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 * jQuery JavaScript Library v1.11.1
 * http://jquery.com/
 *
 * Includes Sizzle.js
 * http://sizzlejs.com/
 *
 * Copyright 2005, 2014 jQuery Foundation, Inc. and other contributors
 * Released under the MIT license
 * http://jquery.org/license
 *
 * Date: 2014-05-01T17:42Z
 */


(function( global, factory ) {

	if ( typeof module === "object" && typeof module.exports === "object" ) {
		// For CommonJS and CommonJS-like environments where a proper window is present,
		// execute the factory and get jQuery
		// For environments that do not inherently posses a window with a document
		// (such as Node.js), expose a jQuery-making factory as module.exports
		// This accentuates the need for the creation of a real window
		// e.g. var jQuery = require("jquery")(window);
		// See ticket #14549 for more info
		module.exports = global.document ?
			factory( global, true ) :
			function( w ) {
				if ( !w.document ) {
					throw new Error( "jQuery requires a window with a document" );
				}
				return factory( w );
			};
	} else {
		factory( global );
	}

// Pass this if window is not defined yet
}(typeof window !== "undefined" ? window : this, function( window, noGlobal ) {

// Can't do this because several apps including ASP.NET trace
// the stack via arguments.caller.callee and Firefox dies if
// you try to trace through "use strict" call chains. (#13335)
// Support: Firefox 18+
//

var deletedIds = [];

var slice = deletedIds.slice;

var concat = deletedIds.concat;

var push = deletedIds.push;

var indexOf = deletedIds.indexOf;

var class2type = {};

var toString = class2type.toString;

var hasOwn = class2type.hasOwnProperty;

var support = {};


var
	version = "1.11.1",

	// Define a local copy of jQuery
	jQuery = function( selector, context ) {
		// The jQuery object is actually just the init constructor 'enhanced'
		// Need init if jQuery is called (just allow error to be thrown if not included)
		return new jQuery.fn.init( selector, context );
	},

	// Support: Android<4.1, IE<9
	// Make sure we trim BOM and NBSP
	rtrim = /^[\s\uFEFF\xA0]+|[\s\uFEFF\xA0]+$/g,

	// Matches dashed string for camelizing
	rmsPrefix = /^-ms-/,
	rdashAlpha = /-([\da-z])/gi,

	// Used by jQuery.camelCase as callback to replace()
	fcamelCase = function( all, letter ) {
		return letter.toUpperCase();
	};

jQuery.fn = jQuery.prototype = {
	// The current version of jQuery being used
	jquery: version,

	constructor: jQuery,

	// Start with an empty selector
	selector: "",

	// The default length of a jQuery object is 0
	length: 0,

	toArray: function() {
		return slice.call( this );
	},

	// Get the Nth element in the matched element set OR
	// Get the whole matched element set as a clean array
	get: function( num ) {
		return num != null ?

			// Return just the one element from the set
			( num < 0 ? this[ num + this.length ] : this[ num ] ) :

			// Return all the elements in a clean array
			slice.call( this );
	},

	// Take an array of elements and push it onto the stack
	// (returning the new matched element set)
	pushStack: function( elems ) {

		// Build a new jQuery matched element set
		var ret = jQuery.merge( this.constructor(), elems );

		// Add the old object onto the stack (as a reference)
		ret.prevObject = this;
		ret.context = this.context;

		// Return the newly-formed element set
		return ret;
	},

	// Execute a callback for every element in the matched set.
	// (You can seed the arguments with an array of args, but this is
	// only used internally.)
	each: function( callback, args ) {
		return jQuery.each( this, callback, args );
	},

	map: function( callback ) {
		return this.pushStack( jQuery.map(this, function( elem, i ) {
			return callback.call( elem, i, elem );
		}));
	},

	slice: function() {
		return this.pushStack( slice.apply( this, arguments ) );
	},

	first: function() {
		return this.eq( 0 );
	},

	last: function() {
		return this.eq( -1 );
	},

	eq: function( i ) {
		var len = this.length,
			j = +i + ( i < 0 ? len : 0 );
		return this.pushStack( j >= 0 && j < len ? [ this[j] ] : [] );
	},

	end: function() {
		return this.prevObject || this.constructor(null);
	},

	// For internal use only.
	// Behaves like an Array's method, not like a jQuery method.
	push: push,
	sort: deletedIds.sort,
	splice: deletedIds.splice
};

jQuery.extend = jQuery.fn.extend = function() {
	var src, copyIsArray, copy, name, options, clone,
		target = arguments[0] || {},
		i = 1,
		length = arguments.length,
		deep = false;

	// Handle a deep copy situation
	if ( typeof target === "boolean" ) {
		deep = target;

		// skip the boolean and the target
		target = arguments[ i ] || {};
		i++;
	}

	// Handle case when target is a string or something (possible in deep copy)
	if ( typeof target !== "object" && !jQuery.isFunction(target) ) {
		target = {};
	}

	// extend jQuery itself if only one argument is passed
	if ( i === length ) {
		target = this;
		i--;
	}

	for ( ; i < length; i++ ) {
		// Only deal with non-null/undefined values
		if ( (options = arguments[ i ]) != null ) {
			// Extend the base object
			for ( name in options ) {
				src = target[ name ];
				copy = options[ name ];

				// Prevent never-ending loop
				if ( target === copy ) {
					continue;
				}

				// Recurse if we're merging plain objects or arrays
				if ( deep && copy && ( jQuery.isPlainObject(copy) || (copyIsArray = jQuery.isArray(copy)) ) ) {
					if ( copyIsArray ) {
						copyIsArray = false;
						clone = src && jQuery.isArray(src) ? src : [];

					} else {
						clone = src && jQuery.isPlainObject(src) ? src : {};
					}

					// Never move original objects, clone them
					target[ name ] = jQuery.extend( deep, clone, copy );

				// Don't bring in undefined values
				} else if ( copy !== undefined ) {
					target[ name ] = copy;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	// Return the modified object
	return target;
};

jQuery.extend({
	// Unique for each copy of jQuery on the page
	expando: "jQuery" + ( version + Math.random() ).replace( /\D/g, "" ),

	// Assume jQuery is ready without the ready module
	isReady: true,

	error: function( msg ) {
		throw new Error( msg );
	},

	noop: function() {},

	// See test/unit/core.js for details concerning isFunction.
	// Since version 1.3, DOM methods and functions like alert
	// aren't supported. They return false on IE (#2968).
	isFunction: function( obj ) {
		return jQuery.type(obj) === "function";
	},

	isArray: Array.isArray || function( obj ) {
		return jQuery.type(obj) === "array";
	},

	isWindow: function( obj ) {
		/* jshint eqeqeq: false */
		return obj != null && obj == obj.window;
	},

	isNumeric: function( obj ) {
		// parseFloat NaNs numeric-cast false positives (null|true|false|"")
		// ...but misinterprets leading-number strings, particularly hex literals ("0x...")
		// subtraction forces infinities to NaN
		return !jQuery.isArray( obj ) && obj - parseFloat( obj ) >= 0;
	},

	isEmptyObject: function( obj ) {
		var name;
		for ( name in obj ) {
			return false;
		}
		return true;
	},

	isPlainObject: function( obj ) {
		var key;

		// Must be an Object.
		// Because of IE, we also have to check the presence of the constructor property.
		// Make sure that DOM nodes and window objects don't pass through, as well
		if ( !obj || jQuery.type(obj) !== "object" || obj.nodeType || jQuery.isWindow( obj ) ) {
			return false;
		}

		try {
			// Not own constructor property must be Object
			if ( obj.constructor &&
				!hasOwn.call(obj, "constructor") &&
				!hasOwn.call(obj.constructor.prototype, "isPrototypeOf") ) {
				return false;
			}
		} catch ( e ) {
			// IE8,9 Will throw exceptions on certain host objects #9897
			return false;
		}

		// Support: IE<9
		// Handle iteration over inherited properties before own properties.
		if ( support.ownLast ) {
			for ( key in obj ) {
				return hasOwn.call( obj, key );
			}
		}

		// Own properties are enumerated firstly, so to speed up,
		// if last one is own, then all properties are own.
		for ( key in obj ) {}

		return key === undefined || hasOwn.call( obj, key );
	},

	type: function( obj ) {
		if ( obj == null ) {
			return obj + "";
		}
		return typeof obj === "object" || typeof obj === "function" ?
			class2type[ toString.call(obj) ] || "object" :
			typeof obj;
	},

	// Evaluates a script in a global context
	// Workarounds based on findings by Jim Driscoll
	// http://weblogs.java.net/blog/driscoll/archive/2009/09/08/eval-javascript-global-context
	globalEval: function( data ) {
		if ( data && jQuery.trim( data ) ) {
			// We use execScript on Internet Explorer
			// We use an anonymous function so that context is window
			// rather than jQuery in Firefox
			( window.execScript || function( data ) {
				window[ "eval" ].call( window, data );
			} )( data );
		}
	},

	// Convert dashed to camelCase; used by the css and data modules
	// Microsoft forgot to hump their vendor prefix (#9572)
	camelCase: function( string ) {
		return string.replace( rmsPrefix, "ms-" ).replace( rdashAlpha, fcamelCase );
	},

	nodeName: function( elem, name ) {
		return elem.nodeName && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name.toLowerCase();
	},

	// args is for internal usage only
	each: function( obj, callback, args ) {
		var value,
			i = 0,
			length = obj.length,
			isArray = isArraylike( obj );

		if ( args ) {
			if ( isArray ) {
				for ( ; i < length; i++ ) {
					value = callback.apply( obj[ i ], args );

					if ( value === false ) {
						break;
					}
				}
			} else {
				for ( i in obj ) {
					value = callback.apply( obj[ i ], args );

					if ( value === false ) {
						break;
					}
				}
			}

		// A special, fast, case for the most common use of each
		} else {
			if ( isArray ) {
				for ( ; i < length; i++ ) {
					value = callback.call( obj[ i ], i, obj[ i ] );

					if ( value === false ) {
						break;
					}
				}
			} else {
				for ( i in obj ) {
					value = callback.call( obj[ i ], i, obj[ i ] );

					if ( value === false ) {
						break;
					}
				}
			}
		}

		return obj;
	},

	// Support: Android<4.1, IE<9
	trim: function( text ) {
		return text == null ?
			"" :
			( text + "" ).replace( rtrim, "" );
	},

	// results is for internal usage only
	makeArray: function( arr, results ) {
		var ret = results || [];

		if ( arr != null ) {
			if ( isArraylike( Object(arr) ) ) {
				jQuery.merge( ret,
					typeof arr === "string" ?
					[ arr ] : arr
				);
			} else {
				push.call( ret, arr );
			}
		}

		return ret;
	},

	inArray: function( elem, arr, i ) {
		var len;

		if ( arr ) {
			if ( indexOf ) {
				return indexOf.call( arr, elem, i );
			}

			len = arr.length;
			i = i ? i < 0 ? Math.max( 0, len + i ) : i : 0;

			for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
				// Skip accessing in sparse arrays
				if ( i in arr && arr[ i ] === elem ) {
					return i;
				}
			}
		}

		return -1;
	},

	merge: function( first, second ) {
		var len = +second.length,
			j = 0,
			i = first.length;

		while ( j < len ) {
			first[ i++ ] = second[ j++ ];
		}

		// Support: IE<9
		// Workaround casting of .length to NaN on otherwise arraylike objects (e.g., NodeLists)
		if ( len !== len ) {
			while ( second[j] !== undefined ) {
				first[ i++ ] = second[ j++ ];
			}
		}

		first.length = i;

		return first;
	},

	grep: function( elems, callback, invert ) {
		var callbackInverse,
			matches = [],
			i = 0,
			length = elems.length,
			callbackExpect = !invert;

		// Go through the array, only saving the items
		// that pass the validator function
		for ( ; i < length; i++ ) {
			callbackInverse = !callback( elems[ i ], i );
			if ( callbackInverse !== callbackExpect ) {
				matches.push( elems[ i ] );
			}
		}

		return matches;
	},

	// arg is for internal usage only
	map: function( elems, callback, arg ) {
		var value,
			i = 0,
			length = elems.length,
			isArray = isArraylike( elems ),
			ret = [];

		// Go through the array, translating each of the items to their new values
		if ( isArray ) {
			for ( ; i < length; i++ ) {
				value = callback( elems[ i ], i, arg );

				if ( value != null ) {
					ret.push( value );
				}
			}

		// Go through every key on the object,
		} else {
			for ( i in elems ) {
				value = callback( elems[ i ], i, arg );

				if ( value != null ) {
					ret.push( value );
				}
			}
		}

		// Flatten any nested arrays
		return concat.apply( [], ret );
	},

	// A global GUID counter for objects
	guid: 1,

	// Bind a function to a context, optionally partially applying any
	// arguments.
	proxy: function( fn, context ) {
		var args, proxy, tmp;

		if ( typeof context === "string" ) {
			tmp = fn[ context ];
			context = fn;
			fn = tmp;
		}

		// Quick check to determine if target is callable, in the spec
		// this throws a TypeError, but we will just return undefined.
		if ( !jQuery.isFunction( fn ) ) {
			return undefined;
		}

		// Simulated bind
		args = slice.call( arguments, 2 );
		proxy = function() {
			return fn.apply( context || this, args.concat( slice.call( arguments ) ) );
		};

		// Set the guid of unique handler to the same of original handler, so it can be removed
		proxy.guid = fn.guid = fn.guid || jQuery.guid++;

		return proxy;
	},

	now: function() {
		return +( new Date() );
	},

	// jQuery.support is not used in Core but other projects attach their
	// properties to it so it needs to exist.
	support: support
});

// Populate the class2type map
jQuery.each("Boolean Number String Function Array Date RegExp Object Error".split(" "), function(i, name) {
	class2type[ "[object " + name + "]" ] = name.toLowerCase();
});

function isArraylike( obj ) {
	var length = obj.length,
		type = jQuery.type( obj );

	if ( type === "function" || jQuery.isWindow( obj ) ) {
		return false;
	}

	if ( obj.nodeType === 1 && length ) {
		return true;
	}

	return type === "array" || length === 0 ||
		typeof length === "number" && length > 0 && ( length - 1 ) in obj;
}
var Sizzle =
/*!
 * Sizzle CSS Selector Engine v1.10.19
 * http://sizzlejs.com/
 *
 * Copyright 2013 jQuery Foundation, Inc. and other contributors
 * Released under the MIT license
 * http://jquery.org/license
 *
 * Date: 2014-04-18
 */
(function( window ) {

var i,
	support,
	Expr,
	getText,
	isXML,
	tokenize,
	compile,
	select,
	outermostContext,
	sortInput,
	hasDuplicate,

	// Local document vars
	setDocument,
	document,
	docElem,
	documentIsHTML,
	rbuggyQSA,
	rbuggyMatches,
	matches,
	contains,

	// Instance-specific data
	expando = "sizzle" + -(new Date()),
	preferredDoc = window.document,
	dirruns = 0,
	done = 0,
	classCache = createCache(),
	tokenCache = createCache(),
	compilerCache = createCache(),
	sortOrder = function( a, b ) {
		if ( a === b ) {
			hasDuplicate = true;
		}
		return 0;
	},

	// General-purpose constants
	strundefined = typeof undefined,
	MAX_NEGATIVE = 1 << 31,

	// Instance methods
	hasOwn = ({}).hasOwnProperty,
	arr = [],
	pop = arr.pop,
	push_native = arr.push,
	push = arr.push,
	slice = arr.slice,
	// Use a stripped-down indexOf if we can't use a native one
	indexOf = arr.indexOf || function( elem ) {
		var i = 0,
			len = this.length;
		for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
			if ( this[i] === elem ) {
				return i;
			}
		}
		return -1;
	},

	booleans = "checked|selected|async|autofocus|autoplay|controls|defer|disabled|hidden|ismap|loop|multiple|open|readonly|required|scoped",

	// Regular expressions

	// Whitespace characters http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#whitespace
	whitespace = "[\\x20\\t\\r\\n\\f]",
	// http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-syntax/#characters
	characterEncoding = "(?:\\\\.|[\\w-]|[^\\x00-\\xa0])+",

	// Loosely modeled on CSS identifier characters
	// An unquoted value should be a CSS identifier http://www.w3.org/TR/css3-selectors/#attribute-selectors
	// Proper syntax: http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#value-def-identifier
	identifier = characterEncoding.replace( "w", "w#" ),

	// Attribute selectors: http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#attribute-selectors
	attributes = "\\[" + whitespace + "*(" + characterEncoding + ")(?:" + whitespace +
		// Operator (capture 2)
		"*([*^$|!~]?=)" + whitespace +
		// "Attribute values must be CSS identifiers [capture 5] or strings [capture 3 or capture 4]"
		"*(?:'((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\'])*)'|\"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\\"])*)\"|(" + identifier + "))|)" + whitespace +
		"*\\]",

	pseudos = ":(" + characterEncoding + ")(?:\\((" +
		// To reduce the number of selectors needing tokenize in the preFilter, prefer arguments:
		// 1. quoted (capture 3; capture 4 or capture 5)
		"('((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\'])*)'|\"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\\"])*)\")|" +
		// 2. simple (capture 6)
		"((?:\\\\.|[^\\\\()[\\]]|" + attributes + ")*)|" +
		// 3. anything else (capture 2)
		".*" +
		")\\)|)",

	// Leading and non-escaped trailing whitespace, capturing some non-whitespace characters preceding the latter
	rtrim = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "+|((?:^|[^\\\\])(?:\\\\.)*)" + whitespace + "+$", "g" ),

	rcomma = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*," + whitespace + "*" ),
	rcombinators = new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*([>+~]|" + whitespace + ")" + whitespace + "*" ),

	rattributeQuotes = new RegExp( "=" + whitespace + "*([^\\]'\"]*?)" + whitespace + "*\\]", "g" ),

	rpseudo = new RegExp( pseudos ),
	ridentifier = new RegExp( "^" + identifier + "$" ),

	matchExpr = {
		"ID": new RegExp( "^#(" + characterEncoding + ")" ),
		"CLASS": new RegExp( "^\\.(" + characterEncoding + ")" ),
		"TAG": new RegExp( "^(" + characterEncoding.replace( "w", "w*" ) + ")" ),
		"ATTR": new RegExp( "^" + attributes ),
		"PSEUDO": new RegExp( "^" + pseudos ),
		"CHILD": new RegExp( "^:(only|first|last|nth|nth-last)-(child|of-type)(?:\\(" + whitespace +
			"*(even|odd|(([+-]|)(\\d*)n|)" + whitespace + "*(?:([+-]|)" + whitespace +
			"*(\\d+)|))" + whitespace + "*\\)|)", "i" ),
		"bool": new RegExp( "^(?:" + booleans + ")$", "i" ),
		// For use in libraries implementing .is()
		// We use this for POS matching in `select`
		"needsContext": new RegExp( "^" + whitespace + "*[>+~]|:(even|odd|eq|gt|lt|nth|first|last)(?:\\(" +
			whitespace + "*((?:-\\d)?\\d*)" + whitespace + "*\\)|)(?=[^-]|$)", "i" )
	},

	rinputs = /^(?:input|select|textarea|button)$/i,
	rheader = /^h\d$/i,

	rnative = /^[^{]+\{\s*\[native \w/,

	// Easily-parseable/retrievable ID or TAG or CLASS selectors
	rquickExpr = /^(?:#([\w-]+)|(\w+)|\.([\w-]+))$/,

	rsibling = /[+~]/,
	rescape = /'|\\/g,

	// CSS escapes http://www.w3.org/TR/CSS21/syndata.html#escaped-characters
	runescape = new RegExp( "\\\\([\\da-f]{1,6}" + whitespace + "?|(" + whitespace + ")|.)", "ig" ),
	funescape = function( _, escaped, escapedWhitespace ) {
		var high = "0x" + escaped - 0x10000;
		// NaN means non-codepoint
		// Support: Firefox<24
		// Workaround erroneous numeric interpretation of +"0x"
		return high !== high || escapedWhitespace ?
			escaped :
			high < 0 ?
				// BMP codepoint
				String.fromCharCode( high + 0x10000 ) :
				// Supplemental Plane codepoint (surrogate pair)
				String.fromCharCode( high >> 10 | 0xD800, high & 0x3FF | 0xDC00 );
	};

// Optimize for push.apply( _, NodeList )
try {
	push.apply(
		(arr = slice.call( preferredDoc.childNodes )),
		preferredDoc.childNodes
	);
	// Support: Android<4.0
	// Detect silently failing push.apply
	arr[ preferredDoc.childNodes.length ].nodeType;
} catch ( e ) {
	push = { apply: arr.length ?

		// Leverage slice if possible
		function( target, els ) {
			push_native.apply( target, slice.call(els) );
		} :

		// Support: IE<9
		// Otherwise append directly
		function( target, els ) {
			var j = target.length,
				i = 0;
			// Can't trust NodeList.length
			while ( (target[j++] = els[i++]) ) {}
			target.length = j - 1;
		}
	};
}

function Sizzle( selector, context, results, seed ) {
	var match, elem, m, nodeType,
		// QSA vars
		i, groups, old, nid, newContext, newSelector;

	if ( ( context ? context.ownerDocument || context : preferredDoc ) !== document ) {
		setDocument( context );
	}

	context = context || document;
	results = results || [];

	if ( !selector || typeof selector !== "string" ) {
		return results;
	}

	if ( (nodeType = context.nodeType) !== 1 && nodeType !== 9 ) {
		return [];
	}

	if ( documentIsHTML && !seed ) {

		// Shortcuts
		if ( (match = rquickExpr.exec( selector )) ) {
			// Speed-up: Sizzle("#ID")
			if ( (m = match[1]) ) {
				if ( nodeType === 9 ) {
					elem = context.getElementById( m );
					// Check parentNode to catch when Blackberry 4.6 returns
					// nodes that are no longer in the document (jQuery #6963)
					if ( elem && elem.parentNode ) {
						// Handle the case where IE, Opera, and Webkit return items
						// by name instead of ID
						if ( elem.id === m ) {
							results.push( elem );
							return results;
						}
					} else {
						return results;
					}
				} else {
					// Context is not a document
					if ( context.ownerDocument && (elem = context.ownerDocument.getElementById( m )) &&
						contains( context, elem ) && elem.id === m ) {
						results.push( elem );
						return results;
					}
				}

			// Speed-up: Sizzle("TAG")
			} else if ( match[2] ) {
				push.apply( results, context.getElementsByTagName( selector ) );
				return results;

			// Speed-up: Sizzle(".CLASS")
			} else if ( (m = match[3]) && support.getElementsByClassName && context.getElementsByClassName ) {
				push.apply( results, context.getElementsByClassName( m ) );
				return results;
			}
		}

		// QSA path
		if ( support.qsa && (!rbuggyQSA || !rbuggyQSA.test( selector )) ) {
			nid = old = expando;
			newContext = context;
			newSelector = nodeType === 9 && selector;

			// qSA works strangely on Element-rooted queries
			// We can work around this by specifying an extra ID on the root
			// and working up from there (Thanks to Andrew Dupont for the technique)
			// IE 8 doesn't work on object elements
			if ( nodeType === 1 && context.nodeName.toLowerCase() !== "object" ) {
				groups = tokenize( selector );

				if ( (old = context.getAttribute("id")) ) {
					nid = old.replace( rescape, "\\$&" );
				} else {
					context.setAttribute( "id", nid );
				}
				nid = "[id='" + nid + "'] ";

				i = groups.length;
				while ( i-- ) {
					groups[i] = nid + toSelector( groups[i] );
				}
				newContext = rsibling.test( selector ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) || context;
				newSelector = groups.join(",");
			}

			if ( newSelector ) {
				try {
					push.apply( results,
						newContext.querySelectorAll( newSelector )
					);
					return results;
				} catch(qsaError) {
				} finally {
					if ( !old ) {
						context.removeAttribute("id");
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}

	// All others
	return select( selector.replace( rtrim, "$1" ), context, results, seed );
}

/**
 * Create key-value caches of limited size
 * @returns {Function(string, Object)} Returns the Object data after storing it on itself with
 *	property name the (space-suffixed) string and (if the cache is larger than Expr.cacheLength)
 *	deleting the oldest entry
 */
function createCache() {
	var keys = [];

	function cache( key, value ) {
		// Use (key + " ") to avoid collision with native prototype properties (see Issue #157)
		if ( keys.push( key + " " ) > Expr.cacheLength ) {
			// Only keep the most recent entries
			delete cache[ keys.shift() ];
		}
		return (cache[ key + " " ] = value);
	}
	return cache;
}

/**
 * Mark a function for special use by Sizzle
 * @param {Function} fn The function to mark
 */
function markFunction( fn ) {
	fn[ expando ] = true;
	return fn;
}

/**
 * Support testing using an element
 * @param {Function} fn Passed the created div and expects a boolean result
 */
function assert( fn ) {
	var div = document.createElement("div");

	try {
		return !!fn( div );
	} catch (e) {
		return false;
	} finally {
		// Remove from its parent by default
		if ( div.parentNode ) {
			div.parentNode.removeChild( div );
		}
		// release memory in IE
		div = null;
	}
}

/**
 * Adds the same handler for all of the specified attrs
 * @param {String} attrs Pipe-separated list of attributes
 * @param {Function} handler The method that will be applied
 */
function addHandle( attrs, handler ) {
	var arr = attrs.split("|"),
		i = attrs.length;

	while ( i-- ) {
		Expr.attrHandle[ arr[i] ] = handler;
	}
}

/**
 * Checks document order of two siblings
 * @param {Element} a
 * @param {Element} b
 * @returns {Number} Returns less than 0 if a precedes b, greater than 0 if a follows b
 */
function siblingCheck( a, b ) {
	var cur = b && a,
		diff = cur && a.nodeType === 1 && b.nodeType === 1 &&
			( ~b.sourceIndex || MAX_NEGATIVE ) -
			( ~a.sourceIndex || MAX_NEGATIVE );

	// Use IE sourceIndex if available on both nodes
	if ( diff ) {
		return diff;
	}

	// Check if b follows a
	if ( cur ) {
		while ( (cur = cur.nextSibling) ) {
			if ( cur === b ) {
				return -1;
			}
		}
	}

	return a ? 1 : -1;
}

/**
 * Returns a function to use in pseudos for input types
 * @param {String} type
 */
function createInputPseudo( type ) {
	return function( elem ) {
		var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase();
		return name === "input" && elem.type === type;
	};
}

/**
 * Returns a function to use in pseudos for buttons
 * @param {String} type
 */
function createButtonPseudo( type ) {
	return function( elem ) {
		var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase();
		return (name === "input" || name === "button") && elem.type === type;
	};
}

/**
 * Returns a function to use in pseudos for positionals
 * @param {Function} fn
 */
function createPositionalPseudo( fn ) {
	return markFunction(function( argument ) {
		argument = +argument;
		return markFunction(function( seed, matches ) {
			var j,
				matchIndexes = fn( [], seed.length, argument ),
				i = matchIndexes.length;

			// Match elements found at the specified indexes
			while ( i-- ) {
				if ( seed[ (j = matchIndexes[i]) ] ) {
					seed[j] = !(matches[j] = seed[j]);
				}
			}
		});
	});
}

/**
 * Checks a node for validity as a Sizzle context
 * @param {Element|Object=} context
 * @returns {Element|Object|Boolean} The input node if acceptable, otherwise a falsy value
 */
function testContext( context ) {
	return context && typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== strundefined && context;
}

// Expose support vars for convenience
support = Sizzle.support = {};

/**
 * Detects XML nodes
 * @param {Element|Object} elem An element or a document
 * @returns {Boolean} True iff elem is a non-HTML XML node
 */
isXML = Sizzle.isXML = function( elem ) {
	// documentElement is verified for cases where it doesn't yet exist
	// (such as loading iframes in IE - #4833)
	var documentElement = elem && (elem.ownerDocument || elem).documentElement;
	return documentElement ? documentElement.nodeName !== "HTML" : false;
};

/**
 * Sets document-related variables once based on the current document
 * @param {Element|Object} [doc] An element or document object to use to set the document
 * @returns {Object} Returns the current document
 */
setDocument = Sizzle.setDocument = function( node ) {
	var hasCompare,
		doc = node ? node.ownerDocument || node : preferredDoc,
		parent = doc.defaultView;

	// If no document and documentElement is available, return
	if ( doc === document || doc.nodeType !== 9 || !doc.documentElement ) {
		return document;
	}

	// Set our document
	document = doc;
	docElem = doc.documentElement;

	// Support tests
	documentIsHTML = !isXML( doc );

	// Support: IE>8
	// If iframe document is assigned to "document" variable and if iframe has been reloaded,
	// IE will throw "permission denied" error when accessing "document" variable, see jQuery #13936
	// IE6-8 do not support the defaultView property so parent will be undefined
	if ( parent && parent !== parent.top ) {
		// IE11 does not have attachEvent, so all must suffer
		if ( parent.addEventListener ) {
			parent.addEventListener( "unload", function() {
				setDocument();
			}, false );
		} else if ( parent.attachEvent ) {
			parent.attachEvent( "onunload", function() {
				setDocument();
			});
		}
	}

	/* Attributes
	---------------------------------------------------------------------- */

	// Support: IE<8
	// Verify that getAttribute really returns attributes and not properties (excepting IE8 booleans)
	support.attributes = assert(function( div ) {
		div.className = "i";
		return !div.getAttribute("className");
	});

	/* getElement(s)By*
	---------------------------------------------------------------------- */

	// Check if getElementsByTagName("*") returns only elements
	support.getElementsByTagName = assert(function( div ) {
		div.appendChild( doc.createComment("") );
		return !div.getElementsByTagName("*").length;
	});

	// Check if getElementsByClassName can be trusted
	support.getElementsByClassName = rnative.test( doc.getElementsByClassName ) && assert(function( div ) {
		div.innerHTML = "<div class='a'></div><div class='a i'></div>";

		// Support: Safari<4
		// Catch class over-caching
		div.firstChild.className = "i";
		// Support: Opera<10
		// Catch gEBCN failure to find non-leading classes
		return div.getElementsByClassName("i").length === 2;
	});

	// Support: IE<10
	// Check if getElementById returns elements by name
	// The broken getElementById methods don't pick up programatically-set names,
	// so use a roundabout getElementsByName test
	support.getById = assert(function( div ) {
		docElem.appendChild( div ).id = expando;
		return !doc.getElementsByName || !doc.getElementsByName( expando ).length;
	});

	// ID find and filter
	if ( support.getById ) {
		Expr.find["ID"] = function( id, context ) {
			if ( typeof context.getElementById !== strundefined && documentIsHTML ) {
				var m = context.getElementById( id );
				// Check parentNode to catch when Blackberry 4.6 returns
				// nodes that are no longer in the document #6963
				return m && m.parentNode ? [ m ] : [];
			}
		};
		Expr.filter["ID"] = function( id ) {
			var attrId = id.replace( runescape, funescape );
			return function( elem ) {
				return elem.getAttribute("id") === attrId;
			};
		};
	} else {
		// Support: IE6/7
		// getElementById is not reliable as a find shortcut
		delete Expr.find["ID"];

		Expr.filter["ID"] =  function( id ) {
			var attrId = id.replace( runescape, funescape );
			return function( elem ) {
				var node = typeof elem.getAttributeNode !== strundefined && elem.getAttributeNode("id");
				return node && node.value === attrId;
			};
		};
	}

	// Tag
	Expr.find["TAG"] = support.getElementsByTagName ?
		function( tag, context ) {
			if ( typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== strundefined ) {
				return context.getElementsByTagName( tag );
			}
		} :
		function( tag, context ) {
			var elem,
				tmp = [],
				i = 0,
				results = context.getElementsByTagName( tag );

			// Filter out possible comments
			if ( tag === "*" ) {
				while ( (elem = results[i++]) ) {
					if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) {
						tmp.push( elem );
					}
				}

				return tmp;
			}
			return results;
		};

	// Class
	Expr.find["CLASS"] = support.getElementsByClassName && function( className, context ) {
		if ( typeof context.getElementsByClassName !== strundefined && documentIsHTML ) {
			return context.getElementsByClassName( className );
		}
	};

	/* QSA/matchesSelector
	---------------------------------------------------------------------- */

	// QSA and matchesSelector support

	// matchesSelector(:active) reports false when true (IE9/Opera 11.5)
	rbuggyMatches = [];

	// qSa(:focus) reports false when true (Chrome 21)
	// We allow this because of a bug in IE8/9 that throws an error
	// whenever `document.activeElement` is accessed on an iframe
	// So, we allow :focus to pass through QSA all the time to avoid the IE error
	// See http://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/13378
	rbuggyQSA = [];

	if ( (support.qsa = rnative.test( doc.querySelectorAll )) ) {
		// Build QSA regex
		// Regex strategy adopted from Diego Perini
		assert(function( div ) {
			// Select is set to empty string on purpose
			// This is to test IE's treatment of not explicitly
			// setting a boolean content attribute,
			// since its presence should be enough
			// http://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/12359
			div.innerHTML = "<select msallowclip=''><option selected=''></option></select>";

			// Support: IE8, Opera 11-12.16
			// Nothing should be selected when empty strings follow ^= or $= or *=
			// The test attribute must be unknown in Opera but "safe" for WinRT
			// http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/hh465388.aspx#attribute_section
			if ( div.querySelectorAll("[msallowclip^='']").length ) {
				rbuggyQSA.push( "[*^$]=" + whitespace + "*(?:''|\"\")" );
			}

			// Support: IE8
			// Boolean attributes and "value" are not treated correctly
			if ( !div.querySelectorAll("[selected]").length ) {
				rbuggyQSA.push( "\\[" + whitespace + "*(?:value|" + booleans + ")" );
			}

			// Webkit/Opera - :checked should return selected option elements
			// http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/#checked
			// IE8 throws error here and will not see later tests
			if ( !div.querySelectorAll(":checked").length ) {
				rbuggyQSA.push(":checked");
			}
		});

		assert(function( div ) {
			// Support: Windows 8 Native Apps
			// The type and name attributes are restricted during .innerHTML assignment
			var input = doc.createElement("input");
			input.setAttribute( "type", "hidden" );
			div.appendChild( input ).setAttribute( "name", "D" );

			// Support: IE8
			// Enforce case-sensitivity of name attribute
			if ( div.querySelectorAll("[name=d]").length ) {
				rbuggyQSA.push( "name" + whitespace + "*[*^$|!~]?=" );
			}

			// FF 3.5 - :enabled/:disabled and hidden elements (hidden elements are still enabled)
			// IE8 throws error here and will not see later tests
			if ( !div.querySelectorAll(":enabled").length ) {
				rbuggyQSA.push( ":enabled", ":disabled" );
			}

			// Opera 10-11 does not throw on post-comma invalid pseudos
			div.querySelectorAll("*,:x");
			rbuggyQSA.push(",.*:");
		});
	}

	if ( (support.matchesSelector = rnative.test( (matches = docElem.matches ||
		docElem.webkitMatchesSelector ||
		docElem.mozMatchesSelector ||
		docElem.oMatchesSelector ||
		docElem.msMatchesSelector) )) ) {

		assert(function( div ) {
			// Check to see if it's possible to do matchesSelector
			// on a disconnected node (IE 9)
			support.disconnectedMatch = matches.call( div, "div" );

			// This should fail with an exception
			// Gecko does not error, returns false instead
			matches.call( div, "[s!='']:x" );
			rbuggyMatches.push( "!=", pseudos );
		});
	}

	rbuggyQSA = rbuggyQSA.length && new RegExp( rbuggyQSA.join("|") );
	rbuggyMatches = rbuggyMatches.length && new RegExp( rbuggyMatches.join("|") );

	/* Contains
	---------------------------------------------------------------------- */
	hasCompare = rnative.test( docElem.compareDocumentPosition );

