp8273 a(g266 V\u005c* p8274 tp8275 a(g212 V(C' p8276 tp8277 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8278 tp8279 a(g212 V, tp8280 a(g212 V\u000a tp8281 a(g212 V tp8282 a(g266 V\u005c& p8283 tp8284 a(g266 V\u005cf p8285 tp8286 a(g212 V(CW p8287 tp8288 a(g266 V\u005c* p8289 tp8290 a(g212 V(C`setpgrp p8291 tp8292 a(g266 V\u005c* p8293 tp8294 a(g212 V(C' p8295 tp8296 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8297 tp8298 a(g212 V, p8299 tp8300 a(g266 V\u005cf p8301 tp8302 a(g212 V(CW p8303 tp8304 a(g266 V\u005c* p8305 tp8306 a(g212 V(C`setpriority p8307 tp8308 a(g266 V\u005c* p8309 tp8310 a(g212 V(C' p8311 tp8312 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8313 tp8314 a(g212 V, p8315 tp8316 a(g266 V\u005cf p8317 tp8318 a(g212 V(CW p8319 tp8320 a(g266 V\u005c* p8321 tp8322 a(g212 V(C`setprotoent p8323 tp8324 a(g266 V\u005c* p8325 tp8326 a(g212 V(C' p8327 tp8328 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8329 tp8330 a(g212 V, p8331 tp8332 a(g266 V\u005cf p8333 tp8334 a(g212 V(CW p8335 tp8336 a(g266 V\u005c* p8337 tp8338 a(g212 V(C`setpwent p8339 tp8340 a(g266 V\u005c* p8341 tp8342 a(g212 V(C' p8343 tp8344 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8345 tp8346 a(g212 V, tp8347 a(g212 V\u000a tp8348 a(g212 V tp8349 a(g266 V\u005c& p8350 tp8351 a(g266 V\u005cf p8352 tp8353 a(g212 V(CW p8354 tp8355 a(g266 V\u005c* p8356 tp8357 a(g212 V(C`setservent p8358 tp8359 a(g266 V\u005c* p8360 tp8361 a(g212 V(C' p8362 tp8363 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8364 tp8365 a(g212 V, p8366 tp8367 a(g266 V\u005cf p8368 tp8369 a(g212 V(CW p8370 tp8371 a(g266 V\u005c* p8372 tp8373 a(g212 V(C`setsockopt p8374 tp8375 a(g266 V\u005c* p8376 tp8377 a(g212 V(C' p8378 tp8379 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8380 tp8381 a(g212 V, p8382 tp8383 a(g266 V\u005cf p8384 tp8385 a(g212 V(CW p8386 tp8387 a(g266 V\u005c* p8388 tp8389 a(g212 V(C`shmctl p8390 tp8391 a(g266 V\u005c* p8392 tp8393 a(g212 V(C' p8394 tp8395 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8396 tp8397 a(g212 V, p8398 tp8399 a(g266 V\u005cf p8400 tp8401 a(g212 V(CW p8402 tp8403 a(g266 V\u005c* p8404 tp8405 a(g212 V(C`shmget p8406 tp8407 a(g266 V\u005c* p8408 tp8409 a(g212 V(C' p8410 tp8411 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8412 tp8413 a(g212 V, p8414 tp8415 a(g266 V\u005cf p8416 tp8417 a(g212 V(CW p8418 tp8419 a(g266 V\u005c* p8420 tp8421 a(g212 V(C`shmread p8422 tp8423 a(g266 V\u005c* p8424 tp8425 a(g212 V(C' p8426 tp8427 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8428 tp8429 a(g212 V, tp8430 a(g212 V\u000a tp8431 a(g212 V tp8432 a(g266 V\u005c& p8433 tp8434 a(g266 V\u005cf p8435 tp8436 a(g212 V(CW p8437 tp8438 a(g266 V\u005c* p8439 tp8440 a(g212 V(C`shmwrite p8441 tp8442 a(g266 V\u005c* p8443 tp8444 a(g212 V(C' p8445 tp8446 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8447 tp8448 a(g212 V, p8449 tp8450 a(g266 V\u005cf p8451 tp8452 a(g212 V(CW p8453 tp8454 a(g266 V\u005c* p8455 tp8456 a(g212 V(C`socket p8457 tp8458 a(g266 V\u005c* p8459 tp8460 a(g212 V(C' p8461 tp8462 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8463 tp8464 a(g212 V, p8465 tp8466 a(g266 V\u005cf p8467 tp8468 a(g212 V(CW p8469 tp8470 a(g266 V\u005c* p8471 tp8472 a(g212 V(C`socketpair p8473 tp8474 a(g266 V\u005c* p8475 tp8476 a(g212 V(C' p8477 tp8478 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8479 tp8480 a(g212 V, tp8481 a(g212 V\u000a tp8482 a(g212 V tp8483 a(g266 V\u005c& p8484 tp8485 a(g266 V\u005cf p8486 tp8487 a(g212 V(CW p8488 tp8489 a(g266 V\u005c* p8490 tp8491 a(g212 V(C`stat p8492 tp8493 a(g266 V\u005c* p8494 tp8495 a(g212 V(C' p8496 tp8497 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8498 tp8499 a(g212 V, p8500 tp8501 a(g266 V\u005cf p8502 tp8503 a(g212 V(CW p8504 tp8505 a(g266 V\u005c* p8506 tp8507 a(g212 V(C`symlink p8508 tp8509 a(g266 V\u005c* p8510 tp8511 a(g212 V(C' p8512 tp8513 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8514 tp8515 a(g212 V, p8516 tp8517 a(g266 V\u005cf p8518 tp8519 a(g212 V(CW p8520 tp8521 a(g266 V\u005c* p8522 tp8523 a(g212 V(C`syscall p8524 tp8525 a(g266 V\u005c* p8526 tp8527 a(g212 V(C' p8528 tp8529 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8530 tp8531 a(g212 V, p8532 tp8533 a(g266 V\u005cf p8534 tp8535 a(g212 V(CW p8536 tp8537 a(g266 V\u005c* p8538 tp8539 a(g212 V(C`sysopen p8540 tp8541 a(g266 V\u005c* p8542 tp8543 a(g212 V(C' p8544 tp8545 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8546 tp8547 a(g212 V, p8548 tp8549 a(g266 V\u005cf p8550 tp8551 a(g212 V(CW p8552 tp8553 a(g266 V\u005c* p8554 tp8555 a(g212 V(C`system p8556 tp8557 a(g266 V\u005c* p8558 tp8559 a(g212 V(C' p8560 tp8561 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8562 tp8563 a(g212 V, tp8564 a(g212 V\u000a tp8565 a(g212 V tp8566 a(g266 V\u005c& p8567 tp8568 a(g266 V\u005cf p8569 tp8570 a(g212 V(CW p8571 tp8572 a(g266 V\u005c* p8573 tp8574 a(g212 V(C`times p8575 tp8576 a(g266 V\u005c* p8577 tp8578 a(g212 V(C' p8579 tp8580 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8581 tp8582 a(g212 V, p8583 tp8584 a(g266 V\u005cf p8585 tp8586 a(g212 V(CW p8587 tp8588 a(g266 V\u005c* p8589 tp8590 a(g212 V(C`truncate p8591 tp8592 a(g266 V\u005c* p8593 tp8594 a(g212 V(C' p8595 tp8596 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8597 tp8598 a(g212 V, p8599 tp8600 a(g266 V\u005cf p8601 tp8602 a(g212 V(CW p8603 tp8604 a(g266 V\u005c* p8605 tp8606 a(g212 V(C`umask p8607 tp8608 a(g266 V\u005c* p8609 tp8610 a(g212 V(C' p8611 tp8612 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8613 tp8614 a(g212 V, p8615 tp8616 a(g266 V\u005cf p8617 tp8618 a(g212 V(CW p8619 tp8620 a(g266 V\u005c* p8621 tp8622 a(g212 V(C`unlink p8623 tp8624 a(g266 V\u005c* p8625 tp8626 a(g212 V(C' p8627 tp8628 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8629 tp8630 a(g212 V, tp8631 a(g212 V\u000a tp8632 a(g212 V tp8633 a(g266 V\u005c& p8634 tp8635 a(g266 V\u005cf p8636 tp8637 a(g212 V(CW p8638 tp8639 a(g266 V\u005c* p8640 tp8641 a(g212 V(C`utime p8642 tp8643 a(g266 V\u005c* p8644 tp8645 a(g212 V(C' p8646 tp8647 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8648 tp8649 a(g212 V, p8650 tp8651 a(g266 V\u005cf p8652 tp8653 a(g212 V(CW p8654 tp8655 a(g266 V\u005c* p8656 tp8657 a(g212 V(C`wait p8658 tp8659 a(g266 V\u005c* p8660 tp8661 a(g212 V(C' p8662 tp8663 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8664 tp8665 a(g212 V, p8666 tp8667 a(g266 V\u005cf p8668 tp8669 a(g212 V(CW p8670 tp8671 a(g266 V\u005c* p8672 tp8673 a(g212 V(C`waitpid p8674 tp8675 a(g266 V\u005c* p8676 tp8677 a(g212 V(C' p8678 tp8679 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8680 tp8681 a(g212 V\u000a tp8682 a(g212 V. tp8683 a(g134 VPP p8684 tp8685 a(g212 V\u000a tp8686 a(g212 VFor more information about the portability of these functions, see p8687 tp8688 a(g212 V\u000a tp8689 a(g212 Vperlport and other available platform-specific documentation. p8690 tp8691 a(g212 V\u000a tp8692 a(g212 V. tp8693 a(g134 VSh p8694 tp8695 a(g212 V tp8696 a(g259 V"Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions" p8697 tp8698 a(g212 V\u000a tp8699 a(g212 V. tp8700 a(g134 VIX p8701 tp8702 a(g212 V tp8703 a(g240 VSubsection p8704 tp8705 a(g212 V tp8706 a(g259 V"Alphabetical Listing of Perl Functions" p8707 tp8708 a(g212 V\u000a tp8709 a(g212 V. tp8710 a(g134 VIP p8711 tp8712 a(g212 V tp8713 a(g259 V"\u005c-X \u005cs-1FILEHANDLE\u005cs0" p8714 tp8715 a(g212 V tp8716 a(g227 V8 tp8717 a(g212 V\u000a tp8718 a(g212 V. tp8719 a(g134 VIX p8720 tp8721 a(g212 V tp8722 a(g240 VXref p8723 tp8724 a(g212 V tp8725 a(g259 V"-r -w -x -o -R -W -X -O -e -z -s -f -d -l -p -S -b -c -t -u -g -k -T -B -M -A -C" p8726 tp8727 a(g212 V\u000a tp8728 a(g212 V. tp8729 a(g134 VIX p8730 tp8731 a(g212 V tp8732 a(g240 VItem p8733 tp8734 a(g212 V tp8735 a(g259 V"-X FILEHANDLE" p8736 tp8737 a(g212 V\u000a tp8738 a(g212 V. tp8739 a(g134 VPD p8740 tp8741 a(g212 V tp8742 a(g227 V0 tp8743 a(g212 V\u000a tp8744 a(g212 V. tp8745 a(g134 VIP p8746 tp8747 a(g212 V tp8748 a(g259 V"\u005c-X \u005cs-1EXPR\u005cs0" p8749 tp8750 a(g212 V tp8751 a(g227 V8 tp8752 a(g212 V\u000a tp8753 a(g212 V. tp8754 a(g134 VIX p8755 tp8756 a(g212 V tp8757 a(g240 VItem p8758 tp8759 a(g212 V tp8760 a(g259 V"-X EXPR" p8761 tp8762 a(g212 V\u000a tp8763 a(g212 V. tp8764 a(g134 VIP p8765 tp8766 a(g212 V tp8767 a(g259 V"\u005c-X" p8768 tp8769 a(g212 V tp8770 a(g227 V8 tp8771 a(g212 V\u000a tp8772 a(g212 V. tp8773 a(g134 VIX p8774 tp8775 a(g212 V tp8776 a(g240 VItem p8777 tp8778 a(g212 V tp8779 a(g259 V"-X" p8780 tp8781 a(g212 V\u000a tp8782 a(g212 V. tp8783 a(g134 VPD p8784 tp8785 a(g212 V\u000a tp8786 a(g212 VA file test, where X is one of the letters listed below. This unary p8787 tp8788 a(g212 V\u000a tp8789 a(g212 Voperator takes one argument, either a filename or a filehandle, and p8790 tp8791 a(g212 V\u000a tp8792 a(g212 Vtests the associated file to see if something is true about it. If the p8793 tp8794 a(g212 V\u000a tp8795 a(g212 Vargument is omitted, tests p8796 tp8797 a(g266 V\u005cf p8798 tp8799 a(g212 V(CW$_ p8800 tp8801 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8802 tp8803 a(g212 V, except for p8804 tp8805 a(g266 V\u005cf p8806 tp8807 a(g212 V(CW p8808 tp8809 a(g266 V\u005c* p8810 tp8811 a(g212 V(C` p8812 tp8813 a(g266 V\u005c- p8814 tp8815 a(g212 Vt tp8816 a(g266 V\u005c* p8817 tp8818 a(g212 V(C' p8819 tp8820 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8821 tp8822 a(g212 V, which tests p8823 tp8824 a(g266 V\u005cs p8825 tp8826 a(g212 V-1STDIN p8827 tp8828 a(g266 V\u005cs p8829 tp8830 a(g212 V0. p8831 tp8832 a(g212 V\u000a tp8833 a(g212 VUnless otherwise documented, it returns p8834 tp8835 a(g266 V\u005cf p8836 tp8837 a(g212 V(CW1 p8838 tp8839 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8840 tp8841 a(g212 V for true and p8842 tp8843 a(g266 V\u005cf p8844 tp8845 a(g212 V(CW'' p8846 tp8847 a(g266 V\u005cfR p8848 tp8849 a(g212 V for false, or p8850 tp8851 a(g212 V\u000a tp8852 a(g212 Vthe undefined value if the file doesn't exist. Despite the funny p8853 tp8854 a(g212 V\u000a tp8855 a(g212 Vnames, precedence is the same as any other named unary operator, and p8856 tp8857 a(g212 V\u000a tp8858 a(g212 Vthe argument may be parenthesized like any other unary operator. The p8859 tp8860 a(g212 V\u000a tp8861 a(g212 Voperator may be any of: p8862 tp8863 a(g212 V\u000a tp8864 a(g212 V. tp8865 a(g134 VSp p8866 tp8867 a(g212 V\u000a tp8868 a(g212 V. tp8869 a(g134 VVb p8870 tp8871 a(g212 V tp8872 a(g227 V4 tp8873 a(g212 V\u000a tp8874 a(g212 V tp8875 a(g266 V\u005c& p8876 tp8877 a(g212 V -r File is readable by effective uid/gid. p8878 tp8879 a(g212 V\u000a tp8880 a(g212 V tp8881 a(g266 V\u005c& p8882 tp8883 a(g212 V -w File is writable by effective uid/gid. p8884 tp8885 a(g212 V\u000a tp8886 a(g212 V tp8887 a(g266 V\u005c& p8888 tp8889 a(g212 V -x File is executable by effective uid/gid. p8890 tp8891 a(g212 V\u000a tp8892 a(g212 V tp8893 a(g266 V\u005c& p8894 tp8895 a(g212 V -o File is owned by effective uid. p8896 tp8897 a(g212 V\u000a tp8898 a(g212 V. tp8899 a(g134 VVe p8900 tp8901 a(g212 V\u000a tp8902 a(g212 V. tp8903 a(g134 VSp p8904 tp8905 a(g212 V\u000a tp8906 a(g212 V. tp8907 a(g134 VVb p8908 tp8909 a(g212 V tp8910 a(g227 V4 tp8911 a(g212 V\u000a tp8912 a(g212 V tp8913 a(g266 V\u005c& p8914 tp8915 a(g212 V -R File is readable by real uid/gid. p8916 tp8917 a(g212 V\u000a tp8918 a(g212 V tp8919 a(g266 V\u005c& p8920 tp8921 a(g212 V -W File is writable by real uid/gid. p8922 tp8923 a(g212 V\u000a tp8924 a(g212 V tp8925 a(g266 V\u005c& p8926 tp8927 a(g212 V -X File is executable by real uid/gid. p8928 tp8929 a(g212 V\u000a tp8930 a(g212 V tp8931 a(g266 V\u005c& p8932 tp8933 a(g212 V -O File is owned by real uid. p8934 tp8935 a(g212 V\u000a tp8936 a(g212 V. tp8937 a(g134 VVe p8938 tp8939 a(g212 V\u000a tp8940 a(g212 V. tp8941 a(g134 VSp p8942 tp8943 a(g212 V\u000a tp8944 a(g212 V. tp8945 a(g134 VVb p8946 tp8947 a(g212 V tp8948 a(g227 V3 tp8949 a(g212 V\u000a tp8950 a(g212 V tp8951 a(g266 V\u005c& p8952 tp8953 a(g212 V -e File exists. p8954 tp8955 a(g212 V\u000a tp8956 a(g212 V tp8957 a(g266 V\u005c& p8958 tp8959 a(g212 V -z File has zero size (is empty). p8960 tp8961 a(g212 V\u000a tp8962 a(g212 V tp8963 a(g266 V\u005c& p8964 tp8965 a(g212 V -s File has nonzero size (returns size in bytes). p8966 tp8967 a(g212 V\u000a tp8968 a(g212 V. tp8969 a(g134 VVe p8970 tp8971 a(g212 V\u000a tp8972 a(g212 V. tp8973 a(g134 VSp p8974 tp8975 a(g212 V\u000a tp8976 a(g212 V. tp8977 a(g134 VVb p8978 tp8979 a(g212 V tp8980 a(g227 V8 tp8981 a(g212 V\u000a tp8982 a(g212 V tp8983 a(g266 V\u005c& p8984 tp8985 a(g212 V -f File is a plain file. p8986 tp8987 a(g212 V\u000a tp8988 a(g212 V tp8989 a(g266 V\u005c& p8990 tp8991 a(g212 V -d File is a directory. p8992 tp8993 a(g212 V\u000a tp8994 a(g212 V tp8995 a(g266 V\u005c& p8996 tp8997 a(g212 V -l File is a symbolic link. p8998 tp8999 a(g212 V\u000a tp9000 a(g212 V tp9001 a(g266 V\u005c& p9002 tp9003 a(g212 V -p File is a named pipe (FIFO), or Filehandle is a pipe. p9004 tp9005 a(g212 V\u000a tp9006 a(g212 V tp9007 a(g266 V\u005c& p9008 tp9009 a(g212 V -S File is a socket. p9010 tp9011 a(g212 V\u000a tp9012 a(g212 V tp9013 a(g266 V\u005c& p9014 tp9015 a(g212 V -b File is a block special file. p9016 tp9017 a(g212 V\u000a tp9018 a(g212 V tp9019 a(g266 V\u005c& p9020 tp9021 a(g212 V -c File is a character special file. p9022 tp9023 a(g212 V\u000a tp9024 a(g212 V tp9025 a(g266 V\u005c& p9026 tp9027 a(g212 V -t Filehandle is opened to a tty. p9028 tp9029 a(g212 V\u000a tp9030 a(g212 V. tp9031 a(g134 VVe p9032 tp9033 a(g212 V\u000a tp9034 a(g212 V. tp9035 a(g134 VSp p9036 tp9037 a(g212 V\u000a tp9038 a(g212 V. tp9039 a(g134 VVb p9040 tp9041 a(g212 V tp9042 a(g227 V3 tp9043 a(g212 V\u000a tp9044 a(g212 V tp9045 a(g266 V\u005c& p9046 tp9047 a(g212 V -u File has setuid bit set. p9048 tp9049 a(g212 V\u000a tp9050 a(g212 V tp9051 a(g266 V\u005c& p9052 tp9053 a(g212 V -g File has setgid bit set. p9054 tp9055 a(g212 V\u000a tp9056 a(g212 V tp9057 a(g266 V\u005c& p9058 tp9059 a(g212 V -k File has sticky bit set. p9060 tp9061 a(g212 V\u000a tp9062 a(g212 V. tp9063 a(g134 VVe p9064 tp9065 a(g212 V\u000a tp9066 a(g212 V. tp9067 a(g134 VSp p9068 tp9069 a(g212 V\u000a tp9070 a(g212 V. tp9071 a(g134 VVb p9072 tp9073 a(g212 V tp9074 a(g227 V2 tp9075 a(g212 V\u000a tp9076 a(g212 V tp9077 a(g266 V\u005c& p9078 tp9079 a(g212 V -T File is an ASCII text file (heuristic guess). p9080 tp9081 a(g212 V\u000a tp9082 a(g212 V tp9083 a(g266 V\u005c& p9084 tp9085 a(g212 V -B File is a "binary" file (opposite of -T). p9086 tp9087 a(g212 V\u000a tp9088 a(g212 V. tp9089 a(g134 VVe p9090 tp9091 a(g212 V\u000a tp9092 a(g212 V. tp9093 a(g134 VSp p9094 tp9095 a(g212 V\u000a tp9096 a(g212 V. tp9097 a(g134 VVb p9098 tp9099 a(g212 V tp9100 a(g227 V3 tp9101 a(g212 V\u000a tp9102 a(g212 V tp9103 a(g266 V\u005c& p9104 tp9105 a(g212 V -M Script start time minus file modification time, in days. p9106 tp9107 a(g212 V\u000a tp9108 a(g212 V tp9109 a(g266 V\u005c& p9110 tp9111 a(g212 V -A Same for access time. p9112 tp9113 a(g212 V\u000a tp9114 a(g212 V tp9115 a(g266 V\u005c& p9116 tp9117 a(g212 V -C Same for inode change time (Unix, may differ for other platforms) p9118 tp9119 a(g212 V\u000a tp9120 a(g212 V. tp9121 a(g134 VVe p9122 tp9123 a(g212 V\u000a tp9124 a(g212 V. tp9125 a(g134 VSp p9126 tp9127 a(g212 V\u000a tp9128 a(g212 VExample: p9129 tp9130 a(g212 V\u000a tp9131 a(g212 V. tp9132 a(g134 VSp p9133 tp9134 a(g212 V\u000a tp9135 a(g212 V. tp9136 a(g134 VVb p9137 tp9138 a(g212 V tp9139 a(g227 V5 tp9140 a(g212 V\u000a tp9141 a(g212 V tp9142 a(g266 V\u005c& p9143 tp9144 a(g212 V while (<>) { p9145 tp9146 a(g212 V\u000a tp9147 a(g212 V tp9148 a(g266 V\u005c& p9149 tp9150 a(g212 V chomp; p9151 tp9152 a(g212 V\u000a tp9153 a(g212 V tp9154 a(g266 V\u005c& p9155 tp9156 a(g212 V next unless -f $_; # ignore specials p9157 tp9158 a(g212 V\u000a tp9159 a(g212 V tp9160 a(g266 V\u005c& p9161 tp9162 a(g212 V #... p9163 tp9164 a(g212 V\u000a tp9165 a(g212 V tp9166 a(g266 V\u005c& p9167 tp9168 a(g212 V } p9169 tp9170 a(g212 V\u000a tp9171 a(g212 V. tp9172 a(g134 VVe p9173 tp9174 a(g212 V\u000a tp9175 a(g212 V. tp9176 a(g134 VSp p9177 tp9178 a(g212 V\u000a tp9179 a(g212 VThe interpretation of the file permission operators p9180 tp9181 a(g266 V\u005cf p9182 tp9183 a(g212 V(CW p9184 tp9185 a(g266 V\u005c* p9186 tp9187 a(g212 V(C` p9188 tp9189 a(g266 V\u005c- p9190 tp9191 a(g212 Vr tp9192 a(g266 V\u005c* p9193 tp9194 a(g212 V(C' p9195 tp9196 a(g266 V\u005cfR p9197 tp9198 a(g212 V, p9199 tp9200 a(g266 V\u005cf p9201 tp9202 a(g212 V(CW p9203 tp9204 a(g266 V\u005c* p9205 tp9206 a(g212 V(C` p9207 tp9208 a(g266 V\u005c- p9209 tp9210 a(g212 VR tp9211 a(g266 V\u005c* p9212 tp9213 a(g212 V(C' p9214 tp9215 a(g266 V\u005cfR p9216 tp9217 a(g212 V, tp9218 a(g212 V\u000a tp9219 a(g212 V tp9220 a(g266 V\u005c& p9221 tp9222 a(g266 V\u005cf p9223 tp9224 a(g212 V(CW p9225 tp9226 a(g266 V\u005c* p9227 tp9228 a(g212 V(C` p9229 tp9230 a(g266 V\u005c- p9231 tp9232 a(g212 Vw tp9233 a(g266 V\u005c* p9234 tp9235 a(g212 V(C' p9236 tp9237 a(g266 V\u005cfR p9238 tp9239 a(g212 V, p9240 tp9241 a(g266 V\u005cf p9242 tp9243 a(g212 V(CW p9244 tp9245 a(g266 V\u005c* p9246 tp9247 a(g212 V(C` p9248 tp9249 a(g266 V\u005c- p9250 tp9251 a(g212 VW tp9252 a(g266 V\u005c* p9253 tp9254 a(g212 V(C' p9255 tp9256 a(g266 V\u005cfR p9257 tp9258 a(g212 V, p9259 tp9260 a(g266 V\u005cf p9261 tp9262 a(g212 V(CW p9263 tp9264 a(g266 V\u005c* p9265 tp9266 a(g212 V(C` p9267 tp9268 a(g266 V\u005c- p9269 tp9270 a(g212 Vx tp9271 a(g266 V\u005c* p9272 tp9273 a(g212 V(C' p9274 tp9275 a(g266 V\u005cfR p9276 tp9277 a(g212 V, and p9278 tp9279 a(g266 V\u005cf p9280 tp9281 a(g212 V(CW p9282 tp9283 a(g266 V\u005c* p9284 tp9285 a(g212 V(C` p9286 tp9287 a(g266 V\u005c- p9288 tp9289 a(g212 VX tp9290 a(g266 V\u005c* p9291 tp9292 a(g212 V(C' p9293 tp9294 a(g266 V\u005cfR p9295 tp9296 a(g212 V is by default based solely on the mode p9297 tp9298 a(g212 V\u000a tp9299 a(g212 Vof the file and the uids and gids of the user. There may be other p9300 tp9301 a(g212 V\u000a tp9302 a(g212 Vreasons you can't actually read, write, or execute the file. Such p9303 tp9304 a(g212 V\u000a tp9305 a(g212 Vreasons may be for example network filesystem access controls, ACLs p9306 tp9307 a(g212 V\u000a tp9308 a(g212 V(access control lists), read-only filesystems, and unrecognized p9309 tp9310 a(g212 V\u000a tp9311 a(g212 Vexecutable formats. p9312 tp9313 a(g212 V\u000a tp9314 a(g212 V. tp9315 a(g134 VSp p9316 tp9317 a(g212 V\u000a tp9318 a(g212 VAlso note that, for the superuser on the local filesystems, the p9319 tp9320 a(g266 V\u005cf p9321 tp9322 a(g212 V(CW p9323 tp9324 a(g266 V\u005c* p9325 tp9326 a(g212 V(C` p9327 tp9328 a(g266 V\u005c- p9329 tp9330 a(g212 Vr tp9331 a(g266 V\u005c* p9332 tp9333 a(g212 V(C' p9334 tp9335 a(g266 V\u005cfR p9336 tp9337 a(g212 V, tp9338 a(g212 V\u000a tp9339 a(g212 V tp9340 a(g266 V\u005c& p9341 tp9342 a(g266 V\u005cf p9343 tp9344 a(g212 V(CW p9345 tp9346 a(g266 V\u005c* p9347 tp9348 a(g212 V(C` p9349 tp9350 a(g266 V\u005c- p9351 tp9352 a(g212 VR tp9353 a(g266 V\u005c* p9354 tp9355 a(g212 V(C' p9356 tp9357 a(g266 V\u005cfR p9358 tp9359 a(g212 V, p9360 tp9361 a(g266 V\u005cf p9362 tp9363 a(g212 V(CW p9364 tp9365 a(g266 V\u005c* p9366 tp9367 a(g212 V(C` p9368 tp9369 a(g266 V\u005c- p9370 tp9371 a(g212 Vw tp9372 a(g266 V\u005c* p9373 tp9374 a(g212 V(C' p9375 tp9376 a(g266 V\u005cfR p9377 tp9378 a(g212 V, and p9379 tp9380 a(g266 V\u005cf p9381 tp9382 a(g212 V(CW p9383 tp9384 a(g266 V\u005c* p9385 tp9386 a(g212 V(C` p9387 tp9388 a(g266 V\u005c- p9389 tp9390 a(g212 VW tp9391 a(g266 V\u005c* p9392 tp9393 a(g212 V(C' p9394 tp9395 a(g266 V\u005cfR p9396 tp9397 a(g212 V tests always return 1, and p9398 tp9399 a(g266 V\u005cf p9400 tp9401 a(g212 V(CW p9402 tp9403 a(g266 V\u005c* p9404 tp9405 a(g212 V(C` p9406 tp9407 a(g266 V\u005c- p9408 tp9409 a(g212 Vx tp9410 a(g266 V\u005c* p9411 tp9412 a(g212 V(C' p9413 tp9414 a(g266 V\u005cfR p9415 tp9416 a(g212 V and p9417 tp9418 a(g266 V\u005cf p9419 tp9420 a(g212 V(CW p9421 tp9422 a(g266 V\u005c* p9423 tp9424 a(g212 V(C` p9425 tp9426 a(g266 V\u005c- p9427 tp9428 a(g212 VX tp9429 a(g266 V\u005c* p9430 tp9431 a(g212 V(C' p9432 tp9433 a(g266 V\u005cfR p9434 tp9435 a(g212 V return 1 p9436 tp9437 a(g212 V\u000a tp9438 a(g212 Vif any execute bit is set in the mode. Scripts run by the superuser p9439 tp9440 a(g212 V\u000a tp9441 a(g212 Vmay thus need to do a p9442 tp9443 a(g266 V\u005cfI p9444 tp9445 a(g212 Vstat() p9446 tp9447 a(g266 V\u005cfR p9448 tp9449 a(g212 V to determine the actual mode of the file, p9450 tp9451 a(g212 V\u000a tp9452 a(g212 Vor temporarily set their effective uid to something else. p9453 tp9454 a(g212 V\u000a tp9455 a(g212 V. tp9456 a(g134 VSp p9457 tp9458 a(g212 V\u000a tp9459 a(g212 VIf you are using ACLs, there is a pragma called p9460 tp9461 a(g266 V\u005cf p9462 tp9463 a(g212 V(CW p9464 tp9465 a(g266 V\u005c* p9466 tp9467 a(g212 V(C`filetest p9468 tp9469 a(g266 V\u005c* p9470 tp9471 a(g212 V(C' p9472 tp9473 a(g266 V\u005cfR p9474 tp9475 a(g212 V that may p9476 tp9477 a(g212 V\u000a tp9478 a(g212 Vproduce more accurate results than the bare p9479 tp9480 a(g266 V\u005cfI p9481 tp9482 a(g212 Vstat() p9483 tp9484 a(g266 V\u005cfR p9485 tp9486 a(g212 V mode bits. p9487 tp9488 a(g212 V\u000a tp9489 a(g212 VWhen under the p9490 tp9491 a(g266 V\u005cf p9492 tp9493 a(g212 V(CW p9494 tp9495 a(g266 V\u005c* p9496 tp9497 a(g212 V(C`use filetest 'access' p9498 tp9499 a(g266 V\u005c* p9500 tp9501 a(g212 V(C' p9502 tp9503 a(g266 V\u005cfR p9504 tp9505 a(g212 V the above-mentioned filetests p9506 tp9507 a(g212 V\u000a tp9508 a(g212 Vwill test whether the permission can (not) be granted using the p9509 tp9510 a(g212 V\u000a tp9511 a(g212 V tp9512 a(g266 V\u005c& p9513 tp9514 a(g266 V\u005cfI p9515 tp9516 a(g212 Vaccess() p9517 tp9518 a(g266 V\u005cfR p9519 tp9520 a(g212 V family of system calls. Also note that the p9521 tp9522 a(g266 V\u005cf p9523 tp9524 a(g212 V(CW p9525 tp9526 a(g266 V\u005c* p9527 tp9528 a(g212 V(C` p9529 tp9530 a(g266 V\u005c- p9531 tp9532 a(g212 Vx tp9533 a(g266 V\u005c* p9534 tp9535 a(g212 V(C' p9536 tp9537 a(g266 V\u005cfR p9538 tp9539 a(g212 V and p9540 tp9541 a(g266 V\u005cf p9542 tp9543 a(g212 V(CW p9544 tp9545 a(g266 V\u005c* p9546 tp9547 a(g212 V(C` p9548 tp9549 a(g266 V\u005c- p9550 tp9551 a(g212 VX tp9552 a(g266 V\u005c* p9553 tp9554 a(g212 V(C' p9555 tp9556 a(g266 V\u005cfR p9557 tp9558 a(g212 V may p9559 tp9560 a(g212 V\u000a tp9561 a(g212 Vunder this pragma return true even if there are no execute permission p9562 tp9563 a(g212 V\u000a tp9564 a(g212 Vbits set (nor any extra execute permission ACLs). This strangeness is p9565 tp9566 a(g212 V\u000a tp9567 a(g212 Vdue to the underlying system calls' definitions. Read the p9568 tp9569 a(g212 V\u000a tp9570 a(g212 Vdocumentation for the p9571 tp9572 a(g266 V\u005cf p9573 tp9574 a(g212 V(CW p9575 tp9576 a(g266 V\u005c* p9577 tp9578 a(g212 V(C`filetest p9579 tp9580 a(g266 V\u005c* p9581 tp9582 a(g212 V(C' p9583 tp9584 a(g266 V\u005cfR p9585 tp9586 a(g212 V pragma for more information. p9587 tp9588 a(g212 V\u000a tp9589 a(g212 V. tp9590 a(g134 VSp p9591 tp9592 a(g212 V\u000a tp9593 a(g212 VNote that p9594 tp9595 a(g266 V\u005cf p9596 tp9597 a(g212 V(CW p9598 tp9599 a(g266 V\u005c* p9600 tp9601 a(g212 V(C` p9602 tp9603 a(g266 V\u005c- p9604 tp9605 a(g212 Vs/a/b/ p9606 tp9607 a(g266 V\u005c* p9608 tp9609 a(g212 V(C' p9610 tp9611 a(g266 V\u005cfR p9612 tp9613 a(g212 V does not do a negated substitution. Saying p9614 tp9615 a(g212 V\u000a tp9616 a(g212 V tp9617 a(g266 V\u005c& p9618 tp9619 a(g266 V\u005cf p9620 tp9621 a(g212 V(CW p9622 tp9623 a(g266 V\u005c* p9624 tp9625 a(g212 V(C` p9626 tp9627 a(g266 V\u005c- p9628 tp9629 a(g212 Vexp($foo) p9630 tp9631 a(g266 V\u005c* p9632 tp9633 a(g212 V(C' p9634 tp9635 a(g266 V\u005cfR p9636 tp9637 a(g212 V still works as expected, however p9638 tp9639 a(g266 V\u005c* p9640 tp9641 a(g212 V(--only single letters p9642 tp9643 a(g212 V\u000a tp9644 a(g212 Vfollowing a minus are interpreted as file tests. p9645 tp9646 a(g212 V\u000a tp9647 a(g212 V. tp9648 a(g134 VSp p9649 tp9650 a(g212 V\u000a tp9651 a(g212 VThe p9652 tp9653 a(g266 V\u005cf p9654 tp9655 a(g212 V(CW p9656 tp9657 a(g266 V\u005c* p9658 tp9659 a(g212 V(C` p9660 tp9661 a(g266 V\u005c- p9662 tp9663 a(g212 VT tp9664 a(g266 V\u005c* p9665 tp9666 a(g212 V(C' p9667 tp9668 a(g266 V\u005cfR p9669 tp9670 a(g212 V and p9671 tp9672 a(g266 V\u005cf p9673 tp9674 a(g212 V(CW p9675 tp9676 a(g266 V\u005c* p9677 tp9678 a(g212 V(C` p9679 tp9680 a(g266 V\u005c- p9681 tp9682 a(g212 VB tp9683 a(g266 V\u005c* p9684 tp9685 a(g212 V(C' p9686 tp9687 a(g266 V\u005cfR p9688 tp9689 a(g212 V switches work as follows. The first block or so of the p9690 tp9691 a(g212 V\u000a tp9692 a(g212 Vfile is examined for odd characters such as strange control codes or p9693 tp9694 a(g212 V\u000a tp9695 a(g212 Vcharacters with the high bit set. If too many strange characters (>30%) p9696 tp9697 a(g212 V\u000a tp9698 a(g212 Vare found, it's a p9699 tp9700 a(g266 V\u005cf p9701 tp9702 a(g212 V(CW p9703 tp9704 a(g266 V\u005c* p9705 tp9706 a(g212 V(C` p9707 tp9708 a(g266 V\u005c- p9709 tp9710 a(g212 VB tp9711 a(g266 V\u005c* p9712 tp9713 a(g212 V(C' p9714 tp9715 a(g266 V\u005cfR p9716 tp9717 a(g212 V file; otherwise it's a p9718 tp9719 a(g266 V\u005cf p9720 tp9721 a(g212 V(CW p9722 tp9723 a(g266 