	// Element contains another
	// Purposefully does not implement inclusive descendent
	// As in, an element does not contain itself
	contains = hasCompare || rnative.test( docElem.contains ) ?
		function( a, b ) {
			var adown = a.nodeType === 9 ? a.documentElement : a,
				bup = b && b.parentNode;
			return a === bup || !!( bup && bup.nodeType === 1 && (
				adown.contains ?
					adown.contains( bup ) :
					a.compareDocumentPosition && a.compareDocumentPosition( bup ) & 16
			));
		} :
		function( a, b ) {
			if ( b ) {
				while ( (b = b.parentNode) ) {
					if ( b === a ) {
						return true;
					}
				}
			}
			return false;
		};

	/* Sorting
	---------------------------------------------------------------------- */

	// Document order sorting
	sortOrder = hasCompare ?
	function( a, b ) {

		// Flag for duplicate removal
		if ( a === b ) {
			hasDuplicate = true;
			return 0;
		}

		// Sort on method existence if only one input has compareDocumentPosition
		var compare = !a.compareDocumentPosition - !b.compareDocumentPosition;
		if ( compare ) {
			return compare;
		}

		// Calculate position if both inputs belong to the same document
		compare = ( a.ownerDocument || a ) === ( b.ownerDocument || b ) ?
			a.compareDocumentPosition( b ) :

			// Otherwise we know they are disconnected
			1;

		// Disconnected nodes
		if ( compare & 1 ||
			(!support.sortDetached && b.compareDocumentPosition( a ) === compare) ) {

			// Choose the first element that is related to our preferred document
			if ( a === doc || a.ownerDocument === preferredDoc && contains(preferredDoc, a) ) {
				return -1;
			}
			if ( b === doc || b.ownerDocument === preferredDoc && contains(preferredDoc, b) ) {
				return 1;
			}

			// Maintain original order
			return sortInput ?
				( indexOf.call( sortInput, a ) - indexOf.call( sortInput, b ) ) :
				0;
		}

		return compare & 4 ? -1 : 1;
	} :
	function( a, b ) {
		// Exit early if the nodes are identical
		if ( a === b ) {
			hasDuplicate = true;
			return 0;
		}

		var cur,
			i = 0,
			aup = a.parentNode,
			bup = b.parentNode,
			ap = [ a ],
			bp = [ b ];

		// Parentless nodes are either documents or disconnected
		if ( !aup || !bup ) {
			return a === doc ? -1 :
				b === doc ? 1 :
				aup ? -1 :
				bup ? 1 :
				sortInput ?
				( indexOf.call( sortInput, a ) - indexOf.call( sortInput, b ) ) :
				0;

		// If the nodes are siblings, we can do a quick check
		} else if ( aup === bup ) {
			return siblingCheck( a, b );
		}

		// Otherwise we need full lists of their ancestors for comparison
		cur = a;
		while ( (cur = cur.parentNode) ) {
			ap.unshift( cur );
		}
		cur = b;
		while ( (cur = cur.parentNode) ) {
			bp.unshift( cur );
		}

		// Walk down the tree looking for a discrepancy
		while ( ap[i] === bp[i] ) {
			i++;
		}

		return i ?
			// Do a sibling check if the nodes have a common ancestor
			siblingCheck( ap[i], bp[i] ) :

			// Otherwise nodes in our document sort first
			ap[i] === preferredDoc ? -1 :
			bp[i] === preferredDoc ? 1 :
			0;
	};

	return doc;
};

Sizzle.matches = function( expr, elements ) {
	return Sizzle( expr, null, null, elements );
};

Sizzle.matchesSelector = function( elem, expr ) {
	// Set document vars if needed
	if ( ( elem.ownerDocument || elem ) !== document ) {
		setDocument( elem );
	}

	// Make sure that attribute selectors are quoted
	expr = expr.replace( rattributeQuotes, "='$1']" );

	if ( support.matchesSelector && documentIsHTML &&
		( !rbuggyMatches || !rbuggyMatches.test( expr ) ) &&
		( !rbuggyQSA     || !rbuggyQSA.test( expr ) ) ) {

		try {
			var ret = matches.call( elem, expr );

			// IE 9's matchesSelector returns false on disconnected nodes
			if ( ret || support.disconnectedMatch ||
					// As well, disconnected nodes are said to be in a document
					// fragment in IE 9
					elem.document && elem.document.nodeType !== 11 ) {
				return ret;
			}
		} catch(e) {}
	}

	return Sizzle( expr, document, null, [ elem ] ).length > 0;
};

Sizzle.contains = function( context, elem ) {
	// Set document vars if needed
	if ( ( context.ownerDocument || context ) !== document ) {
		setDocument( context );
	}
	return contains( context, elem );
};

Sizzle.attr = function( elem, name ) {
	// Set document vars if needed
	if ( ( elem.ownerDocument || elem ) !== document ) {
		setDocument( elem );
	}

	var fn = Expr.attrHandle[ name.toLowerCase() ],
		// Don't get fooled by Object.prototype properties (jQuery #13807)
		val = fn && hasOwn.call( Expr.attrHandle, name.toLowerCase() ) ?
			fn( elem, name, !documentIsHTML ) :
			undefined;

	return val !== undefined ?
		val :
		support.attributes || !documentIsHTML ?
			elem.getAttribute( name ) :
			(val = elem.getAttributeNode(name)) && val.specified ?
				val.value :
				null;
};

Sizzle.error = function( msg ) {
	throw new Error( "Syntax error, unrecognized expression: " + msg );
};

/**
 * Document sorting and removing duplicates
 * @param {ArrayLike} results
 */
Sizzle.uniqueSort = function( results ) {
	var elem,
		duplicates = [],
		j = 0,
		i = 0;

	// Unless we *know* we can detect duplicates, assume their presence
	hasDuplicate = !support.detectDuplicates;
	sortInput = !support.sortStable && results.slice( 0 );
	results.sort( sortOrder );

	if ( hasDuplicate ) {
		while ( (elem = results[i++]) ) {
			if ( elem === results[ i ] ) {
				j = duplicates.push( i );
			}
		}
		while ( j-- ) {
			results.splice( duplicates[ j ], 1 );
		}
	}

	// Clear input after sorting to release objects
	// See https://github.com/jquery/sizzle/pull/225
	sortInput = null;

	return results;
};

/**
 * Utility function for retrieving the text value of an array of DOM nodes
 * @param {Array|Element} elem
 */
getText = Sizzle.getText = function( elem ) {
	var node,
		ret = "",
		i = 0,
		nodeType = elem.nodeType;

	if ( !nodeType ) {
		// If no nodeType, this is expected to be an array
		while ( (node = elem[i++]) ) {
			// Do not traverse comment nodes
			ret += getText( node );
		}
	} else if ( nodeType === 1 || nodeType === 9 || nodeType === 11 ) {
		// Use textContent for elements
		// innerText usage removed for consistency of new lines (jQuery #11153)
		if ( typeof elem.textContent === "string" ) {
			return elem.textContent;
		} else {
			// Traverse its children
			for ( elem = elem.firstChild; elem; elem = elem.nextSibling ) {
				ret += getText( elem );
			}
		}
	} else if ( nodeType === 3 || nodeType === 4 ) {
		return elem.nodeValue;
	}
	// Do not include comment or processing instruction nodes

	return ret;
};

Expr = Sizzle.selectors = {

	// Can be adjusted by the user
	cacheLength: 50,

	createPseudo: markFunction,

	match: matchExpr,

	attrHandle: {},

	find: {},

	relative: {
		">": { dir: "parentNode", first: true },
		" ": { dir: "parentNode" },
		"+": { dir: "previousSibling", first: true },
		"~": { dir: "previousSibling" }
	},

	preFilter: {
		"ATTR": function( match ) {
			match[1] = match[1].replace( runescape, funescape );

			// Move the given value to match[3] whether quoted or unquoted
			match[3] = ( match[3] || match[4] || match[5] || "" ).replace( runescape, funescape );

			if ( match[2] === "~=" ) {
				match[3] = " " + match[3] + " ";
			}

			return match.slice( 0, 4 );
		},

		"CHILD": function( match ) {
			/* matches from matchExpr["CHILD"]
				1 type (only|nth|...)
				2 what (child|of-type)
				3 argument (even|odd|\d*|\d*n([+-]\d+)?|...)
				4 xn-component of xn+y argument ([+-]?\d*n|)
				5 sign of xn-component
				6 x of xn-component
				7 sign of y-component
				8 y of y-component
			*/
			match[1] = match[1].toLowerCase();

			if ( match[1].slice( 0, 3 ) === "nth" ) {
				// nth-* requires argument
				if ( !match[3] ) {
					Sizzle.error( match[0] );
				}

				// numeric x and y parameters for Expr.filter.CHILD
				// remember that false/true cast respectively to 0/1
				match[4] = +( match[4] ? match[5] + (match[6] || 1) : 2 * ( match[3] === "even" || match[3] === "odd" ) );
				match[5] = +( ( match[7] + match[8] ) || match[3] === "odd" );

			// other types prohibit arguments
			} else if ( match[3] ) {
				Sizzle.error( match[0] );
			}

			return match;
		},

		"PSEUDO": function( match ) {
			var excess,
				unquoted = !match[6] && match[2];

			if ( matchExpr["CHILD"].test( match[0] ) ) {
				return null;
			}

			// Accept quoted arguments as-is
			if ( match[3] ) {
				match[2] = match[4] || match[5] || "";

			// Strip excess characters from unquoted arguments
			} else if ( unquoted && rpseudo.test( unquoted ) &&
				// Get excess from tokenize (recursively)
				(excess = tokenize( unquoted, true )) &&
				// advance to the next closing parenthesis
				(excess = unquoted.indexOf( ")", unquoted.length - excess ) - unquoted.length) ) {

				// excess is a negative index
				match[0] = match[0].slice( 0, excess );
				match[2] = unquoted.slice( 0, excess );
			}

			// Return only captures needed by the pseudo filter method (type and argument)
			return match.slice( 0, 3 );
		}
	},

	filter: {

		"TAG": function( nodeNameSelector ) {
			var nodeName = nodeNameSelector.replace( runescape, funescape ).toLowerCase();
			return nodeNameSelector === "*" ?
				function() { return true; } :
				function( elem ) {
					return elem.nodeName && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === nodeName;
				};
		},

		"CLASS": function( className ) {
			var pattern = classCache[ className + " " ];

			return pattern ||
				(pattern = new RegExp( "(^|" + whitespace + ")" + className + "(" + whitespace + "|$)" )) &&
				classCache( className, function( elem ) {
					return pattern.test( typeof elem.className === "string" && elem.className || typeof elem.getAttribute !== strundefined && elem.getAttribute("class") || "" );
				});
		},

		"ATTR": function( name, operator, check ) {
			return function( elem ) {
				var result = Sizzle.attr( elem, name );

				if ( result == null ) {
					return operator === "!=";
				}
				if ( !operator ) {
					return true;
				}

				result += "";

				return operator === "=" ? result === check :
					operator === "!=" ? result !== check :
					operator === "^=" ? check && result.indexOf( check ) === 0 :
					operator === "*=" ? check && result.indexOf( check ) > -1 :
					operator === "$=" ? check && result.slice( -check.length ) === check :
					operator === "~=" ? ( " " + result + " " ).indexOf( check ) > -1 :
					operator === "|=" ? result === check || result.slice( 0, check.length + 1 ) === check + "-" :
					false;
			};
		},

		"CHILD": function( type, what, argument, first, last ) {
			var simple = type.slice( 0, 3 ) !== "nth",
				forward = type.slice( -4 ) !== "last",
				ofType = what === "of-type";

			return first === 1 && last === 0 ?

				// Shortcut for :nth-*(n)
				function( elem ) {
					return !!elem.parentNode;
				} :

				function( elem, context, xml ) {
					var cache, outerCache, node, diff, nodeIndex, start,
						dir = simple !== forward ? "nextSibling" : "previousSibling",
						parent = elem.parentNode,
						name = ofType && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase(),
						useCache = !xml && !ofType;

					if ( parent ) {

						// :(first|last|only)-(child|of-type)
						if ( simple ) {
							while ( dir ) {
								node = elem;
								while ( (node = node[ dir ]) ) {
									if ( ofType ? node.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name : node.nodeType === 1 ) {
										return false;
									}
								}
								// Reverse direction for :only-* (if we haven't yet done so)
								start = dir = type === "only" && !start && "nextSibling";
							}
							return true;
						}

						start = [ forward ? parent.firstChild : parent.lastChild ];

						// non-xml :nth-child(...) stores cache data on `parent`
						if ( forward && useCache ) {
							// Seek `elem` from a previously-cached index
							outerCache = parent[ expando ] || (parent[ expando ] = {});
							cache = outerCache[ type ] || [];
							nodeIndex = cache[0] === dirruns && cache[1];
							diff = cache[0] === dirruns && cache[2];
							node = nodeIndex && parent.childNodes[ nodeIndex ];

							while ( (node = ++nodeIndex && node && node[ dir ] ||

								// Fallback to seeking `elem` from the start
								(diff = nodeIndex = 0) || start.pop()) ) {

								// When found, cache indexes on `parent` and break
								if ( node.nodeType === 1 && ++diff && node === elem ) {
									outerCache[ type ] = [ dirruns, nodeIndex, diff ];
									break;
								}
							}

						// Use previously-cached element index if available
						} else if ( useCache && (cache = (elem[ expando ] || (elem[ expando ] = {}))[ type ]) && cache[0] === dirruns ) {
							diff = cache[1];

						// xml :nth-child(...) or :nth-last-child(...) or :nth(-last)?-of-type(...)
						} else {
							// Use the same loop as above to seek `elem` from the start
							while ( (node = ++nodeIndex && node && node[ dir ] ||
								(diff = nodeIndex = 0) || start.pop()) ) {

								if ( ( ofType ? node.nodeName.toLowerCase() === name : node.nodeType === 1 ) && ++diff ) {
									// Cache the index of each encountered element
									if ( useCache ) {
										(node[ expando ] || (node[ expando ] = {}))[ type ] = [ dirruns, diff ];
									}

									if ( node === elem ) {
										break;
									}
								}
							}
						}

						// Incorporate the offset, then check against cycle size
						diff -= last;
						return diff === first || ( diff % first === 0 && diff / first >= 0 );
					}
				};
		},

		"PSEUDO": function( pseudo, argument ) {
			// pseudo-class names are case-insensitive
			// http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#pseudo-classes
			// Prioritize by case sensitivity in case custom pseudos are added with uppercase letters
			// Remember that setFilters inherits from pseudos
			var args,
				fn = Expr.pseudos[ pseudo ] || Expr.setFilters[ pseudo.toLowerCase() ] ||
					Sizzle.error( "unsupported pseudo: " + pseudo );

			// The user may use createPseudo to indicate that
			// arguments are needed to create the filter function
			// just as Sizzle does
			if ( fn[ expando ] ) {
				return fn( argument );
			}

			// But maintain support for old signatures
			if ( fn.length > 1 ) {
				args = [ pseudo, pseudo, "", argument ];
				return Expr.setFilters.hasOwnProperty( pseudo.toLowerCase() ) ?
					markFunction(function( seed, matches ) {
						var idx,
							matched = fn( seed, argument ),
							i = matched.length;
						while ( i-- ) {
							idx = indexOf.call( seed, matched[i] );
							seed[ idx ] = !( matches[ idx ] = matched[i] );
						}
					}) :
					function( elem ) {
						return fn( elem, 0, args );
					};
			}

			return fn;
		}
	},

	pseudos: {
		// Potentially complex pseudos
		"not": markFunction(function( selector ) {
			// Trim the selector passed to compile
			// to avoid treating leading and trailing
			// spaces as combinators
			var input = [],
				results = [],
				matcher = compile( selector.replace( rtrim, "$1" ) );

			return matcher[ expando ] ?
				markFunction(function( seed, matches, context, xml ) {
					var elem,
						unmatched = matcher( seed, null, xml, [] ),
						i = seed.length;

					// Match elements unmatched by `matcher`
					while ( i-- ) {
						if ( (elem = unmatched[i]) ) {
							seed[i] = !(matches[i] = elem);
						}
					}
				}) :
				function( elem, context, xml ) {
					input[0] = elem;
					matcher( input, null, xml, results );
					return !results.pop();
				};
		}),

		"has": markFunction(function( selector ) {
			return function( elem ) {
				return Sizzle( selector, elem ).length > 0;
			};
		}),

		"contains": markFunction(function( text ) {
			return function( elem ) {
				return ( elem.textContent || elem.innerText || getText( elem ) ).indexOf( text ) > -1;
			};
		}),

		// "Whether an element is represented by a :lang() selector
		// is based solely on the element's language value
		// being equal to the identifier C,
		// or beginning with the identifier C immediately followed by "-".
		// The matching of C against the element's language value is performed case-insensitively.
		// The identifier C does not have to be a valid language name."
		// http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#lang-pseudo
		"lang": markFunction( function( lang ) {
			// lang value must be a valid identifier
			if ( !ridentifier.test(lang || "") ) {
				Sizzle.error( "unsupported lang: " + lang );
			}
			lang = lang.replace( runescape, funescape ).toLowerCase();
			return function( elem ) {
				var elemLang;
				do {
					if ( (elemLang = documentIsHTML ?
						elem.lang :
						elem.getAttribute("xml:lang") || elem.getAttribute("lang")) ) {

						elemLang = elemLang.toLowerCase();
						return elemLang === lang || elemLang.indexOf( lang + "-" ) === 0;
					}
				} while ( (elem = elem.parentNode) && elem.nodeType === 1 );
				return false;
			};
		}),

		// Miscellaneous
		"target": function( elem ) {
			var hash = window.location && window.location.hash;
			return hash && hash.slice( 1 ) === elem.id;
		},

		"root": function( elem ) {
			return elem === docElem;
		},

		"focus": function( elem ) {
			return elem === document.activeElement && (!document.hasFocus || document.hasFocus()) && !!(elem.type || elem.href || ~elem.tabIndex);
		},

		// Boolean properties
		"enabled": function( elem ) {
			return elem.disabled === false;
		},

		"disabled": function( elem ) {
			return elem.disabled === true;
		},

		"checked": function( elem ) {
			// In CSS3, :checked should return both checked and selected elements
			// http://www.w3.org/TR/2011/REC-css3-selectors-20110929/#checked
			var nodeName = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase();
			return (nodeName === "input" && !!elem.checked) || (nodeName === "option" && !!elem.selected);
		},

		"selected": function( elem ) {
			// Accessing this property makes selected-by-default
			// options in Safari work properly
			if ( elem.parentNode ) {
				elem.parentNode.selectedIndex;
			}

			return elem.selected === true;
		},

		// Contents
		"empty": function( elem ) {
			// http://www.w3.org/TR/selectors/#empty-pseudo
			// :empty is negated by element (1) or content nodes (text: 3; cdata: 4; entity ref: 5),
			//   but not by others (comment: 8; processing instruction: 7; etc.)
			// nodeType < 6 works because attributes (2) do not appear as children
			for ( elem = elem.firstChild; elem; elem = elem.nextSibling ) {
				if ( elem.nodeType < 6 ) {
					return false;
				}
			}
			return true;
		},

		"parent": function( elem ) {
			return !Expr.pseudos["empty"]( elem );
		},

		// Element/input types
		"header": function( elem ) {
			return rheader.test( elem.nodeName );
		},

		"input": function( elem ) {
			return rinputs.test( elem.nodeName );
		},

		"button": function( elem ) {
			var name = elem.nodeName.toLowerCase();
			return name === "input" && elem.type === "button" || name === "button";
		},

		"text": function( elem ) {
			var attr;
			return elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "input" &&
				elem.type === "text" &&

				// Support: IE<8
				// New HTML5 attribute values (e.g., "search") appear with elem.type === "text"
				( (attr = elem.getAttribute("type")) == null || attr.toLowerCase() === "text" );
		},

		// Position-in-collection
		"first": createPositionalPseudo(function() {
			return [ 0 ];
		}),

		"last": createPositionalPseudo(function( matchIndexes, length ) {
			return [ length - 1 ];
		}),

		"eq": createPositionalPseudo(function( matchIndexes, length, argument ) {
			return [ argument < 0 ? argument + length : argument ];
		}),

		"even": createPositionalPseudo(function( matchIndexes, length ) {
			var i = 0;
			for ( ; i < length; i += 2 ) {
				matchIndexes.push( i );
			}
			return matchIndexes;
		}),

		"odd": createPositionalPseudo(function( matchIndexes, length ) {
			var i = 1;
			for ( ; i < length; i += 2 ) {
				matchIndexes.push( i );
			}
			return matchIndexes;
		}),

		"lt": createPositionalPseudo(function( matchIndexes, length, argument ) {
			var i = argument < 0 ? argument + length : argument;
			for ( ; --i >= 0; ) {
				matchIndexes.push( i );
			}
			return matchIndexes;
		}),

		"gt": createPositionalPseudo(function( matchIndexes, length, argument ) {
			var i = argument < 0 ? argument + length : argument;
			for ( ; ++i < length; ) {
				matchIndexes.push( i );
			}
			return matchIndexes;
		})
	}
};

Expr.pseudos["nth"] = Expr.pseudos["eq"];

// Add button/input type pseudos
for ( i in { radio: true, checkbox: true, file: true, password: true, image: true } ) {
	Expr.pseudos[ i ] = createInputPseudo( i );
}
for ( i in { submit: true, reset: true } ) {
	Expr.pseudos[ i ] = createButtonPseudo( i );
}

// Easy API for creating new setFilters
function setFilters() {}
setFilters.prototype = Expr.filters = Expr.pseudos;
Expr.setFilters = new setFilters();

tokenize = Sizzle.tokenize = function( selector, parseOnly ) {
	var matched, match, tokens, type,
		soFar, groups, preFilters,
		cached = tokenCache[ selector + " " ];

	if ( cached ) {
		return parseOnly ? 0 : cached.slice( 0 );
	}

	soFar = selector;
	groups = [];
	preFilters = Expr.preFilter;

	while ( soFar ) {

		// Comma and first run
		if ( !matched || (match = rcomma.exec( soFar )) ) {
			if ( match ) {
				// Don't consume trailing commas as valid
				soFar = soFar.slice( match[0].length ) || soFar;
			}
			groups.push( (tokens = []) );
		}

		matched = false;

		// Combinators
		if ( (match = rcombinators.exec( soFar )) ) {
			matched = match.shift();
			tokens.push({
				value: matched,
				// Cast descendant combinators to space
				type: match[0].replace( rtrim, " " )
			});
			soFar = soFar.slice( matched.length );
		}

		// Filters
		for ( type in Expr.filter ) {
			if ( (match = matchExpr[ type ].exec( soFar )) && (!preFilters[ type ] ||
				(match = preFilters[ type ]( match ))) ) {
				matched = match.shift();
				tokens.push({
					value: matched,
					type: type,
					matches: match
				});
				soFar = soFar.slice( matched.length );
			}
		}

		if ( !matched ) {
			break;
		}
	}

	// Return the length of the invalid excess
	// if we're just parsing
	// Otherwise, throw an error or return tokens
	return parseOnly ?
		soFar.length :
		soFar ?
			Sizzle.error( selector ) :
			// Cache the tokens
			tokenCache( selector, groups ).slice( 0 );
};

function toSelector( tokens ) {
	var i = 0,
		len = tokens.length,
		selector = "";
	for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
		selector += tokens[i].value;
	}
	return selector;
}

function addCombinator( matcher, combinator, base ) {
	var dir = combinator.dir,
		checkNonElements = base && dir === "parentNode",
		doneName = done++;

	return combinator.first ?
		// Check against closest ancestor/preceding element
		function( elem, context, xml ) {
			while ( (elem = elem[ dir ]) ) {
				if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) {
					return matcher( elem, context, xml );
				}
			}
		} :

		// Check against all ancestor/preceding elements
		function( elem, context, xml ) {
			var oldCache, outerCache,
				newCache = [ dirruns, doneName ];

			// We can't set arbitrary data on XML nodes, so they don't benefit from dir caching
			if ( xml ) {
				while ( (elem = elem[ dir ]) ) {
					if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) {
						if ( matcher( elem, context, xml ) ) {
							return true;
						}
					}
				}
			} else {
				while ( (elem = elem[ dir ]) ) {
					if ( elem.nodeType === 1 || checkNonElements ) {
						outerCache = elem[ expando ] || (elem[ expando ] = {});
						if ( (oldCache = outerCache[ dir ]) &&
							oldCache[ 0 ] === dirruns && oldCache[ 1 ] === doneName ) {

							// Assign to newCache so results back-propagate to previous elements
							return (newCache[ 2 ] = oldCache[ 2 ]);
						} else {
							// Reuse newcache so results back-propagate to previous elements
							outerCache[ dir ] = newCache;

							// A match means we're done; a fail means we have to keep checking
							if ( (newCache[ 2 ] = matcher( elem, context, xml )) ) {
								return true;
							}
						}
					}
				}
			}
		};
}

function elementMatcher( matchers ) {
	return matchers.length > 1 ?
		function( elem, context, xml ) {
			var i = matchers.length;
			while ( i-- ) {
				if ( !matchers[i]( elem, context, xml ) ) {
					return false;
				}
			}
			return true;
		} :
		matchers[0];
}

function multipleContexts( selector, contexts, results ) {
	var i = 0,
		len = contexts.length;
	for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
		Sizzle( selector, contexts[i], results );
	}
	return results;
}

function condense( unmatched, map, filter, context, xml ) {
	var elem,
		newUnmatched = [],
		i = 0,
		len = unmatched.length,
		mapped = map != null;

	for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
		if ( (elem = unmatched[i]) ) {
			if ( !filter || filter( elem, context, xml ) ) {
				newUnmatched.push( elem );
				if ( mapped ) {
					map.push( i );
				}
			}
		}
	}

	return newUnmatched;
}

function setMatcher( preFilter, selector, matcher, postFilter, postFinder, postSelector ) {
	if ( postFilter && !postFilter[ expando ] ) {
		postFilter = setMatcher( postFilter );
	}
	if ( postFinder && !postFinder[ expando ] ) {
		postFinder = setMatcher( postFinder, postSelector );
	}
	return markFunction(function( seed, results, context, xml ) {
		var temp, i, elem,
			preMap = [],
			postMap = [],
			preexisting = results.length,

			// Get initial elements from seed or context
			elems = seed || multipleContexts( selector || "*", context.nodeType ? [ context ] : context, [] ),

			// Prefilter to get matcher input, preserving a map for seed-results synchronization
			matcherIn = preFilter && ( seed || !selector ) ?
				condense( elems, preMap, preFilter, context, xml ) :
				elems,

			matcherOut = matcher ?
				// If we have a postFinder, or filtered seed, or non-seed postFilter or preexisting results,
				postFinder || ( seed ? preFilter : preexisting || postFilter ) ?

					// ...intermediate processing is necessary
					[] :

					// ...otherwise use results directly
					results :
				matcherIn;

		// Find primary matches
		if ( matcher ) {
			matcher( matcherIn, matcherOut, context, xml );
		}

		// Apply postFilter
		if ( postFilter ) {
			temp = condense( matcherOut, postMap );
			postFilter( temp, [], context, xml );

			// Un-match failing elements by moving them back to matcherIn
			i = temp.length;
			while ( i-- ) {
				if ( (elem = temp[i]) ) {
					matcherOut[ postMap[i] ] = !(matcherIn[ postMap[i] ] = elem);
				}
			}
		}

		if ( seed ) {
			if ( postFinder || preFilter ) {
				if ( postFinder ) {
					// Get the final matcherOut by condensing this intermediate into postFinder contexts
					temp = [];
					i = matcherOut.length;
					while ( i-- ) {
						if ( (elem = matcherOut[i]) ) {
							// Restore matcherIn since elem is not yet a final match
							temp.push( (matcherIn[i] = elem) );
						}
					}
					postFinder( null, (matcherOut = []), temp, xml );
				}

				// Move matched elements from seed to results to keep them synchronized
				i = matcherOut.length;
				while ( i-- ) {
					if ( (elem = matcherOut[i]) &&
						(temp = postFinder ? indexOf.call( seed, elem ) : preMap[i]) > -1 ) {

						seed[temp] = !(results[temp] = elem);
					}
				}
			}

		// Add elements to results, through postFinder if defined
		} else {
			matcherOut = condense(
				matcherOut === results ?
					matcherOut.splice( preexisting, matcherOut.length ) :
					matcherOut
			);
			if ( postFinder ) {
				postFinder( null, results, matcherOut, xml );
			} else {
				push.apply( results, matcherOut );
			}
		}
	});
}

function matcherFromTokens( tokens ) {
	var checkContext, matcher, j,
		len = tokens.length,
		leadingRelative = Expr.relative[ tokens[0].type ],
		implicitRelative = leadingRelative || Expr.relative[" "],
		i = leadingRelative ? 1 : 0,

		// The foundational matcher ensures that elements are reachable from top-level context(s)
		matchContext = addCombinator( function( elem ) {
			return elem === checkContext;
		}, implicitRelative, true ),
		matchAnyContext = addCombinator( function( elem ) {
			return indexOf.call( checkContext, elem ) > -1;
		}, implicitRelative, true ),
		matchers = [ function( elem, context, xml ) {
			return ( !leadingRelative && ( xml || context !== outermostContext ) ) || (
				(checkContext = context).nodeType ?
					matchContext( elem, context, xml ) :
					matchAnyContext( elem, context, xml ) );
		} ];

	for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
		if ( (matcher = Expr.relative[ tokens[i].type ]) ) {
			matchers = [ addCombinator(elementMatcher( matchers ), matcher) ];
		} else {
			matcher = Expr.filter[ tokens[i].type ].apply( null, tokens[i].matches );

			// Return special upon seeing a positional matcher
			if ( matcher[ expando ] ) {
				// Find the next relative operator (if any) for proper handling
				j = ++i;
				for ( ; j < len; j++ ) {
					if ( Expr.relative[ tokens[j].type ] ) {
						break;
					}
				}
				return setMatcher(
					i > 1 && elementMatcher( matchers ),
					i > 1 && toSelector(
						// If the preceding token was a descendant combinator, insert an implicit any-element `*`
						tokens.slice( 0, i - 1 ).concat({ value: tokens[ i - 2 ].type === " " ? "*" : "" })
					).replace( rtrim, "$1" ),
					matcher,
					i < j && matcherFromTokens( tokens.slice( i, j ) ),
					j < len && matcherFromTokens( (tokens = tokens.slice( j )) ),
					j < len && toSelector( tokens )
				);
			}
			matchers.push( matcher );
		}
	}

	return elementMatcher( matchers );
}

function matcherFromGroupMatchers( elementMatchers, setMatchers ) {
	var bySet = setMatchers.length > 0,
		byElement = elementMatchers.length > 0,
		superMatcher = function( seed, context, xml, results, outermost ) {
			var elem, j, matcher,
				matchedCount = 0,
				i = "0",
				unmatched = seed && [],
				setMatched = [],
				contextBackup = outermostContext,
				// We must always have either seed elements or outermost context
				elems = seed || byElement && Expr.find["TAG"]( "*", outermost ),
				// Use integer dirruns iff this is the outermost matcher
				dirrunsUnique = (dirruns += contextBackup == null ? 1 : Math.random() || 0.1),
				len = elems.length;

			if ( outermost ) {
				outermostContext = context !== document && context;
			}

			// Add elements passing elementMatchers directly to results
			// Keep `i` a string if there are no elements so `matchedCount` will be "00" below
			// Support: IE<9, Safari
			// Tolerate NodeList properties (IE: "length"; Safari: <number>) matching elements by id
			for ( ; i !== len && (elem = elems[i]) != null; i++ ) {
				if ( byElement && elem ) {
					j = 0;
					while ( (matcher = elementMatchers[j++]) ) {
						if ( matcher( elem, context, xml ) ) {
							results.push( elem );
							break;
						}
					}
					if ( outermost ) {
						dirruns = dirrunsUnique;
					}
				}

				// Track unmatched elements for set filters
				if ( bySet ) {
					// They will have gone through all possible matchers
					if ( (elem = !matcher && elem) ) {
						matchedCount--;
					}

					// Lengthen the array for every element, matched or not
					if ( seed ) {
						unmatched.push( elem );
					}
				}
			}

			// Apply set filters to unmatched elements
			matchedCount += i;
			if ( bySet && i !== matchedCount ) {
				j = 0;
				while ( (matcher = setMatchers[j++]) ) {
					matcher( unmatched, setMatched, context, xml );
				}

				if ( seed ) {
					// Reintegrate element matches to eliminate the need for sorting
					if ( matchedCount > 0 ) {
						while ( i-- ) {
							if ( !(unmatched[i] || setMatched[i]) ) {
								setMatched[i] = pop.call( results );
							}
						}
					}

					// Discard index placeholder values to get only actual matches
					setMatched = condense( setMatched );
				}

				// Add matches to results
				push.apply( results, setMatched );

				// Seedless set matches succeeding multiple successful matchers stipulate sorting
				if ( outermost && !seed && setMatched.length > 0 &&
					( matchedCount + setMatchers.length ) > 1 ) {

					Sizzle.uniqueSort( results );
				}
			}

			// Override manipulation of globals by nested matchers
			if ( outermost ) {
				dirruns = dirrunsUnique;
				outermostContext = contextBackup;
			}

			return unmatched;
		};

	return bySet ?
		markFunction( superMatcher ) :
		superMatcher;
}

compile = Sizzle.compile = function( selector, match /* Internal Use Only */ ) {
	var i,
		setMatchers = [],
		elementMatchers = [],
		cached = compilerCache[ selector + " " ];

	if ( !cached ) {
		// Generate a function of recursive functions that can be used to check each element
		if ( !match ) {
			match = tokenize( selector );
		}
		i = match.length;
		while ( i-- ) {
			cached = matcherFromTokens( match[i] );
			if ( cached[ expando ] ) {
				setMatchers.push( cached );
			} else {
				elementMatchers.push( cached );
			}
		}

		// Cache the compiled function
		cached = compilerCache( selector, matcherFromGroupMatchers( elementMatchers, setMatchers ) );

		// Save selector and tokenization
		cached.selector = selector;
	}
	return cached;
};

/**
 * A low-level selection function that works with Sizzle's compiled
 *  selector functions
 * @param {String|Function} selector A selector or a pre-compiled
 *  selector function built with Sizzle.compile
 * @param {Element} context
 * @param {Array} [results]
 * @param {Array} [seed] A set of elements to match against
 */
select = Sizzle.select = function( selector, context, results, seed ) {
	var i, tokens, token, type, find,
		compiled = typeof selector === "function" && selector,
		match = !seed && tokenize( (selector = compiled.selector || selector) );

	results = results || [];

	// Try to minimize operations if there is no seed and only one group
	if ( match.length === 1 ) {

		// Take a shortcut and set the context if the root selector is an ID
		tokens = match[0] = match[0].slice( 0 );
		if ( tokens.length > 2 && (token = tokens[0]).type === "ID" &&
				support.getById && context.nodeType === 9 && documentIsHTML &&
				Expr.relative[ tokens[1].type ] ) {

			context = ( Expr.find["ID"]( token.matches[0].replace(runescape, funescape), context ) || [] )[0];
			if ( !context ) {
				return results;

			// Precompiled matchers will still verify ancestry, so step up a level
			} else if ( compiled ) {
				context = context.parentNode;
			}

			selector = selector.slice( tokens.shift().value.length );
		}

		// Fetch a seed set for right-to-left matching
		i = matchExpr["needsContext"].test( selector ) ? 0 : tokens.length;
		while ( i-- ) {
			token = tokens[i];

			// Abort if we hit a combinator
			if ( Expr.relative[ (type = token.type) ] ) {
				break;
			}
			if ( (find = Expr.find[ type ]) ) {
				// Search, expanding context for leading sibling combinators
				if ( (seed = find(
					token.matches[0].replace( runescape, funescape ),
					rsibling.test( tokens[0].type ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) || context
				)) ) {