V\u005c* p9724 tp9725 a(g212 V(C` p9726 tp9727 a(g266 V\u005c- p9728 tp9729 a(g212 VT tp9730 a(g266 V\u005c* p9731 tp9732 a(g212 V(C' p9733 tp9734 a(g266 V\u005cfR p9735 tp9736 a(g212 V file. Also, any file p9737 tp9738 a(g212 V\u000a tp9739 a(g212 Vcontaining null in the first block is considered a binary file. If p9740 tp9741 a(g266 V\u005cf p9742 tp9743 a(g212 V(CW p9744 tp9745 a(g266 V\u005c* p9746 tp9747 a(g212 V(C` p9748 tp9749 a(g266 V\u005c- p9750 tp9751 a(g212 VT tp9752 a(g266 V\u005c* p9753 tp9754 a(g212 V(C' p9755 tp9756 a(g266 V\u005cfR p9757 tp9758 a(g212 V\u000a tp9759 a(g212 Vor p9760 tp9761 a(g266 V\u005cf p9762 tp9763 a(g212 V(CW p9764 tp9765 a(g266 V\u005c* p9766 tp9767 a(g212 V(C` p9768 tp9769 a(g266 V\u005c- p9770 tp9771 a(g212 VB tp9772 a(g266 V\u005c* p9773 tp9774 a(g212 V(C' p9775 tp9776 a(g266 V\u005cfR p9777 tp9778 a(g212 V is used on a filehandle, the current p9779 tp9780 a(g266 V\u005cs p9781 tp9782 a(g212 V-1IO p9783 tp9784 a(g266 V\u005cs p9785 tp9786 a(g212 V0 buffer is examined p9787 tp9788 a(g212 V\u000a tp9789 a(g212 Vrather than the first block. Both p9790 tp9791 a(g266 V\u005cf p9792 tp9793 a(g212 V(CW p9794 tp9795 a(g266 V\u005c* p9796 tp9797 a(g212 V(C` p9798 tp9799 a(g266 V\u005c- p9800 tp9801 a(g212 VT tp9802 a(g266 V\u005c* p9803 tp9804 a(g212 V(C' p9805 tp9806 a(g266 V\u005cfR p9807 tp9808 a(g212 V and p9809 tp9810 a(g266 V\u005cf p9811 tp9812 a(g212 V(CW p9813 tp9814 a(g266 V\u005c* p9815 tp9816 a(g212 V(C` p9817 tp9818 a(g266 V\u005c- p9819 tp9820 a(g212 VB tp9821 a(g266 V\u005c* p9822 tp9823 a(g212 V(C' p9824 tp9825 a(g266 V\u005cfR p9826 tp9827 a(g212 V return true on a null p9828 tp9829 a(g212 V\u000a tp9830 a(g212 Vfile, or a file at p9831 tp9832 a(g266 V\u005cs p9833 tp9834 a(g212 V-1EOF p9835 tp9836 a(g266 V\u005cs p9837 tp9838 a(g212 V0 when testing a filehandle. Because you have to p9839 tp9840 a(g212 V\u000a tp9841 a(g212 Vread a file to do the p9842 tp9843 a(g266 V\u005cf p9844 tp9845 a(g212 V(CW p9846 tp9847 a(g266 V\u005c* p9848 tp9849 a(g212 V(C` p9850 tp9851 a(g266 V\u005c- p9852 tp9853 a(g212 VT tp9854 a(g266 V\u005c* p9855 tp9856 a(g212 V(C' p9857 tp9858 a(g266 V\u005cfR p9859 tp9860 a(g212 V test, on most occasions you want to use a p9861 tp9862 a(g266 V\u005cf p9863 tp9864 a(g212 V(CW p9865 tp9866 a(g266 V\u005c* p9867 tp9868 a(g212 V(C` p9869 tp9870 a(g266 V\u005c- p9871 tp9872 a(g212 Vf tp9873 a(g266 V\u005c* p9874 tp9875 a(g212 V(C' p9876 tp9877 a(g266 V\u005cfR p9878 tp9879 a(g212 V\u000a tp9880 a(g212 Vagainst the file first, as in p9881 tp9882 a(g266 V\u005cf p9883 tp9884 a(g212 V(CW p9885 tp9886 a(g266 V\u005c* p9887 tp9888 a(g212 V(C`next unless p9889 tp9890 a(g266 V\u005c- p9891 tp9892 a(g212 Vf $file && p9893 tp9894 a(g266 V\u005c- p9895 tp9896 a(g212 VT $file p9897 tp9898 a(g266 V\u005c* p9899 tp9900 a(g212 V(C' p9901 tp9902 a(g266 V\u005cfR p9903 tp9904 a(g212 V. tp9905 a(g212 V\u000a tp9906 a(g212 V. tp9907 a(g134 VSp p9908 tp9909 a(g212 V\u000a tp9910 a(g212 VIf any of the file tests (or either the p9911 tp9912 a(g266 V\u005cf p9913 tp9914 a(g212 V(CW p9915 tp9916 a(g266 V\u005c* p9917 tp9918 a(g212 V(C`stat p9919 tp9920 a(g266 V\u005c* p9921 tp9922 a(g212 V(C' p9923 tp9924 a(g266 V\u005cfR p9925 tp9926 a(g212 V or p9927 tp9928 a(g266 V\u005cf p9929 tp9930 a(g212 V(CW p9931 tp9932 a(g266 V\u005c* p9933 tp9934 a(g212 V(C`lstat p9935 tp9936 a(g266 V\u005c* p9937 tp9938 a(g212 V(C' p9939 tp9940 a(g266 V\u005cfR p9941 tp9942 a(g212 V operators) are given p9943 tp9944 a(g212 V\u000a tp9945 a(g212 Vthe special filehandle consisting of a solitary underline, then the stat p9946 tp9947 a(g212 V\u000a tp9948 a(g212 Vstructure of the previous file test (or stat operator) is used, saving p9949 tp9950 a(g212 V\u000a tp9951 a(g212 Va system call. (This doesn't work with p9952 tp9953 a(g266 V\u005cf p9954 tp9955 a(g212 V(CW p9956 tp9957 a(g266 V\u005c* p9958 tp9959 a(g212 V(C` p9960 tp9961 a(g266 V\u005c- p9962 tp9963 a(g212 Vt tp9964 a(g266 V\u005c* p9965 tp9966 a(g212 V(C' p9967 tp9968 a(g266 V\u005cfR p9969 tp9970 a(g212 V, and you need to remember p9971 tp9972 a(g212 V\u000a tp9973 a(g212 Vthat p9974 tp9975 a(g266 V\u005cfI p9976 tp9977 a(g212 Vlstat() p9978 tp9979 a(g266 V\u005cfR p9980 tp9981 a(g212 V and p9982 tp9983 a(g266 V\u005cf p9984 tp9985 a(g212 V(CW p9986 tp9987 a(g266 V\u005c* p9988 tp9989 a(g212 V(C` p9990 tp9991 a(g266 V\u005c- p9992 tp9993 a(g212 Vl tp9994 a(g266 V\u005c* p9995 tp9996 a(g212 V(C' p9997 tp9998 a(g266 V\u005cfR p9999 tp10000 a(g212 V will leave values in the stat structure for the p10001 tp10002 a(g212 V\u000a tp10003 a(g212 Vsymbolic link, not the real file.) (Also, if the stat buffer was filled by p10004 tp10005 a(g212 V\u000a tp10006 a(g212 Van p10007 tp10008 a(g266 V\u005cf p10009 tp10010 a(g212 V(CW p10011 tp10012 a(g266 V\u005c* p10013 tp10014 a(g212 V(C`lstat p10015 tp10016 a(g266 V\u005c* p10017 tp10018 a(g212 V(C' p10019 tp10020 a(g266 V\u005cfR p10021 tp10022 a(g212 V call, p10023 tp10024 a(g266 V\u005cf p10025 tp10026 a(g212 V(CW p10027 tp10028 a(g266 V\u005c* p10029 tp10030 a(g212 V(C` p10031 tp10032 a(g266 V\u005c- p10033 tp10034 a(g212 VT tp10035 a(g266 V\u005c* p10036 tp10037 a(g212 V(C' p10038 tp10039 a(g266 V\u005cfR p10040 tp10041 a(g212 V and p10042 tp10043 a(g266 V\u005cf p10044 tp10045 a(g212 V(CW p10046 tp10047 a(g266 V\u005c* p10048 tp10049 a(g212 V(C` p10050 tp10051 a(g266 V\u005c- p10052 tp10053 a(g212 VB tp10054 a(g266 V\u005c* p10055 tp10056 a(g212 V(C' p10057 tp10058 a(g266 V\u005cfR p10059 tp10060 a(g212 V will reset it with the results of p10061 tp10062 a(g266 V\u005cf p10063 tp10064 a(g212 V(CW p10065 tp10066 a(g266 V\u005c* p10067 tp10068 a(g212 V(C`stat _ p10069 tp10070 a(g266 V\u005c* p10071 tp10072 a(g212 V(C' p10073 tp10074 a(g266 V\u005cfR p10075 tp10076 a(g212 V). p10077 tp10078 a(g212 V\u000a tp10079 a(g212 VExample: p10080 tp10081 a(g212 V\u000a tp10082 a(g212 V. tp10083 a(g134 VSp p10084 tp10085 a(g212 V\u000a tp10086 a(g212 V. tp10087 a(g134 VVb p10088 tp10089 a(g212 V tp10090 a(g227 V1 tp10091 a(g212 V\u000a tp10092 a(g212 V tp10093 a(g266 V\u005c& p10094 tp10095 a(g212 V print "Can do. p10096 tp10097 a(g266 V\u005ce p10098 tp10099 a(g212 Vn" if -r $a || -w _ || -x _; p10100 tp10101 a(g212 V\u000a tp10102 a(g212 V. tp10103 a(g134 VVe p10104 tp10105 a(g212 V\u000a tp10106 a(g212 V. tp10107 a(g134 VSp p10108 tp10109 a(g212 V\u000a tp10110 a(g212 V. tp10111 a(g134 VVb p10112 tp10113 a(g212 V tp10114 a(g227 V9 tp10115 a(g212 V\u000a tp10116 a(g212 V tp10117 a(g266 V\u005c& p10118 tp10119 a(g212 V stat($filename); p10120 tp10121 a(g212 V\u000a tp10122 a(g212 V tp10123 a(g266 V\u005c& p10124 tp10125 a(g212 V print "Readable p10126 tp10127 a(g266 V\u005ce p10128 tp10129 a(g212 Vn" if -r _; p10130 tp10131 a(g212 V\u000a tp10132 a(g212 V tp10133 a(g266 V\u005c& p10134 tp10135 a(g212 V print "Writable p10136 tp10137 a(g266 V\u005ce p10138 tp10139 a(g212 Vn" if -w _; p10140 tp10141 a(g212 V\u000a tp10142 a(g212 V tp10143 a(g266 V\u005c& p10144 tp10145 a(g212 V print "Executable p10146 tp10147 a(g266 V\u005ce p10148 tp10149 a(g212 Vn" if -x _; p10150 tp10151 a(g212 V\u000a tp10152 a(g212 V tp10153 a(g266 V\u005c& p10154 tp10155 a(g212 V print "Setuid p10156 tp10157 a(g266 V\u005ce p10158 tp10159 a(g212 Vn" if -u _; p10160 tp10161 a(g212 V\u000a tp10162 a(g212 V tp10163 a(g266 V\u005c& p10164 tp10165 a(g212 V print "Setgid p10166 tp10167 a(g266 V\u005ce p10168 tp10169 a(g212 Vn" if -g _; p10170 tp10171 a(g212 V\u000a tp10172 a(g212 V tp10173 a(g266 V\u005c& p10174 tp10175 a(g212 V print "Sticky p10176 tp10177 a(g266 V\u005ce p10178 tp10179 a(g212 Vn" if -k _; p10180 tp10181 a(g212 V\u000a tp10182 a(g212 V tp10183 a(g266 V\u005c& p10184 tp10185 a(g212 V print "Text p10186 tp10187 a(g266 V\u005ce p10188 tp10189 a(g212 Vn" if -T _; p10190 tp10191 a(g212 V\u000a tp10192 a(g212 V tp10193 a(g266 V\u005c& p10194 tp10195 a(g212 V print "Binary p10196 tp10197 a(g266 V\u005ce p10198 tp10199 a(g212 Vn" if -B _; p10200 tp10201 a(g212 V\u000a tp10202 a(g212 V. tp10203 a(g134 VVe p10204 tp10205 a(g212 V\u000a tp10206 a(g212 V. tp10207 a(g134 VIP p10208 tp10209 a(g212 V tp10210 a(g259 V"abs \u005cs-1VALUE\u005cs0" p10211 tp10212 a(g212 V tp10213 a(g227 V8 tp10214 a(g212 V\u000a tp10215 a(g212 V. tp10216 a(g134 VIX p10217 tp10218 a(g212 V tp10219 a(g240 VXref p10220 tp10221 a(g212 V tp10222 a(g259 V"abs absolute" p10223 tp10224 a(g212 V\u000a tp10225 a(g212 V. tp10226 a(g134 VIX p10227 tp10228 a(g212 V tp10229 a(g240 VItem p10230 tp10231 a(g212 V tp10232 a(g259 V"abs VALUE" p10233 tp10234 a(g212 V\u000a tp10235 a(g212 V. tp10236 a(g134 VPD p10237 tp10238 a(g212 V tp10239 a(g227 V0 tp10240 a(g212 V\u000a tp10241 a(g212 V. tp10242 a(g134 VIP p10243 tp10244 a(g212 V tp10245 a(g259 V"abs" p10246 tp10247 a(g212 V tp10248 a(g227 V8 tp10249 a(g212 V\u000a tp10250 a(g212 V. tp10251 a(g134 VIX p10252 tp10253 a(g212 V tp10254 a(g240 VItem p10255 tp10256 a(g212 V tp10257 a(g259 V"abs" p10258 tp10259 a(g212 V\u000a tp10260 a(g212 V. tp10261 a(g134 VPD p10262 tp10263 a(g212 V\u000a tp10264 a(g212 VReturns the absolute value of its argument. p10265 tp10266 a(g212 V\u000a tp10267 a(g212 VIf p10268 tp10269 a(g266 V\u005cs p10270 tp10271 a(g212 V-1VALUE p10272 tp10273 a(g266 V\u005cs p10274 tp10275 a(g212 V0 is omitted, uses p10276 tp10277 a(g266 V\u005cf p10278 tp10279 a(g212 V(CW$_ p10280 tp10281 a(g266 V\u005cfR p10282 tp10283 a(g212 V. tp10284 a(g212 V\u000a tp10285 a(g212 V. tp10286 a(g134 VIP p10287 tp10288 a(g212 V tp10289 a(g259 V"accept \u005cs-1NEWSOCKET\u005cs0,GENERICSOCKET" p10290 tp10291 a(g212 V tp10292 a(g227 V8 tp10293 a(g212 V\u000a tp10294 a(g212 V. tp10295 a(g134 VIX p10296 tp10297 a(g212 V tp10298 a(g240 VXref p10299 tp10300 a(g212 V tp10301 a(g259 V"accept" p10302 tp10303 a(g212 V\u000a tp10304 a(g212 V. tp10305 a(g134 VIX p10306 tp10307 a(g212 V tp10308 a(g240 VItem p10309 tp10310 a(g212 V tp10311 a(g259 V"accept NEWSOCKET,GENERICSOCKET" p10312 tp10313 a(g212 V\u000a tp10314 a(g212 VAccepts an incoming socket connect, just as the p10315 tp10316 a(g266 V\u005cfI p10317 tp10318 a(g212 Vaccept p10319 tp10320 a(g266 V\u005cfR p10321 tp10322 a(g266 V\u005c| p10323 tp10324 a(g212 V(2) system call p10325 tp10326 a(g212 V\u000a tp10327 a(g212 Vdoes. Returns the packed address if it succeeded, false otherwise. p10328 tp10329 a(g212 V\u000a tp10330 a(g212 VSee the example in p10331 tp10332 a(g266 V\u005c* p10333 tp10334 a(g212 V(L"Sockets: Client/Server Communication p10335 tp10336 a(g266 V\u005c* p10337 tp10338 a(g212 V(R" in perlipc. p10339 tp10340 a(g212 V\u000a tp10341 a(g212 V. tp10342 a(g134 VSp p10343 tp10344 a(g212 V\u000a tp10345 a(g212 VOn systems that support a close-on-exec flag on files, the flag will p10346 tp10347 a(g212 V\u000a tp10348 a(g212 Vbe set for the newly opened file descriptor, as determined by the p10349 tp10350 a(g212 V\u000a tp10351 a(g212 Vvalue of $^F. See p10352 tp10353 a(g266 V\u005c* p10354 tp10355 a(g212 V(L"$^F p10356 tp10357 a(g266 V\u005c* p10358 tp10359 a(g212 V(R" in perlvar. p10360 tp10361 a(g212 V\u000a tp10362 a(g212 V. tp10363 a(g134 VIP p10364 tp10365 a(g212 V tp10366 a(g259 V"alarm \u005cs-1SECONDS\u005cs0" p10367 tp10368 a(g212 V tp10369 a(g227 V8 tp10370 a(g212 V\u000a tp10371 a(g212 V. tp10372 a(g134 VIX p10373 tp10374 a(g212 V tp10375 a(g240 VXref p10376 tp10377 a(g212 V tp10378 a(g259 V"alarm SIGALRM timer" p10379 tp10380 a(g212 V\u000a tp10381 a(g212 V. tp10382 a(g134 VIX p10383 tp10384 a(g212 V tp10385 a(g240 VItem p10386 tp10387 a(g212 V tp10388 a(g259 V"alarm SECONDS" p10389 tp10390 a(g212 V\u000a tp10391 a(g212 V. tp10392 a(g134 VPD p10393 tp10394 a(g212 V tp10395 a(g227 V0 tp10396 a(g212 V\u000a tp10397 a(g212 V. tp10398 a(g134 VIP p10399 tp10400 a(g212 V tp10401 a(g259 V"alarm" p10402 tp10403 a(g212 V tp10404 a(g227 V8 tp10405 a(g212 V\u000a tp10406 a(g212 V. tp10407 a(g134 VIX p10408 tp10409 a(g212 V tp10410 a(g240 VItem p10411 tp10412 a(g212 V tp10413 a(g259 V"alarm" p10414 tp10415 a(g212 V\u000a tp10416 a(g212 V. tp10417 a(g134 VPD p10418 tp10419 a(g212 V\u000a tp10420 a(g212 VArranges to have a p10421 tp10422 a(g266 V\u005cs p10423 tp10424 a(g212 V-1SIGALRM p10425 tp10426 a(g266 V\u005cs p10427 tp10428 a(g212 V0 delivered to this process after the p10429 tp10430 a(g212 V\u000a tp10431 a(g212 Vspecified number of wallclock seconds has elapsed. If p10432 tp10433 a(g266 V\u005cs p10434 tp10435 a(g212 V-1SECONDS p10436 tp10437 a(g266 V\u005cs p10438 tp10439 a(g212 V0 is not p10440 tp10441 a(g212 V\u000a tp10442 a(g212 Vspecified, the value stored in p10443 tp10444 a(g266 V\u005cf p10445 tp10446 a(g212 V(CW$_ p10447 tp10448 a(g266 V\u005cfR p10449 tp10450 a(g212 V is used. (On some machines, p10451 tp10452 a(g212 V\u000a tp10453 