					// If seed is empty or no tokens remain, we can return early
					tokens.splice( i, 1 );
					selector = seed.length && toSelector( tokens );
					if ( !selector ) {
						push.apply( results, seed );
						return results;
					}

					break;
				}
			}
		}
	}

	// Compile and execute a filtering function if one is not provided
	// Provide `match` to avoid retokenization if we modified the selector above
	( compiled || compile( selector, match ) )(
		seed,
		context,
		!documentIsHTML,
		results,
		rsibling.test( selector ) && testContext( context.parentNode ) || context
	);
	return results;
};

// One-time assignments

// Sort stability
support.sortStable = expando.split("").sort( sortOrder ).join("") === expando;

// Support: Chrome<14
// Always assume duplicates if they aren't passed to the comparison function
support.detectDuplicates = !!hasDuplicate;

// Initialize against the default document
setDocument();

// Support: Webkit<537.32 - Safari 6.0.3/Chrome 25 (fixed in Chrome 27)
// Detached nodes confoundingly follow *each other*
support.sortDetached = assert(function( div1 ) {
	// Should return 1, but returns 4 (following)
	return div1.compareDocumentPosition( document.createElement("div") ) & 1;
});

// Support: IE<8
// Prevent attribute/property "interpolation"
// http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms536429%28VS.85%29.aspx
if ( !assert(function( div ) {
	div.innerHTML = "<a href='#'></a>";
	return div.firstChild.getAttribute("href") === "#" ;
}) ) {
	addHandle( "type|href|height|width", function( elem, name, isXML ) {
		if ( !isXML ) {
			return elem.getAttribute( name, name.toLowerCase() === "type" ? 1 : 2 );
		}
	});
}

// Support: IE<9
// Use defaultValue in place of getAttribute("value")
if ( !support.attributes || !assert(function( div ) {
	div.innerHTML = "<input/>";
	div.firstChild.setAttribute( "value", "" );
	return div.firstChild.getAttribute( "value" ) === "";
}) ) {
	addHandle( "value", function( elem, name, isXML ) {
		if ( !isXML && elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() === "input" ) {
			return elem.defaultValue;
		}
	});
}

// Support: IE<9
// Use getAttributeNode to fetch booleans when getAttribute lies
if ( !assert(function( div ) {
	return div.getAttribute("disabled") == null;
}) ) {
	addHandle( booleans, function( elem, name, isXML ) {
		var val;
		if ( !isXML ) {
			return elem[ name ] === true ? name.toLowerCase() :
					(val = elem.getAttributeNode( name )) && val.specified ?
					val.value :
				null;
		}
	});
}

return Sizzle;

})( window );


jQuery.find = Sizzle;
jQuery.expr = Sizzle.selectors;
jQuery.expr[":"] = jQuery.expr.pseudos;
jQuery.unique = Sizzle.uniqueSort;
jQuery.text = Sizzle.getText;
jQuery.isXMLDoc = Sizzle.isXML;
jQuery.contains = Sizzle.contains;


var rneedsContext = jQuery.expr.match.needsContext;

var rsingleTag = (/^<(\w+)\s*\/?>(?:<\/\1>|)$/);


var risSimple = /^.[^:#\[\.,]*$/;

// Implement the identical functionality for filter and not
function winnow( elements, qualifier, not ) {
	if ( jQuery.isFunction( qualifier ) ) {
		return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem, i ) {
			/* jshint -W018 */
			return !!qualifier.call( elem, i, elem ) !== not;
		});

	}

	if ( qualifier.nodeType ) {
		return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem ) {
			return ( elem === qualifier ) !== not;
		});

	}

	if ( typeof qualifier === "string" ) {
		if ( risSimple.test( qualifier ) ) {
			return jQuery.filter( qualifier, elements, not );
		}

		qualifier = jQuery.filter( qualifier, elements );
	}

	return jQuery.grep( elements, function( elem ) {
		return ( jQuery.inArray( elem, qualifier ) >= 0 ) !== not;
	});
}

jQuery.filter = function( expr, elems, not ) {
	var elem = elems[ 0 ];

	if ( not ) {
		expr = ":not(" + expr + ")";
	}

	return elems.length === 1 && elem.nodeType === 1 ?
		jQuery.find.matchesSelector( elem, expr ) ? [ elem ] : [] :
		jQuery.find.matches( expr, jQuery.grep( elems, function( elem ) {
			return elem.nodeType === 1;
		}));
};

jQuery.fn.extend({
	find: function( selector ) {
		var i,
			ret = [],
			self = this,
			len = self.length;

		if ( typeof selector !== "string" ) {
			return this.pushStack( jQuery( selector ).filter(function() {
				for ( i = 0; i < len; i++ ) {
					if ( jQuery.contains( self[ i ], this ) ) {
						return true;
					}
				}
			}) );
		}

		for ( i = 0; i < len; i++ ) {
			jQuery.find( selector, self[ i ], ret );
		}

		// Needed because $( selector, context ) becomes $( context ).find( selector )
		ret = this.pushStack( len > 1 ? jQuery.unique( ret ) : ret );
		ret.selector = this.selector ? this.selector + " " + selector : selector;
		return ret;
	},
	filter: function( selector ) {
		return this.pushStack( winnow(this, selector || [], false) );
	},
	not: function( selector ) {
		return this.pushStack( winnow(this, selector || [], true) );
	},
	is: function( selector ) {
		return !!winnow(
			this,

			// If this is a positional/relative selector, check membership in the returned set
			// so $("p:first").is("p:last") won't return true for a doc with two "p".
			typeof selector === "string" && rneedsContext.test( selector ) ?
				jQuery( selector ) :
				selector || [],
			false
		).length;
	}
});


// Initialize a jQuery object


// A central reference to the root jQuery(document)
var rootjQuery,

	// Use the correct document accordingly with window argument (sandbox)
	document = window.document,

	// A simple way to check for HTML strings
	// Prioritize #id over <tag> to avoid XSS via location.hash (#9521)
	// Strict HTML recognition (#11290: must start with <)
	rquickExpr = /^(?:\s*(<[\w\W]+>)[^>]*|#([\w-]*))$/,

	init = jQuery.fn.init = function( selector, context ) {
		var match, elem;

		// HANDLE: $(""), $(null), $(undefined), $(false)
		if ( !selector ) {
			return this;
		}

		// Handle HTML strings
		if ( typeof selector === "string" ) {
			if ( selector.charAt(0) === "<" && selector.charAt( selector.length - 1 ) === ">" && selector.length >= 3 ) {
				// Assume that strings that start and end with <> are HTML and skip the regex check
				match = [ null, selector, null ];

			} else {
				match = rquickExpr.exec( selector );
			}

			// Match html or make sure no context is specified for #id
			if ( match && (match[1] || !context) ) {

				// HANDLE: $(html) -> $(array)
				if ( match[1] ) {
					context = context instanceof jQuery ? context[0] : context;

					// scripts is true for back-compat
					// Intentionally let the error be thrown if parseHTML is not present
					jQuery.merge( this, jQuery.parseHTML(
						match[1],
						context && context.nodeType ? context.ownerDocument || context : document,
						true
					) );

					// HANDLE: $(html, props)
					if ( rsingleTag.test( match[1] ) && jQuery.isPlainObject( context ) ) {
						for ( match in context ) {
							// Properties of context are called as methods if possible
							if ( jQuery.isFunction( this[ match ] ) ) {
								this[ match ]( context[ match ] );

							// ...and otherwise set as attributes
							} else {
								this.attr( match, context[ match ] );
							}
						}
					}

					return this;

				// HANDLE: $(#id)
				} else {
					elem = document.getElementById( match[2] );

					// Check parentNode to catch when Blackberry 4.6 returns
					// nodes that are no longer in the document #6963
					if ( elem && elem.parentNode ) {
						// Handle the case where IE and Opera return items
						// by name instead of ID
						if ( elem.id !== match[2] ) {
							return rootjQuery.find( selector );
						}

						// Otherwise, we inject the element directly into the jQuery object
						this.length = 1;
						this[0] = elem;
					}

					this.context = document;
					this.selector = selector;
					return this;
				}

			// HANDLE: $(expr, $(...))
			} else if ( !context || context.jquery ) {
				return ( context || rootjQuery ).find( selector );

			// HANDLE: $(expr, context)
			// (which is just equivalent to: $(context).find(expr)
			} else {
				return this.constructor( context ).find( selector );
			}

		// HANDLE: $(DOMElement)
		} else if ( selector.nodeType ) {
			this.context = this[0] = selector;
			this.length = 1;
			return this;

		// HANDLE: $(function)
		// Shortcut for document ready
		} else if ( jQuery.isFunction( selector ) ) {
			return typeof rootjQuery.ready !== "undefined" ?
				rootjQuery.ready( selector ) :
				// Execute immediately if ready is not present
				selector( jQuery );
		}

		if ( selector.selector !== undefined ) {
			this.selector = selector.selector;
			this.context = selector.context;
		}

		return jQuery.makeArray( selector, this );
	};

// Give the init function the jQuery prototype for later instantiation
init.prototype = jQuery.fn;

// Initialize central reference
rootjQuery = jQuery( document );


var rparentsprev = /^(?:parents|prev(?:Until|All))/,
	// methods guaranteed to produce a unique set when starting from a unique set
	guaranteedUnique = {
		children: true,
		contents: true,
		next: true,
		prev: true
	};

jQuery.extend({
	dir: function( elem, dir, until ) {
		var matched = [],
			cur = elem[ dir ];

		while ( cur && cur.nodeType !== 9 && (until === undefined || cur.nodeType !== 1 || !jQuery( cur ).is( until )) ) {
			if ( cur.nodeType === 1 ) {
				matched.push( cur );
			}
			cur = cur[dir];
		}
		return matched;
	},

	sibling: function( n, elem ) {
		var r = [];

		for ( ; n; n = n.nextSibling ) {
			if ( n.nodeType === 1 && n !== elem ) {
				r.push( n );
			}
		}

		return r;
	}
});

jQuery.fn.extend({
	has: function( target ) {
		var i,
			targets = jQuery( target, this ),
			len = targets.length;

		return this.filter(function() {
			for ( i = 0; i < len; i++ ) {
				if ( jQuery.contains( this, targets[i] ) ) {
					return true;
				}
			}
		});
	},

	closest: function( selectors, context ) {
		var cur,
			i = 0,
			l = this.length,
			matched = [],
			pos = rneedsContext.test( selectors ) || typeof selectors !== "string" ?
				jQuery( selectors, context || this.context ) :
				0;

		for ( ; i < l; i++ ) {
			for ( cur = this[i]; cur && cur !== context; cur = cur.parentNode ) {
				// Always skip document fragments
				if ( cur.nodeType < 11 && (pos ?
					pos.index(cur) > -1 :

					// Don't pass non-elements to Sizzle
					cur.nodeType === 1 &&
						jQuery.find.matchesSelector(cur, selectors)) ) {

					matched.push( cur );
					break;
				}
			}
		}

		return this.pushStack( matched.length > 1 ? jQuery.unique( matched ) : matched );
	},

	// Determine the position of an element within
	// the matched set of elements
	index: function( elem ) {

		// No argument, return index in parent
		if ( !elem ) {
			return ( this[0] && this[0].parentNode ) ? this.first().prevAll().length : -1;
		}

		// index in selector
		if ( typeof elem === "string" ) {
			return jQuery.inArray( this[0], jQuery( elem ) );
		}

		// Locate the position of the desired element
		return jQuery.inArray(
			// If it receives a jQuery object, the first element is used
			elem.jquery ? elem[0] : elem, this );
	},

	add: function( selector, context ) {
		return this.pushStack(
			jQuery.unique(
				jQuery.merge( this.get(), jQuery( selector, context ) )
			)
		);
	},

	addBack: function( selector ) {
		return this.add( selector == null ?
			this.prevObject : this.prevObject.filter(selector)
		);
	}
});

function sibling( cur, dir ) {
	do {
		cur = cur[ dir ];
	} while ( cur && cur.nodeType !== 1 );

	return cur;
}

jQuery.each({
	parent: function( elem ) {
		var parent = elem.parentNode;
		return parent && parent.nodeType !== 11 ? parent : null;
	},
	parents: function( elem ) {
		return jQuery.dir( elem, "parentNode" );
	},
	parentsUntil: function( elem, i, until ) {
		return jQuery.dir( elem, "parentNode", until );
	},
	next: function( elem ) {
		return sibling( elem, "nextSibling" );
	},
	prev: function( elem ) {
		return sibling( elem, "previousSibling" );
	},
	nextAll: function( elem ) {
		return jQuery.dir( elem, "nextSibling" );
	},
	prevAll: function( elem ) {
		return jQuery.dir( elem, "previousSibling" );
	},
	nextUntil: function( elem, i, until ) {
		return jQuery.dir( elem, "nextSibling", until );
	},
	prevUntil: function( elem, i, until ) {
		return jQuery.dir( elem, "previousSibling", until );
	},
	siblings: function( elem ) {
		return jQuery.sibling( ( elem.parentNode || {} ).firstChild, elem );
	},
	children: function( elem ) {
		return jQuery.sibling( elem.firstChild );
	},
	contents: function( elem ) {
		return jQuery.nodeName( elem, "iframe" ) ?
			elem.contentDocument || elem.contentWindow.document :
			jQuery.merge( [], elem.childNodes );
	}
}, function( name, fn ) {
	jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( until, selector ) {
		var ret = jQuery.map( this, fn, until );

		if ( name.slice( -5 ) !== "Until" ) {
			selector = until;
		}

		if ( selector && typeof selector === "string" ) {
			ret = jQuery.filter( selector, ret );
		}

		if ( this.length > 1 ) {
			// Remove duplicates
			if ( !guaranteedUnique[ name ] ) {
				ret = jQuery.unique( ret );
			}

			// Reverse order for parents* and prev-derivatives
			if ( rparentsprev.test( name ) ) {
				ret = ret.reverse();
			}
		}

		return this.pushStack( ret );
	};
});
var rnotwhite = (/\S+/g);


// String to Object options format cache
var optionsCache = {};

// Convert String-formatted options into Object-formatted ones and store in cache
function createOptions( options ) {
	var object = optionsCache[ options ] = {};
	jQuery.each( options.match( rnotwhite ) || [], function( _, flag ) {
		object[ flag ] = true;
	});
	return object;
}

/*
 * Create a callback list using the following parameters:
 *
 *	options: an optional list of space-separated options that will change how
 *			the callback list behaves or a more traditional option object
 *
 * By default a callback list will act like an event callback list and can be
 * "fired" multiple times.
 *
 * Possible options:
 *
 *	once:			will ensure the callback list can only be fired once (like a Deferred)
 *
 *	memory:			will keep track of previous values and will call any callback added
 *					after the list has been fired right away with the latest "memorized"
 *					values (like a Deferred)
 *
 *	unique:			will ensure a callback can only be added once (no duplicate in the list)
 *
 *	stopOnFalse:	interrupt callings when a callback returns false
 *
 */
jQuery.Callbacks = function( options ) {

	// Convert options from String-formatted to Object-formatted if needed
	// (we check in cache first)
	options = typeof options === "string" ?
		( optionsCache[ options ] || createOptions( options ) ) :
		jQuery.extend( {}, options );

	var // Flag to know if list is currently firing
		firing,
		// Last fire value (for non-forgettable lists)
		memory,
		// Flag to know if list was already fired
		fired,
		// End of the loop when firing
		firingLength,
		// Index of currently firing callback (modified by remove if needed)
		firingIndex,
		// First callback to fire (used internally by add and fireWith)
		firingStart,
		// Actual callback list
		list = [],
		// Stack of fire calls for repeatable lists
		stack = !options.once && [],
		// Fire callbacks
		fire = function( data ) {
			memory = options.memory && data;
			fired = true;
			firingIndex = firingStart || 0;
			firingStart = 0;
			firingLength = list.length;
			firing = true;
			for ( ; list && firingIndex < firingLength; firingIndex++ ) {
				if ( list[ firingIndex ].apply( data[ 0 ], data[ 1 ] ) === false && options.stopOnFalse ) {
					memory = false; // To prevent further calls using add
					break;
				}
			}
			firing = false;
			if ( list ) {
				if ( stack ) {
					if ( stack.length ) {
						fire( stack.shift() );
					}
				} else if ( memory ) {
					list = [];
				} else {
					self.disable();
				}
			}
		},
		// Actual Callbacks object
		self = {
			// Add a callback or a collection of callbacks to the list
			add: function() {
				if ( list ) {
					// First, we save the current length
					var start = list.length;
					(function add( args ) {
						jQuery.each( args, function( _, arg ) {
							var type = jQuery.type( arg );
							if ( type === "function" ) {
								if ( !options.unique || !self.has( arg ) ) {
									list.push( arg );
								}
							} else if ( arg && arg.length && type !== "string" ) {
								// Inspect recursively
								add( arg );
							}
						});
					})( arguments );
					// Do we need to add the callbacks to the
					// current firing batch?
					if ( firing ) {
						firingLength = list.length;
					// With memory, if we're not firing then
					// we should call right away
					} else if ( memory ) {
						firingStart = start;
						fire( memory );
					}
				}
				return this;
			},
			// Remove a callback from the list
			remove: function() {
				if ( list ) {
					jQuery.each( arguments, function( _, arg ) {
						var index;
						while ( ( index = jQuery.inArray( arg, list, index ) ) > -1 ) {
							list.splice( index, 1 );
							// Handle firing indexes
							if ( firing ) {
								if ( index <= firingLength ) {
									firingLength--;
								}
								if ( index <= firingIndex ) {
									firingIndex--;
								}
							}
						}
					});
				}
				return this;
			},
			// Check if a given callback is in the list.
			// If no argument is given, return whether or not list has callbacks attached.
			has: function( fn ) {
				return fn ? jQuery.inArray( fn, list ) > -1 : !!( list && list.length );
			},
			// Remove all callbacks from the list
			empty: function() {
				list = [];
				firingLength = 0;
				return this;
			},
			// Have the list do nothing anymore
			disable: function() {
				list = stack = memory = undefined;
				return this;
			},
			// Is it disabled?
			disabled: function() {
				return !list;
			},
			// Lock the list in its current state
			lock: function() {
				stack = undefined;
				if ( !memory ) {
					self.disable();
				}
				return this;
			},
			// Is it locked?
			locked: function() {
				return !stack;
			},
			// Call all callbacks with the given context and arguments
			fireWith: function( context, args ) {
				if ( list && ( !fired || stack ) ) {
					args = args || [];
					args = [ context, args.slice ? args.slice() : args ];
					if ( firing ) {
						stack.push( args );
					} else {
						fire( args );
					}
				}
				return this;
			},
			// Call all the callbacks with the given arguments
			fire: function() {
				self.fireWith( this, arguments );
				return this;
			},
			// To know if the callbacks have already been called at least once
			fired: function() {
				return !!fired;
			}
		};

	return self;
};


jQuery.extend({

	Deferred: function( func ) {
		var tuples = [
				// action, add listener, listener list, final state
				[ "resolve", "done", jQuery.Callbacks("once memory"), "resolved" ],
				[ "reject", "fail", jQuery.Callbacks("once memory"), "rejected" ],
				[ "notify", "progress", jQuery.Callbacks("memory") ]
			],
			state = "pending",
			promise = {
				state: function() {
					return state;
				},
				always: function() {
					deferred.done( arguments ).fail( arguments );
					return this;
				},
				then: function( /* fnDone, fnFail, fnProgress */ ) {
					var fns = arguments;
					return jQuery.Deferred(function( newDefer ) {
						jQuery.each( tuples, function( i, tuple ) {
							var fn = jQuery.isFunction( fns[ i ] ) && fns[ i ];
							// deferred[ done | fail | progress ] for forwarding actions to newDefer
							deferred[ tuple[1] ](function() {
								var returned = fn && fn.apply( this, arguments );
								if ( returned && jQuery.isFunction( returned.promise ) ) {
									returned.promise()
										.done( newDefer.resolve )
										.fail( newDefer.reject )
										.progress( newDefer.notify );
								} else {
									newDefer[ tuple[ 0 ] + "With" ]( this === promise ? newDefer.promise() : this, fn ? [ returned ] : arguments );
								}
							});
						});
						fns = null;
					}).promise();
				},
				// Get a promise for this deferred
				// If obj is provided, the promise aspect is added to the object
				promise: function( obj ) {
					return obj != null ? jQuery.extend( obj, promise ) : promise;
				}
			},
			deferred = {};

		// Keep pipe for back-compat
		promise.pipe = promise.then;

		// Add list-specific methods
		jQuery.each( tuples, function( i, tuple ) {
			var list = tuple[ 2 ],
				stateString = tuple[ 3 ];

			// promise[ done | fail | progress ] = list.add
			promise[ tuple[1] ] = list.add;

			// Handle state
			if ( stateString ) {
				list.add(function() {
					// state = [ resolved | rejected ]
					state = stateString;

				// [ reject_list | resolve_list ].disable; progress_list.lock
				}, tuples[ i ^ 1 ][ 2 ].disable, tuples[ 2 ][ 2 ].lock );
			}

			// deferred[ resolve | reject | notify ]
			deferred[ tuple[0] ] = function() {
				deferred[ tuple[0] + "With" ]( this === deferred ? promise : this, arguments );
				return this;
			};
			deferred[ tuple[0] + "With" ] = list.fireWith;
		});

		// Make the deferred a promise
		promise.promise( deferred );

		// Call given func if any
		if ( func ) {
			func.call( deferred, deferred );
		}

		// All done!
		return deferred;
	},

	// Deferred helper
	when: function( subordinate /* , ..., subordinateN */ ) {
		var i = 0,
			resolveValues = slice.call( arguments ),
			length = resolveValues.length,

			// the count of uncompleted subordinates
			remaining = length !== 1 || ( subordinate && jQuery.isFunction( subordinate.promise ) ) ? length : 0,

			// the master Deferred. If resolveValues consist of only a single Deferred, just use that.
			deferred = remaining === 1 ? subordinate : jQuery.Deferred(),

			// Update function for both resolve and progress values
			updateFunc = function( i, contexts, values ) {
				return function( value ) {
					contexts[ i ] = this;
					values[ i ] = arguments.length > 1 ? slice.call( arguments ) : value;
					if ( values === progressValues ) {
						deferred.notifyWith( contexts, values );

					} else if ( !(--remaining) ) {
						deferred.resolveWith( contexts, values );
					}
				};
			},

			progressValues, progressContexts, resolveContexts;

		// add listeners to Deferred subordinates; treat others as resolved
		if ( length > 1 ) {
			progressValues = new Array( length );
			progressContexts = new Array( length );
			resolveContexts = new Array( length );
			for ( ; i < length; i++ ) {
				if ( resolveValues[ i ] && jQuery.isFunction( resolveValues[ i ].promise ) ) {
					resolveValues[ i ].promise()
						.done( updateFunc( i, resolveContexts, resolveValues ) )
						.fail( deferred.reject )
						.progress( updateFunc( i, progressContexts, progressValues ) );
				} else {
					--remaining;
				}
			}
		}

		// if we're not waiting on anything, resolve the master
		if ( !remaining ) {
			deferred.resolveWith( resolveContexts, resolveValues );
		}

		return deferred.promise();
	}
});


// The deferred used on DOM ready
var readyList;

jQuery.fn.ready = function( fn ) {
	// Add the callback
	jQuery.ready.promise().done( fn );

	return this;
};

jQuery.extend({
	// Is the DOM ready to be used? Set to true once it occurs.
	isReady: false,

	// A counter to track how many items to wait for before
	// the ready event fires. See #6781
	readyWait: 1,

	// Hold (or release) the ready event
	holdReady: function( hold ) {
		if ( hold ) {
			jQuery.readyWait++;
		} else {
			jQuery.ready( true );
		}
	},

	// Handle when the DOM is ready
	ready: function( wait ) {

		// Abort if there are pending holds or we're already ready
		if ( wait === true ? --jQuery.readyWait : jQuery.isReady ) {
			return;
		}

		// Make sure body exists, at least, in case IE gets a little overzealous (ticket #5443).
		if ( !document.body ) {
			return setTimeout( jQuery.ready );
		}

		// Remember that the DOM is ready
		jQuery.isReady = true;

		// If a normal DOM Ready event fired, decrement, and wait if need be
		if ( wait !== true && --jQuery.readyWait > 0 ) {
			return;
		}

		// If there are functions bound, to execute
		readyList.resolveWith( document, [ jQuery ] );

		// Trigger any bound ready events
		if ( jQuery.fn.triggerHandler ) {
			jQuery( document ).triggerHandler( "ready" );
			jQuery( document ).off( "ready" );
		}
	}
});

/**
 * Clean-up method for dom ready events
 */
function detach() {
	if ( document.addEventListener ) {
		document.removeEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", completed, false );
		window.removeEventListener( "load", completed, false );

	} else {
		document.detachEvent( "onreadystatechange", completed );
		window.detachEvent( "onload", completed );
	}
}

/**
 * The ready event handler and self cleanup method
 */
function completed() {
	// readyState === "complete" is good enough for us to call the dom ready in oldIE
	if ( document.addEventListener || event.type === "load" || document.readyState === "complete" ) {
		detach();
		jQuery.ready();
	}
}

jQuery.ready.promise = function( obj ) {
	if ( !readyList ) {

		readyList = jQuery.Deferred();

		// Catch cases where $(document).ready() is called after the browser event has already occurred.
		// we once tried to use readyState "interactive" here, but it caused issues like the one
		// discovered by ChrisS here: http://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/12282#comment:15
		if ( document.readyState === "complete" ) {
			// Handle it asynchronously to allow scripts the opportunity to delay ready
			setTimeout( jQuery.ready );

		// Standards-based browsers support DOMContentLoaded
		} else if ( document.addEventListener ) {
			// Use the handy event callback
			document.addEventListener( "DOMContentLoaded", completed, false );

			// A fallback to window.onload, that will always work
			window.addEventListener( "load", completed, false );

		// If IE event model is used
		} else {
			// Ensure firing before onload, maybe late but safe also for iframes
			document.attachEvent( "onreadystatechange", completed );

			// A fallback to window.onload, that will always work
			window.attachEvent( "onload", completed );

			// If IE and not a frame
			// continually check to see if the document is ready
			var top = false;

			try {
				top = window.frameElement == null && document.documentElement;
			} catch(e) {}

			if ( top && top.doScroll ) {
				(function doScrollCheck() {
					if ( !jQuery.isReady ) {

						try {
							// Use the trick by Diego Perini
							// http://javascript.nwbox.com/IEContentLoaded/
							top.doScroll("left");
						} catch(e) {
							return setTimeout( doScrollCheck, 50 );
						}

						// detach all dom ready events
						detach();

						// and execute any waiting functions
						jQuery.ready();
					}
				})();
			}
		}
	}
	return readyList.promise( obj );
};


var strundefined = typeof undefined;


// Support: IE<9
// Iteration over object's inherited properties before its own
var i;
for ( i in jQuery( support ) ) {
	break;
}
support.ownLast = i !== "0";

// Note: most support tests are defined in their respective modules.
// false until the test is run
support.inlineBlockNeedsLayout = false;

// Execute ASAP in case we need to set body.style.zoom
jQuery(function() {
	// Minified: var a,b,c,d
	var val, div, body, container;

	body = document.getElementsByTagName( "body" )[ 0 ];
	if ( !body || !body.style ) {
		// Return for frameset docs that don't have a body
		return;
	}

	// Setup
	div = document.createElement( "div" );
	container = document.createElement( "div" );
	container.style.cssText = "position:absolute;border:0;width:0;height:0;top:0;left:-9999px";
	body.appendChild( container ).appendChild( div );

	if ( typeof div.style.zoom !== strundefined ) {
		// Support: IE<8
		// Check if natively block-level elements act like inline-block
		// elements when setting their display to 'inline' and giving
		// them layout
		div.style.cssText = "display:inline;margin:0;border:0;padding:1px;width:1px;zoom:1";

		support.inlineBlockNeedsLayout = val = div.offsetWidth === 3;
		if ( val ) {
			// Prevent IE 6 from affecting layout for positioned elements #11048
			// Prevent IE from shrinking the body in IE 7 mode #12869
			// Support: IE<8
			body.style.zoom = 1;
		}
	}

	body.removeChild( container );
});


(function() {
	var div = document.createElement( "div" );

	// Execute the test only if not already executed in another module.
	if (support.deleteExpando == null) {
		// Support: IE<9
		support.deleteExpando = true;
		try {
			delete div.test;
		} catch( e ) {
			support.deleteExpando = false;
		}
	}

	// Null elements to avoid leaks in IE.
	div = null;
})();


/**
 * Determines whether an object can have data
 */
jQuery.acceptData = function( elem ) {
	var noData = jQuery.noData[ (elem.nodeName + " ").toLowerCase() ],
		nodeType = +elem.nodeType || 1;

	// Do not set data on non-element DOM nodes because it will not be cleared (#8335).
	return nodeType !== 1 && nodeType !== 9 ?
		false :

		// Nodes accept data unless otherwise specified; rejection can be conditional
		!noData || noData !== true && elem.getAttribute("classid") === noData;
};


var rbrace = /^(?:\{[\w\W]*\}|\[[\w\W]*\])$/,
	rmultiDash = /([A-Z])/g;

function dataAttr( elem, key, data ) {
	// If nothing was found internally, try to fetch any
	// data from the HTML5 data-* attribute
	if ( data === undefined && elem.nodeType === 1 ) {

		var name = "data-" + key.replace( rmultiDash, "-$1" ).toLowerCase();

		data = elem.getAttribute( name );

		if ( typeof data === "string" ) {
			try {
				data = data === "true" ? true :
					data === "false" ? false :
					data === "null" ? null :
					// Only convert to a number if it doesn't change the string
					+data + "" === data ? +data :
					rbrace.test( data ) ? jQuery.parseJSON( data ) :
					data;
			} catch( e ) {}

			// Make sure we set the data so it isn't changed later
			jQuery.data( elem, key, data );

		} else {
			data = undefined;
		}
	}

	return data;
}

// checks a cache object for emptiness
function isEmptyDataObject( obj ) {
	var name;
	for ( name in obj ) {

		// if the public data object is empty, the private is still empty
		if ( name === "data" && jQuery.isEmptyObject( obj[name] ) ) {
			continue;
		}
		if ( name !== "toJSON" ) {
			return false;
		}
	}

	return true;
}

function internalData( elem, name, data, pvt /* Internal Use Only */ ) {
	if ( !jQuery.acceptData( elem ) ) {
		return;
	}

	var ret, thisCache,
		internalKey = jQuery.expando,

		// We have to handle DOM nodes and JS objects differently because IE6-7
		// can't GC object references properly across the DOM-JS boundary
		isNode = elem.nodeType,

		// Only DOM nodes need the global jQuery cache; JS object data is
		// attached directly to the object so GC can occur automatically
		cache = isNode ? jQuery.cache : elem,

		// Only defining an ID for JS objects if its cache already exists allows
		// the code to shortcut on the same path as a DOM node with no cache
		id = isNode ? elem[ internalKey ] : elem[ internalKey ] && internalKey;

	// Avoid doing any more work than we need to when trying to get data on an
	// object that has no data at all
	if ( (!id || !cache[id] || (!pvt && !cache[id].data)) && data === undefined && typeof name === "string" ) {
		return;
	}

	if ( !id ) {
		// Only DOM nodes need a new unique ID for each element since their data
		// ends up in the global cache
		if ( isNode ) {
			id = elem[ internalKey ] = deletedIds.pop() || jQuery.guid++;
		} else {
			id = internalKey;
		}
	}

	if ( !cache[ id ] ) {
		// Avoid exposing jQuery metadata on plain JS objects when the object
		// is serialized using JSON.stringify
		cache[ id ] = isNode ? {} : { toJSON: jQuery.noop };
	}

	// An object can be passed to jQuery.data instead of a key/value pair; this gets
	// shallow copied over onto the existing cache
	if ( typeof name === "object" || typeof name === "function" ) {
		if ( pvt ) {
			cache[ id ] = jQuery.extend( cache[ id ], name );
		} else {
			cache[ id ].data = jQuery.extend( cache[ id ].data, name );
		}
	}

	thisCache = cache[ id ];

	// jQuery data() is stored in a separate object inside the object's internal data
	// cache in order to avoid key collisions between internal data and user-defined
	// data.
	if ( !pvt ) {
		if ( !thisCache.data ) {
			thisCache.data = {};
		}

		thisCache = thisCache.data;
	}

	if ( data !== undefined ) {
		thisCache[ jQuery.camelCase( name ) ] = data;
	}

	// Check for both converted-to-camel and non-converted data property names
	// If a data property was specified
	if ( typeof name === "string" ) {

		// First Try to find as-is property data
		ret = thisCache[ name ];

		// Test for null|undefined property data
		if ( ret == null ) {

			// Try to find the camelCased property
			ret = thisCache[ jQuery.camelCase( name ) ];
		}
	} else {
		ret = thisCache;
	}

	return ret;
}

function internalRemoveData( elem, name, pvt ) {
	if ( !jQuery.acceptData( elem ) ) {
		return;
	}

	var thisCache, i,
		isNode = elem.nodeType,

		// See jQuery.data for more information
		cache = isNode ? jQuery.cache : elem,
		id = isNode ? elem[ jQuery.expando ] : jQuery.expando;

	// If there is already no cache entry for this object, there is no
	// purpose in continuing
	if ( !cache[ id ] ) {
		return;
	}

	if ( name ) {

		thisCache = pvt ? cache[ id ] : cache[ id ].data;

		if ( thisCache ) {

			// Support array or space separated string names for data keys
			if ( !jQuery.isArray( name ) ) {

				// try the string as a key before any manipulation
				if ( name in thisCache ) {
					name = [ name ];
				} else {

					// split the camel cased version by spaces unless a key with the spaces exists
					name = jQuery.camelCase( name );
					if ( name in thisCache ) {
						name = [ name ];
					} else {
						name = name.split(" ");
					}
				}
			} else {
				// If "name" is an array of keys...
				// When data is initially created, via ("key", "val") signature,
				// keys will be converted to camelCase.
				// Since there is no way to tell _how_ a key was added, remove
				// both plain key and camelCase key. #12786
				// This will only penalize the array argument path.
				name = name.concat( jQuery.map( name, jQuery.camelCase ) );
			}

			i = name.length;
			while ( i-- ) {
				delete thisCache[ name[i] ];
			}

			// If there is no data left in the cache, we want to continue
			// and let the cache object itself get destroyed
			if ( pvt ? !isEmptyDataObject(thisCache) : !jQuery.isEmptyObject(thisCache) ) {
				return;
			}
		}
	}

	// See jQuery.data for more information
	if ( !pvt ) {
		delete cache[ id ].data;

		// Don't destroy the parent cache unless the internal data object
		// had been the only thing left in it
		if ( !isEmptyDataObject( cache[ id ] ) ) {
			return;
		}
	}

	// Destroy the cache
	if ( isNode ) {
		jQuery.cleanData( [ elem ], true );

	// Use delete when supported for expandos or `cache` is not a window per isWindow (#10080)
	/* jshint eqeqeq: false */
	} else if ( support.deleteExpando || cache != cache.window ) {
		/* jshint eqeqeq: true */
		delete cache[ id ];

	// When all else fails, null
	} else {
		cache[ id ] = null;
	}
}

jQuery.extend({
	cache: {},

	// The following elements (space-suffixed to avoid Object.prototype collisions)
	// throw uncatchable exceptions if you attempt to set expando properties
	noData: {
		"applet ": true,
		"embed ": true,
		// ...but Flash objects (which have this classid) *can* handle expandos
		"object ": "clsid:D27CDB6E-AE6D-11cf-96B8-444553540000"
	},

	hasData: function( elem ) {
		elem = elem.nodeType ? jQuery.cache[ elem[jQuery.expando] ] : elem[ jQuery.expando ];
		return !!elem && !isEmptyDataObject( elem );
	},

	data: function( elem, name, data ) {
		return internalData( elem, name, data );
	},

	removeData: function( elem, name ) {
		return internalRemoveData( elem, name );
	},

	// For internal use only.
	_data: function( elem, name, data ) {
		return internalData( elem, name, data, true );
	},

	_removeData: function( elem, name ) {
		return internalRemoveData( elem, name, true );
	}
});

jQuery.fn.extend({
	data: function( key, value ) {
		var i, name, data,
			elem = this[0],
			attrs = elem && elem.attributes;

		// Special expections of .data basically thwart jQuery.access,
		// so implement the relevant behavior ourselves

		// Gets all values
		if ( key === undefined ) {
			if ( this.length ) {
				data = jQuery.data( elem );

				if ( elem.nodeType === 1 && !jQuery._data( elem, "parsedAttrs" ) ) {
					i = attrs.length;
					while ( i-- ) {

						// Support: IE11+
						// The attrs elements can be null (#14894)
						if ( attrs[ i ] ) {
							name = attrs[ i ].name;
							if ( name.indexOf( "data-" ) === 0 ) {
								name = jQuery.camelCase( name.slice(5) );
								dataAttr( elem, name, data[ name ] );
							}
						}
					}
					jQuery._data( elem, "parsedAttrs", true );
				}
			}

			return data;
		}

		// Sets multiple values
		if ( typeof key === "object" ) {
			return this.each(function() {
				jQuery.data( this, key );
			});
		}

		return arguments.length > 1 ?

			// Sets one value
			this.each(function() {
				jQuery.data( this, key, value );
			}) :

			// Gets one value
			// Try to fetch any internally stored data first
			elem ? dataAttr( elem, key, jQuery.data( elem, key ) ) : undefined;
	},

	removeData: function( key ) {
		return this.each(function() {
			jQuery.removeData( this, key );
		});
	}
});


jQuery.extend({
	queue: function( elem, type, data ) {
		var queue;

		if ( elem ) {
			type = ( type || "fx" ) + "queue";
			queue = jQuery._data( elem, type );

			// Speed up dequeue by getting out quickly if this is just a lookup
			if ( data ) {
				if ( !queue || jQuery.isArray(data) ) {
					queue = jQuery._data( elem, type, jQuery.makeArray(data) );
				} else {
					queue.push( data );
				}
			}
			return queue || [];
		}
	},

	dequeue: function( elem, type ) {
		type = type || "fx";

		var queue = jQuery.queue( elem, type ),
			startLength = queue.length,
			fn = queue.shift(),
			hooks = jQuery._queueHooks( elem, type ),
			next = function() {
				jQuery.dequeue( elem, type );
			};

		// If the fx queue is dequeued, always remove the progress sentinel
		if ( fn === "inprogress" ) {
			fn = queue.shift();
			startLength--;
		}

		if ( fn ) {

			// Add a progress sentinel to prevent the fx queue from being
			// automatically dequeued
			if ( type === "fx" ) {
				queue.unshift( "inprogress" );
			}

			// clear up the last queue stop function
			delete hooks.stop;
			fn.call( elem, next, hooks );
		}

		if ( !startLength && hooks ) {
			hooks.empty.fire();
		}
	},

	// not intended for public consumption - generates a queueHooks object, or returns the current one
	_queueHooks: function( elem, type ) {
		var key = type + "queueHooks";
		return jQuery._data( elem, key ) || jQuery._data( elem, key, {
			empty: jQuery.Callbacks("once memory").add(function() {
				jQuery._removeData( elem, type + "queue" );
				jQuery._removeData( elem, key );
			})
		});
	}
});

jQuery.fn.extend({
	queue: function( type, data ) {
		var setter = 2;

		if ( typeof type !== "string" ) {
			data = type;
			type = "fx";
			setter--;
		}

		if ( arguments.length < setter ) {
			return jQuery.queue( this[0], type );
		}

		return data === undefined ?
			this :
			this.each(function() {
				var queue = jQuery.queue( this, type, data );

				// ensure a hooks for this queue
				jQuery._queueHooks( this, type );

				if ( type === "fx" && queue[0] !== "inprogress" ) {
					jQuery.dequeue( this, type );
				}
			});
	},
	dequeue: function( type ) {
		return this.each(function() {
			jQuery.dequeue( this, type );
		});
	},
	clearQueue: function( type ) {
		return this.queue( type || "fx", [] );
	},
	// Get a promise resolved when queues of a certain type
	// are emptied (fx is the type by default)
	promise: function( type, obj ) {
		var tmp,
			count = 1,
			defer = jQuery.Deferred(),
			elements = this,
			i = this.length,
			resolve = function() {
				if ( !( --count ) ) {
					defer.resolveWith( elements, [ elements ] );
				}
			};

		if ( typeof type !== "string" ) {
			obj = type;
			type = undefined;
		}
		type = type || "fx";

		while ( i-- ) {
			tmp = jQuery._data( elements[ i ], type + "queueHooks" );
			if ( tmp && tmp.empty ) {
				count++;
				tmp.empty.add( resolve );
			}
		}
		resolve();
		return defer.promise( obj );
	}
});
var pnum = (/[+-]?(?:\d*\.|)\d+(?:[eE][+-]?\d+|)/).source;

var cssExpand = [ "Top", "Right", "Bottom", "Left" ];

var isHidden = function( elem, el ) {
		// isHidden might be called from jQuery#filter function;
		// in that case, element will be second argument
		elem = el || elem;
		return jQuery.css( elem, "display" ) === "none" || !jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem );
	};


// Multifunctional method to get and set values of a collection
// The value/s can optionally be executed if it's a function
var access = jQuery.access = function( elems, fn, key, value, chainable, emptyGet, raw ) {
	var i = 0,
		length = elems.length,
		bulk = key == null;

	// Sets many values
	if ( jQuery.type( key ) === "object" ) {
		chainable = true;
		for ( i in key ) {
			jQuery.access( elems, fn, i, key[i], true, emptyGet, raw );
		}

	// Sets one value
	} else if ( value !== undefined ) {
		chainable = true;

		if ( !jQuery.isFunction( value ) ) {
			raw = true;
		}

		if ( bulk ) {
			// Bulk operations run against the entire set
			if ( raw ) {
				fn.call( elems, value );
				fn = null;

			// ...except when executing function values
			} else {
				bulk = fn;
				fn = function( elem, key, value ) {
					return bulk.call( jQuery( elem ), value );
				};
			}
		}

		if ( fn ) {
			for ( ; i < length; i++ ) {
				fn( elems[i], key, raw ? value : value.call( elems[i], i, fn( elems[i], key ) ) );
			}
		}
	}

	return chainable ?
		elems :

		// Gets
		bulk ?
			fn.call( elems ) :
			length ? fn( elems[0], key ) : emptyGet;
};
var rcheckableType = (/^(?:checkbox|radio)$/i);


(function() {
	// Minified: var a,b,c
	var input = document.createElement( "input" ),
		div = document.createElement( "div" ),
		fragment = document.createDocumentFragment();

	// Setup
	div.innerHTML = "  <link/><table></table><a href='/a'>a</a><input type='checkbox'/>";

	// IE strips leading whitespace when .innerHTML is used
	support.leadingWhitespace = div.firstChild.nodeType === 3;

	// Make sure that tbody elements aren't automatically inserted
	// IE will insert them into empty tables
	support.tbody = !div.getElementsByTagName( "tbody" ).length;

	// Make sure that link elements get serialized correctly by innerHTML
	// This requires a wrapper element in IE
	support.htmlSerialize = !!div.getElementsByTagName( "link" ).length;

	// Makes sure cloning an html5 element does not cause problems
	// Where outerHTML is undefined, this still works
	support.html5Clone =
		document.createElement( "nav" ).cloneNode( true ).outerHTML !== "<:nav></:nav>";

	// Check if a disconnected checkbox will retain its checked
	// value of true after appended to the DOM (IE6/7)
	input.type = "checkbox";
	input.checked = true;
	fragment.appendChild( input );
	support.appendChecked = input.checked;

	// Make sure textarea (and checkbox) defaultValue is properly cloned
	// Support: IE6-IE11+
	div.innerHTML = "<textarea>x</textarea>";
	support.noCloneChecked = !!div.cloneNode( true ).lastChild.defaultValue;

	// #11217 - WebKit loses check when the name is after the checked attribute
	fragment.appendChild( div );
	div.innerHTML = "<input type='radio' checked='checked' name='t'/>";

	// Support: Safari 5.1, iOS 5.1, Android 4.x, Android 2.3
	// old WebKit doesn't clone checked state correctly in fragments
	support.checkClone = div.cloneNode( true ).cloneNode( true ).lastChild.checked;

	// Support: IE<9
	// Opera does not clone events (and typeof div.attachEvent === undefined).
	// IE9-10 clones events bound via attachEvent, but they don't trigger with .click()
	support.noCloneEvent = true;
	if ( div.attachEvent ) {
		div.attachEvent( "onclick", function() {
			support.noCloneEvent = false;
		});

		div.cloneNode( true ).click();
	}

	// Execute the test only if not already executed in another module.
	if (support.deleteExpando == null) {
		// Support: IE<9
		support.deleteExpando = true;
		try {
			delete div.test;
		} catch( e ) {
			support.deleteExpando = false;
		}
	}
})();


(function() {
	var i, eventName,
		div = document.createElement( "div" );

	// Support: IE<9 (lack submit/change bubble), Firefox 23+ (lack focusin event)
	for ( i in { submit: true, change: true, focusin: true }) {
		eventName = "on" + i;

		if ( !(support[ i + "Bubbles" ] = eventName in window) ) {
			// Beware of CSP restrictions (https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Security/CSP)
			div.setAttribute( eventName, "t" );
			support[ i + "Bubbles" ] = div.attributes[ eventName ].expando === false;
		}
	}

	// Null elements to avoid leaks in IE.
	div = null;
})();


var rformElems = /^(?:input|select|textarea)$/i,
	rkeyEvent = /^key/,
	rmouseEvent = /^(?:mouse|pointer|contextmenu)|click/,
	rfocusMorph = /^(?:focusinfocus|focusoutblur)$/,
	rtypenamespace = /^([^.]*)(?:\.(.+)|)$/;

function returnTrue() {
	return true;
}

function returnFalse() {
	return false;
}

function safeActiveElement() {
	try {
		return document.activeElement;
	} catch ( err ) { }
}

/*
 * Helper functions for managing events -- not part of the public interface.
 * Props to Dean Edwards' addEvent library for many of the ideas.
 */
jQuery.event = {

	global: {},

	add: function( elem, types, handler, data, selector ) {
		var tmp, events, t, handleObjIn,
			special, eventHandle, handleObj,
			handlers, type, namespaces, origType,
			elemData = jQuery._data( elem );

		// Don't attach events to noData or text/comment nodes (but allow plain objects)
		if ( !elemData ) {
			return;
		}

		// Caller can pass in an object of custom data in lieu of the handler
		if ( handler.handler ) {
			handleObjIn = handler;
			handler = handleObjIn.handler;
			selector = handleObjIn.selector;
		}

		// Make sure that the handler has a unique ID, used to find/remove it later
		if ( !handler.guid ) {
			handler.guid = jQuery.guid++;
		}

		// Init the element's event structure and main handler, if this is the first
		if ( !(events = elemData.events) ) {
			events = elemData.events = {};
		}
		if ( !(eventHandle = elemData.handle) ) {
			eventHandle = elemData.handle = function( e ) {
				// Discard the second event of a jQuery.event.trigger() and
				// when an event is called after a page has unloaded
				return typeof jQuery !== strundefined && (!e || jQuery.event.triggered !== e.type) ?
					jQuery.event.dispatch.apply( eventHandle.elem, arguments ) :
					undefined;
			};
			// Add elem as a property of the handle fn to prevent a memory leak with IE non-native events
			eventHandle.elem = elem;
		}

		// Handle multiple events separated by a space
		types = ( types || "" ).match( rnotwhite ) || [ "" ];
		t = types.length;
		while ( t-- ) {
			tmp = rtypenamespace.exec( types[t] ) || [];
			type = origType = tmp[1];
			namespaces = ( tmp[2] || "" ).split( "." ).sort();

			// There *must* be a type, no attaching namespace-only handlers
			if ( !type ) {
				continue;
			}

			// If event changes its type, use the special event handlers for the changed type
			special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {};

			// If selector defined, determine special event api type, otherwise given type
			type = ( selector ? special.delegateType : special.bindType ) || type;

			// Update special based on newly reset type
			special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {};

			// handleObj is passed to all event handlers
			handleObj = jQuery.extend({
				type: type,
				origType: origType,
				data: data,
				handler: handler,
				guid: handler.guid,
				selector: selector,
				needsContext: selector && jQuery.expr.match.needsContext.test( selector ),
				namespace: namespaces.join(".")
			}, handleObjIn );

			// Init the event handler queue if we're the first
			if ( !(handlers = events[ type ]) ) {
				handlers = events[ type ] = [];
				handlers.delegateCount = 0;

				// Only use addEventListener/attachEvent if the special events handler returns false
				if ( !special.setup || special.setup.call( elem, data, namespaces, eventHandle ) === false ) {
					// Bind the global event handler to the element
					if ( elem.addEventListener ) {
						elem.addEventListener( type, eventHandle, false );

					} else if ( elem.attachEvent ) {
						elem.attachEvent( "on" + type, eventHandle );
					}
				}
			}

			if ( special.add ) {
				special.add.call( elem, handleObj );

				if ( !handleObj.handler.guid ) {
					handleObj.handler.guid = handler.guid;
				}
			}

			// Add to the element's handler list, delegates in front
			if ( selector ) {
				handlers.splice( handlers.delegateCount++, 0, handleObj );
			} else {
				handlers.push( handleObj );
			}

			// Keep track of which events have ever been used, for event optimization
			jQuery.event.global[ type ] = true;
		}

		// Nullify elem to prevent memory leaks in IE
		elem = null;
	},

	// Detach an event or set of events from an element
	remove: function( elem, types, handler, selector, mappedTypes ) {
		var j, handleObj, tmp,
			origCount, t, events,
			special, handlers, type,
			namespaces, origType,
			elemData = jQuery.hasData( elem ) && jQuery._data( elem );

		if ( !elemData || !(events = elemData.events) ) {
			return;
		}

		// Once for each type.namespace in types; type may be omitted
		types = ( types || "" ).match( rnotwhite ) || [ "" ];
		t = types.length;
		while ( t-- ) {
			tmp = rtypenamespace.exec( types[t] ) || [];
			type = origType = tmp[1];
			namespaces = ( tmp[2] || "" ).split( "." ).sort();

			// Unbind all events (on this namespace, if provided) for the element
			if ( !type ) {
				for ( type in events ) {
					jQuery.event.remove( elem, type + types[ t ], handler, selector, true );
				}
				continue;
			}

			special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {};
			type = ( selector ? special.delegateType : special.bindType ) || type;
			handlers = events[ type ] || [];
			tmp = tmp[2] && new RegExp( "(^|\\.)" + namespaces.join("\\.(?:.*\\.|)") + "(\\.|$)" );

			// Remove matching events
			origCount = j = handlers.length;
			while ( j-- ) {
				handleObj = handlers[ j ];

				if ( ( mappedTypes || origType === handleObj.origType ) &&
					( !handler || handler.guid === handleObj.guid ) &&
					( !tmp || tmp.test( handleObj.namespace ) ) &&
					( !selector || selector === handleObj.selector || selector === "**" && handleObj.selector ) ) {
					handlers.splice( j, 1 );

					if ( handleObj.selector ) {
						handlers.delegateCount--;
					}
					if ( special.remove ) {
						special.remove.call( elem, handleObj );
					}
				}
			}

			// Remove generic event handler if we removed something and no more handlers exist
			// (avoids potential for endless recursion during removal of special event handlers)
			if ( origCount && !handlers.length ) {
				if ( !special.teardown || special.teardown.call( elem, namespaces, elemData.handle ) === false ) {
					jQuery.removeEvent( elem, type, elemData.handle );
				}

				delete events[ type ];
			}
		}

		// Remove the expando if it's no longer used
		if ( jQuery.isEmptyObject( events ) ) {
			delete elemData.handle;

			// removeData also checks for emptiness and clears the expando if empty
			// so use it instead of delete
			jQuery._removeData( elem, "events" );
		}
	},

	trigger: function( event, data, elem, onlyHandlers ) {
		var handle, ontype, cur,
			bubbleType, special, tmp, i,
			eventPath = [ elem || document ],
			type = hasOwn.call( event, "type" ) ? event.type : event,
			namespaces = hasOwn.call( event, "namespace" ) ? event.namespace.split(".") : [];

		cur = tmp = elem = elem || document;

		// Don't do events on text and comment nodes
		if ( elem.nodeType === 3 || elem.nodeType === 8 ) {
			return;
		}

		// focus/blur morphs to focusin/out; ensure we're not firing them right now
		if ( rfocusMorph.test( type + jQuery.event.triggered ) ) {
			return;
		}

		if ( type.indexOf(".") >= 0 ) {
			// Namespaced trigger; create a regexp to match event type in handle()
			namespaces = type.split(".");
			type = namespaces.shift();
			namespaces.sort();
		}
		ontype = type.indexOf(":") < 0 && "on" + type;

		// Caller can pass in a jQuery.Event object, Object, or just an event type string
		event = event[ jQuery.expando ] ?
			event :
			new jQuery.Event( type, typeof event === "object" && event );

		// Trigger bitmask: & 1 for native handlers; & 2 for jQuery (always true)
		event.isTrigger = onlyHandlers ? 2 : 3;
		event.namespace = namespaces.join(".");
		event.namespace_re = event.namespace ?
			new RegExp( "(^|\\.)" + namespaces.join("\\.(?:.*\\.|)") + "(\\.|$)" ) :
			null;

		// Clean up the event in case it is being reused
		event.result = undefined;
		if ( !event.target ) {
			event.target = elem;
		}

		// Clone any incoming data and prepend the event, creating the handler arg list
		data = data == null ?
			[ event ] :
			jQuery.makeArray( data, [ event ] );

		// Allow special events to draw outside the lines
		special = jQuery.event.special[ type ] || {};
		if ( !onlyHandlers && special.trigger && special.trigger.apply( elem, data ) === false ) {
			return;
		}

		// Determine event propagation path in advance, per W3C events spec (#9951)
		// Bubble up to document, then to window; watch for a global ownerDocument var (#9724)
		if ( !onlyHandlers && !special.noBubble && !jQuery.isWindow( elem ) ) {

			bubbleType = special.delegateType || type;
			if ( !rfocusMorph.test( bubbleType + type ) ) {
				cur = cur.parentNode;
			}
			for ( ; cur; cur = cur.parentNode ) {
				eventPath.push( cur );
				tmp = cur;
			}

			// Only add window if we got to document (e.g., not plain obj or detached DOM)
			if ( tmp === (elem.ownerDocument || document) ) {
				eventPath.push( tmp.defaultView || tmp.parentWindow || window );
			}
		}

		// Fire handlers on the event path
		i = 0;
		while ( (cur = eventPath[i++]) && !event.isPropagationStopped() ) {

			event.type = i > 1 ?
				bubbleType :
				special.bindType || type;

			// jQuery handler
			handle = ( jQuery._data( cur, "events" ) || {} )[ event.type ] && jQuery._data( cur, "handle" );
			if ( handle ) {
				handle.apply( cur, data );
			}

			// Native handler
			handle = ontype && cur[ ontype ];
			if ( handle && handle.apply && jQuery.acceptData( cur ) ) {
				event.result = handle.apply( cur, data );
				if ( event.result === false ) {
					event.preventDefault();
				}
			}
		}
		event.type = type;

		// If nobody prevented the default action, do it now
		if ( !onlyHandlers && !event.isDefaultPrevented() ) {

			if ( (!special._default || special._default.apply( eventPath.pop(), data ) === false) &&
				jQuery.acceptData( elem ) ) {

				// Call a native DOM method on the target with the same name name as the event.
				// Can't use an .isFunction() check here because IE6/7 fails that test.
				// Don't do default actions on window, that's where global variables be (#6170)
				if ( ontype && elem[ type ] && !jQuery.isWindow( elem ) ) {

					// Don't re-trigger an onFOO event when we call its FOO() method
					tmp = elem[ ontype ];

					if ( tmp ) {
						elem[ ontype ] = null;
					}

					// Prevent re-triggering of the same event, since we already bubbled it above
					jQuery.event.triggered = type;
					try {
						elem[ type ]();
					} catch ( e ) {
						// IE<9 dies on focus/blur to hidden element (#1486,#12518)
						// only reproducible on winXP IE8 native, not IE9 in IE8 mode
					}
					jQuery.event.triggered = undefined;

					if ( tmp ) {
						elem[ ontype ] = tmp;
					}
				}
			}
		}

		return event.result;
	},

	dispatch: function( event ) {

		// Make a writable jQuery.Event from the native event object
		event = jQuery.event.fix( event );

		var i, ret, handleObj, matched, j,
			handlerQueue = [],
			args = slice.call( arguments ),
			handlers = ( jQuery._data( this, "events" ) || {} )[ event.type ] || [],
			special = jQuery.event.special[ event.type ] || {};

		// Use the fix-ed jQuery.Event rather than the (read-only) native event
		args[0] = event;
		event.delegateTarget = this;

		// Call the preDispatch hook for the mapped type, and let it bail if desired
		if ( special.preDispatch && special.preDispatch.call( this, event ) === false ) {
			return;
		}

		// Determine handlers
		handlerQueue = jQuery.event.handlers.call( this, event, handlers );

		// Run delegates first; they may want to stop propagation beneath us
		i = 0;
		while ( (matched = handlerQueue[ i++ ]) && !event.isPropagationStopped() ) {
			event.currentTarget = matched.elem;

			j = 0;
			while ( (handleObj = matched.handlers[ j++ ]) && !event.isImmediatePropagationStopped() ) {

				// Triggered event must either 1) have no namespace, or
				// 2) have namespace(s) a subset or equal to those in the bound event (both can have no namespace).
				if ( !event.namespace_re || event.namespace_re.test( handleObj.namespace ) ) {

					event.handleObj = handleObj;
					event.data = handleObj.data;

					ret = ( (jQuery.event.special[ handleObj.origType ] || {}).handle || handleObj.handler )
							.apply( matched.elem, args );

					if ( ret !== undefined ) {
						if ( (event.result = ret) === false ) {
							event.preventDefault();
							event.stopPropagation();
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}

		// Call the postDispatch hook for the mapped type
		if ( special.postDispatch ) {
			special.postDispatch.call( this, event );
		}

		return event.result;
	},

	handlers: function( event, handlers ) {
		var sel, handleObj, matches, i,
			handlerQueue = [],
			delegateCount = handlers.delegateCount,
			cur = event.target;

		// Find delegate handlers
		// Black-hole SVG <use> instance trees (#13180)
		// Avoid non-left-click bubbling in Firefox (#3861)
		if ( delegateCount && cur.nodeType && (!event.button || event.type !== "click") ) {

			/* jshint eqeqeq: false */
			for ( ; cur != this; cur = cur.parentNode || this ) {
				/* jshint eqeqeq: true */

				// Don't check non-elements (#13208)
				// Don't process clicks on disabled elements (#6911, #8165, #11382, #11764)
				if ( cur.nodeType === 1 && (cur.disabled !== true || event.type !== "click") ) {
					matches = [];
					for ( i = 0; i < delegateCount; i++ ) {
						handleObj = handlers[ i ];

						// Don't conflict with Object.prototype properties (#13203)
						sel = handleObj.selector + " ";

						if ( matches[ sel ] === undefined ) {
							matches[ sel ] = handleObj.needsContext ?
								jQuery( sel, this ).index( cur ) >= 0 :
								jQuery.find( sel, this, null, [ cur ] ).length;
						}
						if ( matches[ sel ] ) {
							matches.push( handleObj );
						}
					}
					if ( matches.length ) {
						handlerQueue.push({ elem: cur, handlers: matches });
					}
				}
			}
		}

		// Add the remaining (directly-bound) handlers
		if ( delegateCount < handlers.length ) {
			handlerQueue.push({ elem: this, handlers: handlers.slice( delegateCount ) });
		}

		return handlerQueue;
	},

	fix: function( event ) {
		if ( event[ jQuery.expando ] ) {
			return event;
		}

		// Create a writable copy of the event object and normalize some properties
		var i, prop, copy,
			type = event.type,
			originalEvent = event,
			fixHook = this.fixHooks[ type ];

		if ( !fixHook ) {
			this.fixHooks[ type ] = fixHook =
				rmouseEvent.test( type ) ? this.mouseHooks :
				rkeyEvent.test( type ) ? this.keyHooks :
				{};
		}
		copy = fixHook.props ? this.props.concat( fixHook.props ) : this.props;

		event = new jQuery.Event( originalEvent );

		i = copy.length;
		while ( i-- ) {
			prop = copy[ i ];
			event[ prop ] = originalEvent[ prop ];
		}

		// Support: IE<9
		// Fix target property (#1925)
		if ( !event.target ) {
			event.target = originalEvent.srcElement || document;
		}

		// Support: Chrome 23+, Safari?
		// Target should not be a text node (#504, #13143)
		if ( event.target.nodeType === 3 ) {
			event.target = event.target.parentNode;
		}

		// Support: IE<9
		// For mouse/key events, metaKey==false if it's undefined (#3368, #11328)
		event.metaKey = !!event.metaKey;

		return fixHook.filter ? fixHook.filter( event, originalEvent ) : event;
	},

	// Includes some event props shared by KeyEvent and MouseEvent
	props: "altKey bubbles cancelable ctrlKey currentTarget eventPhase metaKey relatedTarget shiftKey target timeStamp view which".split(" "),

	fixHooks: {},

	keyHooks: {
		props: "char charCode key keyCode".split(" "),
		filter: function( event, original ) {

			// Add which for key events
			if ( event.which == null ) {
				event.which = original.charCode != null ? original.charCode : original.keyCode;
			}

			return event;
		}
	},

	mouseHooks: {
		props: "button buttons clientX clientY fromElement offsetX offsetY pageX pageY screenX screenY toElement".split(" "),
		filter: function( event, original ) {
			var body, eventDoc, doc,
				button = original.button,
				fromElement = original.fromElement;

			// Calculate pageX/Y if missing and clientX/Y available
			if ( event.pageX == null && original.clientX != null ) {
				eventDoc = event.target.ownerDocument || document;
				doc = eventDoc.documentElement;
				body = eventDoc.body;

				event.pageX = original.clientX + ( doc && doc.scrollLeft || body && body.scrollLeft || 0 ) - ( doc && doc.clientLeft || body && body.clientLeft || 0 );
				event.pageY = original.clientY + ( doc && doc.scrollTop  || body && body.scrollTop  || 0 ) - ( doc && doc.clientTop  || body && body.clientTop  || 0 );
			}

			// Add relatedTarget, if necessary
			if ( !event.relatedTarget && fromElement ) {
				event.relatedTarget = fromElement === event.target ? original.toElement : fromElement;
			}

			// Add which for click: 1 === left; 2 === middle; 3 === right
			// Note: button is not normalized, so don't use it
			if ( !event.which && button !== undefined ) {
				event.which = ( button & 1 ? 1 : ( button & 2 ? 3 : ( button & 4 ? 2 : 0 ) ) );
			}

			return event;
		}
	},

	special: {
		load: {
			// Prevent triggered image.load events from bubbling to window.load
			noBubble: true
		},
		focus: {
			// Fire native event if possible so blur/focus sequence is correct
			trigger: function() {
				if ( this !== safeActiveElement() && this.focus ) {
					try {
						this.focus();
						return false;
					} catch ( e ) {
						// Support: IE<9
						// If we error on focus to hidden element (#1486, #12518),
						// let .trigger() run the handlers
					}
				}
			},
			delegateType: "focusin"
		},
		blur: {
			trigger: function() {
				if ( this === safeActiveElement() && this.blur ) {
					this.blur();
					return false;
				}
			},
			delegateType: "focusout"
		},
		click: {
			// For checkbox, fire native event so checked state will be right
			trigger: function() {
				if ( jQuery.nodeName( this, "input" ) && this.type === "checkbox" && this.click ) {
					this.click();
					return false;
				}
			},

			// For cross-browser consistency, don't fire native .click() on links
			_default: function( event ) {
				return jQuery.nodeName( event.target, "a" );
			}
		},

		beforeunload: {
			postDispatch: function( event ) {

				// Support: Firefox 20+
				// Firefox doesn't alert if the returnValue field is not set.
				if ( event.result !== undefined && event.originalEvent ) {
					event.originalEvent.returnValue = event.result;
				}
			}
		}
	},

	simulate: function( type, elem, event, bubble ) {
		// Piggyback on a donor event to simulate a different one.
		// Fake originalEvent to avoid donor's stopPropagation, but if the
		// simulated event prevents default then we do the same on the donor.
		var e = jQuery.extend(
			new jQuery.Event(),
			event,
			{
				type: type,
				isSimulated: true,
				originalEvent: {}
			}
		);
		if ( bubble ) {
			jQuery.event.trigger( e, null, elem );
		} else {
			jQuery.event.dispatch.call( elem, e );
		}
		if ( e.isDefaultPrevented() ) {
			event.preventDefault();
		}
	}
};

jQuery.removeEvent = document.removeEventListener ?
	function( elem, type, handle ) {
		if ( elem.removeEventListener ) {
			elem.removeEventListener( type, handle, false );
		}
	} :
	function( elem, type, handle ) {
		var name = "on" + type;

		if ( elem.detachEvent ) {

			// #8545, #7054, preventing memory leaks for custom events in IE6-8
			// detachEvent needed property on element, by name of that event, to properly expose it to GC
			if ( typeof elem[ name ] === strundefined ) {
				elem[ name ] = null;
			}

			elem.detachEvent( name, handle );
		}
	};

jQuery.Event = function( src, props ) {
	// Allow instantiation without the 'new' keyword
	if ( !(this instanceof jQuery.Event) ) {
		return new jQuery.Event( src, props );
	}

	// Event object
	if ( src && src.type ) {
		this.originalEvent = src;
		this.type = src.type;

		// Events bubbling up the document may have been marked as prevented
		// by a handler lower down the tree; reflect the correct value.
		this.isDefaultPrevented = src.defaultPrevented ||
				src.defaultPrevented === undefined &&
				// Support: IE < 9, Android < 4.0
				src.returnValue === false ?
			returnTrue :
			returnFalse;

	// Event type
	} else {
		this.type = src;
	}

	// Put explicitly provided properties onto the event object
	if ( props ) {
		jQuery.extend( this, props );
	}

	// Create a timestamp if incoming event doesn't have one
	this.timeStamp = src && src.timeStamp || jQuery.now();

	// Mark it as fixed
	this[ jQuery.expando ] = true;
};

// jQuery.Event is based on DOM3 Events as specified by the ECMAScript Language Binding
// http://www.w3.org/TR/2003/WD-DOM-Level-3-Events-20030331/ecma-script-binding.html
jQuery.Event.prototype = {
	isDefaultPrevented: returnFalse,
	isPropagationStopped: returnFalse,
	isImmediatePropagationStopped: returnFalse,

	preventDefault: function() {
		var e = this.originalEvent;

		this.isDefaultPrevented = returnTrue;
		if ( !e ) {
			return;
		}

		// If preventDefault exists, run it on the original event
		if ( e.preventDefault ) {
			e.preventDefault();

		// Support: IE
		// Otherwise set the returnValue property of the original event to false
		} else {
			e.returnValue = false;
		}
	},
	stopPropagation: function() {
		var e = this.originalEvent;

		this.isPropagationStopped = returnTrue;
		if ( !e ) {
			return;
		}
		// If stopPropagation exists, run it on the original event
		if ( e.stopPropagation ) {
			e.stopPropagation();
		}

		// Support: IE
		// Set the cancelBubble property of the original event to true
		e.cancelBubble = true;
	},
	stopImmediatePropagation: function() {
		var e = this.originalEvent;

		this.isImmediatePropagationStopped = returnTrue;

		if ( e && e.stopImmediatePropagation ) {
			e.stopImmediatePropagation();
		}

		this.stopPropagation();
	}
};

// Create mouseenter/leave events using mouseover/out and event-time checks
jQuery.each({
	mouseenter: "mouseover",
	mouseleave: "mouseout",
	pointerenter: "pointerover",
	pointerleave: "pointerout"
}, function( orig, fix ) {
	jQuery.event.special[ orig ] = {
		delegateType: fix,
		bindType: fix,

		handle: function( event ) {
			var ret,
				target = this,
				related = event.relatedTarget,
				handleObj = event.handleObj;

			// For mousenter/leave call the handler if related is outside the target.
			// NB: No relatedTarget if the mouse left/entered the browser window
			if ( !related || (related !== target && !jQuery.contains( target, related )) ) {
				event.type = handleObj.origType;
				ret = handleObj.handler.apply( this, arguments );
				event.type = fix;
			}
			return ret;
		}
	};
});

// IE submit delegation
if ( !support.submitBubbles ) {

	jQuery.event.special.submit = {
		setup: function() {
			// Only need this for delegated form submit events
			if ( jQuery.nodeName( this, "form" ) ) {
				return false;
			}

			// Lazy-add a submit handler when a descendant form may potentially be submitted
			jQuery.event.add( this, "click._submit keypress._submit", function( e ) {
				// Node name check avoids a VML-related crash in IE (#9807)
				var elem = e.target,
					form = jQuery.nodeName( elem, "input" ) || jQuery.nodeName( elem, "button" ) ? elem.form : undefined;
				if ( form && !jQuery._data( form, "submitBubbles" ) ) {
					jQuery.event.add( form, "submit._submit", function( event ) {
						event._submit_bubble = true;
					});
					jQuery._data( form, "submitBubbles", true );
				}
			});
			// return undefined since we don't need an event listener
		},

		postDispatch: function( event ) {
			// If form was submitted by the user, bubble the event up the tree
			if ( event._submit_bubble ) {
				delete event._submit_bubble;
				if ( this.parentNode && !event.isTrigger ) {
					jQuery.event.simulate( "submit", this.parentNode, event, true );
				}
			}
		},

		teardown: function() {
			// Only need this for delegated form submit events
			if ( jQuery.nodeName( this, "form" ) ) {
				return false;
			}

			// Remove delegated handlers; cleanData eventually reaps submit handlers attached above
			jQuery.event.remove( this, "._submit" );
		}
	};
}

// IE change delegation and checkbox/radio fix
if ( !support.changeBubbles ) {

	jQuery.event.special.change = {

		setup: function() {

			if ( rformElems.test( this.nodeName ) ) {
				// IE doesn't fire change on a check/radio until blur; trigger it on click
				// after a propertychange. Eat the blur-change in special.change.handle.
				// This still fires onchange a second time for check/radio after blur.
				if ( this.type === "checkbox" || this.type === "radio" ) {
					jQuery.event.add( this, "propertychange._change", function( event ) {
						if ( event.originalEvent.propertyName === "checked" ) {
							this._just_changed = true;
						}
					});
					jQuery.event.add( this, "click._change", function( event ) {
						if ( this._just_changed && !event.isTrigger ) {
							this._just_changed = false;
						}
						// Allow triggered, simulated change events (#11500)
						jQuery.event.simulate( "change", this, event, true );
					});
				}
				return false;
			}
			// Delegated event; lazy-add a change handler on descendant inputs
			jQuery.event.add( this, "beforeactivate._change", function( e ) {
				var elem = e.target;

				if ( rformElems.test( elem.nodeName ) && !jQuery._data( elem, "changeBubbles" ) ) {
					jQuery.event.add( elem, "change._change", function( event ) {
						if ( this.parentNode && !event.isSimulated && !event.isTrigger ) {
							jQuery.event.simulate( "change", this.parentNode, event, true );
						}
					});
					jQuery._data( elem, "changeBubbles", true );
				}
			});
		},

		handle: function( event ) {
			var elem = event.target;