a(g212 Vunfortunately, the elapsed time may be up to one second less or more p10454 tp10455 a(g212 V\u000a tp10456 a(g212 Vthan you specified because of how seconds are counted, and process p10457 tp10458 a(g212 V\u000a tp10459 a(g212 Vscheduling may delay the delivery of the signal even further.) p10460 tp10461 a(g212 V\u000a tp10462 a(g212 V. tp10463 a(g134 VSp p10464 tp10465 a(g212 V\u000a tp10466 a(g212 VOnly one timer may be counting at once. Each call disables the p10467 tp10468 a(g212 V\u000a tp10469 a(g212 Vprevious timer, and an argument of p10470 tp10471 a(g266 V\u005cf p10472 tp10473 a(g212 V(CW0 p10474 tp10475 a(g266 V\u005cfR p10476 tp10477 a(g212 V may be supplied to cancel the p10478 tp10479 a(g212 V\u000a tp10480 a(g212 Vprevious timer without starting a new one. The returned value is the p10481 tp10482 a(g212 V\u000a tp10483 a(g212 Vamount of time remaining on the previous timer. p10484 tp10485 a(g212 V\u000a tp10486 a(g212 V. tp10487 a(g134 VSp p10488 tp10489 a(g212 V\u000a tp10490 a(g212 VFor delays of finer granularity than one second, you may use Perl's p10491 tp10492 a(g212 V\u000a tp10493 a(g212 Vfour-argument version of p10494 tp10495 a(g266 V\u005cfI p10496 tp10497 a(g212 Vselect() p10498 tp10499 a(g266 V\u005cfR p10500 tp10501 a(g212 V leaving the first three arguments p10502 tp10503 a(g212 V\u000a tp10504 a(g212 Vundefined, or you might be able to use the p10505 tp10506 a(g266 V\u005cf p10507 tp10508 a(g212 V(CW p10509 tp10510 a(g266 V\u005c* p10511 tp10512 a(g212 V(C`syscall p10513 tp10514 a(g266 V\u005c* p10515 tp10516 a(g212 V(C' p10517 tp10518 a(g266 V\u005cfR p10519 tp10520 a(g212 V interface to p10521 tp10522 a(g212 V\u000a tp10523 a(g212 Vaccess p10524 tp10525 a(g266 V\u005cfI p10526 tp10527 a(g212 Vsetitimer p10528 tp10529 a(g266 V\u005cfR p10530 tp10531 a(g266 V\u005c| p10532 tp10533 a(g212 V(2) if your system supports it. The Time::HiRes p10534 tp10535 a(g212 V\u000a tp10536 a(g212 Vmodule (from p10537 tp10538 a(g266 V\u005cs p10539 tp10540 a(g212 V-1CPAN p10541 tp10542 a(g266 V\u005cs p10543 tp10544 a(g212 V0, and starting from Perl 5.8 part of the standard p10545 tp10546 a(g212 V\u000a tp10547 a(g212 Vdistribution) may also prove useful. p10548 tp10549 a(g212 V\u000a tp10550 a(g212 V. tp10551 a(g134 VSp p10552 tp10553 a(g212 V\u000a tp10554 a(g212 VIt is usually a mistake to intermix p10555 tp10556 a(g266 V\u005cf p10557 tp10558 a(g212 V(CW p10559 tp10560 a(g266 V\u005c* p10561 tp10562 a(g212 V(C`alarm p10563 tp10564 a(g266 V\u005c* p10565 tp10566 a(g212 V(C' p10567 tp10568 a(g266 V\u005cfR p10569 tp10570 a(g212 V and p10571 tp10572 a(g266 V\u005cf p10573 tp10574 a(g212 V(CW p10575 tp10576 a(g266 V\u005c* p10577 tp10578 a(g212 V(C`sleep p10579 tp10580 a(g266 V\u005c* p10581 tp10582 a(g212 V(C' p10583 tp10584 a(g266 V\u005cfR p10585 tp10586 a(g212 V calls. p10587 tp10588 a(g212 V\u000a tp10589 a(g212 V( tp10590 a(g266 V\u005cf p10591 tp10592 a(g212 V(CW p10593 tp10594 a(g266 V\u005c* p10595 tp10596 a(g212 V(C`sleep p10597 tp10598 a(g266 V\u005c* p10599 tp10600 a(g212 V(C' p10601 tp10602 a(g266 V\u005cfR p10603 tp10604 a(g212 V may be internally implemented in your system with p10605 tp10606 a(g266 V\u005cf p10607 tp10608 a(g212 V(CW p10609 tp10610 a(g266 V\u005c* p10611 tp10612 a(g212 V(C`alarm p10613 tp10614 a(g266 V\u005c* p10615 tp10616 a(g212 V(C' p10617 tp10618 a(g266 V\u005cfR p10619 tp10620 a(g212 V) tp10621 a(g212 V\u000a tp10622 a(g212 V. tp10623 a(g134 VSp p10624 tp10625 a(g212 V\u000a tp10626 a(g212 VIf you want to use p10627 tp10628 a(g266 V\u005cf p10629 tp10630 a(g212 V(CW p10631 tp10632 a(g266 V\u005c* p10633 tp10634 a(g212 V(C`alarm p10635 tp10636 a(g266 V\u005c* p10637 tp10638 a(g212 V(C' p10639 tp10640 a(g266 V\u005cfR p10641 tp10642 a(g212 V to time out a system call you need to use an p10643 tp10644 a(g212 V\u000a tp10645 a(g212 V tp10646 a(g266 V\u005c& p10647 tp10648 a(g266 V\u005cf p10649 tp10650 a(g212 V(CW p10651 tp10652 a(g266 V\u005c* p10653 tp10654 a(g212 V(C`eval p10655 tp10656 a(g266 V\u005c* p10657 tp10658 a(g212 V(C' p10659 tp10660 a(g266 V\u005cfR p10661 tp10662 a(g212 V/ tp10663 a(g266 V\u005cf p10664 tp10665 a(g212 V(CW p10666 tp10667 a(g266 V\u005c* p10668 tp10669 a(g212 V(C`die p10670 tp10671 a(g266 V\u005c* p10672 tp10673 a(g212 V(C' p10674 tp10675 a(g266 V\u005cfR p10676 tp10677 a(g212 V pair. You can't rely on the alarm causing the system call to p10678 tp10679 a(g212 V\u000a tp10680 a(g212 Vfail with p10681 tp10682 a(g266 V\u005cf p10683 tp10684 a(g212 V(CW$! p10685 tp10686 a(g266 V\u005cfR p10687 tp10688 a(g212 V set to p10689 tp10690 a(g266 V\u005cf p10691 tp10692 a(g212 V(CW p10693 tp10694 a(g266 V\u005c* p10695 tp10696 a(g212 V(C`EINTR p10697 tp10698 a(g266 V\u005c* p10699 tp10700 a(g212 V(C' p10701 tp10702 a(g266 V\u005cfR p10703 tp10704 a(g212 V because Perl sets up signal handlers to p10705 tp10706 a(g212 V\u000a tp10707 a(g212 Vrestart system calls on some systems. Using p10708 tp10709 a(g266 V\u005cf p10710 tp10711 a(g212 V(CW p10712 tp10713 a(g266 V\u005c* p10714 tp10715 a(g212 V(C`eval p10716 tp10717 a(g266 V\u005c* p10718 tp10719 a(g212 V(C' p10720 tp10721 a(g266 V\u005cfR p10722 tp10723 a(g212 V/ tp10724 a(g266 V\u005cf p10725 tp10726 a(g212 V(CW p10727 tp10728 a(g266 V\u005c* p10729 tp10730 a(g212 V(C`die p10731 tp10732 a(g266 V\u005c* p10733 tp10734 a(g212 V(C' p10735 tp10736 a(g266 V\u005cfR p10737 tp10738 a(g212 V always works, p10739 tp10740 a(g212 V\u000a tp10741 a(g212 Vmodulo the caveats given in p10742 tp10743 a(g266 V\u005c* p10744 tp10745 a(g212 V(L"Signals p10746 tp10747 a(g266 V\u005c* p10748 tp10749 a(g212 V(R" in perlipc. p10750 tp10751 a(g212 V\u000a tp10752 a(g212 V. tp10753 a(g134 VSp p10754 tp10755 a(g212 V\u000a tp10756 a(g212 V. tp10757 a(g134 VVb p10758 tp10759 a(g212 V tp10760 a(g227 V13 p10761 tp10762 a(g212 V\u000a tp10763 a(g212 V tp10764 a(g266 V\u005c& p10765 tp10766 a(g212 V eval { p10767 tp10768 a(g212 V\u000a tp10769 a(g212 V tp10770 a(g266 V\u005c& p10771 tp10772 a(g212 V local $SIG{ALRM} = sub { die "alarm p10773 tp10774 a(g266 V\u005ce p10775 tp10776 a(g212 Vn" }; # NB: p10777 tp10778 a(g266 V\u005ce p10779 tp10780 a(g212 Vn required p10781 tp10782 a(g212 V\u000a tp10783 a(g212 V tp10784 a(g266 V\u005c& p10785 tp10786 a(g212 V alarm $timeout; p10787 tp10788 a(g212 V\u000a tp10789 a(g212 V tp10790 a(g266 V\u005c& p10791 tp10792 a(g212 V $nread = sysread SOCKET, $buffer, $size; p10793 tp10794 a(g212 V\u000a tp10795 a(g212 V tp10796 a(g266 V\u005c& p10797 tp10798 a(g212 V alarm 0; p10799 tp10800 a(g212 V\u000a tp10801 a(g212 V tp10802 a(g266 V\u005c& p10803 tp10804 a(g212 V }; p10805 tp10806 a(g212 V\u000a tp10807 a(g212 V tp10808 a(g266 V\u005c& p10809 tp10810 a(g212 V if ($@) { p10811 tp10812 a(g212 V\u000a tp10813 a(g212 V tp10814 a(g266 V\u005c& p10815 tp10816 a(g212 V die unless $@ eq "alarm p10817 tp10818 a(g266 V\u005ce p10819 tp10820 a(g212 Vn"; # propagate unexpected errors p10821 tp10822 a(g212 V\u000a tp10823 a(g212 V tp10824 a(g266 V\u005c& p10825 tp10826 a(g212 V # timed out p10827 tp10828 a(g212 V\u000a tp10829 a(g212 V tp10830 a(g266 V\u005c& p10831 tp10832 a(g212 V } p10833 tp10834 a(g212 V\u000a tp10835 a(g212 V tp10836 a(g266 V\u005c& p10837 tp10838 a(g212 V else { p10839 tp10840 a(g212 V\u000a tp10841 a(g212 V tp10842 a(g266 V\u005c& p10843 tp10844 a(g212 V # didn't p10845 tp10846 a(g212 V\u000a tp10847 a(g212 V tp10848 a(g266 V\u005c& p10849 tp10850 a(g212 V } p10851 tp10852 a(g212 V\u000a tp10853 a(g212 V. tp10854 a(g134 VVe p10855 tp10856 a(g212 V\u000a tp10857 a(g212 V. tp10858 a(g134 VSp p10859 tp10860 a(g212 V\u000a tp10861 a(g212 VFor more information see perlipc. p10862 tp10863 a(g212 V\u000a tp10864 a(g212 V. tp10865 a(g134 VIP p10866 tp10867 a(g212 V tp10868 a(g259 V"atan2 Y,X" p10869 tp10870 a(g212 V tp10871 a(g227 V8 tp10872 a(g212 V\u000a tp10873 a(g212 V. tp10874 a(g134 VIX p10875 tp10876 a(g212 V tp10877 a(g240 VXref p10878 tp10879 a(g212 V tp10880 a(g259 V"atan2 arctangent tan tangent" p10881 tp10882 a(g212 V\u000a tp10883 a(g212 V. tp10884 a(g134 VIX p10885 tp10886 a(g212 V tp10887 a(g240 VItem p10888 tp10889 a(g212 V tp10890 a(g259 V"atan2 Y,X" p10891 tp10892 a(g212 V\u000a tp10893 a(g212 VReturns the arctangent of Y/X in the range p10894 tp10895 a(g266 V\u005c- p10896 tp10897 a(g212 VPI to p10898 tp10899 a(g266 V\u005cs p10900 tp10901 a(g212 V-1PI p10902 tp10903 a(g266 V\u005cs p10904 tp10905 a(g212 V0. p10906 tp10907 a(g212 V\u000a tp10908 a(g212 V. tp10909 a(g134 VSp p10910 tp10911 a(g212 V\u000a tp10912 a(g212 VFor the tangent operation, you may use the p10913 tp10914 a(g266 V\u005cf p10915 tp10916 a(g212 V(CW p10917 tp10918 a(g266 V\u005c* p10919 tp10920 a(g212 V(C`Math::Trig::tan p10921 tp10922 a(g266 V\u005c* p10923 tp10924 a(g212 V(C' p10925 tp10926 a(g266 V\u005cfR p10927 tp10928 a(g212 V\u000a tp10929 a(g212 Vfunction, or use the familiar relation: p10930 tp10931 a(g212 V\u000a tp10932 a(g212 V. tp10933 a(g134 VSp p10934 tp10935 a(g212 V\u000a tp10936 a(g212 V. tp10937 a(g134 VVb p10938 tp10939 a(g212 V tp10940 a(g227 V1 tp10941 a(g212 V\u000a tp10942 a(g212 V tp10943 a(g266 V\u005c& p10944 tp10945 a(g212 V sub tan { sin($_[0]) / cos($_[0]) } p10946 tp10947 a(g212 V\u000a tp10948 a(g212 V. tp10949 a(g134 VVe p10950 tp10951 a(g212 V\u000a tp10952 a(g212 V. tp10953 a(g134 VSp p10954 tp10955 a(g212 V\u000a tp10956 a(g212 VNote that atan2(0, 0) is not well p10957 tp10958 a(g266 V\u005c- p10959 tp10960 a(g212 Vdefined. p10961 tp10962 a(g212 V\u000a tp10963 a(g212 V. tp10964 a(g134 VIP p10965 tp10966 a(g212 V tp10967 a(g259 V"bind \u005cs-1SOCKET\u005cs0,NAME" p10968 tp10969 a(g212 V tp10970 a(g227 V8 tp10971 a(g212 V\u000a tp10972 a(g212 V. tp10973 a(g134 VIX p10974 tp10975 a(g212 V tp10976 a(g240 VXref p10977 tp10978 a(g212 V tp10979 a(g259 V"bind" p10980 tp10981 a(g212 V\u000a tp10982 a(g212 V. tp10983 a(g134 VIX p10984 tp10985 a(g212 V tp10986 a(g240 VItem p10987 tp10988 a(g212 V tp10989 a(g259 V"bind SOCKET,NAME" p10990 tp10991 a(g212 V\u000a tp10992 a(g212 VBinds a network address to a socket, just as the bind system call p10993 tp10994 a(g212 V\u000a tp10995 a(g212 Vdoes. Returns true if it succeeded, false otherwise. p10996 tp10997 a(g266 V\u005cs p10998 tp10999 a(g212 V-1NAME p11000 tp11001 a(g266 V\u005cs p11002 tp11003 a(g212 V0 should be a p11004 tp11005 a(g212 V\u000a tp11006 a(g212 Vpacked address of the appropriate type for the socket. See the examples in p11007 tp11008 a(g212 V\u000a tp11009 a(g212 V tp11010 a(g266 V\u005c& p11011 tp11012 a(g266 V\u005c* p11013 tp11014 a(g212 V(L"Sockets: Client/Server Communication p11015 tp11016 a(g266 V\u005c* p11017 tp11018 a(g212 V(R" in perlipc. p11019 tp11020 a(g212 V\u000a tp11021 a(g212 V. tp11022 a(g134 VIP p11023 tp11024 a(g212 V tp11025 a(g259 V"binmode \u005cs-1FILEHANDLE\u005cs0, \u005cs-1LAYER\u005cs0" p11026 tp11027 a(g212 V tp11028 a(g227 V8 tp11029 a(g212 V\u000a tp11030 a(g212 V. tp11031 a(g134 VIX p11032 tp11033 a(g212 V tp11034 a(g240 VXref p11035 tp11036 a(g212 V tp11037 a(g259 V"binmode binary text DOS Windows" p11038 tp11039 a(g212 V\u000a tp11040 a(g212 V. tp11041 a(g134 VIX p11042 tp11043 a(g212 V tp11044 a(g240 VItem p11045 tp11046 a(g212 V tp11047 a(g259 V"binmode FILEHANDLE, LAYER" p11048 tp11049 a(g212 V\u000a tp11050 a(g212 V. tp11051 a(g134 VPD p11052 tp11053 a(g212 V tp11054 a(g227 V0 tp11055 a(g212 V\u000a tp11056 a(g212 V. tp11057 a(g134 VIP p11058 tp11059 a(g212 V tp11060 a(g259 V"binmode \u005cs-1FILEHANDLE\u005cs0" p11061 tp11062 a(g212 V tp11063 a(g227 V8 tp11064 a(g212 V\u000a tp11065 a(g212 V. tp11066 a(g134 VIX p11067 tp11068 a(g212 V tp11069 a(g240 VItem p11070 tp11071 a(g212 V tp11072 a(g259 V"binmode FILEHANDLE" p11073 tp11074 a(g212 V\u000a tp11075 a(g212 V. tp11076 a(g134 VPD p11077 tp11078 a(g212 V\u000a tp11079 a(g212 VArranges for p11080 tp11081 a(g266 V\u005cs p11082 tp11083 a(g212 V-1FILEHANDLE p11084 tp11085 a(g266 V\u005cs p11086 tp11087 a(g212 V0 to be read or written in p11088 tp11089 a(g266 V\u005c* p11090 tp11091 a(g212 V(L"binary p11092 tp11093 a(g266 V\u005c* p11094 tp11095 a(g212 V(R" or p11096 tp11097 a(g266 V\u005c* p11098 tp11099 a(g212 V(L"text p11100 tp11101 a(g266 V\u005c* p11102 tp11103 a(g212 V(R" p11104 tp11105 a(g212 V\u000a tp11106 a(g212 Vmode on systems where the run-time libraries distinguish between p11107 tp11108 a(g212 V\u000a tp11109 a(g212 Vbinary and text files. If p11110 tp11111 a(g266 V\u005cs p11112 tp11113 a(g212 V-1FILEHANDLE p11114 tp11115 a(g266 V\u005cs p11116 tp11117 a(g212 V0 is an expression, the value is p11118 tp11119 a(g212 V\u000a tp11120 a(g212 Vtaken as the name of the filehandle. Returns true on success, p11121 tp11122 a(g212 V\u000a tp11123 a(g212 Votherwise it returns p11124 