			// Swallow native change events from checkbox/radio, we already triggered them above
			if ( this !== elem || event.isSimulated || event.isTrigger || (elem.type !== "radio" && elem.type !== "checkbox") ) {
				return event.handleObj.handler.apply( this, arguments );
			}
		},

		teardown: function() {
			jQuery.event.remove( this, "._change" );

			return !rformElems.test( this.nodeName );
		}
	};
}

// Create "bubbling" focus and blur events
if ( !support.focusinBubbles ) {
	jQuery.each({ focus: "focusin", blur: "focusout" }, function( orig, fix ) {

		// Attach a single capturing handler on the document while someone wants focusin/focusout
		var handler = function( event ) {
				jQuery.event.simulate( fix, event.target, jQuery.event.fix( event ), true );
			};

		jQuery.event.special[ fix ] = {
			setup: function() {
				var doc = this.ownerDocument || this,
					attaches = jQuery._data( doc, fix );

				if ( !attaches ) {
					doc.addEventListener( orig, handler, true );
				}
				jQuery._data( doc, fix, ( attaches || 0 ) + 1 );
			},
			teardown: function() {
				var doc = this.ownerDocument || this,
					attaches = jQuery._data( doc, fix ) - 1;

				if ( !attaches ) {
					doc.removeEventListener( orig, handler, true );
					jQuery._removeData( doc, fix );
				} else {
					jQuery._data( doc, fix, attaches );
				}
			}
		};
	});
}

jQuery.fn.extend({

	on: function( types, selector, data, fn, /*INTERNAL*/ one ) {
		var type, origFn;

		// Types can be a map of types/handlers
		if ( typeof types === "object" ) {
			// ( types-Object, selector, data )
			if ( typeof selector !== "string" ) {
				// ( types-Object, data )
				data = data || selector;
				selector = undefined;
			}
			for ( type in types ) {
				this.on( type, selector, data, types[ type ], one );
			}
			return this;
		}

		if ( data == null && fn == null ) {
			// ( types, fn )
			fn = selector;
			data = selector = undefined;
		} else if ( fn == null ) {
			if ( typeof selector === "string" ) {
				// ( types, selector, fn )
				fn = data;
				data = undefined;
			} else {
				// ( types, data, fn )
				fn = data;
				data = selector;
				selector = undefined;
			}
		}
		if ( fn === false ) {
			fn = returnFalse;
		} else if ( !fn ) {
			return this;
		}

		if ( one === 1 ) {
			origFn = fn;
			fn = function( event ) {
				// Can use an empty set, since event contains the info
				jQuery().off( event );
				return origFn.apply( this, arguments );
			};
			// Use same guid so caller can remove using origFn
			fn.guid = origFn.guid || ( origFn.guid = jQuery.guid++ );
		}
		return this.each( function() {
			jQuery.event.add( this, types, fn, data, selector );
		});
	},
	one: function( types, selector, data, fn ) {
		return this.on( types, selector, data, fn, 1 );
	},
	off: function( types, selector, fn ) {
		var handleObj, type;
		if ( types && types.preventDefault && types.handleObj ) {
			// ( event )  dispatched jQuery.Event
			handleObj = types.handleObj;
			jQuery( types.delegateTarget ).off(
				handleObj.namespace ? handleObj.origType + "." + handleObj.namespace : handleObj.origType,
				handleObj.selector,
				handleObj.handler
			);
			return this;
		}
		if ( typeof types === "object" ) {
			// ( types-object [, selector] )
			for ( type in types ) {
				this.off( type, selector, types[ type ] );
			}
			return this;
		}
		if ( selector === false || typeof selector === "function" ) {
			// ( types [, fn] )
			fn = selector;
			selector = undefined;
		}
		if ( fn === false ) {
			fn = returnFalse;
		}
		return this.each(function() {
			jQuery.event.remove( this, types, fn, selector );
		});
	},

	trigger: function( type, data ) {
		return this.each(function() {
			jQuery.event.trigger( type, data, this );
		});
	},
	triggerHandler: function( type, data ) {
		var elem = this[0];
		if ( elem ) {
			return jQuery.event.trigger( type, data, elem, true );
		}
	}
});


function createSafeFragment( document ) {
	var list = nodeNames.split( "|" ),
		safeFrag = document.createDocumentFragment();

	if ( safeFrag.createElement ) {
		while ( list.length ) {
			safeFrag.createElement(
				list.pop()
			);
		}
	}
	return safeFrag;
}

var nodeNames = "abbr|article|aside|audio|bdi|canvas|data|datalist|details|figcaption|figure|footer|" +
		"header|hgroup|mark|meter|nav|output|progress|section|summary|time|video",
	rinlinejQuery = / jQuery\d+="(?:null|\d+)"/g,
	rnoshimcache = new RegExp("<(?:" + nodeNames + ")[\\s/>]", "i"),
	rleadingWhitespace = /^\s+/,
	rxhtmlTag = /<(?!area|br|col|embed|hr|img|input|link|meta|param)(([\w:]+)[^>]*)\/>/gi,
	rtagName = /<([\w:]+)/,
	rtbody = /<tbody/i,
	rhtml = /<|&#?\w+;/,
	rnoInnerhtml = /<(?:script|style|link)/i,
	// checked="checked" or checked
	rchecked = /checked\s*(?:[^=]|=\s*.checked.)/i,
	rscriptType = /^$|\/(?:java|ecma)script/i,
	rscriptTypeMasked = /^true\/(.*)/,
	rcleanScript = /^\s*<!(?:\[CDATA\[|--)|(?:\]\]|--)>\s*$/g,

	// We have to close these tags to support XHTML (#13200)
	wrapMap = {
		option: [ 1, "<select multiple='multiple'>", "</select>" ],
		legend: [ 1, "<fieldset>", "</fieldset>" ],
		area: [ 1, "<map>", "</map>" ],
		param: [ 1, "<object>", "</object>" ],
		thead: [ 1, "<table>", "</table>" ],
		tr: [ 2, "<table><tbody>", "</tbody></table>" ],
		col: [ 2, "<table><tbody></tbody><colgroup>", "</colgroup></table>" ],
		td: [ 3, "<table><tbody><tr>", "</tr></tbody></table>" ],

		// IE6-8 can't serialize link, script, style, or any html5 (NoScope) tags,
		// unless wrapped in a div with non-breaking characters in front of it.
		_default: support.htmlSerialize ? [ 0, "", "" ] : [ 1, "X<div>", "</div>"  ]
	},
	safeFragment = createSafeFragment( document ),
	fragmentDiv = safeFragment.appendChild( document.createElement("div") );

wrapMap.optgroup = wrapMap.option;
wrapMap.tbody = wrapMap.tfoot = wrapMap.colgroup = wrapMap.caption = wrapMap.thead;
wrapMap.th = wrapMap.td;

function getAll( context, tag ) {
	var elems, elem,
		i = 0,
		found = typeof context.getElementsByTagName !== strundefined ? context.getElementsByTagName( tag || "*" ) :
			typeof context.querySelectorAll !== strundefined ? context.querySelectorAll( tag || "*" ) :
			undefined;

	if ( !found ) {
		for ( found = [], elems = context.childNodes || context; (elem = elems[i]) != null; i++ ) {
			if ( !tag || jQuery.nodeName( elem, tag ) ) {
				found.push( elem );
			} else {
				jQuery.merge( found, getAll( elem, tag ) );
			}
		}
	}

	return tag === undefined || tag && jQuery.nodeName( context, tag ) ?
		jQuery.merge( [ context ], found ) :
		found;
}

// Used in buildFragment, fixes the defaultChecked property
function fixDefaultChecked( elem ) {
	if ( rcheckableType.test( elem.type ) ) {
		elem.defaultChecked = elem.checked;
	}
}

// Support: IE<8
// Manipulating tables requires a tbody
function manipulationTarget( elem, content ) {
	return jQuery.nodeName( elem, "table" ) &&
		jQuery.nodeName( content.nodeType !== 11 ? content : content.firstChild, "tr" ) ?

		elem.getElementsByTagName("tbody")[0] ||
			elem.appendChild( elem.ownerDocument.createElement("tbody") ) :
		elem;
}

// Replace/restore the type attribute of script elements for safe DOM manipulation
function disableScript( elem ) {
	elem.type = (jQuery.find.attr( elem, "type" ) !== null) + "/" + elem.type;
	return elem;
}
function restoreScript( elem ) {
	var match = rscriptTypeMasked.exec( elem.type );
	if ( match ) {
		elem.type = match[1];
	} else {
		elem.removeAttribute("type");
	}
	return elem;
}

// Mark scripts as having already been evaluated
function setGlobalEval( elems, refElements ) {
	var elem,
		i = 0;
	for ( ; (elem = elems[i]) != null; i++ ) {
		jQuery._data( elem, "globalEval", !refElements || jQuery._data( refElements[i], "globalEval" ) );
	}
}

function cloneCopyEvent( src, dest ) {

	if ( dest.nodeType !== 1 || !jQuery.hasData( src ) ) {
		return;
	}

	var type, i, l,
		oldData = jQuery._data( src ),
		curData = jQuery._data( dest, oldData ),
		events = oldData.events;

	if ( events ) {
		delete curData.handle;
		curData.events = {};

		for ( type in events ) {
			for ( i = 0, l = events[ type ].length; i < l; i++ ) {
				jQuery.event.add( dest, type, events[ type ][ i ] );
			}
		}
	}

	// make the cloned public data object a copy from the original
	if ( curData.data ) {
		curData.data = jQuery.extend( {}, curData.data );
	}
}

function fixCloneNodeIssues( src, dest ) {
	var nodeName, e, data;

	// We do not need to do anything for non-Elements
	if ( dest.nodeType !== 1 ) {
		return;
	}

	nodeName = dest.nodeName.toLowerCase();

	// IE6-8 copies events bound via attachEvent when using cloneNode.
	if ( !support.noCloneEvent && dest[ jQuery.expando ] ) {
		data = jQuery._data( dest );

		for ( e in data.events ) {
			jQuery.removeEvent( dest, e, data.handle );
		}

		// Event data gets referenced instead of copied if the expando gets copied too
		dest.removeAttribute( jQuery.expando );
	}

	// IE blanks contents when cloning scripts, and tries to evaluate newly-set text
	if ( nodeName === "script" && dest.text !== src.text ) {
		disableScript( dest ).text = src.text;
		restoreScript( dest );

	// IE6-10 improperly clones children of object elements using classid.
	// IE10 throws NoModificationAllowedError if parent is null, #12132.
	} else if ( nodeName === "object" ) {
		if ( dest.parentNode ) {
			dest.outerHTML = src.outerHTML;
		}

		// This path appears unavoidable for IE9. When cloning an object
		// element in IE9, the outerHTML strategy above is not sufficient.
		// If the src has innerHTML and the destination does not,
		// copy the src.innerHTML into the dest.innerHTML. #10324
		if ( support.html5Clone && ( src.innerHTML && !jQuery.trim(dest.innerHTML) ) ) {
			dest.innerHTML = src.innerHTML;
		}

	} else if ( nodeName === "input" && rcheckableType.test( src.type ) ) {
		// IE6-8 fails to persist the checked state of a cloned checkbox
		// or radio button. Worse, IE6-7 fail to give the cloned element
		// a checked appearance if the defaultChecked value isn't also set

		dest.defaultChecked = dest.checked = src.checked;

		// IE6-7 get confused and end up setting the value of a cloned
		// checkbox/radio button to an empty string instead of "on"
		if ( dest.value !== src.value ) {
			dest.value = src.value;
		}

	// IE6-8 fails to return the selected option to the default selected
	// state when cloning options
	} else if ( nodeName === "option" ) {
		dest.defaultSelected = dest.selected = src.defaultSelected;

	// IE6-8 fails to set the defaultValue to the correct value when
	// cloning other types of input fields
	} else if ( nodeName === "input" || nodeName === "textarea" ) {
		dest.defaultValue = src.defaultValue;
	}
}

jQuery.extend({
	clone: function( elem, dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ) {
		var destElements, node, clone, i, srcElements,
			inPage = jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem );

		if ( support.html5Clone || jQuery.isXMLDoc(elem) || !rnoshimcache.test( "<" + elem.nodeName + ">" ) ) {
			clone = elem.cloneNode( true );

		// IE<=8 does not properly clone detached, unknown element nodes
		} else {
			fragmentDiv.innerHTML = elem.outerHTML;
			fragmentDiv.removeChild( clone = fragmentDiv.firstChild );
		}

		if ( (!support.noCloneEvent || !support.noCloneChecked) &&
				(elem.nodeType === 1 || elem.nodeType === 11) && !jQuery.isXMLDoc(elem) ) {

			// We eschew Sizzle here for performance reasons: http://jsperf.com/getall-vs-sizzle/2
			destElements = getAll( clone );
			srcElements = getAll( elem );

			// Fix all IE cloning issues
			for ( i = 0; (node = srcElements[i]) != null; ++i ) {
				// Ensure that the destination node is not null; Fixes #9587
				if ( destElements[i] ) {
					fixCloneNodeIssues( node, destElements[i] );
				}
			}
		}

		// Copy the events from the original to the clone
		if ( dataAndEvents ) {
			if ( deepDataAndEvents ) {
				srcElements = srcElements || getAll( elem );
				destElements = destElements || getAll( clone );

				for ( i = 0; (node = srcElements[i]) != null; i++ ) {
					cloneCopyEvent( node, destElements[i] );
				}
			} else {
				cloneCopyEvent( elem, clone );
			}
		}

		// Preserve script evaluation history
		destElements = getAll( clone, "script" );
		if ( destElements.length > 0 ) {
			setGlobalEval( destElements, !inPage && getAll( elem, "script" ) );
		}

		destElements = srcElements = node = null;

		// Return the cloned set
		return clone;
	},

	buildFragment: function( elems, context, scripts, selection ) {
		var j, elem, contains,
			tmp, tag, tbody, wrap,
			l = elems.length,

			// Ensure a safe fragment
			safe = createSafeFragment( context ),

			nodes = [],
			i = 0;

		for ( ; i < l; i++ ) {
			elem = elems[ i ];

			if ( elem || elem === 0 ) {

				// Add nodes directly
				if ( jQuery.type( elem ) === "object" ) {
					jQuery.merge( nodes, elem.nodeType ? [ elem ] : elem );

				// Convert non-html into a text node
				} else if ( !rhtml.test( elem ) ) {
					nodes.push( context.createTextNode( elem ) );

				// Convert html into DOM nodes
				} else {
					tmp = tmp || safe.appendChild( context.createElement("div") );

					// Deserialize a standard representation
					tag = (rtagName.exec( elem ) || [ "", "" ])[ 1 ].toLowerCase();
					wrap = wrapMap[ tag ] || wrapMap._default;

					tmp.innerHTML = wrap[1] + elem.replace( rxhtmlTag, "<$1></$2>" ) + wrap[2];

					// Descend through wrappers to the right content
					j = wrap[0];
					while ( j-- ) {
						tmp = tmp.lastChild;
					}

					// Manually add leading whitespace removed by IE
					if ( !support.leadingWhitespace && rleadingWhitespace.test( elem ) ) {
						nodes.push( context.createTextNode( rleadingWhitespace.exec( elem )[0] ) );
					}

					// Remove IE's autoinserted <tbody> from table fragments
					if ( !support.tbody ) {

						// String was a <table>, *may* have spurious <tbody>
						elem = tag === "table" && !rtbody.test( elem ) ?
							tmp.firstChild :

							// String was a bare <thead> or <tfoot>
							wrap[1] === "<table>" && !rtbody.test( elem ) ?
								tmp :
								0;

						j = elem && elem.childNodes.length;
						while ( j-- ) {
							if ( jQuery.nodeName( (tbody = elem.childNodes[j]), "tbody" ) && !tbody.childNodes.length ) {
								elem.removeChild( tbody );
							}
						}
					}

					jQuery.merge( nodes, tmp.childNodes );

					// Fix #12392 for WebKit and IE > 9
					tmp.textContent = "";

					// Fix #12392 for oldIE
					while ( tmp.firstChild ) {
						tmp.removeChild( tmp.firstChild );
					}

					// Remember the top-level container for proper cleanup
					tmp = safe.lastChild;
				}
			}
		}

		// Fix #11356: Clear elements from fragment
		if ( tmp ) {
			safe.removeChild( tmp );
		}

		// Reset defaultChecked for any radios and checkboxes
		// about to be appended to the DOM in IE 6/7 (#8060)
		if ( !support.appendChecked ) {
			jQuery.grep( getAll( nodes, "input" ), fixDefaultChecked );
		}

		i = 0;
		while ( (elem = nodes[ i++ ]) ) {

			// #4087 - If origin and destination elements are the same, and this is
			// that element, do not do anything
			if ( selection && jQuery.inArray( elem, selection ) !== -1 ) {
				continue;
			}

			contains = jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem );

			// Append to fragment
			tmp = getAll( safe.appendChild( elem ), "script" );

			// Preserve script evaluation history
			if ( contains ) {
				setGlobalEval( tmp );
			}

			// Capture executables
			if ( scripts ) {
				j = 0;
				while ( (elem = tmp[ j++ ]) ) {
					if ( rscriptType.test( elem.type || "" ) ) {
						scripts.push( elem );
					}
				}
			}
		}

		tmp = null;

		return safe;
	},

	cleanData: function( elems, /* internal */ acceptData ) {
		var elem, type, id, data,
			i = 0,
			internalKey = jQuery.expando,
			cache = jQuery.cache,
			deleteExpando = support.deleteExpando,
			special = jQuery.event.special;

		for ( ; (elem = elems[i]) != null; i++ ) {
			if ( acceptData || jQuery.acceptData( elem ) ) {

				id = elem[ internalKey ];
				data = id && cache[ id ];

				if ( data ) {
					if ( data.events ) {
						for ( type in data.events ) {
							if ( special[ type ] ) {
								jQuery.event.remove( elem, type );

							// This is a shortcut to avoid jQuery.event.remove's overhead
							} else {
								jQuery.removeEvent( elem, type, data.handle );
							}
						}
					}

					// Remove cache only if it was not already removed by jQuery.event.remove
					if ( cache[ id ] ) {

						delete cache[ id ];

						// IE does not allow us to delete expando properties from nodes,
						// nor does it have a removeAttribute function on Document nodes;
						// we must handle all of these cases
						if ( deleteExpando ) {
							delete elem[ internalKey ];

						} else if ( typeof elem.removeAttribute !== strundefined ) {
							elem.removeAttribute( internalKey );

						} else {
							elem[ internalKey ] = null;
						}

						deletedIds.push( id );
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}
});

jQuery.fn.extend({
	text: function( value ) {
		return access( this, function( value ) {
			return value === undefined ?
				jQuery.text( this ) :
				this.empty().append( ( this[0] && this[0].ownerDocument || document ).createTextNode( value ) );
		}, null, value, arguments.length );
	},

	append: function() {
		return this.domManip( arguments, function( elem ) {
			if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) {
				var target = manipulationTarget( this, elem );
				target.appendChild( elem );
			}
		});
	},

	prepend: function() {
		return this.domManip( arguments, function( elem ) {
			if ( this.nodeType === 1 || this.nodeType === 11 || this.nodeType === 9 ) {
				var target = manipulationTarget( this, elem );
				target.insertBefore( elem, target.firstChild );
			}
		});
	},

	before: function() {
		return this.domManip( arguments, function( elem ) {
			if ( this.parentNode ) {
				this.parentNode.insertBefore( elem, this );
			}
		});
	},

	after: function() {
		return this.domManip( arguments, function( elem ) {
			if ( this.parentNode ) {
				this.parentNode.insertBefore( elem, this.nextSibling );
			}
		});
	},

	remove: function( selector, keepData /* Internal Use Only */ ) {
		var elem,
			elems = selector ? jQuery.filter( selector, this ) : this,
			i = 0;

		for ( ; (elem = elems[i]) != null; i++ ) {

			if ( !keepData && elem.nodeType === 1 ) {
				jQuery.cleanData( getAll( elem ) );
			}

			if ( elem.parentNode ) {
				if ( keepData && jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem ) ) {
					setGlobalEval( getAll( elem, "script" ) );
				}
				elem.parentNode.removeChild( elem );
			}
		}

		return this;
	},

	empty: function() {
		var elem,
			i = 0;

		for ( ; (elem = this[i]) != null; i++ ) {
			// Remove element nodes and prevent memory leaks
			if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) {
				jQuery.cleanData( getAll( elem, false ) );
			}

			// Remove any remaining nodes
			while ( elem.firstChild ) {
				elem.removeChild( elem.firstChild );
			}

			// If this is a select, ensure that it displays empty (#12336)
			// Support: IE<9
			if ( elem.options && jQuery.nodeName( elem, "select" ) ) {
				elem.options.length = 0;
			}
		}

		return this;
	},

	clone: function( dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents ) {
		dataAndEvents = dataAndEvents == null ? false : dataAndEvents;
		deepDataAndEvents = deepDataAndEvents == null ? dataAndEvents : deepDataAndEvents;

		return this.map(function() {
			return jQuery.clone( this, dataAndEvents, deepDataAndEvents );
		});
	},

	html: function( value ) {
		return access( this, function( value ) {
			var elem = this[ 0 ] || {},
				i = 0,
				l = this.length;

			if ( value === undefined ) {
				return elem.nodeType === 1 ?
					elem.innerHTML.replace( rinlinejQuery, "" ) :
					undefined;
			}

			// See if we can take a shortcut and just use innerHTML
			if ( typeof value === "string" && !rnoInnerhtml.test( value ) &&
				( support.htmlSerialize || !rnoshimcache.test( value )  ) &&
				( support.leadingWhitespace || !rleadingWhitespace.test( value ) ) &&
				!wrapMap[ (rtagName.exec( value ) || [ "", "" ])[ 1 ].toLowerCase() ] ) {

				value = value.replace( rxhtmlTag, "<$1></$2>" );

				try {
					for (; i < l; i++ ) {
						// Remove element nodes and prevent memory leaks
						elem = this[i] || {};
						if ( elem.nodeType === 1 ) {
							jQuery.cleanData( getAll( elem, false ) );
							elem.innerHTML = value;
						}
					}

					elem = 0;

				// If using innerHTML throws an exception, use the fallback method
				} catch(e) {}
			}

			if ( elem ) {
				this.empty().append( value );
			}
		}, null, value, arguments.length );
	},

	replaceWith: function() {
		var arg = arguments[ 0 ];

		// Make the changes, replacing each context element with the new content
		this.domManip( arguments, function( elem ) {
			arg = this.parentNode;

			jQuery.cleanData( getAll( this ) );

			if ( arg ) {
				arg.replaceChild( elem, this );
			}
		});

		// Force removal if there was no new content (e.g., from empty arguments)
		return arg && (arg.length || arg.nodeType) ? this : this.remove();
	},

	detach: function( selector ) {
		return this.remove( selector, true );
	},

	domManip: function( args, callback ) {

		// Flatten any nested arrays
		args = concat.apply( [], args );

		var first, node, hasScripts,
			scripts, doc, fragment,
			i = 0,
			l = this.length,
			set = this,
			iNoClone = l - 1,
			value = args[0],
			isFunction = jQuery.isFunction( value );

		// We can't cloneNode fragments that contain checked, in WebKit
		if ( isFunction ||
				( l > 1 && typeof value === "string" &&
					!support.checkClone && rchecked.test( value ) ) ) {
			return this.each(function( index ) {
				var self = set.eq( index );
				if ( isFunction ) {
					args[0] = value.call( this, index, self.html() );
				}
				self.domManip( args, callback );
			});
		}

		if ( l ) {
			fragment = jQuery.buildFragment( args, this[ 0 ].ownerDocument, false, this );
			first = fragment.firstChild;

			if ( fragment.childNodes.length === 1 ) {
				fragment = first;
			}

			if ( first ) {
				scripts = jQuery.map( getAll( fragment, "script" ), disableScript );
				hasScripts = scripts.length;

				// Use the original fragment for the last item instead of the first because it can end up
				// being emptied incorrectly in certain situations (#8070).
				for ( ; i < l; i++ ) {
					node = fragment;

					if ( i !== iNoClone ) {
						node = jQuery.clone( node, true, true );

						// Keep references to cloned scripts for later restoration
						if ( hasScripts ) {
							jQuery.merge( scripts, getAll( node, "script" ) );
						}
					}

					callback.call( this[i], node, i );
				}

				if ( hasScripts ) {
					doc = scripts[ scripts.length - 1 ].ownerDocument;

					// Reenable scripts
					jQuery.map( scripts, restoreScript );

					// Evaluate executable scripts on first document insertion
					for ( i = 0; i < hasScripts; i++ ) {
						node = scripts[ i ];
						if ( rscriptType.test( node.type || "" ) &&
							!jQuery._data( node, "globalEval" ) && jQuery.contains( doc, node ) ) {

							if ( node.src ) {
								// Optional AJAX dependency, but won't run scripts if not present
								if ( jQuery._evalUrl ) {
									jQuery._evalUrl( node.src );
								}
							} else {
								jQuery.globalEval( ( node.text || node.textContent || node.innerHTML || "" ).replace( rcleanScript, "" ) );
							}
						}
					}
				}

				// Fix #11809: Avoid leaking memory
				fragment = first = null;
			}
		}

		return this;
	}
});

jQuery.each({
	appendTo: "append",
	prependTo: "prepend",
	insertBefore: "before",
	insertAfter: "after",
	replaceAll: "replaceWith"
}, function( name, original ) {
	jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( selector ) {
		var elems,
			i = 0,
			ret = [],
			insert = jQuery( selector ),
			last = insert.length - 1;

		for ( ; i <= last; i++ ) {
			elems = i === last ? this : this.clone(true);
			jQuery( insert[i] )[ original ]( elems );

			// Modern browsers can apply jQuery collections as arrays, but oldIE needs a .get()
			push.apply( ret, elems.get() );
		}

		return this.pushStack( ret );
	};
});


var iframe,
	elemdisplay = {};

/**
 * Retrieve the actual display of a element
 * @param {String} name nodeName of the element
 * @param {Object} doc Document object
 */
// Called only from within defaultDisplay
function actualDisplay( name, doc ) {
	var style,
		elem = jQuery( doc.createElement( name ) ).appendTo( doc.body ),

		// getDefaultComputedStyle might be reliably used only on attached element
		display = window.getDefaultComputedStyle && ( style = window.getDefaultComputedStyle( elem[ 0 ] ) ) ?

			// Use of this method is a temporary fix (more like optmization) until something better comes along,
			// since it was removed from specification and supported only in FF
			style.display : jQuery.css( elem[ 0 ], "display" );

	// We don't have any data stored on the element,
	// so use "detach" method as fast way to get rid of the element
	elem.detach();

	return display;
}

/**
 * Try to determine the default display value of an element
 * @param {String} nodeName
 */
function defaultDisplay( nodeName ) {
	var doc = document,
		display = elemdisplay[ nodeName ];

	if ( !display ) {
		display = actualDisplay( nodeName, doc );

		// If the simple way fails, read from inside an iframe
		if ( display === "none" || !display ) {

			// Use the already-created iframe if possible
			iframe = (iframe || jQuery( "<iframe frameborder='0' width='0' height='0'/>" )).appendTo( doc.documentElement );

			// Always write a new HTML skeleton so Webkit and Firefox don't choke on reuse
			doc = ( iframe[ 0 ].contentWindow || iframe[ 0 ].contentDocument ).document;

			// Support: IE
			doc.write();
			doc.close();

			display = actualDisplay( nodeName, doc );
			iframe.detach();
		}

		// Store the correct default display
		elemdisplay[ nodeName ] = display;
	}

	return display;
}


(function() {
	var shrinkWrapBlocksVal;

	support.shrinkWrapBlocks = function() {
		if ( shrinkWrapBlocksVal != null ) {
			return shrinkWrapBlocksVal;
		}

		// Will be changed later if needed.
		shrinkWrapBlocksVal = false;

		// Minified: var b,c,d
		var div, body, container;

		body = document.getElementsByTagName( "body" )[ 0 ];
		if ( !body || !body.style ) {
			// Test fired too early or in an unsupported environment, exit.
			return;
		}

		// Setup
		div = document.createElement( "div" );
		container = document.createElement( "div" );
		container.style.cssText = "position:absolute;border:0;width:0;height:0;top:0;left:-9999px";
		body.appendChild( container ).appendChild( div );

		// Support: IE6
		// Check if elements with layout shrink-wrap their children
		if ( typeof div.style.zoom !== strundefined ) {
			// Reset CSS: box-sizing; display; margin; border
			div.style.cssText =
				// Support: Firefox<29, Android 2.3
				// Vendor-prefix box-sizing
				"-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;-moz-box-sizing:content-box;" +
				"box-sizing:content-box;display:block;margin:0;border:0;" +
				"padding:1px;width:1px;zoom:1";
			div.appendChild( document.createElement( "div" ) ).style.width = "5px";
			shrinkWrapBlocksVal = div.offsetWidth !== 3;
		}

		body.removeChild( container );

		return shrinkWrapBlocksVal;
	};

})();
var rmargin = (/^margin/);

var rnumnonpx = new RegExp( "^(" + pnum + ")(?!px)[a-z%]+$", "i" );


var getStyles, curCSS,
	rposition = /^(top|right|bottom|left)$/;

if ( window.getComputedStyle ) {
	getStyles = function( elem ) {
		return elem.ownerDocument.defaultView.getComputedStyle( elem, null );
	};

	curCSS = function( elem, name, computed ) {
		var width, minWidth, maxWidth, ret,
			style = elem.style;

		computed = computed || getStyles( elem );

		// getPropertyValue is only needed for .css('filter') in IE9, see #12537
		ret = computed ? computed.getPropertyValue( name ) || computed[ name ] : undefined;

		if ( computed ) {

			if ( ret === "" && !jQuery.contains( elem.ownerDocument, elem ) ) {
				ret = jQuery.style( elem, name );
			}

			// A tribute to the "awesome hack by Dean Edwards"
			// Chrome < 17 and Safari 5.0 uses "computed value" instead of "used value" for margin-right
			// Safari 5.1.7 (at least) returns percentage for a larger set of values, but width seems to be reliably pixels
			// this is against the CSSOM draft spec: http://dev.w3.org/csswg/cssom/#resolved-values
			if ( rnumnonpx.test( ret ) && rmargin.test( name ) ) {

				// Remember the original values
				width = style.width;
				minWidth = style.minWidth;
				maxWidth = style.maxWidth;

				// Put in the new values to get a computed value out
				style.minWidth = style.maxWidth = style.width = ret;
				ret = computed.width;

				// Revert the changed values
				style.width = width;
				style.minWidth = minWidth;
				style.maxWidth = maxWidth;
			}
		}

		// Support: IE
		// IE returns zIndex value as an integer.
		return ret === undefined ?
			ret :
			ret + "";
	};
} else if ( document.documentElement.currentStyle ) {
	getStyles = function( elem ) {
		return elem.currentStyle;
	};

	curCSS = function( elem, name, computed ) {
		var left, rs, rsLeft, ret,
			style = elem.style;

		computed = computed || getStyles( elem );
		ret = computed ? computed[ name ] : undefined;

		// Avoid setting ret to empty string here
		// so we don't default to auto
		if ( ret == null && style && style[ name ] ) {
			ret = style[ name ];
		}

		// From the awesome hack by Dean Edwards
		// http://erik.eae.net/archives/2007/07/27/18.54.15/#comment-102291

		// If we're not dealing with a regular pixel number
		// but a number that has a weird ending, we need to convert it to pixels
		// but not position css attributes, as those are proportional to the parent element instead
		// and we can't measure the parent instead because it might trigger a "stacking dolls" problem
		if ( rnumnonpx.test( ret ) && !rposition.test( name ) ) {

			// Remember the original values
			left = style.left;
			rs = elem.runtimeStyle;
			rsLeft = rs && rs.left;

			// Put in the new values to get a computed value out
			if ( rsLeft ) {
				rs.left = elem.currentStyle.left;
			}
			style.left = name === "fontSize" ? "1em" : ret;
			ret = style.pixelLeft + "px";

			// Revert the changed values
			style.left = left;
			if ( rsLeft ) {
				rs.left = rsLeft;
			}
		}

		// Support: IE
		// IE returns zIndex value as an integer.
		return ret === undefined ?
			ret :
			ret + "" || "auto";
	};
}


function addGetHookIf( conditionFn, hookFn ) {
	// Define the hook, we'll check on the first run if it's really needed.
	return {
		get: function() {
			var condition = conditionFn();

			if ( condition == null ) {
				// The test was not ready at this point; screw the hook this time
				// but check again when needed next time.
				return;
			}

			if ( condition ) {
				// Hook not needed (or it's not possible to use it due to missing dependency),
				// remove it.
				// Since there are no other hooks for marginRight, remove the whole object.
				delete this.get;
				return;
			}

			// Hook needed; redefine it so that the support test is not executed again.

			return (this.get = hookFn).apply( this, arguments );
		}
	};
}


(function() {
	// Minified: var b,c,d,e,f,g, h,i
	var div, style, a, pixelPositionVal, boxSizingReliableVal,
		reliableHiddenOffsetsVal, reliableMarginRightVal;

	// Setup
	div = document.createElement( "div" );
	div.innerHTML = "  <link/><table></table><a href='/a'>a</a><input type='checkbox'/>";
	a = div.getElementsByTagName( "a" )[ 0 ];
	style = a && a.style;

	// Finish early in limited (non-browser) environments
	if ( !style ) {
		return;
	}

	style.cssText = "float:left;opacity:.5";

	// Support: IE<9
	// Make sure that element opacity exists (as opposed to filter)
	support.opacity = style.opacity === "0.5";

	// Verify style float existence
	// (IE uses styleFloat instead of cssFloat)
	support.cssFloat = !!style.cssFloat;

	div.style.backgroundClip = "content-box";
	div.cloneNode( true ).style.backgroundClip = "";
	support.clearCloneStyle = div.style.backgroundClip === "content-box";

	// Support: Firefox<29, Android 2.3
	// Vendor-prefix box-sizing
	support.boxSizing = style.boxSizing === "" || style.MozBoxSizing === "" ||
		style.WebkitBoxSizing === "";

	jQuery.extend(support, {
		reliableHiddenOffsets: function() {
			if ( reliableHiddenOffsetsVal == null ) {
				computeStyleTests();
			}
			return reliableHiddenOffsetsVal;
		},

		boxSizingReliable: function() {
			if ( boxSizingReliableVal == null ) {
				computeStyleTests();
			}
			return boxSizingReliableVal;
		},

		pixelPosition: function() {
			if ( pixelPositionVal == null ) {
				computeStyleTests();
			}
			return pixelPositionVal;
		},

		// Support: Android 2.3
		reliableMarginRight: function() {
			if ( reliableMarginRightVal == null ) {
				computeStyleTests();
			}
			return reliableMarginRightVal;
		}
	});

	function computeStyleTests() {
		// Minified: var b,c,d,j
		var div, body, container, contents;

		body = document.getElementsByTagName( "body" )[ 0 ];
		if ( !body || !body.style ) {
			// Test fired too early or in an unsupported environment, exit.
			return;
		}

		// Setup
		div = document.createElement( "div" );
		container = document.createElement( "div" );
		container.style.cssText = "position:absolute;border:0;width:0;height:0;top:0;left:-9999px";
		body.appendChild( container ).appendChild( div );

		div.style.cssText =
			// Support: Firefox<29, Android 2.3
			// Vendor-prefix box-sizing
			"-webkit-box-sizing:border-box;-moz-box-sizing:border-box;" +
			"box-sizing:border-box;display:block;margin-top:1%;top:1%;" +
			"border:1px;padding:1px;width:4px;position:absolute";

		// Support: IE<9
		// Assume reasonable values in the absence of getComputedStyle
		pixelPositionVal = boxSizingReliableVal = false;
		reliableMarginRightVal = true;

		// Check for getComputedStyle so that this code is not run in IE<9.
		if ( window.getComputedStyle ) {
			pixelPositionVal = ( window.getComputedStyle( div, null ) || {} ).top !== "1%";
			boxSizingReliableVal =
				( window.getComputedStyle( div, null ) || { width: "4px" } ).width === "4px";

			// Support: Android 2.3
			// Div with explicit width and no margin-right incorrectly
			// gets computed margin-right based on width of container (#3333)
			// WebKit Bug 13343 - getComputedStyle returns wrong value for margin-right
			contents = div.appendChild( document.createElement( "div" ) );

			// Reset CSS: box-sizing; display; margin; border; padding
			contents.style.cssText = div.style.cssText =
				// Support: Firefox<29, Android 2.3
				// Vendor-prefix box-sizing
				"-webkit-box-sizing:content-box;-moz-box-sizing:content-box;" +
				"box-sizing:content-box;display:block;margin:0;border:0;padding:0";
			contents.style.marginRight = contents.style.width = "0";
			div.style.width = "1px";

			reliableMarginRightVal =
				!parseFloat( ( window.getComputedStyle( contents, null ) || {} ).marginRight );
		}

		// Support: IE8
		// Check if table cells still have offsetWidth/Height when they are set
		// to display:none and there are still other visible table cells in a
		// table row; if so, offsetWidth/Height are not reliable for use when
		// determining if an element has been hidden directly using
		// display:none (it is still safe to use offsets if a parent element is
		// hidden; don safety goggles and see bug #4512 for more information).
		div.innerHTML = "<table><tr><td></td><td>t</td></tr></table>";
		contents = div.getElementsByTagName( "td" );
		contents[ 0 ].style.cssText = "margin:0;border:0;padding:0;display:none";
		reliableHiddenOffsetsVal = contents[ 0 ].offsetHeight === 0;
		if ( reliableHiddenOffsetsVal ) {
			contents[ 0 ].style.display = "";
			contents[ 1 ].style.display = "none";
			reliableHiddenOffsetsVal = contents[ 0 ].offsetHeight === 0;
		}

		body.removeChild( container );
	}

})();


// A method for quickly swapping in/out CSS properties to get correct calculations.
jQuery.swap = function( elem, options, callback, args ) {
	var ret, name,
		old = {};

	// Remember the old values, and insert the new ones
	for ( name in options ) {
		old[ name ] = elem.style[ name ];
		elem.style[ name ] = options[ name ];
	}

	ret = callback.apply( elem, args || [] );

	// Revert the old values
	for ( name in options ) {
		elem.style[ name ] = old[ name ];
	}

	return ret;
};


var
		ralpha = /alpha\([^)]*\)/i,
	ropacity = /opacity\s*=\s*([^)]*)/,

	// swappable if display is none or starts with table except "table", "table-cell", or "table-caption"
	// see here for display values: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/CSS/display
	rdisplayswap = /^(none|table(?!-c[ea]).+)/,
	rnumsplit = new RegExp( "^(" + pnum + ")(.*)$", "i" ),
	rrelNum = new RegExp( "^([+-])=(" + pnum + ")", "i" ),

	cssShow = { position: "absolute", visibility: "hidden", display: "block" },
	cssNormalTransform = {
		letterSpacing: "0",
		fontWeight: "400"
	},

	cssPrefixes = [ "Webkit", "O", "Moz", "ms" ];


// return a css property mapped to a potentially vendor prefixed property
function vendorPropName( style, name ) {

	// shortcut for names that are not vendor prefixed
	if ( name in style ) {
		return name;
	}

	// check for vendor prefixed names
	var capName = name.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + name.slice(1),
		origName = name,
		i = cssPrefixes.length;

	while ( i-- ) {
		name = cssPrefixes[ i ] + capName;
		if ( name in style ) {
			return name;
		}
	}

	return origName;
}

function showHide( elements, show ) {
	var display, elem, hidden,
		values = [],
		index = 0,
		length = elements.length;

	for ( ; index < length; index++ ) {
		elem = elements[ index ];
		if ( !elem.style ) {
			continue;
		}

		values[ index ] = jQuery._data( elem, "olddisplay" );
		display = elem.style.display;
		if ( show ) {
			// Reset the inline display of this element to learn if it is
			// being hidden by cascaded rules or not
			if ( !values[ index ] && display === "none" ) {
				elem.style.display = "";
			}

			// Set elements which have been overridden with display: none
			// in a stylesheet to whatever the default browser style is
			// for such an element
			if ( elem.style.display === "" && isHidden( elem ) ) {
				values[ index ] = jQuery._data( elem, "olddisplay", defaultDisplay(elem.nodeName) );
			}
		} else {
			hidden = isHidden( elem );

			if ( display && display !== "none" || !hidden ) {
				jQuery._data( elem, "olddisplay", hidden ? display : jQuery.css( elem, "display" ) );
			}
		}
	}

	// Set the display of most of the elements in a second loop
	// to avoid the constant reflow
	for ( index = 0; index < length; index++ ) {
		elem = elements[ index ];
		if ( !elem.style ) {
			continue;
		}
		if ( !show || elem.style.display === "none" || elem.style.display === "" ) {
			elem.style.display = show ? values[ index ] || "" : "none";
		}
	}

	return elements;
}

function setPositiveNumber( elem, value, subtract ) {
	var matches = rnumsplit.exec( value );
	return matches ?
		// Guard against undefined "subtract", e.g., when used as in cssHooks
		Math.max( 0, matches[ 1 ] - ( subtract || 0 ) ) + ( matches[ 2 ] || "px" ) :
		value;
}

function augmentWidthOrHeight( elem, name, extra, isBorderBox, styles ) {
	var i = extra === ( isBorderBox ? "border" : "content" ) ?
		// If we already have the right measurement, avoid augmentation
		4 :
		// Otherwise initialize for horizontal or vertical properties
		name === "width" ? 1 : 0,

		val = 0;

	for ( ; i < 4; i += 2 ) {
		// both box models exclude margin, so add it if we want it
		if ( extra === "margin" ) {
			val += jQuery.css( elem, extra + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles );
		}

		if ( isBorderBox ) {
			// border-box includes padding, so remove it if we want content
			if ( extra === "content" ) {
				val -= jQuery.css( elem, "padding" + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles );
			}

			// at this point, extra isn't border nor margin, so remove border
			if ( extra !== "margin" ) {
				val -= jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles );
			}
		} else {
			// at this point, extra isn't content, so add padding
			val += jQuery.css( elem, "padding" + cssExpand[ i ], true, styles );

			// at this point, extra isn't content nor padding, so add border
			if ( extra !== "padding" ) {
				val += jQuery.css( elem, "border" + cssExpand[ i ] + "Width", true, styles );
			}
		}
	}

	return val;
}

function getWidthOrHeight( elem, name, extra ) {

	// Start with offset property, which is equivalent to the border-box value
	var valueIsBorderBox = true,
		val = name === "width" ? elem.offsetWidth : elem.offsetHeight,
		styles = getStyles( elem ),
		isBorderBox = support.boxSizing && jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box";

	// some non-html elements return undefined for offsetWidth, so check for null/undefined
	// svg - https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=649285
	// MathML - https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=491668
	if ( val <= 0 || val == null ) {
		// Fall back to computed then uncomputed css if necessary
		val = curCSS( elem, name, styles );
		if ( val < 0 || val == null ) {
			val = elem.style[ name ];
		}

		// Computed unit is not pixels. Stop here and return.
		if ( rnumnonpx.test(val) ) {
			return val;
		}

		// we need the check for style in case a browser which returns unreliable values
		// for getComputedStyle silently falls back to the reliable elem.style
		valueIsBorderBox = isBorderBox && ( support.boxSizingReliable() || val === elem.style[ name ] );

		// Normalize "", auto, and prepare for extra
		val = parseFloat( val ) || 0;
	}

	// use the active box-sizing model to add/subtract irrelevant styles
	return ( val +
		augmentWidthOrHeight(
			elem,
			name,
			extra || ( isBorderBox ? "border" : "content" ),
			valueIsBorderBox,
			styles
		)
	) + "px";
}

jQuery.extend({
	// Add in style property hooks for overriding the default
	// behavior of getting and setting a style property
	cssHooks: {
		opacity: {
			get: function( elem, computed ) {
				if ( computed ) {
					// We should always get a number back from opacity
					var ret = curCSS( elem, "opacity" );
					return ret === "" ? "1" : ret;
				}
			}
		}
	},

	// Don't automatically add "px" to these possibly-unitless properties
	cssNumber: {
		"columnCount": true,
		"fillOpacity": true,
		"flexGrow": true,
		"flexShrink": true,
		"fontWeight": true,
		"lineHeight": true,
		"opacity": true,
		"order": true,
		"orphans": true,
		"widows": true,
		"zIndex": true,
		"zoom": true
	},

	// Add in properties whose names you wish to fix before
	// setting or getting the value
	cssProps: {
		// normalize float css property
		"float": support.cssFloat ? "cssFloat" : "styleFloat"
	},

	// Get and set the style property on a DOM Node
	style: function( elem, name, value, extra ) {
		// Don't set styles on text and comment nodes
		if ( !elem || elem.nodeType === 3 || elem.nodeType === 8 || !elem.style ) {
			return;
		}

		// Make sure that we're working with the right name
		var ret, type, hooks,
			origName = jQuery.camelCase( name ),
			style = elem.style;

		name = jQuery.cssProps[ origName ] || ( jQuery.cssProps[ origName ] = vendorPropName( style, origName ) );

		// gets hook for the prefixed version
		// followed by the unprefixed version
		hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ] || jQuery.cssHooks[ origName ];

		// Check if we're setting a value
		if ( value !== undefined ) {
			type = typeof value;

			// convert relative number strings (+= or -=) to relative numbers. #7345
			if ( type === "string" && (ret = rrelNum.exec( value )) ) {
				value = ( ret[1] + 1 ) * ret[2] + parseFloat( jQuery.css( elem, name ) );
				// Fixes bug #9237
				type = "number";
			}

			// Make sure that null and NaN values aren't set. See: #7116
			if ( value == null || value !== value ) {
				return;
			}

			// If a number was passed in, add 'px' to the (except for certain CSS properties)
			if ( type === "number" && !jQuery.cssNumber[ origName ] ) {
				value += "px";
			}

			// Fixes #8908, it can be done more correctly by specifing setters in cssHooks,
			// but it would mean to define eight (for every problematic property) identical functions
			if ( !support.clearCloneStyle && value === "" && name.indexOf("background") === 0 ) {
				style[ name ] = "inherit";
			}

			// If a hook was provided, use that value, otherwise just set the specified value
			if ( !hooks || !("set" in hooks) || (value = hooks.set( elem, value, extra )) !== undefined ) {

				// Support: IE
				// Swallow errors from 'invalid' CSS values (#5509)
				try {
					style[ name ] = value;
				} catch(e) {}
			}

		} else {
			// If a hook was provided get the non-computed value from there
			if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && (ret = hooks.get( elem, false, extra )) !== undefined ) {
				return ret;
			}

			// Otherwise just get the value from the style object
			return style[ name ];
		}
	},

	css: function( elem, name, extra, styles ) {
		var num, val, hooks,
			origName = jQuery.camelCase( name );

		// Make sure that we're working with the right name
		name = jQuery.cssProps[ origName ] || ( jQuery.cssProps[ origName ] = vendorPropName( elem.style, origName ) );

		// gets hook for the prefixed version
		// followed by the unprefixed version
		hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ] || jQuery.cssHooks[ origName ];

		// If a hook was provided get the computed value from there
		if ( hooks && "get" in hooks ) {
			val = hooks.get( elem, true, extra );
		}

		// Otherwise, if a way to get the computed value exists, use that
		if ( val === undefined ) {
			val = curCSS( elem, name, styles );
		}

		//convert "normal" to computed value
		if ( val === "normal" && name in cssNormalTransform ) {
			val = cssNormalTransform[ name ];
		}

		// Return, converting to number if forced or a qualifier was provided and val looks numeric
		if ( extra === "" || extra ) {
			num = parseFloat( val );
			return extra === true || jQuery.isNumeric( num ) ? num || 0 : val;
		}
		return val;
	}
});

jQuery.each([ "height", "width" ], function( i, name ) {
	jQuery.cssHooks[ name ] = {
		get: function( elem, computed, extra ) {
			if ( computed ) {
				// certain elements can have dimension info if we invisibly show them
				// however, it must have a current display style that would benefit from this
				return rdisplayswap.test( jQuery.css( elem, "display" ) ) && elem.offsetWidth === 0 ?
					jQuery.swap( elem, cssShow, function() {
						return getWidthOrHeight( elem, name, extra );
					}) :
					getWidthOrHeight( elem, name, extra );
			}
		},

		set: function( elem, value, extra ) {
			var styles = extra && getStyles( elem );
			return setPositiveNumber( elem, value, extra ?
				augmentWidthOrHeight(
					elem,
					name,
					extra,
					support.boxSizing && jQuery.css( elem, "boxSizing", false, styles ) === "border-box",
					styles
				) : 0
			);
		}
	};
});

if ( !support.opacity ) {
	jQuery.cssHooks.opacity = {
		get: function( elem, computed ) {
			// IE uses filters for opacity
			return ropacity.test( (computed && elem.currentStyle ? elem.currentStyle.filter : elem.style.filter) || "" ) ?
				( 0.01 * parseFloat( RegExp.$1 ) ) + "" :
				computed ? "1" : "";
		},

		set: function( elem, value ) {
			var style = elem.style,
				currentStyle = elem.currentStyle,
				opacity = jQuery.isNumeric( value ) ? "alpha(opacity=" + value * 100 + ")" : "",
				filter = currentStyle && currentStyle.filter || style.filter || "";

			// IE has trouble with opacity if it does not have layout
			// Force it by setting the zoom level
			style.zoom = 1;

			// if setting opacity to 1, and no other filters exist - attempt to remove filter attribute #6652
			// if value === "", then remove inline opacity #12685
			if ( ( value >= 1 || value === "" ) &&
					jQuery.trim( filter.replace( ralpha, "" ) ) === "" &&
					style.removeAttribute ) {

				// Setting style.filter to null, "" & " " still leave "filter:" in the cssText
				// if "filter:" is present at all, clearType is disabled, we want to avoid this
				// style.removeAttribute is IE Only, but so apparently is this code path...
				style.removeAttribute( "filter" );

				// if there is no filter style applied in a css rule or unset inline opacity, we are done
				if ( value === "" || currentStyle && !currentStyle.filter ) {
					return;
				}
			}

			// otherwise, set new filter values
			style.filter = ralpha.test( filter ) ?
				filter.replace( ralpha, opacity ) :
				filter + " " + opacity;
		}
	};
}

jQuery.cssHooks.marginRight = addGetHookIf( support.reliableMarginRight,
	function( elem, computed ) {
		if ( computed ) {
			// WebKit Bug 13343 - getComputedStyle returns wrong value for margin-right
			// Work around by temporarily setting element display to inline-block
			return jQuery.swap( elem, { "display": "inline-block" },
				curCSS, [ elem, "marginRight" ] );
		}
	}
);

// These hooks are used by animate to expand properties
jQuery.each({
	margin: "",
	padding: "",
	border: "Width"
}, function( prefix, suffix ) {
	jQuery.cssHooks[ prefix + suffix ] = {
		expand: function( value ) {
			var i = 0,
				expanded = {},

				// assumes a single number if not a string
				parts = typeof value === "string" ? value.split(" ") : [ value ];

			for ( ; i < 4; i++ ) {
				expanded[ prefix + cssExpand[ i ] + suffix ] =
					parts[ i ] || parts[ i - 2 ] || parts[ 0 ];
			}

			return expanded;
		}
	};

	if ( !rmargin.test( prefix ) ) {
		jQuery.cssHooks[ prefix + suffix ].set = setPositiveNumber;
	}
});

jQuery.fn.extend({
	css: function( name, value ) {
		return access( this, function( elem, name, value ) {
			var styles, len,
				map = {},
				i = 0;

			if ( jQuery.isArray( name ) ) {
				styles = getStyles( elem );
				len = name.length;

				for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
					map[ name[ i ] ] = jQuery.css( elem, name[ i ], false, styles );
				}

				return map;
			}

			return value !== undefined ?
				jQuery.style( elem, name, value ) :
				jQuery.css( elem, name );
		}, name, value, arguments.length > 1 );
	},
	show: function() {
		return showHide( this, true );
	},
	hide: function() {
		return showHide( this );
	},
	toggle: function( state ) {
		if ( typeof state === "boolean" ) {
			return state ? this.show() : this.hide();
		}

		return this.each(function() {
			if ( isHidden( this ) ) {
				jQuery( this ).show();
			} else {
				jQuery( this ).hide();
			}
		});
	}
});


function Tween( elem, options, prop, end, easing ) {
	return new Tween.prototype.init( elem, options, prop, end, easing );
}
jQuery.Tween = Tween;

Tween.prototype = {
	constructor: Tween,
	init: function( elem, options, prop, end, easing, unit ) {
		this.elem = elem;
		this.prop = prop;
		this.easing = easing || "swing";
		this.options = options;
		this.start = this.now = this.cur();
		this.end = end;
		this.unit = unit || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] ? "" : "px" );
	},
	cur: function() {
		var hooks = Tween.propHooks[ this.prop ];

		return hooks && hooks.get ?
			hooks.get( this ) :
			Tween.propHooks._default.get( this );
	},
	run: function( percent ) {
		var eased,
			hooks = Tween.propHooks[ this.prop ];

		if ( this.options.duration ) {
			this.pos = eased = jQuery.easing[ this.easing ](
				percent, this.options.duration * percent, 0, 1, this.options.duration
			);
		} else {
			this.pos = eased = percent;
		}
		this.now = ( this.end - this.start ) * eased + this.start;

		if ( this.options.step ) {
			this.options.step.call( this.elem, this.now, this );
		}

		if ( hooks && hooks.set ) {
			hooks.set( this );
		} else {
			Tween.propHooks._default.set( this );
		}
		return this;
	}
};

Tween.prototype.init.prototype = Tween.prototype;

Tween.propHooks = {
	_default: {
		get: function( tween ) {
			var result;

			if ( tween.elem[ tween.prop ] != null &&
				(!tween.elem.style || tween.elem.style[ tween.prop ] == null) ) {
				return tween.elem[ tween.prop ];
			}

			// passing an empty string as a 3rd parameter to .css will automatically
			// attempt a parseFloat and fallback to a string if the parse fails
			// so, simple values such as "10px" are parsed to Float.
			// complex values such as "rotate(1rad)" are returned as is.
			result = jQuery.css( tween.elem, tween.prop, "" );
			// Empty strings, null, undefined and "auto" are converted to 0.
			return !result || result === "auto" ? 0 : result;
		},
		set: function( tween ) {
			// use step hook for back compat - use cssHook if its there - use .style if its
			// available and use plain properties where available
			if ( jQuery.fx.step[ tween.prop ] ) {
				jQuery.fx.step[ tween.prop ]( tween );
			} else if ( tween.elem.style && ( tween.elem.style[ jQuery.cssProps[ tween.prop ] ] != null || jQuery.cssHooks[ tween.prop ] ) ) {
				jQuery.style( tween.elem, tween.prop, tween.now + tween.unit );
			} else {
				tween.elem[ tween.prop ] = tween.now;
			}
		}
	}
};

// Support: IE <=9
// Panic based approach to setting things on disconnected nodes

Tween.propHooks.scrollTop = Tween.propHooks.scrollLeft = {
	set: function( tween ) {
		if ( tween.elem.nodeType && tween.elem.parentNode ) {
			tween.elem[ tween.prop ] = tween.now;
		}
	}
};

jQuery.easing = {
	linear: function( p ) {
		return p;
	},
	swing: function( p ) {
		return 0.5 - Math.cos( p * Math.PI ) / 2;
	}
};

jQuery.fx = Tween.prototype.init;

// Back Compat <1.8 extension point
jQuery.fx.step = {};


var
	fxNow, timerId,
	rfxtypes = /^(?:toggle|show|hide)$/,
	rfxnum = new RegExp( "^(?:([+-])=|)(" + pnum + ")([a-z%]*)$", "i" ),
	rrun = /queueHooks$/,
	animationPrefilters = [ defaultPrefilter ],
	tweeners = {
		"*": [ function( prop, value ) {
			var tween = this.createTween( prop, value ),
				target = tween.cur(),
				parts = rfxnum.exec( value ),
				unit = parts && parts[ 3 ] || ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] ? "" : "px" ),

				// Starting value computation is required for potential unit mismatches
				start = ( jQuery.cssNumber[ prop ] || unit !== "px" && +target ) &&
					rfxnum.exec( jQuery.css( tween.elem, prop ) ),
				scale = 1,
				maxIterations = 20;

			if ( start && start[ 3 ] !== unit ) {
				// Trust units reported by jQuery.css
				unit = unit || start[ 3 ];

				// Make sure we update the tween properties later on
				parts = parts || [];

				// Iteratively approximate from a nonzero starting point
				start = +target || 1;

				do {
					// If previous iteration zeroed out, double until we get *something*
					// Use a string for doubling factor so we don't accidentally see scale as unchanged below
					scale = scale || ".5";

					// Adjust and apply
					start = start / scale;
					jQuery.style( tween.elem, prop, start + unit );

				// Update scale, tolerating zero or NaN from tween.cur()
				// And breaking the loop if scale is unchanged or perfect, or if we've just had enough
				} while ( scale !== (scale = tween.cur() / target) && scale !== 1 && --maxIterations );
			}

			// Update tween properties
			if ( parts ) {
				start = tween.start = +start || +target || 0;
				tween.unit = unit;
				// If a +=/-= token was provided, we're doing a relative animation
				tween.end = parts[ 1 ] ?
					start + ( parts[ 1 ] + 1 ) * parts[ 2 ] :
					+parts[ 2 ];
			}

			return tween;
		} ]
	};

// Animations created synchronously will run synchronously
function createFxNow() {
	setTimeout(function() {
		fxNow = undefined;
	});
	return ( fxNow = jQuery.now() );
}

// Generate parameters to create a standard animation
function genFx( type, includeWidth ) {
	var which,
		attrs = { height: type },
		i = 0;

	// if we include width, step value is 1 to do all cssExpand values,
	// if we don't include width, step value is 2 to skip over Left and Right
	includeWidth = includeWidth ? 1 : 0;
	for ( ; i < 4 ; i += 2 - includeWidth ) {
		which = cssExpand[ i ];
		attrs[ "margin" + which ] = attrs[ "padding" + which ] = type;
	}

	if ( includeWidth ) {
		attrs.opacity = attrs.width = type;
	}

	return attrs;
}

function createTween( value, prop, animation ) {
	var tween,
		collection = ( tweeners[ prop ] || [] ).concat( tweeners[ "*" ] ),
		index = 0,
		length = collection.length;
	for ( ; index < length; index++ ) {
		if ( (tween = collection[ index ].call( animation, prop, value )) ) {

			// we're done with this property
			return tween;
		}
	}
}

function defaultPrefilter( elem, props, opts ) {
	/* jshint validthis: true */
	var prop, value, toggle, tween, hooks, oldfire, display, checkDisplay,
		anim = this,
		orig = {},
		style = elem.style,
		hidden = elem.nodeType && isHidden( elem ),
		dataShow = jQuery._data( elem, "fxshow" );

	// handle queue: false promises
	if ( !opts.queue ) {
		hooks = jQuery._queueHooks( elem, "fx" );
		if ( hooks.unqueued == null ) {
			hooks.unqueued = 0;
			oldfire = hooks.empty.fire;
			hooks.empty.fire = function() {
				if ( !hooks.unqueued ) {
					oldfire();
				}
			};
		}
		hooks.unqueued++;

		anim.always(function() {
			// doing this makes sure that the complete handler will be called
			// before this completes
			anim.always(function() {
				hooks.unqueued--;
				if ( !jQuery.queue( elem, "fx" ).length ) {
					hooks.empty.fire();
				}
			});
		});
	}

	// height/width overflow pass
	if ( elem.nodeType === 1 && ( "height" in props || "width" in props ) ) {
		// Make sure that nothing sneaks out
		// Record all 3 overflow attributes because IE does not
		// change the overflow attribute when overflowX and
		// overflowY are set to the same value
		opts.overflow = [ style.overflow, style.overflowX, style.overflowY ];

		// Set display property to inline-block for height/width
		// animations on inline elements that are having width/height animated
		display = jQuery.css( elem, "display" );

		// Test default display if display is currently "none"
		checkDisplay = display === "none" ?
			jQuery._data( elem, "olddisplay" ) || defaultDisplay( elem.nodeName ) : display;

		if ( checkDisplay === "inline" && jQuery.css( elem, "float" ) === "none" ) {

			// inline-level elements accept inline-block;
			// block-level elements need to be inline with layout
			if ( !support.inlineBlockNeedsLayout || defaultDisplay( elem.nodeName ) === "inline" ) {
				style.display = "inline-block";
			} else {
				style.zoom = 1;
			}
		}
	}

	if ( opts.overflow ) {
		style.overflow = "hidden";
		if ( !support.shrinkWrapBlocks() ) {
			anim.always(function() {
				style.overflow = opts.overflow[ 0 ];
				style.overflowX = opts.overflow[ 1 ];
				style.overflowY = opts.overflow[ 2 ];
			});
		}
	}

	// show/hide pass
	for ( prop in props ) {
		value = props[ prop ];
		if ( rfxtypes.exec( value ) ) {
			delete props[ prop ];
			toggle = toggle || value === "toggle";
			if ( value === ( hidden ? "hide" : "show" ) ) {

				// If there is dataShow left over from a stopped hide or show and we are going to proceed with show, we should pretend to be hidden
				if ( value === "show" && dataShow && dataShow[ prop ] !== undefined ) {
					hidden = true;
				} else {
					continue;
				}
			}
			orig[ prop ] = dataShow && dataShow[ prop ] || jQuery.style( elem, prop );

		// Any non-fx value stops us from restoring the original display value
		} else {
			display = undefined;
		}
	}

	if ( !jQuery.isEmptyObject( orig ) ) {
		if ( dataShow ) {
			if ( "hidden" in dataShow ) {
				hidden = dataShow.hidden;
			}
		} else {
			dataShow = jQuery._data( elem, "fxshow", {} );
		}

		// store state if its toggle - enables .stop().toggle() to "reverse"
		if ( toggle ) {
			dataShow.hidden = !hidden;
		}
		if ( hidden ) {
			jQuery( elem ).show();
		} else {
			anim.done(function() {
				jQuery( elem ).hide();
			});
		}
		anim.done(function() {
			var prop;
			jQuery._removeData( elem, "fxshow" );
			for ( prop in orig ) {
				jQuery.style( elem, prop, orig[ prop ] );
			}
		});
		for ( prop in orig ) {
			tween = createTween( hidden ? dataShow[ prop ] : 0, prop, anim );

			if ( !( prop in dataShow ) ) {
				dataShow[ prop ] = tween.start;
				if ( hidden ) {
					tween.end = tween.start;
					tween.start = prop === "width" || prop === "height" ? 1 : 0;
				}
			}
		}

	// If this is a noop like .hide().hide(), restore an overwritten display value
	} else if ( (display === "none" ? defaultDisplay( elem.nodeName ) : display) === "inline" ) {
		style.display = display;
	}
}

function propFilter( props, specialEasing ) {
	var index, name, easing, value, hooks;

	// camelCase, specialEasing and expand cssHook pass
	for ( index in props ) {
		name = jQuery.camelCase( index );
		easing = specialEasing[ name ];
		value = props[ index ];
		if ( jQuery.isArray( value ) ) {
			easing = value[ 1 ];
			value = props[ index ] = value[ 0 ];
		}

		if ( index !== name ) {
			props[ name ] = value;
			delete props[ index ];
		}

		hooks = jQuery.cssHooks[ name ];
		if ( hooks && "expand" in hooks ) {
			value = hooks.expand( value );
			delete props[ name ];

			// not quite $.extend, this wont overwrite keys already present.
			// also - reusing 'index' from above because we have the correct "name"
			for ( index in value ) {
				if ( !( index in props ) ) {
					props[ index ] = value[ index ];
					specialEasing[ index ] = easing;
				}
			}
		} else {
			specialEasing[ name ] = easing;
		}
	}
}

function Animation( elem, properties, options ) {
	var result,
		stopped,
		index = 0,
		length = animationPrefilters.length,
		deferred = jQuery.Deferred().always( function() {
			// don't match elem in the :animated selector
			delete tick.elem;
		}),
		tick = function() {
			if ( stopped ) {
				return false;
			}
			var currentTime = fxNow || createFxNow(),
				remaining = Math.max( 0, animation.startTime + animation.duration - currentTime ),
				// archaic crash bug won't allow us to use 1 - ( 0.5 || 0 ) (#12497)
				temp = remaining / animation.duration || 0,
				percent = 1 - temp,
				index = 0,
				length = animation.tweens.length;

			for ( ; index < length ; index++ ) {
				animation.tweens[ index ].run( percent );
			}

			deferred.notifyWith( elem, [ animation, percent, remaining ]);

			if ( percent < 1 && length ) {
				return remaining;
			} else {
				deferred.resolveWith( elem, [ animation ] );
				return false;
			}
		},
		animation = deferred.promise({
			elem: elem,
			props: jQuery.extend( {}, properties ),
			opts: jQuery.extend( true, { specialEasing: {} }, options ),
			originalProperties: properties,
			originalOptions: options,
			startTime: fxNow || createFxNow(),
			duration: options.duration,
			tweens: [],
			createTween: function( prop, end ) {
				var tween = jQuery.Tween( elem, animation.opts, prop, end,
						animation.opts.specialEasing[ prop ] || animation.opts.easing );
				animation.tweens.push( tween );
				return tween;
			},
			stop: function( gotoEnd ) {
				var index = 0,
					// if we are going to the end, we want to run all the tweens
					// otherwise we skip this part
					length = gotoEnd ? animation.tweens.length : 0;
				if ( stopped ) {
					return this;
				}
				stopped = true;
				for ( ; index < length ; index++ ) {
					animation.tweens[ index ].run( 1 );
				}

				// resolve when we played the last frame
				// otherwise, reject
				if ( gotoEnd ) {
					deferred.resolveWith( elem, [ animation, gotoEnd ] );
				} else {
					deferred.rejectWith( elem, [ animation, gotoEnd ] );
				}
				return this;
			}
		}),
		props = animation.props;

	propFilter( props, animation.opts.specialEasing );

	for ( ; index < length ; index++ ) {
		result = animationPrefilters[ index ].call( animation, elem, props, animation.opts );
		if ( result ) {
			return result;
		}
	}

	jQuery.map( props, createTween, animation );

	if ( jQuery.isFunction( animation.opts.start ) ) {
		animation.opts.start.call( elem, animation );
	}

	jQuery.fx.timer(
		jQuery.extend( tick, {
			elem: elem,
			anim: animation,
			queue: animation.opts.queue
		})
	);

	// attach callbacks from options
	return animation.progress( animation.opts.progress )
		.done( animation.opts.done, animation.opts.complete )
		.fail( animation.opts.fail )
		.always( animation.opts.always );
}

jQuery.Animation = jQuery.extend( Animation, {
	tweener: function( props, callback ) {
		if ( jQuery.isFunction( props ) ) {
			callback = props;
			props = [ "*" ];
		} else {
			props = props.split(" ");
		}

		var prop,
			index = 0,
			length = props.length;

		for ( ; index < length ; index++ ) {
			prop = props[ index ];
			tweeners[ prop ] = tweeners[ prop ] || [];
			tweeners[ prop ].unshift( callback );
		}
	},

	prefilter: function( callback, prepend ) {
		if ( prepend ) {
			animationPrefilters.unshift( callback );
		} else {
			animationPrefilters.push( callback );
		}
	}
});

jQuery.speed = function( speed, easing, fn ) {
	var opt = speed && typeof speed === "object" ? jQuery.extend( {}, speed ) : {
		complete: fn || !fn && easing ||
			jQuery.isFunction( speed ) && speed,
		duration: speed,
		easing: fn && easing || easing && !jQuery.isFunction( easing ) && easing
	};

	opt.duration = jQuery.fx.off ? 0 : typeof opt.duration === "number" ? opt.duration :
		opt.duration in jQuery.fx.speeds ? jQuery.fx.speeds[ opt.duration ] : jQuery.fx.speeds._default;

	// normalize opt.queue - true/undefined/null -> "fx"
	if ( opt.queue == null || opt.queue === true ) {
		opt.queue = "fx";
	}

	// Queueing
	opt.old = opt.complete;

	opt.complete = function() {
		if ( jQuery.isFunction( opt.old ) ) {
			opt.old.call( this );
		}

		if ( opt.queue ) {
			jQuery.dequeue( this, opt.queue );
		}
	};

	return opt;
};

jQuery.fn.extend({
	fadeTo: function( speed, to, easing, callback ) {

		// show any hidden elements after setting opacity to 0
		return this.filter( isHidden ).css( "opacity", 0 ).show()

			// animate to the value specified
			.end().animate({ opacity: to }, speed, easing, callback );
	},
	animate: function( prop, speed, easing, callback ) {
		var empty = jQuery.isEmptyObject( prop ),
			optall = jQuery.speed( speed, easing, callback ),
			doAnimation = function() {
				// Operate on a copy of prop so per-property easing won't be lost
				var anim = Animation( this, jQuery.extend( {}, prop ), optall );

				// Empty animations, or finishing resolves immediately
				if ( empty || jQuery._data( this, "finish" ) ) {
					anim.stop( true );
				}
			};
			doAnimation.finish = doAnimation;

		return empty || optall.queue === false ?
			this.each( doAnimation ) :
			this.queue( optall.queue, doAnimation );
	},
	stop: function( type, clearQueue, gotoEnd ) {
		var stopQueue = function( hooks ) {
			var stop = hooks.stop;
			delete hooks.stop;
			stop( gotoEnd );
		};

		if ( typeof type !== "string" ) {
			gotoEnd = clearQueue;
			clearQueue = type;
			type = undefined;
		}
		if ( clearQueue && type !== false ) {
			this.queue( type || "fx", [] );
		}

		return this.each(function() {
			var dequeue = true,
				index = type != null && type + "queueHooks",
				timers = jQuery.timers,
				data = jQuery._data( this );

			if ( index ) {
				if ( data[ index ] && data[ index ].stop ) {
					stopQueue( data[ index ] );
				}
			} else {
				for ( index in data ) {
					if ( data[ index ] && data[ index ].stop && rrun.test( index ) ) {
						stopQueue( data[ index ] );
					}
				}
			}

			for ( index = timers.length; index--; ) {
				if ( timers[ index ].elem === this && (type == null || timers[ index ].queue === type) ) {
					timers[ index ].anim.stop( gotoEnd );
					dequeue = false;
					timers.splice( index, 1 );
				}
			}

			// start the next in the queue if the last step wasn't forced
			// timers currently will call their complete callbacks, which will dequeue
			// but only if they were gotoEnd
			if ( dequeue || !gotoEnd ) {
				jQuery.dequeue( this, type );
			}
		});
	},
	finish: function( type ) {
		if ( type !== false ) {
			type = type || "fx";
		}
		return this.each(function() {
			var index,
				data = jQuery._data( this ),
				queue = data[ type + "queue" ],
				hooks = data[ type + "queueHooks" ],
				timers = jQuery.timers,
				length = queue ? queue.length : 0;

			// enable finishing flag on private data
			data.finish = true;