tp11125 a(g266 V\u005cf p11126 tp11127 a(g212 V(CW p11128 tp11129 a(g266 V\u005c* p11130 tp11131 a(g212 V(C`undef p11132 tp11133 a(g266 V\u005c* p11134 tp11135 a(g212 V(C' p11136 tp11137 a(g266 V\u005cfR p11138 tp11139 a(g212 V and sets p11140 tp11141 a(g266 V\u005cf p11142 tp11143 a(g212 V(CW$! p11144 tp11145 a(g266 V\u005cfR p11146 tp11147 a(g212 V (errno). p11148 tp11149 a(g212 V\u000a tp11150 a(g212 V. tp11151 a(g134 VSp p11152 tp11153 a(g212 V\u000a tp11154 a(g212 VOn some systems (in general, p11155 tp11156 a(g266 V\u005cs p11157 tp11158 a(g212 V-1DOS p11159 tp11160 a(g266 V\u005cs p11161 tp11162 a(g212 V0 and Windows-based systems) p11163 tp11164 a(g266 V\u005cfI p11165 tp11166 a(g212 Vbinmode() p11167 tp11168 a(g266 V\u005cfR p11169 tp11170 a(g212 V\u000a tp11171 a(g212 Vis necessary when you're not working with a text file. For the sake p11172 tp11173 a(g212 V\u000a tp11174 a(g212 Vof portability it is a good idea to always use it when appropriate, p11175 tp11176 a(g212 V\u000a tp11177 a(g212 Vand to never use it when it isn't appropriate. Also, people can p11178 tp11179 a(g212 V\u000a tp11180 a(g212 Vset their I/O to be by default p11181 tp11182 a(g266 V\u005cs p11183 tp11184 a(g212 V-1UTF p11185 tp11186 a(g266 V\u005c- p11187 tp11188 a(g212 V8 tp11189 a(g266 V\u005cs p11190 tp11191 a(g212 V0 encoded Unicode, not bytes. p11192 tp11193 a(g212 V\u000a tp11194 a(g212 V. tp11195 a(g134 VSp p11196 tp11197 a(g212 V\u000a tp11198 a(g212 VIn other words: regardless of platform, use p11199 tp11200 a(g266 V\u005cfI p11201 tp11202 a(g212 Vbinmode() p11203 tp11204 a(g266 V\u005cfR p11205 tp11206 a(g212 V on binary data, p11207 tp11208 a(g212 V\u000a tp11209 a(g212 Vlike for example images. p11210 tp11211 a(g212 V\u000a tp11212 a(g212 V. tp11213 a(g134 VSp p11214 tp11215 a(g212 V\u000a tp11216 a(g212 VIf p11217 tp11218 a(g266 V\u005cs p11219 tp11220 a(g212 V-1LAYER p11221 tp11222 a(g266 V\u005cs p11223 tp11224 a(g212 V0 is present it is a single string, but may contain multiple p11225 tp11226 a(g212 V\u000a tp11227 a(g212 Vdirectives. The directives alter the behaviour of the file handle. p11228 tp11229 a(g212 V\u000a tp11230 a(g212 VWhen p11231 tp11232 a(g266 V\u005cs p11233 tp11234 a(g212 V-1LAYER p11235 tp11236 a(g266 V\u005cs p11237 tp11238 a(g212 V0 is present using binmode on text file makes sense. p11239 tp11240 a(g212 V\u000a tp11241 a(g212 V. tp11242 a(g134 VSp p11243 tp11244 a(g212 V\u000a tp11245 a(g212 VIf p11246 tp11247 a(g266 V\u005cs p11248 tp11249 a(g212 V-1LAYER p11250 tp11251 a(g266 V\u005cs p11252 tp11253 a(g212 V0 is omitted or specified as p11254 tp11255 a(g266 V\u005cf p11256 tp11257 a(g212 V(CW p11258 tp11259 a(g266 V\u005c* p11260 tp11261 a(g212 V(C`:raw p11262 tp11263 a(g266 V\u005c* p11264 tp11265 a(g212 V(C' p11266 tp11267 a(g266 V\u005cfR p11268 tp11269 a(g212 V the filehandle is made p11270 tp11271 a(g212 V\u000a tp11272 a(g212 Vsuitable for passing binary data. This includes turning off possible p11273 tp11274 a(g266 V\u005cs p11275 tp11276 a(g212 V-1CRLF p11277 tp11278 a(g266 V\u005cs p11279 tp11280 a(g212 V0 tp11281 a(g212 V\u000a tp11282 a(g212 Vtranslation and marking it as bytes (as opposed to Unicode characters). p11283 tp11284 a(g212 V\u000a tp11285 a(g212 VNote that, despite what may be implied in p11286 tp11287 a(g266 V\u005cfI p11288 tp11289 a(g266 V\u005c* p11290 tp11291 a(g212 V(L"Programming Perl p11292 tp11293 a(g266 V\u005c* p11294 tp11295 a(g212 V(R" p11296 tp11297 a(g266 V\u005cfR p11298 tp11299 a(g212 V (the p11300 tp11301 a(g212 V\u000a tp11302 a(g212 VCamel) or elsewhere, p11303 tp11304 a(g266 V\u005cf p11305 tp11306 a(g212 V(CW p11307 tp11308 a(g266 V\u005c* p11309 tp11310 a(g212 V(C`:raw p11311 tp11312 a(g266 V\u005c* p11313 tp11314 a(g212 V(C' p11315 tp11316 a(g266 V\u005cfR p11317 tp11318 a(g212 V is p11319 tp11320 a(g266 V\u005cfI p11321 tp11322 a(g212 Vnot p11323 tp11324 a(g266 V\u005cfR p11325 tp11326 a(g212 V the simply inverse of p11327 tp11328 a(g266 V\u005cf p11329 tp11330 a(g212 V(CW p11331 tp11332 a(g266 V\u005c* p11333 tp11334 a(g212 V(C`:crlf p11335 tp11336 a(g266 V\u005c* p11337 tp11338 a(g212 V(C' p11339 tp11340 a(g266 V\u005cfR p11341 tp11342 a(g212 V\u000a tp11343 a(g212 V tp11344 a(g266 V\u005c& p11345 tp11346 a(g266 V\u005c* p11347 tp11348 a(g212 V(-- other layers which would affect binary nature of the stream are p11349 tp11350 a(g212 V\u000a tp11351 a(g212 V tp11352 a(g266 V\u005c& p11353 tp11354 a(g266 V\u005cfI p11355 tp11356 a(g212 Valso p11357 tp11358 a(g266 V\u005cfR p11359 tp11360 a(g212 V disabled. See PerlIO, perlrun and the discussion about the p11361 tp11362 a(g212 V\u000a tp11363 a(g212 V tp11364 a(g266 V\u005c& p11365 tp11366 a(g266 V\u005cs p11367 tp11368 a(g212 V-1PERLIO p11369 tp11370 a(g266 V\u005cs p11371 tp11372 a(g212 V0 environment variable. p11373 tp11374 a(g212 V\u000a tp11375 a(g212 V. tp11376 a(g134 VSp p11377 tp11378 a(g212 V\u000a tp11379 a(g212 VThe p11380 tp11381 a(g266 V\u005cf p11382 tp11383 a(g212 V(CW p11384 tp11385 a(g266 V\u005c* p11386 tp11387 a(g212 V(C`:bytes p11388 tp11389 a(g266 V\u005c* p11390 tp11391 a(g212 V(C' p11392 tp11393 a(g266 V\u005cfR p11394 tp11395 a(g212 V, p11396 tp11397 a(g266 V\u005cf p11398 tp11399 a(g212 V(CW p11400 tp11401 a(g266 V\u005c* p11402 tp11403 a(g212 V(C`:crlf p11404 tp11405 a(g266 V\u005c* p11406 tp11407 a(g212 V(C' p11408 tp11409 a(g266 V\u005cfR p11410 tp11411 a(g212 V, and p11412 tp11413 a(g266 V\u005cf p11414 tp11415 a(g212 V(CW p11416 tp11417 a(g266 V\u005c* p11418 tp11419 a(g212 V(C`:utf8 p11420 tp11421 a(g266 V\u005c* p11422 tp11423 a(g212 V(C' p11424 tp11425 a(g266 V\u005cfR p11426 tp11427 a(g212 V, and any other directives of the p11428 tp11429 a(g212 V\u000a tp11430 a(g212 Vform p11431 tp11432 a(g266 V\u005cf p11433 tp11434 a(g212 V(CW p11435 tp11436 a(g266 V\u005c* p11437 tp11438 a(g212 V(C`:... p11439 tp11440 a(g266 V\u005c* p11441 tp11442 a(g212 V(C' p11443 tp11444 a(g266 V\u005cfR p11445 tp11446 a(g212 V, are called I/O p11447 tp11448 a(g266 V\u005cfI p11449 tp11450 a(g212 Vlayers p11451 tp11452 a(g266 V\u005cfR p11453 tp11454 a(g212 V. The p11455 tp11456 a(g266 V\u005cf p11457 tp11458 a(g212 V(CW p11459 tp11460 a(g266 V\u005c* p11461 tp11462 a(g212 V(C`open p11463 tp11464 a(g266 V\u005c* p11465 tp11466 a(g212 V(C' p11467 tp11468 a(g266 V\u005cfR p11469 tp11470 a(g212 V pragma can be used to p11471 tp11472 a(g212 V\u000a tp11473 a(g212 Vestablish default I/O layers. See open. p11474 tp11475 a(g212 V\u000a tp11476 a(g212 V. tp11477 a(g134 VSp p11478 tp11479 a(g212 V\u000a tp11480 a(g212 V tp11481 a(g266 V\u005c& p11482 tp11483 a(g266 V\u005cfI p11484 tp11485 a(g212 VThe p11486 tp11487 a(g266 V\u005cs p11488 tp11489 a(g212 V-1LAYER p11490 tp11491 a(g266 V\u005cs p11492 tp11493 a(g212 V0 parameter of the p11494 tp11495 a(g266 V\u005cfI p11496 tp11497 a(g212 Vbinmode() p11498 tp11499 a(g266 V\u005cfI p11500 tp11501 a(g212 V function is described as p11502 tp11503 a(g266 V\u005c* p11504 tp11505 a(g212 V(L" p11506 tp11507 a(g266 V\u005cs p11508 tp11509 a(g212 V-1DISCIPLINE p11510 tp11511 a(g266 V\u005cs p11512 tp11513 a(g212 V0 tp11514 a(g266 V\u005c* p11515 tp11516 a(g212 V(R" p11517 tp11518 a(g212 V\u000a tp11519 a(g212 Vin p11520 tp11521 a(g266 V\u005c* p11522 tp11523 a(g212 V(L"Programming Perl, 3rd Edition p11524 tp11525 a(g266 V\u005c* p11526 tp11527 a(g212 V(R". However, since the publishing of this p11528 tp11529 a(g212 V\u000a tp11530 a(g212 Vbook, by many known as p11531 tp11532 a(g266 V\u005c* p11533 tp11534 a(g212 V(L"Camel p11535 tp11536 a(g266 V\u005cs p11537 tp11538 a(g212 V-1III p11539 tp11540 a(g266 V\u005cs p11541 tp11542 a(g212 V0 tp11543 a(g266 V\u005c* p11544 tp11545 a(g212 V(R", the consensus of the naming of this p11546 tp11547 a(g212 V\u000a tp11548 a(g212 Vfunctionality has moved from p11549 tp11550 a(g266 V\u005c* p11551 tp11552 a(g212 V(L"discipline p11553 tp11554 a(g266 V\u005c* p11555 tp11556 a(g212 V(R" to p11557 tp11558 a(g266 V\u005c* p11559 tp11560 a(g212 V(L"layer p11561 tp11562 a(g266 V\u005c* p11563 tp11564 a(g212 V(R". All documentation p11565 tp11566 a(g212 V\u000a tp11567 a(g212 Vof this version of Perl therefore refers to p11568 tp11569 a(g266 V\u005c* p11570 tp11571 a(g212 V(L"layers p11572 tp11573 a(g266 V\u005c* p11574 tp11575 a(g212 V(R" rather than to p11576 tp11577 a(g212 V\u000a tp11578 a(g212 V tp11579 a(g266 V\u005c& p11580 tp11581 a(g266 V\u005c* p11582 tp11583 a(g212 V(L"disciplines p11584 tp11585 a(g266 V\u005c* p11586 tp11587 a(g212 V(R". Now back to the regularly scheduled documentation... p11588 tp11589 a(g266 V\u005cfR p11590 tp11591 a(g212 V\u000a tp11592 a(g212 V. tp11593 a(g134 VSp p11594 tp11595 a(g212 V\u000a tp11596 a(g212 VTo mark p11597 tp11598 a(g266 V\u005cs p11599 tp11600 a(g212 V-1FILEHANDLE p11601 tp11602 a(g266 V\u005cs p11603 tp11604 a(g212 V0 as p11605 tp11606 a(g266 V\u005cs p11607 tp11608 a(g212 V-1UTF p11609 tp11610 a(g266 V\u005c- p11611 tp11612 a(g212 V8 tp11613 a(g266 V\u005cs p11614 tp11615 a(g212 V0, use p11616 tp11617 a(g266 V\u005cf p11618 tp11619 a(g212 V(CW p11620 tp11621 a(g266 V\u005c* p11622 tp11623 a(g212 V(C`:utf8 p11624 tp11625 a(g266 V\u005c* p11626 tp11627 a(g212 V(C' p11628 tp11629 a(g266 V\u005cfR p11630 tp11631 a(g212 V. tp11632 a(g212 V\u000a tp11633 a(g212 V. tp11634 a(g134 VSp p11635 tp11636 a(g212 V\u000a tp11637 a(g212 VIn general, p11638 tp11639 a(g266 V\u005cfI p11640 tp11641 a(g212 Vbinmode() p11642 tp11643 a(g266 V\u005cfR p11644 tp11645 a(g212 V should be called after p11646 tp11647 a(g266 V\u005cfI p11648 tp11649 a(g212 Vopen() p11650 tp11651 a(g266 V\u005cfR p11652 tp11653 a(g212 V but before any I/O p11654 tp11655 a(g212 V\u000a tp11656 a(g212 Vis done on the filehandle. Calling p11657 tp11658 a(g266 V\u005cfI p11659 tp11660 a(g212 Vbinmode() p11661 tp11662 a(g266 V\u005cfR p11663 tp11664 a(g212 V will normally flush any p11665 tp11666 a(g212 V\u000a tp11667 a(g212 Vpending buffered output data (and perhaps pending input data) on the p11668 tp11669 a(g212 V\u000a tp11670 a(g212 Vhandle. An exception to this is the p11671 tp11672 a(g266 V\u005cf p11673 tp11674 a(g212 V(CW p11675 tp11676 a(g266 V\u005c* p11677 tp11678 a(g212 V(C`:encoding p11679 tp11680 a(g266 V\u005c* p11681 tp11682 a(g212 V(C' p11683 tp11684 a(g266 V\u005cfR p11685 tp11686 a(g212 V layer that p11687 tp11688 a(g212 V\u000a tp11689 a(g212 Vchanges the default character encoding of the handle, see open. p11690 tp11691 a(g212 V\u000a tp11692 a(g212 VThe p11693 tp11694 a(g266 V\u005cf p11695 tp11696 a(g212 V(CW p11697 tp11698 a(g266 V\u005c* p11699 tp11700 a(g212 V(C`:encoding p11701 tp11702 a(g266 V\u005c* p11703 tp11704 a(g212 V(C' p11705 tp11706 a(g266 V\u005cfR p11707 tp11708 a(g212 V layer sometimes needs to be called in p11709 tp11710 a(g212 V\u000a tp11711 a(g212 Vmid p11712 tp11713 a(g266 V\u005c- p11714 tp11715 a(g212 Vstream, and it doesn't flush the stream. The p11716 tp11717 a(g266 V\u005cf p11718 tp11719 a(g212 V(CW p11720 tp11721 a(g266 V\u005c* p11722 tp11723 a(g212 V(C`:encoding p11724 tp11725 a(g266 V\u005c* p11726 tp11727 a(g212 V(C' p11728 tp11729 a(g266 V\u005cfR p11730 tp11731 a(g212 V\u000a tp11732 a(g212 Valso implicitly pushes on top of itself the p11733 tp11734 a(g266 V\u005cf p11735 tp11736 a(g212 V(CW p11737 tp11738 a(g266 V\u005c* p11739 tp11740 a(g212 V(C`:utf8 p11741 tp11742 a(g266 V\u005c* p11743 tp11744 a(g212 V(C' p11745 tp11746 a(g266 V\u005cfR p11747 tp11748 a(g212 V layer because p11749 tp11750 a(g212 V\u000a tp11751 a(g212 Vinternally Perl will operate on p11752 tp11753 a(g266 V\u005cs p11754 tp11755 a(g212 V-1UTF p11756 tp11757 a(g266 V\u005c- p11758 tp11759 a(g212 V8 tp11760 a(g266 V\u005cs p11761 tp11762 a(g212 V0 encoded Unicode characters. p11763 tp11764 a(g212 V\u000a tp11765 a(g212 V. tp11766 a(g134 VSp p11767 tp11768 a(g212 V\u000a tp11769 a(g212 VThe operating system, device drivers, C libraries, and Perl run-time p11770 tp11771 a(g212 V\u000a tp11772 a(g212 Vsystem all work together to let the programmer treat a single p11773 tp11774 a(g212 V\u000a tp11775 a(g212 Vcharacter ( p11776 tp11777 a(g266 V\u005cf p11778 tp11779 a(g212 V(CW p11780 tp11781 a(g266 V\u005c* p11782 tp11783 a(g212 V(C` p11784 tp11785 a(g266 V\u005ce p11786 tp11787 a(g212 Vn tp11788 a(g266 V\u005c* p11789 tp11790 a(g212 V(C' p11791 tp11792 a(g266 V\u005cfR p11793 tp11794 a(g212 V) as the line terminator, irrespective of the external p11795 tp11796 a(g212 V\u000a tp11797 a(g212 Vrepresentation. On many operating systems, the native text file p11798 tp11799 a(g212 V\u000a tp11800 a(g212 Vrepresentation matches the internal representation, but on some p11801 tp11802 a(g212 V\u000a tp11803 a(g212 Vplatforms the external representation of p11804 tp11805 a(g266 V\u005cf p11806 tp11807 a(g212 V(CW p11808 tp11809 a(g266 V\u005c* p11810 tp11811 a(g212 V(C` p11812 tp11813 a(g266 V\u005ce p11814 tp11815 a(g212 Vn tp11816 a(g266 V\u005c* p11817 tp11818 a(g212 V(C' p11819 tp11820 a(g266 V\u005cfR p11821 tp11822 a(g212 V is made up of more than p11823 tp11824 a(g212 V\u000a tp11825 a(g212 Vone character. p11826 tp11827 a(g212 V\u000a tp11828 a(g212 V. tp11829 a(g134 VSp p11830 tp11831 a(g212 V\u000a tp11832 a(g212 VMac p11833 tp11834 a(g266 V\u005cs p11835 tp11836 a(g212 V-1OS p11837 tp11838 a(g266 V\u005cs p11839 tp11840 a(g212 V0, all variants of Unix, and Stream_LF files on p11841 tp11842 a(g266 V\u005cs p11843 tp11844 a(g212 V-1VMS p11845 tp11846 a(g266 V\u005cs p11847 tp11848 a(g212 V0 use a single p11849 tp11850 a(g212 V\u000a tp11851 a(g212 Vcharacter to end each line in the external representation of text (even p11852 tp11853 a(g212 V\u000a tp11854 a(g212 Vthough that single character is p11855 tp11856 a(g266 V\u005cs p11857 tp11858 a(g212 V-1CARRIAGE p11859 tp11860 a(g266 V\u005cs p11861 tp11862 a(g212 V0 p11863 tp11864 a(g266 V\u005cs p11865 tp11866 a(g212 V-1RETURN p11867 tp11868 a(g266 V\u005cs p11869 tp11870 a(g212 V0 on Mac p11871 tp11872 a(g266 V\u005cs p11873 tp11874 a(g212 V-1OS p11875 tp11876 a(g266 V\u005cs p11877 tp11878 a(g212 V0 and p11879 tp11880 a(g266 V\u005cs p11881 tp11882 a(g212 V-1LINE p11883 tp11884 a(g266 V\u005cs p11885 tp11886 a(g212 V0 p11887 tp11888 a(g266 V\u005cs p11889 tp11890 a(g212 V-1FEED p11891 tp11892 a(g266 V\u005cs p11893 tp11894 a(g212 V0 tp11895 a(g212 V\u000a tp11896 a(g212 Von Unix and most p11897 tp11898 a(g266 V\u005cs p11899 tp11900 a(g212 V-1VMS p11901 tp11902 a(g266 V\u005cs p11903 tp11904 a(g212 V0 files). In other systems like p11905 tp11906 a(g266 V\u005cs p11907 tp11908 a(g212 V-1OS/2 p11909 tp11910 a(g266 V\u005cs p11911 tp11912 a(g212 V0, p11913 tp11914 a(g266 V\u005cs p11915 tp11916 a(g212 V-1DOS p11917 tp11918 a(g266 V\u005cs p11919 tp11920 a(g212 V0 and the p11921 tp11922 a(g212 V\u000a tp11923 a(g212 Vvarious flavors of MS-Windows your program sees a p11924 tp11925 a(g266 V\u005cf p11926 tp11927 a(g212 V(CW p11928 tp11929 a(g266 V\u005c* p11930 tp11931 a(g212 V(C` p11932 tp11933 a(g266 V\u005ce p11934 tp11935 a(g212 Vn tp11936 a(g266 V\u005c* p11937 tp11938 a(g212 V(C' p11939 tp11940 a(g266 V\u005cfR p11941 tp11942 a(g212 V as a simple p11943 tp11944 a(g266 V\u005cf p11945 tp11946 a(g212 V(CW p11947 tp11948 a(g266 V\u005c* p11949 tp11950 a(g212 V(C` p11951 tp11952 a(g266 V\u005ce p11953 tp11954 a(g212 VcJ p11955 tp11956 a(g266 V\u005c* p11957 tp11958 a(g212 V(C' p11959 tp11960 a(g266 V\u005cfR p11961 tp11962 a(g212 V, tp11963 a(g212 V\u000a tp11964 a(g212 Vbut what's stored in text files are the two characters p11965 tp11966 a(g266 V\u005cf p11967 tp11968 a(g212 V(CW p11969 tp11970 a(g266 V\u005c* p11971 tp11972 a(g212 V(C` p11973 tp11974 a(g266 V\u005ce p11975 tp11976 a(g212 VcM p11977 tp11978 a(g266 V\u005ce p11979 tp11980 a(g212 VcJ p11981 tp11982 a(g266 V\u005c* p11983 tp11984 a(g212 V(C' p11985 tp11986 a(g266 V\u005cfR p11987 tp11988 a(g212 V. That p11989 tp11990 a(g212 V\u000a tp11991 a(g212 Vmeans that, if you don't use p11992 tp11993 a(g266 V\u005cfI p11994 tp11995 a(g212 Vbinmode() p11996 tp11997 a(g266 V\u005cfR p11998 tp11999 a(g212 V on these systems, p12000 tp12001 a(g266 V\u005cf p12002 tp12003 a(g212 V(CW p12004 tp12005 a(g266 V\u005c* p12006 tp12007 a(g212 V(C` p12008 tp12009 a(g266 V\u005ce p12010 tp12011 a(g212 VcM p12012 tp12013 a(g266 V\u005ce p12014 tp12015 a(g212 VcJ p12016 tp12017 a(g266 V\u005c* p12018 tp12019 a(g212 V(C' p12020 tp12021 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12022 tp12023 a(g212 V\u000a tp12024 a(g212 Vsequences on disk will be converted to p12025 tp12026 a(g266 V\u005cf p12027 tp12028 a(g212 V(CW p12029 tp12030 a(g266 V\u005c* p12031 tp12032 a(g212 V(C` p12033 tp12034 a(g266 V\u005ce p12035 tp12036 a(g212 Vn tp12037 a(g266 V\u005c* p12038 tp12039 a(g212 V(C' p12040 tp12041 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12042 tp12043 a(g212 V on input, and any p12044 tp12045 a(g266 V\u005cf p12046 tp12047 a(g212 V(CW p12048 tp12049 a(g266 V\u005c* p12050 tp12051 a(g212 V(C` p12052 tp12053 a(g266 V\u005ce p12054 tp12055 a(g212 Vn tp12056 a(g266 V\u005c* p12057 tp12058 a(g212 V(C' p12059 tp12060 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12061 tp12062 a(g212 V in p12063 tp12064 a(g212 V\u000a tp12065 a(g212 Vyour program will be converted back to p12066 tp12067 a(g266 V\u005cf p12068 tp12069 a(g212 V(CW p12070 tp12071 a(g266 V\u005c* p12072 tp12073 a(g212 V(C` p12074 tp12075 a(g266 V\u005ce p12076 tp12077 a(g212 VcM p12078 tp12079 a(g266 V\u005ce p12080 tp12081 a(g212 VcJ p12082 tp12083 a(g266 V\u005c* p12084 tp12085 a(g212 V(C' p12086 tp12087 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12088 tp12089 a(g212 V on output. This is what p12090 tp12091 a(g212 V\u000a tp12092 a(g212 Vyou want for text files, but it can be disastrous for binary files. p12093 tp12094 a(g212 V\u000a tp12095 a(g212 V. tp12096 a(g134 VSp p12097 tp12098 a(g212 V\u000a tp12099 a(g212 VAnother consequence of using p12100 tp12101 a(g266 V\u005cfI p12102 tp12103 a(g212 Vbinmode() p12104 tp12105 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12106 tp12107 a(g212 V (on some systems) is that p12108 tp12109 a(g212 V\u000a tp12110 a(g212 Vspecial end-of-file markers will be seen as part of the data stream. p12111 tp12112 a(g212 V\u000a tp12113 a(g212 VFor systems from the Microsoft family this means that if your binary p12114 tp12115 a(g212 V\u000a tp12116 a(g212 Vdata contains p12117 tp12118 a(g266 V\u005cf p12119 tp12120 a(g212 V(CW p12121 tp12122 a(g266 V\u005c* p12123 tp12124 a(g212 V(C` p12125 tp12126 a(g266 V\u005ce p12127 tp12128 a(g212 VcZ p12129 tp12130 a(g266 V\u005c* p12131 tp12132 a(g212 V(C' p12133 tp12134 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12135 tp12136 a(g212 V, the I/O subsystem will regard it as the end of p12137 tp12138 a(g212 V\u000a tp12139 a(g212 Vthe file, unless you use p12140 tp12141 a(g266 V\u005cfI p12142 tp12143 a(g212 Vbinmode() p12144 tp12145 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12146 tp12147 a(g212 V. tp12148 a(g212 V\u000a tp12149 a(g212 V. tp12150 a(g134 VSp p12151 tp12152 a(g212 V\u000a tp12153 a(g212 V tp12154 a(g266 V\u005c& p12155 tp12156 a(g266 V\u005cfI p12157 tp12158 a(g212 Vbinmode() p12159 tp12160 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12161 tp12162 a(g212 V is not only important for p12163 tp12164 a(g266 V\u005cfI p12165 tp12166 a(g212 Vreadline() p12167 tp12168 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12169 tp12170 a(g212 V and p12171 tp12172 a(g266 V\u005cfI p12173 tp12174 a(g212 Vprint() p12175 tp12176 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12177 tp12178 a(g212 V operations, p12179 tp12180 a(g212 V\u000a tp12181 a(g212 Vbut also when using p12182 tp12183 a(g266 V\u005cfI p12184 tp12185 a(g212 Vread() p12186 tp12187 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12188 tp12189 a(g212 V, p12190 tp12191 a(g266 V\u005cfI p12192 tp12193 a(g212 Vseek() p12194 tp12195 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12196 tp12197 a(g212 V, p12198 tp12199 a(g266 V\u005cfI p12200 tp12201 a(g212 Vsysread() p12202 tp12203 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12204 tp12205 a(g212 V, p12206 tp12207 a(g266 V\u005cfI p12208 tp12209 a(g212 Vsyswrite() p12210 tp12211 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12212 tp12213 a(g212 V and p12214 tp12215 a(g266 V\u005cfI p12216 tp12217 a(g212 Vtell() p12218 tp12219 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12220 tp12221 a(g212 V\u000a tp12222 a(g212 V(see perlport for more details). See the p12223 tp12224 a(g266 V\u005cf p12225 tp12226 a(g212 V(CW$/ p12227 tp12228 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12229 tp12230 a(g212 V and p12231 tp12232 a(g266 V\u005cf p12233 tp12234 a(g212 V(CW p12235 tp12236 a(g266 V\u005c* p12237 tp12238 a(g212 V(C`$ p12239 tp12240 a(g266 V\u005ce p12241 tp12242 a(g266 V\u005c* p12243 tp12244 a(g212 V(C' p12245 tp12246 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12247 tp12248 a(g212 V variables p12249 tp12250 a(g212 V\u000a tp12251 a(g212 Vin perlvar for how to manually set your input and output p12252 tp12253 a(g212 V\u000a tp12254 a(g212 Vline-termination sequences. p12255 tp12256 a(g212 V\u000a tp12257 a(g212 V. tp12258 a(g134 VIP p12259 tp12260 a(g212 V tp12261 a(g259 V"bless \u005cs-1REF\u005cs0,CLASSNAME" p12262 tp12263 a(g212 V tp12264 a(g227 V8 tp12265 a(g212 V\u000a tp12266 a(g212 V. tp12267 a(g134 VIX p12268 tp12269 a(g212 V tp12270 a(g240 VXref p12271 tp12272 a(g212 V tp12273 a(g259 V"bless" p12274 tp12275 a(g212 V\u000a tp12276 a(g212 V. tp12277 a(g134 VIX p12278 tp12279 a(g212 V tp12280 a(g240 VItem p12281 tp12282 a(g212 V tp12283 a(g259 V"bless REF,CLASSNAME" p12284 tp12285 a(g212 V\u000a tp12286 a(g212 V. tp12287 a(g134 VPD p12288 tp12289 a(g212 V tp12290 a(g227 V0 tp12291 a(g212 V\u000a tp12292 a(g212 V. tp12293 a(g134 VIP p12294 tp12295 a(g212 V tp12296 a(g259 V"bless \u005cs-1REF\u005cs0" p12297 tp12298 a(g212 V tp12299 a(g227 V8 tp12300 a(g212 V\u000a tp12301 a(g212 V. tp12302 a(g134 VIX p12303 tp12304 a(g212 V tp12305 a(g240 VItem p12306 tp12307 a(g212 V tp12308 a(g259 V"bless REF" p12309 tp12310 a(g212 V\u000a tp12311 a(g212 V. tp12312 a(g134 VPD p12313 tp12314 a(g212 V\u000a tp12315 a(g212 VThis function tells the thingy referenced by p12316 tp12317 a(g266 V\u005cs p12318 tp12319 a(g212 V-1REF p12320 tp12321 a(g266 V\u005cs p12322 tp12323 a(g212 V0 that it is now an object p12324 tp12325 a(g212 V\u000a tp12326 a(g212 Vin the p12327 tp12328 a(g266 V\u005cs p12329 tp12330 a(g212 V-1CLASSNAME p12331 tp12332 a(g266 V\u005cs p12333 tp12334 a(g212 V0 package. If p12335 tp12336 a(g266 V\u005cs p12337 tp12338 a(g212 V-1CLASSNAME p12339 tp12340 a(g266 V\u005cs p12341 tp12342 a(g212 V0 is omitted, the current package p12343 tp12344 a(g212 V\u000a tp12345 a(g212 Vis used. Because a p12346 tp12347 a(g266 V\u005cf p12348 tp12349 a(g212 V(CW p12350 tp12351 a(g266 V\u005c* p12352 tp12353 a(g212 V(C`bless p12354 tp12355 a(g266 V\u005c* p12356 tp12357 a(g212 V(C' p12358 tp12359 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12360 tp12361 a(g212 V is often the last thing in a constructor, p12362 tp12363 a(g212 V\u000a tp12364 a(g212 Vit returns the reference for convenience. Always use the two-argument p12365 tp12366 a(g212 V\u000a tp12367 a(g212 Vversion if a derived class might inherit the function doing the blessing. p12368 tp12369 a(g212 V\u000a tp12370 a(g212 VSee perltoot and perlobj for more about the blessing (and blessings) p12371 tp12372 a(g212 V\u000a tp12373 a(g212 Vof objects. p12374 tp12375 a(g212 V\u000a tp12376 a(g212 V. tp12377 a(g134 VSp p12378 tp12379 a(g212 V\u000a tp12380 a(g212 VConsider always blessing objects in CLASSNAMEs that are mixed case. p12381 tp12382 a(g212 V\u000a tp12383 a(g212 VNamespaces with all lowercase names are considered reserved for p12384 tp12385 a(g212 V\u000a tp12386 a(g212 VPerl pragmata. Builtin types have all uppercase names. To prevent p12387 tp12388 a(g212 V\u000a tp12389 a(g212 Vconfusion, you may wish to avoid such package names as well. Make sure p12390 tp12391 a(g212 V\u000a tp12392 a(g212 Vthat p12393 tp12394 a(g266 V\u005cs p12395 tp12396 a(g212 V-1CLASSNAME p12397 tp12398 a(g266 V\u005cs p12399 tp12400 a(g212 V0 is a true value. p12401 tp12402 a(g212 V\u000a tp12403 a(g212 V. tp12404 a(g134 VSp p12405 tp12406 a(g212 V\u000a tp12407 a(g212 VSee p12408 tp12409 a(g266 V\u005c* p12410 tp12411 a(g212 V(L"Perl Modules p12412 tp12413 a(g266 V\u005c* p12414 tp12415 a(g212 V(R" in perlmod. p12416 tp12417 a(g212 V\u000a tp12418 a(g212 V. tp12419 a(g134 VIP p12420 tp12421 a(g212 V tp12422 a(g259 V"caller \u005cs-1EXPR\u005cs0" p12423 tp12424 a(g212 V tp12425 a(g227 V8 tp12426 a(g212 V\u000a tp12427 a(g212 V. tp12428 a(g134 VIX p12429 tp12430 a(g212 V tp12431 a(g240 VXref p12432 tp12433 a(g212 V tp12434 a(g259 V"caller call stack stack stack trace" p12435 tp12436 a(g212 V\u000a tp12437 a(g212 V. tp12438 a(g134 VIX p12439 tp12440 a(g212 V tp12441 a(g240 VItem p12442 tp12443 a(g212 V tp12444 a(g259 V"caller EXPR" p12445 tp12446 a(g212 V\u000a tp12447 a(g212 V. tp12448 a(g134 VPD p12449 tp12450 a(g212 V tp12451 a(g227 V0 tp12452 a(g212 V\u000a tp12453 a(g212 V. tp12454 a(g134 VIP p12455 tp12456 a(g212 V tp12457 a(g259 V"caller" p12458 tp12459 a(g212 V tp12460 a(g227 V8 tp12461 a(g212 V\u000a tp12462 a(g212 V. tp12463 a(g134 VIX p12464 tp12465 a(g212 V tp12466 a(g240 VItem p12467 tp12468 a(g212 V tp12469 a(g259 V"caller" p12470 tp12471 a(g212 V\u000a