			// empty the queue first
			jQuery.queue( this, type, [] );

			if ( hooks && hooks.stop ) {
				hooks.stop.call( this, true );
			}

			// look for any active animations, and finish them
			for ( index = timers.length; index--; ) {
				if ( timers[ index ].elem === this && timers[ index ].queue === type ) {
					timers[ index ].anim.stop( true );
					timers.splice( index, 1 );
				}
			}

			// look for any animations in the old queue and finish them
			for ( index = 0; index < length; index++ ) {
				if ( queue[ index ] && queue[ index ].finish ) {
					queue[ index ].finish.call( this );
				}
			}

			// turn off finishing flag
			delete data.finish;
		});
	}
});

jQuery.each([ "toggle", "show", "hide" ], function( i, name ) {
	var cssFn = jQuery.fn[ name ];
	jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( speed, easing, callback ) {
		return speed == null || typeof speed === "boolean" ?
			cssFn.apply( this, arguments ) :
			this.animate( genFx( name, true ), speed, easing, callback );
	};
});

// Generate shortcuts for custom animations
jQuery.each({
	slideDown: genFx("show"),
	slideUp: genFx("hide"),
	slideToggle: genFx("toggle"),
	fadeIn: { opacity: "show" },
	fadeOut: { opacity: "hide" },
	fadeToggle: { opacity: "toggle" }
}, function( name, props ) {
	jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( speed, easing, callback ) {
		return this.animate( props, speed, easing, callback );
	};
});

jQuery.timers = [];
jQuery.fx.tick = function() {
	var timer,
		timers = jQuery.timers,
		i = 0;

	fxNow = jQuery.now();

	for ( ; i < timers.length; i++ ) {
		timer = timers[ i ];
		// Checks the timer has not already been removed
		if ( !timer() && timers[ i ] === timer ) {
			timers.splice( i--, 1 );
		}
	}

	if ( !timers.length ) {
		jQuery.fx.stop();
	}
	fxNow = undefined;
};

jQuery.fx.timer = function( timer ) {
	jQuery.timers.push( timer );
	if ( timer() ) {
		jQuery.fx.start();
	} else {
		jQuery.timers.pop();
	}
};

jQuery.fx.interval = 13;

jQuery.fx.start = function() {
	if ( !timerId ) {
		timerId = setInterval( jQuery.fx.tick, jQuery.fx.interval );
	}
};

jQuery.fx.stop = function() {
	clearInterval( timerId );
	timerId = null;
};

jQuery.fx.speeds = {
	slow: 600,
	fast: 200,
	// Default speed
	_default: 400
};


// Based off of the plugin by Clint Helfers, with permission.
// http://blindsignals.com/index.php/2009/07/jquery-delay/
jQuery.fn.delay = function( time, type ) {
	time = jQuery.fx ? jQuery.fx.speeds[ time ] || time : time;
	type = type || "fx";

	return this.queue( type, function( next, hooks ) {
		var timeout = setTimeout( next, time );
		hooks.stop = function() {
			clearTimeout( timeout );
		};
	});
};


(function() {
	// Minified: var a,b,c,d,e
	var input, div, select, a, opt;

	// Setup
	div = document.createElement( "div" );
	div.setAttribute( "className", "t" );
	div.innerHTML = "  <link/><table></table><a href='/a'>a</a><input type='checkbox'/>";
	a = div.getElementsByTagName("a")[ 0 ];

	// First batch of tests.
	select = document.createElement("select");
	opt = select.appendChild( document.createElement("option") );
	input = div.getElementsByTagName("input")[ 0 ];

	a.style.cssText = "top:1px";

	// Test setAttribute on camelCase class. If it works, we need attrFixes when doing get/setAttribute (ie6/7)
	support.getSetAttribute = div.className !== "t";

	// Get the style information from getAttribute
	// (IE uses .cssText instead)
	support.style = /top/.test( a.getAttribute("style") );

	// Make sure that URLs aren't manipulated
	// (IE normalizes it by default)
	support.hrefNormalized = a.getAttribute("href") === "/a";

	// Check the default checkbox/radio value ("" on WebKit; "on" elsewhere)
	support.checkOn = !!input.value;

	// Make sure that a selected-by-default option has a working selected property.
	// (WebKit defaults to false instead of true, IE too, if it's in an optgroup)
	support.optSelected = opt.selected;

	// Tests for enctype support on a form (#6743)
	support.enctype = !!document.createElement("form").enctype;

	// Make sure that the options inside disabled selects aren't marked as disabled
	// (WebKit marks them as disabled)
	select.disabled = true;
	support.optDisabled = !opt.disabled;

	// Support: IE8 only
	// Check if we can trust getAttribute("value")
	input = document.createElement( "input" );
	input.setAttribute( "value", "" );
	support.input = input.getAttribute( "value" ) === "";

	// Check if an input maintains its value after becoming a radio
	input.value = "t";
	input.setAttribute( "type", "radio" );
	support.radioValue = input.value === "t";
})();


var rreturn = /\r/g;

jQuery.fn.extend({
	val: function( value ) {
		var hooks, ret, isFunction,
			elem = this[0];

		if ( !arguments.length ) {
			if ( elem ) {
				hooks = jQuery.valHooks[ elem.type ] || jQuery.valHooks[ elem.nodeName.toLowerCase() ];

				if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && (ret = hooks.get( elem, "value" )) !== undefined ) {
					return ret;
				}

				ret = elem.value;

				return typeof ret === "string" ?
					// handle most common string cases
					ret.replace(rreturn, "") :
					// handle cases where value is null/undef or number
					ret == null ? "" : ret;
			}

			return;
		}

		isFunction = jQuery.isFunction( value );

		return this.each(function( i ) {
			var val;

			if ( this.nodeType !== 1 ) {
				return;
			}

			if ( isFunction ) {
				val = value.call( this, i, jQuery( this ).val() );
			} else {
				val = value;
			}

			// Treat null/undefined as ""; convert numbers to string
			if ( val == null ) {
				val = "";
			} else if ( typeof val === "number" ) {
				val += "";
			} else if ( jQuery.isArray( val ) ) {
				val = jQuery.map( val, function( value ) {
					return value == null ? "" : value + "";
				});
			}

			hooks = jQuery.valHooks[ this.type ] || jQuery.valHooks[ this.nodeName.toLowerCase() ];

			// If set returns undefined, fall back to normal setting
			if ( !hooks || !("set" in hooks) || hooks.set( this, val, "value" ) === undefined ) {
				this.value = val;
			}
		});
	}
});

jQuery.extend({
	valHooks: {
		option: {
			get: function( elem ) {
				var val = jQuery.find.attr( elem, "value" );
				return val != null ?
					val :
					// Support: IE10-11+
					// option.text throws exceptions (#14686, #14858)
					jQuery.trim( jQuery.text( elem ) );
			}
		},
		select: {
			get: function( elem ) {
				var value, option,
					options = elem.options,
					index = elem.selectedIndex,
					one = elem.type === "select-one" || index < 0,
					values = one ? null : [],
					max = one ? index + 1 : options.length,
					i = index < 0 ?
						max :
						one ? index : 0;

				// Loop through all the selected options
				for ( ; i < max; i++ ) {
					option = options[ i ];

					// oldIE doesn't update selected after form reset (#2551)
					if ( ( option.selected || i === index ) &&
							// Don't return options that are disabled or in a disabled optgroup
							( support.optDisabled ? !option.disabled : option.getAttribute("disabled") === null ) &&
							( !option.parentNode.disabled || !jQuery.nodeName( option.parentNode, "optgroup" ) ) ) {

						// Get the specific value for the option
						value = jQuery( option ).val();

						// We don't need an array for one selects
						if ( one ) {
							return value;
						}

						// Multi-Selects return an array
						values.push( value );
					}
				}

				return values;
			},

			set: function( elem, value ) {
				var optionSet, option,
					options = elem.options,
					values = jQuery.makeArray( value ),
					i = options.length;

				while ( i-- ) {
					option = options[ i ];

					if ( jQuery.inArray( jQuery.valHooks.option.get( option ), values ) >= 0 ) {

						// Support: IE6
						// When new option element is added to select box we need to
						// force reflow of newly added node in order to workaround delay
						// of initialization properties
						try {
							option.selected = optionSet = true;

						} catch ( _ ) {

							// Will be executed only in IE6
							option.scrollHeight;
						}

					} else {
						option.selected = false;
					}
				}

				// Force browsers to behave consistently when non-matching value is set
				if ( !optionSet ) {
					elem.selectedIndex = -1;
				}

				return options;
			}
		}
	}
});

// Radios and checkboxes getter/setter
jQuery.each([ "radio", "checkbox" ], function() {
	jQuery.valHooks[ this ] = {
		set: function( elem, value ) {
			if ( jQuery.isArray( value ) ) {
				return ( elem.checked = jQuery.inArray( jQuery(elem).val(), value ) >= 0 );
			}
		}
	};
	if ( !support.checkOn ) {
		jQuery.valHooks[ this ].get = function( elem ) {
			// Support: Webkit
			// "" is returned instead of "on" if a value isn't specified
			return elem.getAttribute("value") === null ? "on" : elem.value;
		};
	}
});


var nodeHook, boolHook,
	attrHandle = jQuery.expr.attrHandle,
	ruseDefault = /^(?:checked|selected)$/i,
	getSetAttribute = support.getSetAttribute,
	getSetInput = support.input;

jQuery.fn.extend({
	attr: function( name, value ) {
		return access( this, jQuery.attr, name, value, arguments.length > 1 );
	},

	removeAttr: function( name ) {
		return this.each(function() {
			jQuery.removeAttr( this, name );
		});
	}
});

jQuery.extend({
	attr: function( elem, name, value ) {
		var hooks, ret,
			nType = elem.nodeType;

		// don't get/set attributes on text, comment and attribute nodes
		if ( !elem || nType === 3 || nType === 8 || nType === 2 ) {
			return;
		}

		// Fallback to prop when attributes are not supported
		if ( typeof elem.getAttribute === strundefined ) {
			return jQuery.prop( elem, name, value );
		}

		// All attributes are lowercase
		// Grab necessary hook if one is defined
		if ( nType !== 1 || !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem ) ) {
			name = name.toLowerCase();
			hooks = jQuery.attrHooks[ name ] ||
				( jQuery.expr.match.bool.test( name ) ? boolHook : nodeHook );
		}

		if ( value !== undefined ) {

			if ( value === null ) {
				jQuery.removeAttr( elem, name );

			} else if ( hooks && "set" in hooks && (ret = hooks.set( elem, value, name )) !== undefined ) {
				return ret;

			} else {
				elem.setAttribute( name, value + "" );
				return value;
			}

		} else if ( hooks && "get" in hooks && (ret = hooks.get( elem, name )) !== null ) {
			return ret;

		} else {
			ret = jQuery.find.attr( elem, name );

			// Non-existent attributes return null, we normalize to undefined
			return ret == null ?
				undefined :
				ret;
		}
	},

	removeAttr: function( elem, value ) {
		var name, propName,
			i = 0,
			attrNames = value && value.match( rnotwhite );

		if ( attrNames && elem.nodeType === 1 ) {
			while ( (name = attrNames[i++]) ) {
				propName = jQuery.propFix[ name ] || name;

				// Boolean attributes get special treatment (#10870)
				if ( jQuery.expr.match.bool.test( name ) ) {
					// Set corresponding property to false
					if ( getSetInput && getSetAttribute || !ruseDefault.test( name ) ) {
						elem[ propName ] = false;
					// Support: IE<9
					// Also clear defaultChecked/defaultSelected (if appropriate)
					} else {
						elem[ jQuery.camelCase( "default-" + name ) ] =
							elem[ propName ] = false;
					}

				// See #9699 for explanation of this approach (setting first, then removal)
				} else {
					jQuery.attr( elem, name, "" );
				}

				elem.removeAttribute( getSetAttribute ? name : propName );
			}
		}
	},

	attrHooks: {
		type: {
			set: function( elem, value ) {
				if ( !support.radioValue && value === "radio" && jQuery.nodeName(elem, "input") ) {
					// Setting the type on a radio button after the value resets the value in IE6-9
					// Reset value to default in case type is set after value during creation
					var val = elem.value;
					elem.setAttribute( "type", value );
					if ( val ) {
						elem.value = val;
					}
					return value;
				}
			}
		}
	}
});

// Hook for boolean attributes
boolHook = {
	set: function( elem, value, name ) {
		if ( value === false ) {
			// Remove boolean attributes when set to false
			jQuery.removeAttr( elem, name );
		} else if ( getSetInput && getSetAttribute || !ruseDefault.test( name ) ) {
			// IE<8 needs the *property* name
			elem.setAttribute( !getSetAttribute && jQuery.propFix[ name ] || name, name );

		// Use defaultChecked and defaultSelected for oldIE
		} else {
			elem[ jQuery.camelCase( "default-" + name ) ] = elem[ name ] = true;
		}

		return name;
	}
};

// Retrieve booleans specially
jQuery.each( jQuery.expr.match.bool.source.match( /\w+/g ), function( i, name ) {

	var getter = attrHandle[ name ] || jQuery.find.attr;

	attrHandle[ name ] = getSetInput && getSetAttribute || !ruseDefault.test( name ) ?
		function( elem, name, isXML ) {
			var ret, handle;
			if ( !isXML ) {
				// Avoid an infinite loop by temporarily removing this function from the getter
				handle = attrHandle[ name ];
				attrHandle[ name ] = ret;
				ret = getter( elem, name, isXML ) != null ?
					name.toLowerCase() :
					null;
				attrHandle[ name ] = handle;
			}
			return ret;
		} :
		function( elem, name, isXML ) {
			if ( !isXML ) {
				return elem[ jQuery.camelCase( "default-" + name ) ] ?
					name.toLowerCase() :
					null;
			}
		};
});

// fix oldIE attroperties
if ( !getSetInput || !getSetAttribute ) {
	jQuery.attrHooks.value = {
		set: function( elem, value, name ) {
			if ( jQuery.nodeName( elem, "input" ) ) {
				// Does not return so that setAttribute is also used
				elem.defaultValue = value;
			} else {
				// Use nodeHook if defined (#1954); otherwise setAttribute is fine
				return nodeHook && nodeHook.set( elem, value, name );
			}
		}
	};
}

// IE6/7 do not support getting/setting some attributes with get/setAttribute
if ( !getSetAttribute ) {

	// Use this for any attribute in IE6/7
	// This fixes almost every IE6/7 issue
	nodeHook = {
		set: function( elem, value, name ) {
			// Set the existing or create a new attribute node
			var ret = elem.getAttributeNode( name );
			if ( !ret ) {
				elem.setAttributeNode(
					(ret = elem.ownerDocument.createAttribute( name ))
				);
			}

			ret.value = value += "";

			// Break association with cloned elements by also using setAttribute (#9646)
			if ( name === "value" || value === elem.getAttribute( name ) ) {
				return value;
			}
		}
	};

	// Some attributes are constructed with empty-string values when not defined
	attrHandle.id = attrHandle.name = attrHandle.coords =
		function( elem, name, isXML ) {
			var ret;
			if ( !isXML ) {
				return (ret = elem.getAttributeNode( name )) && ret.value !== "" ?
					ret.value :
					null;
			}
		};

	// Fixing value retrieval on a button requires this module
	jQuery.valHooks.button = {
		get: function( elem, name ) {
			var ret = elem.getAttributeNode( name );
			if ( ret && ret.specified ) {
				return ret.value;
			}
		},
		set: nodeHook.set
	};

	// Set contenteditable to false on removals(#10429)
	// Setting to empty string throws an error as an invalid value
	jQuery.attrHooks.contenteditable = {
		set: function( elem, value, name ) {
			nodeHook.set( elem, value === "" ? false : value, name );
		}
	};

	// Set width and height to auto instead of 0 on empty string( Bug #8150 )
	// This is for removals
	jQuery.each([ "width", "height" ], function( i, name ) {
		jQuery.attrHooks[ name ] = {
			set: function( elem, value ) {
				if ( value === "" ) {
					elem.setAttribute( name, "auto" );
					return value;
				}
			}
		};
	});
}

if ( !support.style ) {
	jQuery.attrHooks.style = {
		get: function( elem ) {
			// Return undefined in the case of empty string
			// Note: IE uppercases css property names, but if we were to .toLowerCase()
			// .cssText, that would destroy case senstitivity in URL's, like in "background"
			return elem.style.cssText || undefined;
		},
		set: function( elem, value ) {
			return ( elem.style.cssText = value + "" );
		}
	};
}


var rfocusable = /^(?:input|select|textarea|button|object)$/i,
	rclickable = /^(?:a|area)$/i;

jQuery.fn.extend({
	prop: function( name, value ) {
		return access( this, jQuery.prop, name, value, arguments.length > 1 );
	},

	removeProp: function( name ) {
		name = jQuery.propFix[ name ] || name;
		return this.each(function() {
			// try/catch handles cases where IE balks (such as removing a property on window)
			try {
				this[ name ] = undefined;
				delete this[ name ];
			} catch( e ) {}
		});
	}
});

jQuery.extend({
	propFix: {
		"for": "htmlFor",
		"class": "className"
	},

	prop: function( elem, name, value ) {
		var ret, hooks, notxml,
			nType = elem.nodeType;

		// don't get/set properties on text, comment and attribute nodes
		if ( !elem || nType === 3 || nType === 8 || nType === 2 ) {
			return;
		}

		notxml = nType !== 1 || !jQuery.isXMLDoc( elem );

		if ( notxml ) {
			// Fix name and attach hooks
			name = jQuery.propFix[ name ] || name;
			hooks = jQuery.propHooks[ name ];
		}

		if ( value !== undefined ) {
			return hooks && "set" in hooks && (ret = hooks.set( elem, value, name )) !== undefined ?
				ret :
				( elem[ name ] = value );

		} else {
			return hooks && "get" in hooks && (ret = hooks.get( elem, name )) !== null ?
				ret :
				elem[ name ];
		}
	},

	propHooks: {
		tabIndex: {
			get: function( elem ) {
				// elem.tabIndex doesn't always return the correct value when it hasn't been explicitly set
				// http://fluidproject.org/blog/2008/01/09/getting-setting-and-removing-tabindex-values-with-javascript/
				// Use proper attribute retrieval(#12072)
				var tabindex = jQuery.find.attr( elem, "tabindex" );

				return tabindex ?
					parseInt( tabindex, 10 ) :
					rfocusable.test( elem.nodeName ) || rclickable.test( elem.nodeName ) && elem.href ?
						0 :
						-1;
			}
		}
	}
});

// Some attributes require a special call on IE
// http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms536429%28VS.85%29.aspx
if ( !support.hrefNormalized ) {
	// href/src property should get the full normalized URL (#10299/#12915)
	jQuery.each([ "href", "src" ], function( i, name ) {
		jQuery.propHooks[ name ] = {
			get: function( elem ) {
				return elem.getAttribute( name, 4 );
			}
		};
	});
}

// Support: Safari, IE9+
// mis-reports the default selected property of an option
// Accessing the parent's selectedIndex property fixes it
if ( !support.optSelected ) {
	jQuery.propHooks.selected = {
		get: function( elem ) {
			var parent = elem.parentNode;

			if ( parent ) {
				parent.selectedIndex;

				// Make sure that it also works with optgroups, see #5701
				if ( parent.parentNode ) {
					parent.parentNode.selectedIndex;
				}
			}
			return null;
		}
	};
}

jQuery.each([
	"tabIndex",
	"readOnly",
	"maxLength",
	"cellSpacing",
	"cellPadding",
	"rowSpan",
	"colSpan",
	"useMap",
	"frameBorder",
	"contentEditable"
], function() {
	jQuery.propFix[ this.toLowerCase() ] = this;
});

// IE6/7 call enctype encoding
if ( !support.enctype ) {
	jQuery.propFix.enctype = "encoding";
}


var rclass = /[\t\r\n\f]/g;

jQuery.fn.extend({
	addClass: function( value ) {
		var classes, elem, cur, clazz, j, finalValue,
			i = 0,
			len = this.length,
			proceed = typeof value === "string" && value;

		if ( jQuery.isFunction( value ) ) {
			return this.each(function( j ) {
				jQuery( this ).addClass( value.call( this, j, this.className ) );
			});
		}

		if ( proceed ) {
			// The disjunction here is for better compressibility (see removeClass)
			classes = ( value || "" ).match( rnotwhite ) || [];

			for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
				elem = this[ i ];
				cur = elem.nodeType === 1 && ( elem.className ?
					( " " + elem.className + " " ).replace( rclass, " " ) :
					" "
				);

				if ( cur ) {
					j = 0;
					while ( (clazz = classes[j++]) ) {
						if ( cur.indexOf( " " + clazz + " " ) < 0 ) {
							cur += clazz + " ";
						}
					}

					// only assign if different to avoid unneeded rendering.
					finalValue = jQuery.trim( cur );
					if ( elem.className !== finalValue ) {
						elem.className = finalValue;
					}
				}
			}
		}

		return this;
	},

	removeClass: function( value ) {
		var classes, elem, cur, clazz, j, finalValue,
			i = 0,
			len = this.length,
			proceed = arguments.length === 0 || typeof value === "string" && value;

		if ( jQuery.isFunction( value ) ) {
			return this.each(function( j ) {
				jQuery( this ).removeClass( value.call( this, j, this.className ) );
			});
		}
		if ( proceed ) {
			classes = ( value || "" ).match( rnotwhite ) || [];

			for ( ; i < len; i++ ) {
				elem = this[ i ];
				// This expression is here for better compressibility (see addClass)
				cur = elem.nodeType === 1 && ( elem.className ?
					( " " + elem.className + " " ).replace( rclass, " " ) :
					""
				);

				if ( cur ) {
					j = 0;
					while ( (clazz = classes[j++]) ) {
						// Remove *all* instances
						while ( cur.indexOf( " " + clazz + " " ) >= 0 ) {
							cur = cur.replace( " " + clazz + " ", " " );
						}
					}

					// only assign if different to avoid unneeded rendering.
					finalValue = value ? jQuery.trim( cur ) : "";
					if ( elem.className !== finalValue ) {
						elem.className = finalValue;
					}
				}
			}
		}

		return this;
	},

	toggleClass: function( value, stateVal ) {
		var type = typeof value;

		if ( typeof stateVal === "boolean" && type === "string" ) {
			return stateVal ? this.addClass( value ) : this.removeClass( value );
		}

		if ( jQuery.isFunction( value ) ) {
			return this.each(function( i ) {
				jQuery( this ).toggleClass( value.call(this, i, this.className, stateVal), stateVal );
			});
		}

		return this.each(function() {
			if ( type === "string" ) {
				// toggle individual class names
				var className,
					i = 0,
					self = jQuery( this ),
					classNames = value.match( rnotwhite ) || [];

				while ( (className = classNames[ i++ ]) ) {
					// check each className given, space separated list
					if ( self.hasClass( className ) ) {
						self.removeClass( className );
					} else {
						self.addClass( className );
					}
				}

			// Toggle whole class name
			} else if ( type === strundefined || type === "boolean" ) {
				if ( this.className ) {
					// store className if set
					jQuery._data( this, "__className__", this.className );
				}

				// If the element has a class name or if we're passed "false",
				// then remove the whole classname (if there was one, the above saved it).
				// Otherwise bring back whatever was previously saved (if anything),
				// falling back to the empty string if nothing was stored.
				this.className = this.className || value === false ? "" : jQuery._data( this, "__className__" ) || "";
			}
		});
	},

	hasClass: function( selector ) {
		var className = " " + selector + " ",
			i = 0,
			l = this.length;
		for ( ; i < l; i++ ) {
			if ( this[i].nodeType === 1 && (" " + this[i].className + " ").replace(rclass, " ").indexOf( className ) >= 0 ) {
				return true;
			}
		}

		return false;
	}
});


// Return jQuery for attributes-only inclusion


jQuery.each( ("blur focus focusin focusout load resize scroll unload click dblclick " +
	"mousedown mouseup mousemove mouseover mouseout mouseenter mouseleave " +
	"change select submit keydown keypress keyup error contextmenu").split(" "), function( i, name ) {

	// Handle event binding
	jQuery.fn[ name ] = function( data, fn ) {
		return arguments.length > 0 ?
			this.on( name, null, data, fn ) :
			this.trigger( name );
	};
});

jQuery.fn.extend({
	hover: function( fnOver, fnOut ) {
		return this.mouseenter( fnOver ).mouseleave( fnOut || fnOver );
	},

	bind: function( types, data, fn ) {
		return this.on( types, null, data, fn );
	},
	unbind: function( types, fn ) {
		return this.off( types, null, fn );
	},

	delegate: function( selector, types, data, fn ) {
		return this.on( types, selector, data, fn );
	},
	undelegate: function( selector, types, fn ) {
		// ( namespace ) or ( selector, types [, fn] )
		return arguments.length === 1 ? this.off( selector, "**" ) : this.off( types, selector || "**", fn );
	}
});


var nonce = jQuery.now();

var rquery = (/\?/);


var rvalidtokens = /(,)|(\[|{)|(}|])|"(?:[^"\\\r\n]|\\["\\\/bfnrt]|\\u[\da-fA-F]{4})*"\s*:?|true|false|null|-?(?!0\d)\d+(?:\.\d+|)(?:[eE][+-]?\d+|)/g;

jQuery.parseJSON = function( data ) {
	// Attempt to parse using the native JSON parser first
	if ( window.JSON && window.JSON.parse ) {
		// Support: Android 2.3
		// Workaround failure to string-cast null input
		return window.JSON.parse( data + "" );
	}

	var requireNonComma,
		depth = null,
		str = jQuery.trim( data + "" );

	// Guard against invalid (and possibly dangerous) input by ensuring that nothing remains
	// after removing valid tokens
	return str && !jQuery.trim( str.replace( rvalidtokens, function( token, comma, open, close ) {

		// Force termination if we see a misplaced comma
		if ( requireNonComma && comma ) {
			depth = 0;
		}

		// Perform no more replacements after returning to outermost depth
		if ( depth === 0 ) {
			return token;
		}

		// Commas must not follow "[", "{", or ","
		requireNonComma = open || comma;

		// Determine new depth
		// array/object open ("[" or "{"): depth += true - false (increment)
		// array/object close ("]" or "}"): depth += false - true (decrement)
		// other cases ("," or primitive): depth += true - true (numeric cast)
		depth += !close - !open;

		// Remove this token
		return "";
	}) ) ?
		( Function( "return " + str ) )() :
		jQuery.error( "Invalid JSON: " + data );
};


// Cross-browser xml parsing
jQuery.parseXML = function( data ) {
	var xml, tmp;
	if ( !data || typeof data !== "string" ) {
		return null;
	}
	try {
		if ( window.DOMParser ) { // Standard
			tmp = new DOMParser();
			xml = tmp.parseFromString( data, "text/xml" );
		} else { // IE
			xml = new ActiveXObject( "Microsoft.XMLDOM" );
			xml.async = "false";
			xml.loadXML( data );
		}
	} catch( e ) {
		xml = undefined;
	}
	if ( !xml || !xml.documentElement || xml.getElementsByTagName( "parsererror" ).length ) {
		jQuery.error( "Invalid XML: " + data );
	}
	return xml;
};


var
	// Document location
	ajaxLocParts,
	ajaxLocation,

	rhash = /#.*$/,
	rts = /([?&])_=[^&]*/,
	rheaders = /^(.*?):[ \t]*([^\r\n]*)\r?$/mg, // IE leaves an \r character at EOL
	// #7653, #8125, #8152: local protocol detection
	rlocalProtocol = /^(?:about|app|app-storage|.+-extension|file|res|widget):$/,
	rnoContent = /^(?:GET|HEAD)$/,
	rprotocol = /^\/\//,
	rurl = /^([\w.+-]+:)(?:\/\/(?:[^\/?#]*@|)([^\/?#:]*)(?::(\d+)|)|)/,

	/* Prefilters
	 * 1) They are useful to introduce custom dataTypes (see ajax/jsonp.js for an example)
	 * 2) These are called:
	 *    - BEFORE asking for a transport
	 *    - AFTER param serialization (s.data is a string if s.processData is true)
	 * 3) key is the dataType
	 * 4) the catchall symbol "*" can be used
	 * 5) execution will start with transport dataType and THEN continue down to "*" if needed
	 */
	prefilters = {},

	/* Transports bindings
	 * 1) key is the dataType
	 * 2) the catchall symbol "*" can be used
	 * 3) selection will start with transport dataType and THEN go to "*" if needed
	 */
	transports = {},

	// Avoid comment-prolog char sequence (#10098); must appease lint and evade compression
	allTypes = "*/".concat("*");

// #8138, IE may throw an exception when accessing
// a field from window.location if document.domain has been set
try {
	ajaxLocation = location.href;
} catch( e ) {
	// Use the href attribute of an A element
	// since IE will modify it given document.location
	ajaxLocation = document.createElement( "a" );
	ajaxLocation.href = "";
	ajaxLocation = ajaxLocation.href;
}

// Segment location into parts
ajaxLocParts = rurl.exec( ajaxLocation.toLowerCase() ) || [];

// Base "constructor" for jQuery.ajaxPrefilter and jQuery.ajaxTransport
function addToPrefiltersOrTransports( structure ) {

	// dataTypeExpression is optional and defaults to "*"
	return function( dataTypeExpression, func ) {

		if ( typeof dataTypeExpression !== "string" ) {
			func = dataTypeExpression;
			dataTypeExpression = "*";
		}

		var dataType,
			i = 0,
			dataTypes = dataTypeExpression.toLowerCase().match( rnotwhite ) || [];

		if ( jQuery.isFunction( func ) ) {
			// For each dataType in the dataTypeExpression
			while ( (dataType = dataTypes[i++]) ) {
				// Prepend if requested
				if ( dataType.charAt( 0 ) === "+" ) {
					dataType = dataType.slice( 1 ) || "*";
					(structure[ dataType ] = structure[ dataType ] || []).unshift( func );

				// Otherwise append
				} else {
					(structure[ dataType ] = structure[ dataType ] || []).push( func );
				}
			}
		}
	};
}

// Base inspection function for prefilters and transports
function inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( structure, options, originalOptions, jqXHR ) {

	var inspected = {},
		seekingTransport = ( structure === transports );

	function inspect( dataType ) {
		var selected;
		inspected[ dataType ] = true;
		jQuery.each( structure[ dataType ] || [], function( _, prefilterOrFactory ) {
			var dataTypeOrTransport = prefilterOrFactory( options, originalOptions, jqXHR );
			if ( typeof dataTypeOrTransport === "string" && !seekingTransport && !inspected[ dataTypeOrTransport ] ) {
				options.dataTypes.unshift( dataTypeOrTransport );
				inspect( dataTypeOrTransport );
				return false;
			} else if ( seekingTransport ) {
				return !( selected = dataTypeOrTransport );
			}
		});
		return selected;
	}

	return inspect( options.dataTypes[ 0 ] ) || !inspected[ "*" ] && inspect( "*" );
}

// A special extend for ajax options
// that takes "flat" options (not to be deep extended)
// Fixes #9887
function ajaxExtend( target, src ) {
	var deep, key,
		flatOptions = jQuery.ajaxSettings.flatOptions || {};

	for ( key in src ) {
		if ( src[ key ] !== undefined ) {
			( flatOptions[ key ] ? target : ( deep || (deep = {}) ) )[ key ] = src[ key ];
		}
	}
	if ( deep ) {
		jQuery.extend( true, target, deep );
	}

	return target;
}

/* Handles responses to an ajax request:
 * - finds the right dataType (mediates between content-type and expected dataType)
 * - returns the corresponding response
 */
function ajaxHandleResponses( s, jqXHR, responses ) {
	var firstDataType, ct, finalDataType, type,
		contents = s.contents,
		dataTypes = s.dataTypes;

	// Remove auto dataType and get content-type in the process
	while ( dataTypes[ 0 ] === "*" ) {
		dataTypes.shift();
		if ( ct === undefined ) {
			ct = s.mimeType || jqXHR.getResponseHeader("Content-Type");
		}
	}

	// Check if we're dealing with a known content-type
	if ( ct ) {
		for ( type in contents ) {
			if ( contents[ type ] && contents[ type ].test( ct ) ) {
				dataTypes.unshift( type );
				break;
			}
		}
	}

	// Check to see if we have a response for the expected dataType
	if ( dataTypes[ 0 ] in responses ) {
		finalDataType = dataTypes[ 0 ];
	} else {
		// Try convertible dataTypes
		for ( type in responses ) {
			if ( !dataTypes[ 0 ] || s.converters[ type + " " + dataTypes[0] ] ) {
				finalDataType = type;
				break;
			}
			if ( !firstDataType ) {
				firstDataType = type;
			}
		}
		// Or just use first one
		finalDataType = finalDataType || firstDataType;
	}

	// If we found a dataType
	// We add the dataType to the list if needed
	// and return the corresponding response
	if ( finalDataType ) {
		if ( finalDataType !== dataTypes[ 0 ] ) {
			dataTypes.unshift( finalDataType );
		}
		return responses[ finalDataType ];
	}
}

/* Chain conversions given the request and the original response
 * Also sets the responseXXX fields on the jqXHR instance
 */
function ajaxConvert( s, response, jqXHR, isSuccess ) {
	var conv2, current, conv, tmp, prev,
		converters = {},
		// Work with a copy of dataTypes in case we need to modify it for conversion
		dataTypes = s.dataTypes.slice();

	// Create converters map with lowercased keys
	if ( dataTypes[ 1 ] ) {
		for ( conv in s.converters ) {
			converters[ conv.toLowerCase() ] = s.converters[ conv ];
		}
	}

	current = dataTypes.shift();

	// Convert to each sequential dataType
	while ( current ) {

		if ( s.responseFields[ current ] ) {
			jqXHR[ s.responseFields[ current ] ] = response;
		}

		// Apply the dataFilter if provided
		if ( !prev && isSuccess && s.dataFilter ) {
			response = s.dataFilter( response, s.dataType );
		}

		prev = current;
		current = dataTypes.shift();

		if ( current ) {

			// There's only work to do if current dataType is non-auto
			if ( current === "*" ) {

				current = prev;

			// Convert response if prev dataType is non-auto and differs from current
			} else if ( prev !== "*" && prev !== current ) {

				// Seek a direct converter
				conv = converters[ prev + " " + current ] || converters[ "* " + current ];

				// If none found, seek a pair
				if ( !conv ) {
					for ( conv2 in converters ) {

						// If conv2 outputs current
						tmp = conv2.split( " " );
						if ( tmp[ 1 ] === current ) {

							// If prev can be converted to accepted input
							conv = converters[ prev + " " + tmp[ 0 ] ] ||
								converters[ "* " + tmp[ 0 ] ];
							if ( conv ) {
								// Condense equivalence converters
								if ( conv === true ) {
									conv = converters[ conv2 ];

								// Otherwise, insert the intermediate dataType
								} else if ( converters[ conv2 ] !== true ) {
									current = tmp[ 0 ];
									dataTypes.unshift( tmp[ 1 ] );
								}
								break;
							}
						}
					}
				}

				// Apply converter (if not an equivalence)
				if ( conv !== true ) {

					// Unless errors are allowed to bubble, catch and return them
					if ( conv && s[ "throws" ] ) {
						response = conv( response );
					} else {
						try {
							response = conv( response );
						} catch ( e ) {
							return { state: "parsererror", error: conv ? e : "No conversion from " + prev + " to " + current };
						}
					}
				}
			}
		}
	}

	return { state: "success", data: response };
}

jQuery.extend({

	// Counter for holding the number of active queries
	active: 0,

	// Last-Modified header cache for next request
	lastModified: {},
	etag: {},

	ajaxSettings: {
		url: ajaxLocation,
		type: "GET",
		isLocal: rlocalProtocol.test( ajaxLocParts[ 1 ] ),
		global: true,
		processData: true,
		async: true,
		contentType: "application/x-www-form-urlencoded; charset=UTF-8",
		/*
		timeout: 0,
		data: null,
		dataType: null,
		username: null,
		password: null,
		cache: null,
		throws: false,
		traditional: false,
		headers: {},
		*/

		accepts: {
			"*": allTypes,
			text: "text/plain",
			html: "text/html",
			xml: "application/xml, text/xml",
			json: "application/json, text/javascript"
		},

		contents: {
			xml: /xml/,
			html: /html/,
			json: /json/
		},

		responseFields: {
			xml: "responseXML",
			text: "responseText",
			json: "responseJSON"
		},

		// Data converters
		// Keys separate source (or catchall "*") and destination types with a single space
		converters: {

			// Convert anything to text
			"* text": String,

			// Text to html (true = no transformation)
			"text html": true,

			// Evaluate text as a json expression
			"text json": jQuery.parseJSON,

			// Parse text as xml
			"text xml": jQuery.parseXML
		},

		// For options that shouldn't be deep extended:
		// you can add your own custom options here if
		// and when you create one that shouldn't be
		// deep extended (see ajaxExtend)
		flatOptions: {
			url: true,
			context: true
		}
	},

	// Creates a full fledged settings object into target
	// with both ajaxSettings and settings fields.
	// If target is omitted, writes into ajaxSettings.
	ajaxSetup: function( target, settings ) {
		return settings ?