tp12472 a(g212 V. tp12473 a(g134 VPD p12474 tp12475 a(g212 V\u000a tp12476 a(g212 VReturns the context of the current subroutine call. In scalar context, p12477 tp12478 a(g212 V\u000a tp12479 a(g212 Vreturns the caller's package name if there is a caller, that is, if p12480 tp12481 a(g212 V\u000a tp12482 a(g212 Vwe're in a subroutine or p12483 tp12484 a(g266 V\u005cf p12485 tp12486 a(g212 V(CW p12487 tp12488 a(g266 V\u005c* p12489 tp12490 a(g212 V(C`eval p12491 tp12492 a(g266 V\u005c* p12493 tp12494 a(g212 V(C' p12495 tp12496 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12497 tp12498 a(g212 V or p12499 tp12500 a(g266 V\u005cf p12501 tp12502 a(g212 V(CW p12503 tp12504 a(g266 V\u005c* p12505 tp12506 a(g212 V(C`require p12507 tp12508 a(g266 V\u005c* p12509 tp12510 a(g212 V(C' p12511 tp12512 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12513 tp12514 a(g212 V, and the undefined value p12515 tp12516 a(g212 V\u000a tp12517 a(g212 Votherwise. In list context, returns p12518 tp12519 a(g212 V\u000a tp12520 a(g212 V. tp12521 a(g134 VSp p12522 tp12523 a(g212 V\u000a tp12524 a(g212 V. tp12525 a(g134 VVb p12526 tp12527 a(g212 V tp12528 a(g227 V1 tp12529 a(g212 V\u000a tp12530 a(g212 V tp12531 a(g266 V\u005c& p12532 tp12533 a(g212 V ($package, $filename, $line) = caller; p12534 tp12535 a(g212 V\u000a tp12536 a(g212 V. tp12537 a(g134 VVe p12538 tp12539 a(g212 V\u000a tp12540 a(g212 V. tp12541 a(g134 VSp p12542 tp12543 a(g212 V\u000a tp12544 a(g212 VWith p12545 tp12546 a(g266 V\u005cs p12547 tp12548 a(g212 V-1EXPR p12549 tp12550 a(g266 V\u005cs p12551 tp12552 a(g212 V0, it returns some extra information that the debugger uses to p12553 tp12554 a(g212 V\u000a tp12555 a(g212 Vprint a stack trace. The value of p12556 tp12557 a(g266 V\u005cs p12558 tp12559 a(g212 V-1EXPR p12560 tp12561 a(g266 V\u005cs p12562 tp12563 a(g212 V0 indicates how many call frames p12564 tp12565 a(g212 V\u000a tp12566 a(g212 Vto go back before the current one. p12567 tp12568 a(g212 V\u000a tp12569 a(g212 V. tp12570 a(g134 VSp p12571 tp12572 a(g212 V\u000a tp12573 a(g212 V. tp12574 a(g134 VVb p12575 tp12576 a(g212 V tp12577 a(g227 V2 tp12578 a(g212 V\u000a tp12579 a(g212 V tp12580 a(g266 V\u005c& p12581 tp12582 a(g212 V ($package, $filename, $line, $subroutine, $hasargs, p12583 tp12584 a(g212 V\u000a tp12585 a(g212 V tp12586 a(g266 V\u005c& p12587 tp12588 a(g212 V $wantarray, $evaltext, $is_require, $hints, $bitmask) = caller($i); p12589 tp12590 a(g212 V\u000a tp12591 a(g212 V. tp12592 a(g134 VVe p12593 tp12594 a(g212 V\u000a tp12595 a(g212 V. tp12596 a(g134 VSp p12597 tp12598 a(g212 V\u000a tp12599 a(g212 VHere p12600 tp12601 a(g266 V\u005cf p12602 tp12603 a(g212 V(CW$subroutine p12604 tp12605 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12606 tp12607 a(g212 V may be p12608 tp12609 a(g266 V\u005cf p12610 tp12611 a(g212 V(CW p12612 tp12613 a(g266 V\u005c* p12614 tp12615 a(g212 V(C`(eval) p12616 tp12617 a(g266 V\u005c* p12618 tp12619 a(g212 V(C' p12620 tp12621 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12622 tp12623 a(g212 V if the frame is not a subroutine p12624 tp12625 a(g212 V\u000a tp12626 a(g212 Vcall, but an p12627 tp12628 a(g266 V\u005cf p12629 tp12630 a(g212 V(CW p12631 tp12632 a(g266 V\u005c* p12633 tp12634 a(g212 V(C`eval p12635 tp12636 a(g266 V\u005c* p12637 tp12638 a(g212 V(C' p12639 tp12640 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12641 tp12642 a(g212 V. In such a case additional elements p12643 tp12644 a(g266 V\u005cf p12645 tp12646 a(g212 V(CW$evaltext p12647 tp12648 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12649 tp12650 a(g212 V and p12651 tp12652 a(g212 V\u000a tp12653 a(g212 V tp12654 a(g266 V\u005c& p12655 tp12656 a(g266 V\u005cf p12657 tp12658 a(g212 V(CW$is_require p12659 tp12660 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12661 tp12662 a(g212 V are set: p12663 tp12664 a(g266 V\u005cf p12665 tp12666 a(g212 V(CW$is_require p12667 tp12668 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12669 tp12670 a(g212 V is true if the frame is created by a p12671 tp12672 a(g212 V\u000a tp12673 a(g212 V tp12674 a(g266 V\u005c& p12675 tp12676 a(g266 V\u005cf p12677 tp12678 a(g212 V(CW p12679 tp12680 a(g266 V\u005c* p12681 tp12682 a(g212 V(C`require p12683 tp12684 a(g266 V\u005c* p12685 tp12686 a(g212 V(C' p12687 tp12688 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12689 tp12690 a(g212 V or p12691 tp12692 a(g266 V\u005cf p12693 tp12694 a(g212 V(CW p12695 tp12696 a(g266 V\u005c* p12697 tp12698 a(g212 V(C`use p12699 tp12700 a(g266 V\u005c* p12701 tp12702 a(g212 V(C' p12703 tp12704 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12705 tp12706 a(g212 V statement, p12707 tp12708 a(g266 V\u005cf p12709 tp12710 a(g212 V(CW$evaltext p12711 tp12712 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12713 tp12714 a(g212 V contains the text of the p12715 tp12716 a(g212 V\u000a tp12717 a(g212 V tp12718 a(g266 V\u005c& p12719 tp12720 a(g266 V\u005cf p12721 tp12722 a(g212 V(CW p12723 tp12724 a(g266 V\u005c* p12725 tp12726 a(g212 V(C`eval EXPR p12727 tp12728 a(g266 V\u005c* p12729 tp12730 a(g212 V(C' p12731 tp12732 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12733 tp12734 a(g212 V statement. In particular, for an p12735 tp12736 a(g266 V\u005cf p12737 tp12738 a(g212 V(CW p12739 tp12740 a(g266 V\u005c* p12741 tp12742 a(g212 V(C`eval BLOCK p12743 tp12744 a(g266 V\u005c* p12745 tp12746 a(g212 V(C' p12747 tp12748 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12749 tp12750 a(g212 V statement, p12751 tp12752 a(g212 V\u000a tp12753 a(g212 V tp12754 a(g266 V\u005c& p12755 tp12756 a(g266 V\u005cf p12757 tp12758 a(g212 V(CW$filename p12759 tp12760 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12761 tp12762 a(g212 V is p12763 tp12764 a(g266 V\u005cf p12765 tp12766 a(g212 V(CW p12767 tp12768 a(g266 V\u005c* p12769 tp12770 a(g212 V(C`(eval) p12771 tp12772 a(g266 V\u005c* p12773 tp12774 a(g212 V(C' p12775 tp12776 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12777 tp12778 a(g212 V, but p12779 tp12780 a(g266 V\u005cf p12781 tp12782 a(g212 V(CW$evaltext p12783 tp12784 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12785 tp12786 a(g212 V is undefined. (Note also that p12787 tp12788 a(g212 V\u000a tp12789 a(g212 Veach p12790 tp12791 a(g266 V\u005cf p12792 tp12793 a(g212 V(CW p12794 tp12795 a(g266 V\u005c* p12796 tp12797 a(g212 V(C`use p12798 tp12799 a(g266 V\u005c* p12800 tp12801 a(g212 V(C' p12802 tp12803 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12804 tp12805 a(g212 V statement creates a p12806 tp12807 a(g266 V\u005cf p12808 tp12809 a(g212 V(CW p12810 tp12811 a(g266 V\u005c* p12812 tp12813 a(g212 V(C`require p12814 tp12815 a(g266 V\u005c* p12816 tp12817 a(g212 V(C' p12818 tp12819 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12820 tp12821 a(g212 V frame inside an p12822 tp12823 a(g266 V\u005cf p12824 tp12825 a(g212 V(CW p12826 tp12827 a(g266 V\u005c* p12828 tp12829 a(g212 V(C`eval EXPR p12830 tp12831 a(g266 V\u005c* p12832 tp12833 a(g212 V(C' p12834 tp12835 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12836 tp12837 a(g212 V\u000a tp12838 a(g212 Vframe.) p12839 tp12840 a(g266 V\u005cf p12841 tp12842 a(g212 V(CW$subroutine p12843 tp12844 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12845 tp12846 a(g212 V may also be p12847 tp12848 a(g266 V\u005cf p12849 tp12850 a(g212 V(CW p12851 tp12852 a(g266 V\u005c* p12853 tp12854 a(g212 V(C`(unknown) p12855 tp12856 a(g266 V\u005c* p12857 tp12858 a(g212 V(C' p12859 tp12860 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12861 tp12862 a(g212 V if this particular p12863 tp12864 a(g212 V\u000a tp12865 a(g212 Vsubroutine happens to have been deleted from the symbol table. p12866 tp12867 a(g212 V\u000a tp12868 a(g212 V tp12869 a(g266 V\u005c& p12870 tp12871 a(g266 V\u005cf p12872 tp12873 a(g212 V(CW$hasargs p12874 tp12875 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12876 tp12877 a(g212 V is true if a new instance of p12878 tp12879 a(g266 V\u005cf p12880 tp12881 a(g212 V(CW@_ p12882 tp12883 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12884 tp12885 a(g212 V was set up for the frame. p12886 tp12887 a(g212 V\u000a tp12888 a(g212 V tp12889 a(g266 V\u005c& p12890 tp12891 a(g266 V\u005cf p12892 tp12893 a(g212 V(CW$hints p12894 tp12895 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12896 tp12897 a(g212 V and p12898 tp12899 a(g266 V\u005cf p12900 tp12901 a(g212 V(CW$bitmask p12902 tp12903 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12904 tp12905 a(g212 V contain pragmatic hints that the caller was p12906 tp12907 a(g212 V\u000a tp12908 a(g212 Vcompiled with. The p12909 tp12910 a(g266 V\u005cf p12911 tp12912 a(g212 V(CW$hints p12913 tp12914 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12915 tp12916 a(g212 V and p12917 tp12918 a(g266 V\u005cf p12919 tp12920 a(g212 V(CW$bitmask p12921 tp12922 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12923 tp12924 a(g212 V values are subject to change p12925 tp12926 a(g212 V\u000a tp12927 a(g212 Vbetween versions of Perl, and are not meant for external use. p12928 tp12929 a(g212 V\u000a tp12930 a(g212 V. tp12931 a(g134 VSp p12932 tp12933 a(g212 V\u000a tp12934 a(g212 VFurthermore, when called from within the p12935 tp12936 a(g266 V\u005cs p12937 tp12938 a(g212 V-1DB p12939 tp12940 a(g266 V\u005cs p12941 tp12942 a(g212 V0 package, caller returns more p12943 tp12944 a(g212 V\u000a tp12945 a(g212 Vdetailed information: it sets the list variable p12946 tp12947 a(g266 V\u005cf p12948 tp12949 a(g212 V(CW@DB::args p12950 tp12951 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12952 tp12953 a(g212 V to be the p12954 tp12955 a(g212 V\u000a tp12956 a(g212 Varguments with which the subroutine was invoked. p12957 tp12958 a(g212 V\u000a tp12959 a(g212 V. tp12960 a(g134 VSp p12961 tp12962 a(g212 V\u000a tp12963 a(g212 VBe aware that the optimizer might have optimized call frames away before p12964 tp12965 a(g212 V\u000a tp12966 a(g212 V tp12967 a(g266 V\u005c& p12968 tp12969 a(g266 V\u005cf p12970 tp12971 a(g212 V(CW p12972 tp12973 a(g266 V\u005c* p12974 tp12975 a(g212 V(C`caller p12976 tp12977 a(g266 V\u005c* p12978 tp12979 a(g212 V(C' p12980 tp12981 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12982 tp12983 a(g212 V had a chance to get the information. That means that p12984 tp12985 a(g266 V\u005cf p12986 tp12987 a(g212 V(CWcaller(N) p12988 tp12989 a(g266 V\u005cfR p12990 tp12991 a(g212 V\u000a tp12992 a(g212 Vmight not return information about the call frame you expect it do, for p12993 tp12994 a(g212 V\u000a tp12995 a(g212 V tp12996 a(g266 V\u005c& p12997 tp12998 a(g266 V\u005cf p12999 tp13000 a(g212 V(CW p13001 tp13002 a(g266 V\u005c* p13003 tp13004 a(g212 V(C`N > 1 p13005 tp13006 a(g266 V\u005c* p13007 tp13008 a(g212 V(C' p13009 tp13010 a(g266 V\u005cfR p13011 tp13012 a(g212 V. In particular, p13013 tp13014 a(g266 V\u005cf p13015 tp13016 a(g212 V(CW@DB::args p13017 tp13018 a(g266 V\u005cfR p13019 tp13020 a(g212 V might have information from the p13021 tp13022 a(g212 V\u000a tp13023 a(g212 Vprevious time p13024 tp13025 a(g266 V\u005cf p13026 tp13027 a(g212 V(CW p13028 tp13029 a(g266 V\u005c* p13030 tp13031 a(g212 V(C`caller p13032 tp13033 a(g266 V\u005c* p13034 tp13035 a(g212 V(C' p13036 tp13037 a(g266 V\u005cfR p13038 tp13039 a(g212 V was called. p13040 tp13041 a(g212 V\u000a tp13042 a(g212 V. tp13043 a(g134 VIP p13044 tp13045 a(g212 V tp13046 a(g259 V"chdir \u005cs-1EXPR\u005cs0" p13047 tp13048 a(g212 V tp13049 a(g227 V8 tp13050 a(g212 V\u000a tp13051 a(g212 V. tp13052 a(g134 VIX p13053 tp13054 a(g212 V tp13055 a(g240 VXref p13056 tp13057 a(g212 V tp13058 a(g259 V"chdir cd" p13059 tp13060 a(g212 V\u000a tp13061 a(g212 V. tp13062 a(g134 VIX p13063 tp13064 a(g212 V tp13065 a(g240 VItem p13066 tp13067 a(g212 V tp13068 a(g259 V"chdir EXPR" p13069 tp13070 a(g212 V\u000a tp13071 a(g212 V. tp13072 a(g134 VPD p13073 tp13074 a(g212 V tp13075 a(g227 V0 tp13076 a(g212 V\u000a tp13077 a(g212 V. tp13078 a(g134 VIP p13079 tp13080 a(g212 V tp13081 a(g259 V"chdir \u005cs-1FILEHANDLE\u005cs0" p13082 tp13083 a(g212 V tp13084 a(g227 V8 tp13085 a(g212 V\u000a tp13086 a(g212 V. tp13087 a(g134 VIX p13088 tp13089 a(g212 V tp13090 a(g240 VItem p13091 tp13092 a(g212 V tp13093 a(g259 V"chdir FILEHANDLE" p13094 tp13095 a(g212 V\u000a tp13096 a(g212 V. tp13097 a(g134 VIP p13098 tp13099 a(g212 V tp13100 a(g259 V"chdir \u005cs-1DIRHANDLE\u005cs0" p13101 tp13102 a(g212 V tp13103 a(g227 V8 tp13104 a(g212 V\u000a tp13105 a(g212 V. tp13106 a(g134 VIX p13107 tp13108 a(g212 V tp13109 a(g240 VItem p13110 tp13111 a(g212 V tp13112 a(g259 V"chdir DIRHANDLE" p13113 tp13114 a(g212 V\u000a tp13115 a(g212 V. tp13116 a(g134 VIP p13117 tp13118 a(g212 V tp13119 a(g259 V"chdir" p13120 tp13121 a(g212 V tp13122 a(g227 V8 tp13123 a(g212 V\u000a tp13124 a(g212 V. tp13125 a(g134 VIX p13126 tp13127 a(g212 V tp13128 a(g240 VItem p13129 tp13130 a(g212 V tp13131 a(g259 V"chdir" p13132 tp13133 a(g212 V\u000a tp13134 a(g212 V. tp13135 a(g134 VPD p13136 tp13137 a(g212 V\u000a tp13138 a(g212 VChanges the working directory to p13139 tp13140 a(g266 V\u005cs p13141 tp13142 a(g212 V-1EXPR p13143 tp13144 a(g266 V\u005cs p13145 tp13146 a(g212 V0, if possible. If p13147 tp13148 a(g266 V\u005cs p13149 tp13150 a(g212 V-1EXPR p13151 tp13152 a(g266 V\u005cs p13153 tp13154 a(g212 V0 is omitted, p13155 tp13156 a(g212 V\u000a tp13157 a(g212 Vchanges to the directory specified by p13158 tp13159 a(g266 V\u005cf p13160 tp13161 a(g212 V(CW$ENV{HOME} p13162 tp13163 a(g266 V\u005cfR p13164 tp13165 a(g212 V, if set; if not, p13166 tp13167 a(g212 V\u000a tp13168 a(g212 Vchanges to the directory specified by p13169 tp13170 a(g266 V\u005cf p13171 tp13172 a(g212 V(CW$ENV{LOGDIR} p13173 tp13174 a(g266 V\u005cfR p13175 tp13176 a(g212 V. (Under p13177 tp13178 a(g266 V\u005cs p13179 tp13180 a(g212 V-1VMS p13181 tp13182 a(g266 V\u005cs p13183 tp13184 a(g212 V0, the p13185 tp13186 a(g212 V\u000a tp13187 a(g212 Vvariable p13188 tp13189 a(g266 V\u005cf p13190 tp13191 a(g212 V(CW$ENV{SYS$LOGIN} p13192 tp13193 a(g266 V\u005cfR p13194 tp13195 a(g212 V is also checked, and used if it is set.) If p13196 tp13197 a(g212 V\u000a tp13198 a(g212 Vneither is set, p13199 tp13200 a(g266 V\u005cf p13201 tp13202 a(g212 V(CW p13203 tp13204 a(g266 V\u005c* p13205 tp13206 a(g212 V(C`chdir p13207 tp13208 a(g266 V\u005c* p13209 tp13210 a(g212 V(C' p13211 tp13212 a(g266 V\u005cfR p13213 tp13214 a(g212 V does nothing. It returns true upon success, p13215 tp13216 a(g212 V\u000a tp13217 a(g212 Vfalse otherwise. See the example under p13218 tp13219 a(g266 V\u005cf p13220 tp13221 a(g212 V(CW p13222 tp13223 a(g266 V\u005c* p13224 tp13225 a(g212 V(C`die p13226 tp13227 a(g266 V\u005c* p13228 tp13229 a(g212 V(C' p13230 tp13231 a(g266 V\u005cfR p13232 tp13233 a(g212 V. tp13234 a(g212 V\u000a tp13235 a(g212 V. tp13236 a(g134 VSp p13237 tp13238 a(g212 V\u000a tp13239 a(g212 VOn systems that support fchdir, you might pass a file handle or p13240 tp13241 a(g212 V\u000a tp13242 a(g212 Vdirectory handle as argument. On systems that don't support fchdir, p13243 tp13244 a(g212 V\u000a tp13245 a(g212 Vpassing handles produces a fatal error at run time. p13246 tp13247 a(g212 V\u000a tp13248 a(g212 V. tp13249 a(g134 VIP p13250 tp13251 a(g212 V tp13252 a(g259 V"chmod \u005cs-1LIST\u005cs0" p13253 tp13254 a(g212 V tp13255 a(g227 V8 tp13256 a(g212 V\u000a tp13257 a(g212 V. tp13258 a(g134 VIX p13259 tp13260 a(g212 V tp13261 a(g240 VXref p13262 tp13263 a(g212 V tp13264 a(g259 V"chmod permission mode" p13265 tp13266 a(g212 V\u000a tp13267 a(g212 V. tp13268 a(g134 VIX p13269 tp13270 a(g212 V tp13271 a(g240 VItem p13272 tp13273 a(g212 V tp13274 a(g259 V"chmod LIST" p13275 tp13276 a(g212 V\u000a tp13277 a(g212 VChanges the permissions of a list of files. The first element of the p13278 tp13279 a(g212 V\u000a tp13280 a(g212 Vlist must be the numerical mode, which should probably be an octal p13281 tp13282 a(g212 V\u000a tp13283 a(g212 Vnumber, and which definitely should p13284 tp13285 a(g266 V\u005cfI p13286 tp13287 a(g212 Vnot p13288 tp13289 a(g266 V\u005cfR p13290 tp13291 a(g212 V be a string of octal digits: p13292 tp13293 a(g212 V\u000a tp13294 a(g212 V tp13295 a(g266 V\u005c& p13296 tp13297 a(g266 V\u005cf p13298 tp13299 a(g212 V(CW0644 p13300 tp13301 a(g266 V\u005cfR p13302 tp13303 a(g212 V is okay, p13304 tp13305 a(g266 V\u005cf p13306 tp13307 a(g212 V(CW'0644' p13308 tp13309 a(g266 V\u005cfR p13310 tp13311 a(g212 V is not. Returns the number of files p13312 tp13313 a(g212 V\u000a tp13314 a(g212 Vsuccessfully changed. See also p13315 tp13316 a(g266 V\u005c* p13317 tp13318 a(g212 V(L"oct p13319 tp13320 a(g266 V\u005c* p13321 tp13322 a(g212 V(R", if all you have is a string. p13323 tp13324 a(g212 V\u000a tp13325 a(g212 V. tp13326 a(g134 VSp p13327 tp13328 a(g212 V\u000a tp13329 a(g212 V. tp13330 a(g134 VVb p13331 tp13332 a(g212 V tp13333 a(g227 V6 tp13334 a(g212 V\u000a tp13335 a(g212 V tp13336 a(g266 V\u005c& p13337 tp13338 a(g212 V $cnt = chmod 0755, 'foo', 'bar'; p13339 tp13340 a(g212 V\u000a tp13341 a(g212 V tp13342 a(g266 V\u005c& p13343 tp13344 a(g212 V chmod 0755, @executables; p13345 tp13346 a(g212 V\u000a tp13347 a(g212 V tp13348 a(g266 V\u005c& p13349 tp13350 a(g212 V $mode = '0644'; chmod $mode, 'foo'; # !!! sets mode to p13351 tp13352 a(g212 V\u000a tp13353 a(g212 V tp13354 a(g266 V\u005c& p13355 tp13356 a(g212 V # --w----r-T p13357 tp13358 a(g212 V\u000a tp13359 a(g212 V tp13360 a(g266 V\u005c& p13361 tp13362 a(g212 V $mode = '0644'; chmod oct($mode), 'foo'; # this is better p13363 tp13364 a(g212 V\u000a tp13365 a(g212 V tp13366 a(g266 V\u005c& p13367 tp13368 a(g212 V $mode = 0644; chmod $mode, 'foo'; # this is best p13369 tp13370 a(g212 V\u000a tp13371 a(g212 V. tp13372 a(g134 VVe p13373 tp13374 a(g212 V\u000a tp13375 a(g212 V. tp13376 a(g134 VSp p13377 tp13378 a(g212 V\u000a tp13379 a(g212 VOn systems that support fchmod, you might pass file handles among the p13380 tp13381 a(g212 V\u000a tp13382 a(g212 Vfiles. On systems that don't support fchmod, passing file handles p13383 tp13384 a(g212 V\u000a tp13385 a(g212 Vproduces a fatal error at run time. p13386 tp13387 a(g212 V\u000a tp13388 a(g212 V. tp13389 a(g134 VSp p13390 tp13391 a(g212 V\u000a tp13392 a(g212 V. tp13393 a(g134 VVb p13394 tp13395 a(g212 V tp13396 a(g227 V3 tp13397 a(g212 V\u000a tp13398 a(g212 V tp13399 a(g266 V\u005c& p13400 tp13401 a(g212 V open(my $fh, "<", "foo"); p13402 tp13403 a(g212 V\u000a tp13404 a(g212 V tp13405 a(g266 V\u005c& p13406 tp13407 a(g212 V my $perm = (stat $fh)[2] & 07777; p13408 tp13409 a(g212 V\u000a tp13410 a(g212 V tp13411 a(g266 V\u005c& p13412 tp13413 a(g212 V chmod($perm | 0600, $fh); p13414 tp13415 a(g212 V\u000a tp13416 a(g212 V. tp13417 a(g134 VVe p13418 tp13419 a(g212 V\u000a tp13420 a(g212 V. tp13421 a(g134 VSp p13422 tp13423 a(g212 V\u000a tp13424 a(g212 VYou can also import the symbolic p13425 tp13426 a(g266 V\u005cf p13427 tp13428 a(g212 V(CW p13429 tp13430 a(g266 V\u005c* p13431 tp13432 a(g212 V(C`S_I* p13433 tp13434 a(g266 V\u005c* p13435 tp13436 a(g212 V(C' p13437 tp13438 a(g266 V\u005cfR p13439 tp13440 a(g212 V constants from the Fcntl p13441 tp13442 a(g212 V\u000a tp13443 a(g212 Vmodule: p13444 tp13445 a(g212 V\u000a tp13446 a(g212 V. tp13447 a(g134 VSp p13448 tp13449 a(g212 V\u000a tp13450 a(g212 V. tp13451 a(g134 VVb p13452 tp13453 a(g212 V tp13454 a(g227 V1 tp13455 a(g212 V\u000a tp13456 a(g212 V tp13457 a(g266 V\u005c& p13458 tp13459 a(g212 V use Fcntl ':mode'; p13460 tp13461 a(g212 V\u000a tp13462 a(g212 V. tp13463 a(g134 VVe p13464 tp13465 a(g212 V\u000a tp13466 a(g212 V. tp13467 a(g134 VSp p13468 tp13469 a(g212 V\u000a tp13470 a(g212 V. tp13471 a(g134 VVb p13472 tp13473 a(g212 V tp13474 a(g227 V2 tp13475 a(g212 V\u000a tp13476 a(g212 V tp13477 a(g266 V\u005c& p13478 tp13479 a(g212 V chmod S_IRWXU|S_IRGRP|S_IXGRP|S_IROTH|S_IXOTH, @executables; p13480 tp13481 a(g212 V\u000a tp13482 a(g212 V tp13483 a(g266 V\u005c& p13484 tp13485 a(g212 V # This is identical to the chmod 0755 of the above example. p13486 tp13487 a(g212 V\u000a tp13488 a(g212 V. tp13489 a(g134 VVe p13490 tp13491 a(g212 V\u000a tp13492 a(g212 V. tp13493 a(g134 VIP p13494 tp13495 a(g212 V tp13496 a(g259 V"chomp \u005cs-1VARIABLE\u005cs0" p13497 tp13498 a(g212 V tp13499 a(g227 V8 tp13500 a(g212 V\u000a tp13501 a(g212 V. tp13502 a(g134 VIX p13503 tp13504 a(g212 V tp13505 a(g240 VXref p13506 tp13507 a(g212 V tp13508 a(g259 V"chomp INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR $ newline eol" p13509 tp13510 a(g212 V\u000a tp13511 a(g212 V. tp13512 a(g134 VIX p13513 tp13514 a(g212 V tp13515 a(g240 VItem p13516 tp13517 a(g212 V tp13518 a(g259 V"chomp VARIABLE" p13519 tp13520 a(g212 V\u000a tp13521 a(g212 V. tp13522 a(g134 VPD p13523 tp13524 a(g212 V tp13525 a(g227 V0 tp13526 a(g212 V\u000a tp13527 a(g212 V. tp13528 a(g134 VIP p13529 tp13530 a(g212 V tp13531 a(g259 V"chomp( \u005cs-1LIST\u005cs0 )" p13532 tp13533 a(g212 V tp13534 a(g227 V8 tp13535 a(g212 V\u000a tp13536 a(g212 V. tp13537 a(g134 VIX p13538 tp13539 a(g212 V tp13540 a(g240 VItem p13541 tp13542 a(g212 V tp13543 a(g259 V"chomp( LIST )" p13544 tp13545 a(g212 V\u000a tp13546 a(g212 V. tp13547 a(g134 VIP p13548 tp13549 a(g212 V tp13550 a(g259 V"chomp" p13551 tp13552 a(g212 V tp13553 a(g227 V8 tp13554 a(g212 V\u000a tp13555 a(g212 V. tp13556 a(g134 VIX p13557 tp13558 a(g212 V tp13559 a(g240 VItem p13560 tp13561 a(g212 V tp13562 a(g259 V"chomp" p13563 tp13564 a(g212 V\u000a tp13565 a(g212 V. tp13566 a(g134 VPD p13567 tp13568 a(g212 V\u000a tp13569 a(g212 VThis safer version of p13570 tp13571 a(g266 V\u005c* p13572 tp13573 a(g212 V(L"chop p13574 tp13575 a(g266 V\u005c* p13576 tp13577 a(g212 V(R" removes any trailing string p13578 tp13579 a(g212 V\u000a tp13580 a(g212 Vthat corresponds to the current value of p13581 tp13582 a(g266 V\u005cf p13583 tp13584 a(g212 V(CW$/ p13585 tp13586 a(g266 V\u005cfR p13587 tp13588 a(g212 V (also known as p13589 tp13590 a(g212 V\u000a tp13591 a(g212 V tp13592 a(g266 V\u005c& p13593 tp13594 a(g266 V\u005cf p13595 tp13596 a(g212 V(CW$INPUT_RECORD_SEPARATOR p13597 tp13598 a(g266 V\u005cfR p13599 tp13600 a(g212 V in the p13601 tp13602 a(g266 V\u005cf p13603 tp13604 a(g212 V(CW p13605 tp13606 a(g266 V\u005c* p13607 tp13608 a(g212 V(C`English p13609 tp13610 a(g266 V\u005c* p13611 tp13612 a(g212 V(C' p13613 tp13614 a(g266 V\u005cfR p13615 tp13616 a(g212 V module). It returns the total p13617 tp13618 a(g212 V\u000a tp13619 a(g212 Vnumber of characters removed from all its arguments. It's often used to p13620 tp13621 a(g212 V\u000a tp13622 a(g212 Vremove the newline from the end of an input record when you're worried p13623 tp13624 a(g212 V\u000a tp13625 a(g212 Vthat the final record may be missing its newline. When in paragraph p13626 tp13627 a(g212 V\u000a tp13628 a(g212 Vmode ( p13629 tp13630 a(g266 V\u005cf p13631 tp13632 a(g212 V(CW p13633 tp13634 a(g266 V\u005c* p13635 tp13636 a(g212 V(C`$/ = "" p13637 tp13638 a(g266 V\u005c* p13639 tp13640 a(g212 V(C' p13641 tp13642 a(g266 V\u005cfR p13643 tp13644 a(g212 V), it removes all trailing newlines from the string. p13645 tp13646 a(g212 V\u000a tp13647 a(g212 VWhen in slurp mode ( p13648 tp13649 a(g266 V\u005cf p13650 tp13651 a(g212 V(CW p13652 tp13653 a(g266 V\u005c* p13654 tp13655 a(g212 V(C`$/ = undef p13656 tp13657 a(g266 V\u005c* p13658 tp13659 a(g212 V(C' p13660 tp13661 a(g266 V\u005cfR p13662 tp13663 a(g212 V) or fixed-length record mode ( p13664 tp13665 a(g266 V\u005cf p13666 tp13667 a(g212 V(CW$/ p13668 tp13669 a(g266 V\u005cfR p13670 tp13671 a(g212 V is p13672 tp13673 a(g212 V\u000a tp13674 a(g212 Va reference to an integer or the like, see perlvar) p13675 tp13676 a(g266 V\u005cfI p13677 tp13678 a(g212 Vchomp() p13679 tp13680 a(g266 V\u005cfR p13681 tp13682 a(g212 V won't p13683 tp13684 a(g212 V\u000a tp13685 a(g212 Vremove anything. p13686 tp13687 a(g212 V\u000a tp13688 a(g212 VIf p13689 tp13690 a(g266 V\u005cs p13691 tp13692 a(g212 V-1VARIABLE p13693 tp13694 a(g266 V\u005cs p13695 tp13696 a(g212 V0 is omitted, it chomps p13697 tp13698 a(g266 V\u005cf p13699 tp13700 a(g212 V(CW$_ p13701 tp13702 a(g266 V\u005cfR p13703 tp13704 a(g212 V. Example: p13705 tp13706 a(g212 V\u000a tp13707 a(g212 V. tp13708 a(g134 VSp p13709 tp13710 a(g212 V\u000a tp13711 a(g212 V. tp13712 a(g134 VVb p13713 tp13714 a(g212 V tp13715 a(g227 V5 tp13716 a(g212 V\u000a tp13717 a(g212 V tp13718 a(g266 V\u005c& p13719 tp13720 a(g212 V while (<>) { p13721 tp13722 a(g212 V\u000a tp13723 a(g212 V tp13724 a(g266 V\u005c& p13725 tp13726 a(g212 V chomp; # avoid p13727 tp13728 a(g266 V\u005ce p13729 tp13730 a(g212 Vn on last field p13731 tp13732 a(g212 V\u000a tp13733 a(g212 V tp13734 a(g266 V\u005c& p13735 tp13736 a(g212 V @array = split(/:/); p13737 tp13738 a(g212 V\u000a tp13739 a(g212 V tp13740 a(g266 V\u005c& p13741 tp13742 a(g212 V # ... p13743 tp13744 a(g212 V\u000a tp13745 a(g212 V tp13746 a(g266 V\u005c& p13747 tp13748 a(g212 V } p13749 tp13750 a(g212 V\u000a tp13751 a(g212 V. tp13752 a(g134 VVe p13753 tp13754 a(g212 V\u000a tp13755 a(g212 V. tp13756 a(g134 VSp p13757 tp13758 a(g212 V\u000a tp13759 a(g212 VIf p13760 tp13761 a(g266 V\u005cs p13762 tp13763 a(g212 V-1VARIABLE p13764 tp13765 a(g266 V\u005cs p13766 tp13767 a(g212 V0 is a hash, it chomps the hash's values, but not its keys. p13768 tp13769 a(g212 V\u000a tp13770 a(g212 V. tp13771 a(g134 VSp p13772 tp13773 a(g212 V\u000a tp13774 a(g212 V tp13775 a.