			// Building a settings object
			ajaxExtend( ajaxExtend( target, jQuery.ajaxSettings ), settings ) :

			// Extending ajaxSettings
			ajaxExtend( jQuery.ajaxSettings, target );
	},

	ajaxPrefilter: addToPrefiltersOrTransports( prefilters ),
	ajaxTransport: addToPrefiltersOrTransports( transports ),

	// Main method
	ajax: function( url, options ) {

		// If url is an object, simulate pre-1.5 signature
		if ( typeof url === "object" ) {
			options = url;
			url = undefined;
		}

		// Force options to be an object
		options = options || {};

		var // Cross-domain detection vars
			parts,
			// Loop variable
			i,
			// URL without anti-cache param
			cacheURL,
			// Response headers as string
			responseHeadersString,
			// timeout handle
			timeoutTimer,

			// To know if global events are to be dispatched
			fireGlobals,

			transport,
			// Response headers
			responseHeaders,
			// Create the final options object
			s = jQuery.ajaxSetup( {}, options ),
			// Callbacks context
			callbackContext = s.context || s,
			// Context for global events is callbackContext if it is a DOM node or jQuery collection
			globalEventContext = s.context && ( callbackContext.nodeType || callbackContext.jquery ) ?
				jQuery( callbackContext ) :
				jQuery.event,
			// Deferreds
			deferred = jQuery.Deferred(),
			completeDeferred = jQuery.Callbacks("once memory"),
			// Status-dependent callbacks
			statusCode = s.statusCode || {},
			// Headers (they are sent all at once)
			requestHeaders = {},
			requestHeadersNames = {},
			// The jqXHR state
			state = 0,
			// Default abort message
			strAbort = "canceled",
			// Fake xhr
			jqXHR = {
				readyState: 0,

				// Builds headers hashtable if needed
				getResponseHeader: function( key ) {
					var match;
					if ( state === 2 ) {
						if ( !responseHeaders ) {
							responseHeaders = {};
							while ( (match = rheaders.exec( responseHeadersString )) ) {
								responseHeaders[ match[1].toLowerCase() ] = match[ 2 ];
							}
						}
						match = responseHeaders[ key.toLowerCase() ];
					}
					return match == null ? null : match;
				},

				// Raw string
				getAllResponseHeaders: function() {
					return state === 2 ? responseHeadersString : null;
				},

				// Caches the header
				setRequestHeader: function( name, value ) {
					var lname = name.toLowerCase();
					if ( !state ) {
						name = requestHeadersNames[ lname ] = requestHeadersNames[ lname ] || name;
						requestHeaders[ name ] = value;
					}
					return this;
				},

				// Overrides response content-type header
				overrideMimeType: function( type ) {
					if ( !state ) {
						s.mimeType = type;
					}
					return this;
				},

				// Status-dependent callbacks
				statusCode: function( map ) {
					var code;
					if ( map ) {
						if ( state < 2 ) {
							for ( code in map ) {
								// Lazy-add the new callback in a way that preserves old ones
								statusCode[ code ] = [ statusCode[ code ], map[ code ] ];
							}
						} else {
							// Execute the appropriate callbacks
							jqXHR.always( map[ jqXHR.status ] );
						}
					}
					return this;
				},

				// Cancel the request
				abort: function( statusText ) {
					var finalText = statusText || strAbort;
					if ( transport ) {
						transport.abort( finalText );
					}
					done( 0, finalText );
					return this;
				}
			};

		// Attach deferreds
		deferred.promise( jqXHR ).complete = completeDeferred.add;
		jqXHR.success = jqXHR.done;
		jqXHR.error = jqXHR.fail;

		// Remove hash character (#7531: and string promotion)
		// Add protocol if not provided (#5866: IE7 issue with protocol-less urls)
		// Handle falsy url in the settings object (#10093: consistency with old signature)
		// We also use the url parameter if available
		s.url = ( ( url || s.url || ajaxLocation ) + "" ).replace( rhash, "" ).replace( rprotocol, ajaxLocParts[ 1 ] + "//" );

		// Alias method option to type as per ticket #12004
		s.type = options.method || options.type || s.method || s.type;

		// Extract dataTypes list
		s.dataTypes = jQuery.trim( s.dataType || "*" ).toLowerCase().match( rnotwhite ) || [ "" ];

		// A cross-domain request is in order when we have a protocol:host:port mismatch
		if ( s.crossDomain == null ) {
			parts = rurl.exec( s.url.toLowerCase() );
			s.crossDomain = !!( parts &&
				( parts[ 1 ] !== ajaxLocParts[ 1 ] || parts[ 2 ] !== ajaxLocParts[ 2 ] ||
					( parts[ 3 ] || ( parts[ 1 ] === "http:" ? "80" : "443" ) ) !==
						( ajaxLocParts[ 3 ] || ( ajaxLocParts[ 1 ] === "http:" ? "80" : "443" ) ) )
			);
		}

		// Convert data if not already a string
		if ( s.data && s.processData && typeof s.data !== "string" ) {
			s.data = jQuery.param( s.data, s.traditional );
		}

		// Apply prefilters
		inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( prefilters, s, options, jqXHR );

		// If request was aborted inside a prefilter, stop there
		if ( state === 2 ) {
			return jqXHR;
		}

		// We can fire global events as of now if asked to
		fireGlobals = s.global;

		// Watch for a new set of requests
		if ( fireGlobals && jQuery.active++ === 0 ) {
			jQuery.event.trigger("ajaxStart");
		}

		// Uppercase the type
		s.type = s.type.toUpperCase();

		// Determine if request has content
		s.hasContent = !rnoContent.test( s.type );

		// Save the URL in case we're toying with the If-Modified-Since
		// and/or If-None-Match header later on
		cacheURL = s.url;

		// More options handling for requests with no content
		if ( !s.hasContent ) {

			// If data is available, append data to url
			if ( s.data ) {
				cacheURL = ( s.url += ( rquery.test( cacheURL ) ? "&" : "?" ) + s.data );
				// #9682: remove data so that it's not used in an eventual retry
				delete s.data;
			}

			// Add anti-cache in url if needed
			if ( s.cache === false ) {
				s.url = rts.test( cacheURL ) ?

					// If there is already a '_' parameter, set its value
					cacheURL.replace( rts, "$1_=" + nonce++ ) :

					// Otherwise add one to the end
					cacheURL + ( rquery.test( cacheURL ) ? "&" : "?" ) + "_=" + nonce++;
			}
		}

		// Set the If-Modified-Since and/or If-None-Match header, if in ifModified mode.
		if ( s.ifModified ) {
			if ( jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] ) {
				jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "If-Modified-Since", jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] );
			}
			if ( jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] ) {
				jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "If-None-Match", jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] );
			}
		}

		// Set the correct header, if data is being sent
		if ( s.data && s.hasContent && s.contentType !== false || options.contentType ) {
			jqXHR.setRequestHeader( "Content-Type", s.contentType );
		}

		// Set the Accepts header for the server, depending on the dataType
		jqXHR.setRequestHeader(
			"Accept",
			s.dataTypes[ 0 ] && s.accepts[ s.dataTypes[0] ] ?
				s.accepts[ s.dataTypes[0] ] + ( s.dataTypes[ 0 ] !== "*" ? ", " + allTypes + "; q=0.01" : "" ) :
				s.accepts[ "*" ]
		);

		// Check for headers option
		for ( i in s.headers ) {
			jqXHR.setRequestHeader( i, s.headers[ i ] );
		}

		// Allow custom headers/mimetypes and early abort
		if ( s.beforeSend && ( s.beforeSend.call( callbackContext, jqXHR, s ) === false || state === 2 ) ) {
			// Abort if not done already and return
			return jqXHR.abort();
		}

		// aborting is no longer a cancellation
		strAbort = "abort";

		// Install callbacks on deferreds
		for ( i in { success: 1, error: 1, complete: 1 } ) {
			jqXHR[ i ]( s[ i ] );
		}

		// Get transport
		transport = inspectPrefiltersOrTransports( transports, s, options, jqXHR );

		// If no transport, we auto-abort
		if ( !transport ) {
			done( -1, "No Transport" );
		} else {
			jqXHR.readyState = 1;

			// Send global event
			if ( fireGlobals ) {
				globalEventContext.trigger( "ajaxSend", [ jqXHR, s ] );
			}
			// Timeout
			if ( s.async && s.timeout > 0 ) {
				timeoutTimer = setTimeout(function() {
					jqXHR.abort("timeout");
				}, s.timeout );
			}

			try {
				state = 1;
				transport.send( requestHeaders, done );
			} catch ( e ) {
				// Propagate exception as error if not done
				if ( state < 2 ) {
					done( -1, e );
				// Simply rethrow otherwise
				} else {
					throw e;
				}
			}
		}

		// Callback for when everything is done
		function done( status, nativeStatusText, responses, headers ) {
			var isSuccess, success, error, response, modified,
				statusText = nativeStatusText;

			// Called once
			if ( state === 2 ) {
				return;
			}

			// State is "done" now
			state = 2;

			// Clear timeout if it exists
			if ( timeoutTimer ) {
				clearTimeout( timeoutTimer );
			}

			// Dereference transport for early garbage collection
			// (no matter how long the jqXHR object will be used)
			transport = undefined;

			// Cache response headers
			responseHeadersString = headers || "";

			// Set readyState
			jqXHR.readyState = status > 0 ? 4 : 0;

			// Determine if successful
			isSuccess = status >= 200 && status < 300 || status === 304;

			// Get response data
			if ( responses ) {
				response = ajaxHandleResponses( s, jqXHR, responses );
			}

			// Convert no matter what (that way responseXXX fields are always set)
			response = ajaxConvert( s, response, jqXHR, isSuccess );

			// If successful, handle type chaining
			if ( isSuccess ) {

				// Set the If-Modified-Since and/or If-None-Match header, if in ifModified mode.
				if ( s.ifModified ) {
					modified = jqXHR.getResponseHeader("Last-Modified");
					if ( modified ) {
						jQuery.lastModified[ cacheURL ] = modified;
					}
					modified = jqXHR.getResponseHeader("etag");
					if ( modified ) {
						jQuery.etag[ cacheURL ] = modified;
					}
				}

				// if no content
				if ( status === 204 || s.type === "HEAD" ) {
					statusText = "nocontent";

				// if not modified
				} else if ( status === 304 ) {
					statusText = "notmodified";

				// If we have data, let's convert it
				} else {
					statusText = response.state;
					success = response.data;
					error = response.error;
					isSuccess = !error;
				}
			} else {
				// We extract error from statusText
				// then normalize statusText and status for non-aborts
				error = statusText;
				if ( status || !statusText ) {
					statusText = "error";
					if ( status < 0 ) {
						status = 0;
					}
				}
			}

			// Set data for the fake xhr object
			jqXHR.status = status;
			jqXHR.statusText = ( nativeStatusText || statusText ) + "";

			// Success/Error
			if ( isSuccess ) {
				deferred.resolveWith( callbackContext, [ success, statusText, jqXHR ] );
			} else {
				deferred.rejectWith( callbackContext, [ jqXHR, statusText, error ] );
			}

			// Status-dependent callbacks
			jqXHR.statusCode( statusCode );
			statusCode = undefined;

			if ( fireGlobals ) {
				globalEventContext.trigger( isSuccess ? "ajaxSuccess" : "ajaxError",
					[ jqXHR, s, isSuccess ? success : error ] );
			}

			// Complete
			completeDeferred.fireWith( callbackContext, [ jqXHR, statusText ] );

			if ( fireGlobals ) {
				globalEventContext.trigger( "ajaxComplete", [ jqXHR, s ] );
				// Handle the global AJAX counter
				if ( !( --jQuery.active ) ) {
					jQuery.event.trigger("ajaxStop");
				}
			}
		}

		return jqXHR;
	},

	getJSON: function( url, data, callback ) {
		return jQuery.get( url, data, callback, "json" );
	},

	getScript: function( url, callback ) {
		return jQuery.get( url, undefined, callback, "script" );
	}
});

jQuery.each( [ "get", "post" ], function( i, method ) {
	jQuery[ method ] = function( url, data, callback, type ) {
		// shift arguments if data argument was omitted
		if ( jQuery.isFunction( data ) ) {
			type = type || callback;
			callback = data;
			data = undefined;
		}

		return jQuery.ajax({
			url: url,
			type: method,
			dataType: type,
			data: data,
			success: callback
		});
	};
});

// Attach a bunch of functions for handling common AJAX events
jQuery.each( [ "ajaxStart", "ajaxStop", "ajaxComplete", "ajaxError", "ajaxSuccess", "ajaxSend" ], function( i, type ) {
	jQuery.fn[ type ] = function( fn ) {
		return this.on( type, fn );
	};
});


jQuery._evalUrl = function( url ) {
	return jQuery.ajax({
		url: url,
		type: "GET",
		dataType: "script",
		async: false,
		global: false,
		"throws": true
	});
};


jQuery.fn.extend({
	wrapAll: function( html ) {
		if ( jQuery.isFunction( html ) ) {
			return this.each(function(i) {
				jQuery(this).wrapAll( html.call(this, i) );
			});
		}

		if ( this[0] ) {
			// The elements to wrap the target around
			var wrap = jQuery( html, this[0].ownerDocument ).eq(0).clone(true);

			if ( this[0].parentNode ) {
				wrap.insertBefore( this[0] );
			}

			wrap.map(function() {
				var elem = this;

				while ( elem.firstChild && elem.firstChild.nodeType === 1 ) {
					elem = elem.firstChild;
				}

				return elem;
			}).append( this );
		}

		return this;
	},

	wrapInner: function( html ) {
		if ( jQuery.isFunction( html ) ) {
			return this.each(function(i) {
				jQuery(this).wrapInner( html.call(this, i) );
			});
		}

		return this.each(function() {
			var self = jQuery( this ),
				contents = self.contents();

			if ( contents.length ) {
				contents.wrapAll( html );

			} else {
				self.append( html );
			}
		});
	},

	wrap: function( html ) {
		var isFunction = jQuery.isFunction( html );

		return this.each(function(i) {
			jQuery( this ).wrapAll( isFunction ? html.call(this, i) : html );
		});
	},

	unwrap: function() {
		return this.parent().each(function() {
			if ( !jQuery.nodeName( this, "body" ) ) {
				jQuery( this ).replaceWith( this.childNodes );
			}
		}).end();
	}
});


jQuery.expr.filters.hidden = function( elem ) {
	// Support: Opera <= 12.12
	// Opera reports offsetWidths and offsetHeights less than zero on some elements
	return elem.offsetWidth <= 0 && elem.offsetHeight <= 0 ||
		(!support.reliableHiddenOffsets() &&
			((elem.style && elem.style.display) || jQuery.css( elem, "display" )) === "none");
};

jQuery.expr.filters.visible = function( elem ) {
	return !jQuery.expr.filters.hidden( elem );
};


var r20 = /%20/g,
	rbracket = /\[\]$/,
	rCRLF = /\r?\n/g,
	rsubmitterTypes = /^(?:submit|button|image|reset|file)$/i,
	rsubmittable = /^(?:input|select|textarea|keygen)/i;

function buildParams( prefix, obj, traditional, add ) {
	var name;

	if ( jQuery.isArray( obj ) ) {
		// Serialize array item.
		jQuery.each( obj, function( i, v ) {
			if ( traditional || rbracket.test( prefix ) ) {
				// Treat each array item as a scalar.
				add( prefix, v );

			} else {
				// Item is non-scalar (array or object), encode its numeric index.
				buildParams( prefix + "[" + ( typeof v === "object" ? i : "" ) + "]", v, traditional, add );
			}
		});

	} else if ( !traditional && jQuery.type( obj ) === "object" ) {
		// Serialize object item.
		for ( name in obj ) {
			buildParams( prefix + "[" + name + "]", obj[ name ], traditional, add );
		}

	} else {
		// Serialize scalar item.
		add( prefix, obj );
	}
}

// Serialize an array of form elements or a set of
// key/values into a query string
jQuery.param = function( a, traditional ) {
	var prefix,
		s = [],
		add = function( key, value ) {
			// If value is a function, invoke it and return its value
			value = jQuery.isFunction( value ) ? value() : ( value == null ? "" : value );
			s[ s.length ] = encodeURIComponent( key ) + "=" + encodeURIComponent( value );
		};

	// Set traditional to true for jQuery <= 1.3.2 behavior.
	if ( traditional === undefined ) {
		traditional = jQuery.ajaxSettings && jQuery.ajaxSettings.traditional;
	}

	// If an array was passed in, assume that it is an array of form elements.
	if ( jQuery.isArray( a ) || ( a.jquery && !jQuery.isPlainObject( a ) ) ) {
		// Serialize the form elements
		jQuery.each( a, function() {
			add( this.name, this.value );
		});

	} else {
		// If traditional, encode the "old" way (the way 1.3.2 or older
		// did it), otherwise encode params recursively.
		for ( prefix in a ) {
			buildParams( prefix, a[ prefix ], traditional, add );
		}
	}

	// Return the resulting serialization
	return s.join( "&" ).replace( r20, "+" );
};

jQuery.fn.extend({
	serialize: function() {
		return jQuery.param( this.serializeArray() );
	},
	serializeArray: function() {
		return this.map(function() {
			// Can add propHook for "elements" to filter or add form elements
			var elements = jQuery.prop( this, "elements" );
			return elements ? jQuery.makeArray( elements ) : this;
		})
		.filter(function() {
			var type = this.type;
			// Use .is(":disabled") so that fieldset[disabled] works
			return this.name && !jQuery( this ).is( ":disabled" ) &&
				rsubmittable.test( this.nodeName ) && !rsubmitterTypes.test( type ) &&
				( this.checked || !rcheckableType.test( type ) );
		})
		.map(function( i, elem ) {
			var val = jQuery( this ).val();

			return val == null ?
				null :
				jQuery.isArray( val ) ?
					jQuery.map( val, function( val ) {
						return { name: elem.name, value: val.replace( rCRLF, "\r\n" ) };
					}) :
					{ name: elem.name, value: val.replace( rCRLF, "\r\n" ) };
		}).get();
	}
});


// Create the request object
// (This is still attached to ajaxSettings for backward compatibility)
jQuery.ajaxSettings.xhr = window.ActiveXObject !== undefined ?
	// Support: IE6+
	function() {

		// XHR cannot access local files, always use ActiveX for that case
		return !this.isLocal &&

			// Support: IE7-8
			// oldIE XHR does not support non-RFC2616 methods (#13240)
			// See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/ms536648(v=vs.85).aspx
			// and http://www.w3.org/Protocols/rfc2616/rfc2616-sec9.html#sec9
			// Although this check for six methods instead of eight
			// since IE also does not support "trace" and "connect"
			/^(get|post|head|put|delete|options)$/i.test( this.type ) &&

			createStandardXHR() || createActiveXHR();
	} :
	// For all other browsers, use the standard XMLHttpRequest object
	createStandardXHR;

var xhrId = 0,
	xhrCallbacks = {},
	xhrSupported = jQuery.ajaxSettings.xhr();

// Support: IE<10
// Open requests must be manually aborted on unload (#5280)
if ( window.ActiveXObject ) {
	jQuery( window ).on( "unload", function() {
		for ( var key in xhrCallbacks ) {
			xhrCallbacks[ key ]( undefined, true );
		}
	});
}

// Determine support properties
support.cors = !!xhrSupported && ( "withCredentials" in xhrSupported );
xhrSupported = support.ajax = !!xhrSupported;

// Create transport if the browser can provide an xhr
if ( xhrSupported ) {

	jQuery.ajaxTransport(function( options ) {
		// Cross domain only allowed if supported through XMLHttpRequest
		if ( !options.crossDomain || support.cors ) {

			var callback;

			return {
				send: function( headers, complete ) {
					var i,
						xhr = options.xhr(),
						id = ++xhrId;

					// Open the socket
					xhr.open( options.type, options.url, options.async, options.username, options.password );

					// Apply custom fields if provided
					if ( options.xhrFields ) {
						for ( i in options.xhrFields ) {
							xhr[ i ] = options.xhrFields[ i ];
						}
					}

					// Override mime type if needed
					if ( options.mimeType && xhr.overrideMimeType ) {
						xhr.overrideMimeType( options.mimeType );
					}

					// X-Requested-With header
					// For cross-domain requests, seeing as conditions for a preflight are
					// akin to a jigsaw puzzle, we simply never set it to be sure.
					// (it can always be set on a per-request basis or even using ajaxSetup)
					// For same-domain requests, won't change header if already provided.
					if ( !options.crossDomain && !headers["X-Requested-With"] ) {
						headers["X-Requested-With"] = "XMLHttpRequest";
					}

					// Set headers
					for ( i in headers ) {
						// Support: IE<9
						// IE's ActiveXObject throws a 'Type Mismatch' exception when setting
						// request header to a null-value.
						//
						// To keep consistent with other XHR implementations, cast the value
						// to string and ignore `undefined`.
						if ( headers[ i ] !== undefined ) {
							xhr.setRequestHeader( i, headers[ i ] + "" );
						}
					}

					// Do send the request
					// This may raise an exception which is actually
					// handled in jQuery.ajax (so no try/catch here)
					xhr.send( ( options.hasContent && options.data ) || null );

					// Listener
					callback = function( _, isAbort ) {
						var status, statusText, responses;

						// Was never called and is aborted or complete
						if ( callback && ( isAbort || xhr.readyState === 4 ) ) {
							// Clean up
							delete xhrCallbacks[ id ];
							callback = undefined;
							xhr.onreadystatechange = jQuery.noop;

							// Abort manually if needed
							if ( isAbort ) {
								if ( xhr.readyState !== 4 ) {
									xhr.abort();
								}
							} else {
								responses = {};
								status = xhr.status;

								// Support: IE<10
								// Accessing binary-data responseText throws an exception
								// (#11426)
								if ( typeof xhr.responseText === "string" ) {
									responses.text = xhr.responseText;
								}

								// Firefox throws an exception when accessing
								// statusText for faulty cross-domain requests
								try {
									statusText = xhr.statusText;
								} catch( e ) {
									// We normalize with Webkit giving an empty statusText
									statusText = "";
								}

								// Filter status for non standard behaviors

								// If the request is local and we have data: assume a success
								// (success with no data won't get notified, that's the best we
								// can do given current implementations)
								if ( !status && options.isLocal && !options.crossDomain ) {
									status = responses.text ? 200 : 404;
								// IE - #1450: sometimes returns 1223 when it should be 204
								} else if ( status === 1223 ) {
									status = 204;
								}
							}
						}

						// Call complete if needed
						if ( responses ) {
							complete( status, statusText, responses, xhr.getAllResponseHeaders() );
						}
					};

					if ( !options.async ) {
						// if we're in sync mode we fire the callback
						callback();
					} else if ( xhr.readyState === 4 ) {
						// (IE6 & IE7) if it's in cache and has been
						// retrieved directly we need to fire the callback
						setTimeout( callback );
					} else {
						// Add to the list of active xhr callbacks
						xhr.onreadystatechange = xhrCallbacks[ id ] = callback;
					}
				},

				abort: function() {
					if ( callback ) {
						callback( undefined, true );
					}
				}
			};
		}
	});
}

// Functions to create xhrs
function createStandardXHR() {
	try {
		return new window.XMLHttpRequest();
	} catch( e ) {}
}

function createActiveXHR() {
	try {
		return new window.ActiveXObject( "Microsoft.XMLHTTP" );
	} catch( e ) {}
}


// Install script dataType
jQuery.ajaxSetup({
	accepts: {
		script: "text/javascript, application/javascript, application/ecmascript, application/x-ecmascript"
	},
	contents: {
		script: /(?:java|ecma)script/
	},
	converters: {
		"text script": function( text ) {
			jQuery.globalEval( text );
			return text;
		}
	}
});

// Handle cache's special case and global
jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( "script", function( s ) {
	if ( s.cache === undefined ) {
		s.cache = false;
	}
	if ( s.crossDomain ) {
		s.type = "GET";
		s.global = false;
	}
});

// Bind script tag hack transport
jQuery.ajaxTransport( "script", function(s) {

	// This transport only deals with cross domain requests
	if ( s.crossDomain ) {

		var script,
			head = document.head || jQuery("head")[0] || document.documentElement;

		return {

			send: function( _, callback ) {

				script = document.createElement("script");

				script.async = true;

				if ( s.scriptCharset ) {
					script.charset = s.scriptCharset;
				}

				script.src = s.url;

				// Attach handlers for all browsers
				script.onload = script.onreadystatechange = function( _, isAbort ) {

					if ( isAbort || !script.readyState || /loaded|complete/.test( script.readyState ) ) {

						// Handle memory leak in IE
						script.onload = script.onreadystatechange = null;

						// Remove the script
						if ( script.parentNode ) {
							script.parentNode.removeChild( script );
						}

						// Dereference the script
						script = null;

						// Callback if not abort
						if ( !isAbort ) {
							callback( 200, "success" );
						}
					}
				};

				// Circumvent IE6 bugs with base elements (#2709 and #4378) by prepending
				// Use native DOM manipulation to avoid our domManip AJAX trickery
				head.insertBefore( script, head.firstChild );
			},

			abort: function() {
				if ( script ) {
					script.onload( undefined, true );
				}
			}
		};
	}
});


var oldCallbacks = [],
	rjsonp = /(=)\?(?=&|$)|\?\?/;

// Default jsonp settings
jQuery.ajaxSetup({
	jsonp: "callback",
	jsonpCallback: function() {
		var callback = oldCallbacks.pop() || ( jQuery.expando + "_" + ( nonce++ ) );
		this[ callback ] = true;
		return callback;
	}
});

// Detect, normalize options and install callbacks for jsonp requests
jQuery.ajaxPrefilter( "json jsonp", function( s, originalSettings, jqXHR ) {

	var callbackName, overwritten, responseContainer,
		jsonProp = s.jsonp !== false && ( rjsonp.test( s.url ) ?
			"url" :
			typeof s.data === "string" && !( s.contentType || "" ).indexOf("application/x-www-form-urlencoded") && rjsonp.test( s.data ) && "data"
		);

	// Handle iff the expected data type is "jsonp" or we have a parameter to set
	if ( jsonProp || s.dataTypes[ 0 ] === "jsonp" ) {

		// Get callback name, remembering preexisting value associated with it
		callbackName = s.jsonpCallback = jQuery.isFunction( s.jsonpCallback ) ?
			s.jsonpCallback() :
			s.jsonpCallback;

		// Insert callback into url or form data
		if ( jsonProp ) {
			s[ jsonProp ] = s[ jsonProp ].replace( rjsonp, "$1" + callbackName );
		} else if ( s.jsonp !== false ) {
			s.url += ( rquery.test( s.url ) ? "&" : "?" ) + s.jsonp + "=" + callbackName;
		}

		// Use data converter to retrieve json after script execution
		s.converters["script json"] = function() {
			if ( !responseContainer ) {
				jQuery.error( callbackName + " was not called" );
			}
			return responseContainer[ 0 ];
		};

		// force json dataType
		s.dataTypes[ 0 ] = "json";

		// Install callback
		overwritten = window[ callbackName ];
		window[ callbackName ] = function() {
			responseContainer = arguments;
		};

		// Clean-up function (fires after converters)
		jqXHR.always(function() {
			// Restore preexisting value
			window[ callbackName ] = overwritten;

			// Save back as free
			if ( s[ callbackName ] ) {
				// make sure that re-using the options doesn't screw things around
				s.jsonpCallback = originalSettings.jsonpCallback;

				// save the callback name for future use
				oldCallbacks.push( callbackName );
			}

			// Call if it was a function and we have a response
			if ( responseContainer && jQuery.isFunction( overwritten ) ) {
				overwritten( responseContainer[ 0 ] );
			}

			responseContainer = overwritten = undefined;
		});

		// Delegate to script
		return "script";
	}
});


// data: string of html
// context (optional): If specified, the fragment will be created in this context, defaults to document
// keepScripts (optional): If true, will include scripts passed in the html string
jQuery.parseHTML = function( data, context, keepScripts ) {
	if ( !data || typeof data !== "string" ) {
		return null;
	}
	if ( typeof context === "boolean" ) {
		keepScripts = context;
		context = false;
	}
	context = context || document;

	var parsed = rsingleTag.exec( data ),
		scripts = !keepScripts && [];

	// Single tag
	if ( parsed ) {
		return [ context.createElement( parsed[1] ) ];
	}

	parsed = jQuery.buildFragment( [ data ], context, scripts );

	if ( scripts && scripts.length ) {
		jQuery( scripts ).remove();
	}

	return jQuery.merge( [], parsed.childNodes );
};


// Keep a copy of the old load method
var _load = jQuery.fn.load;

/**
 * Load a url into a page
 */
jQuery.fn.load = function( url, params, callback ) {
	if ( typeof url !== "string" && _load ) {
		return _load.apply( this, arguments );
	}

	var selector, response, type,
		self = this,
		off = url.indexOf(" ");

	if ( off >= 0 ) {
		selector = jQuery.trim( url.slice( off, url.length ) );
		url = url.slice( 0, off );
	}

	// If it's a function
	if ( jQuery.isFunction( params ) ) {

		// We assume that it's the callback
		callback = params;
		params = undefined;

	// Otherwise, build a param string
	} else if ( params && typeof params === "object" ) {
		type = "POST";
	}

	// If we have elements to modify, make the request
	if ( self.length > 0 ) {
		jQuery.ajax({
			url: url,

			// if "type" variable is undefined, then "GET" method will be used
			type: type,
			dataType: "html",
			data: params
		}).done(function( responseText ) {

			// Save response for use in complete callback
			response = arguments;

			self.html( selector ?

				// If a selector was specified, locate the right elements in a dummy div
				// Exclude scripts to avoid IE 'Permission Denied' errors
				jQuery("<div>").append( jQuery.parseHTML( responseText ) ).find( selector ) :

				// Otherwise use the full result
				responseText );

		}).complete( callback && function( jqXHR, status ) {
			self.each( callback, response || [ jqXHR.responseText, status, jqXHR ] );
		});
	}

	return this;
};


jQuery.expr.filters.animated = function( elem ) {
	return jQuery.grep(jQuery.timers, function( fn ) {
		return elem === fn.elem;
	}).length;
};


var docElem = window.document.documentElement;

/**
 * Gets a window from an element
 */
function getWindow( elem ) {
	return jQuery.isWindow( elem ) ?
		elem :
		elem.nodeType === 9 ?
			elem.defaultView || elem.parentWindow :
			false;
}

jQuery.offset = {
	setOffset: function( elem, options, i ) {
		var curPosition, curLeft, curCSSTop, curTop, curOffset, curCSSLeft, calculatePosition,
			position = jQuery.css( elem, "position" ),
			curElem = jQuery( elem ),
			props = {};

		// set position first, in-case top/left are set even on static elem
		if ( position === "static" ) {
			elem.style.position = "relative";
		}

		curOffset = curElem.offset();
		curCSSTop = jQuery.css( elem, "top" );
		curCSSLeft = jQuery.css( elem, "left" );
		calculatePosition = ( position === "absolute" || position === "fixed" ) &&
			jQuery.inArray("auto", [ curCSSTop, curCSSLeft ] ) > -1;

		// need to be able to calculate position if either top or left is auto and position is either absolute or fixed
		if ( calculatePosition ) {
			curPosition = curElem.position();
			curTop = curPosition.top;
			curLeft = curPosition.left;
		} else {
			curTop = parseFloat( curCSSTop ) || 0;
			curLeft = parseFloat( curCSSLeft ) || 0;
		}

		if ( jQuery.isFunction( options ) ) {
			options = options.call( elem, i, curOffset );
		}

		if ( options.top != null ) {
			props.top = ( options.top - curOffset.top ) + curTop;
		}
		if ( options.left != null ) {
			props.left = ( options.left - curOffset.left ) + curLeft;
		}

		if ( "using" in options ) {
			options.using.call( elem, props );
		} else {
			curElem.css( props );
		}
	}
};

jQuery.fn.extend({
	offset: function( options ) {
		if ( arguments.length ) {
			return options === undefined ?
				this :
				this.each(function( i ) {
					jQuery.offset.setOffset( this, options, i );
				});
		}

		var docElem, win,
			box = { top: 0, left: 0 },
			elem = this[ 0 ],
			doc = elem && elem.ownerDocument;

		if ( !doc ) {
			return;
		}

		docElem = doc.documentElement;

		// Make sure it's not a disconnected DOM node
		if ( !jQuery.contains( docElem, elem ) ) {
			return box;
		}

		// If we don't have gBCR, just use 0,0 rather than error
		// BlackBerry 5, iOS 3 (original iPhone)
		if ( typeof elem.getBoundingClientRect !== strundefined ) {
			box = elem.getBoundingClientRect();
		}
		win = getWindow( doc );
		return {
			top: box.top  + ( win.pageYOffset || docElem.scrollTop )  - ( docElem.clientTop  || 0 ),
			left: box.left + ( win.pageXOffset || docElem.scrollLeft ) - ( docElem.clientLeft || 0 )
		};
	},

	position: function() {
		if ( !this[ 0 ] ) {
			return;
		}

		var offsetParent, offset,
			parentOffset = { top: 0, left: 0 },
			elem = this[ 0 ];

		// fixed elements are offset from window (parentOffset = {top:0, left: 0}, because it is its only offset parent
		if ( jQuery.css( elem, "position" ) === "fixed" ) {
			// we assume that getBoundingClientRect is available when computed position is fixed
			offset = elem.getBoundingClientRect();
		} else {
			// Get *real* offsetParent
			offsetParent = this.offsetParent();

			// Get correct offsets
			offset = this.offset();
			if ( !jQuery.nodeName( offsetParent[ 0 ], "html" ) ) {
				parentOffset = offsetParent.offset();
			}

			// Add offsetParent borders
			parentOffset.top  += jQuery.css( offsetParent[ 0 ], "borderTopWidth", true );
			parentOffset.left += jQuery.css( offsetParent[ 0 ], "borderLeftWidth", true );
		}

		// Subtract parent offsets and element margins
		// note: when an element has margin: auto the offsetLeft and marginLeft
		// are the same in Safari causing offset.left to incorrectly be 0
		return {
			top:  offset.top  - parentOffset.top - jQuery.css( elem, "marginTop", true ),
			left: offset.left - parentOffset.left - jQuery.css( elem, "marginLeft", true)
		};
	},

	offsetParent: function() {
		return this.map(function() {
			var offsetParent = this.offsetParent || docElem;

			while ( offsetParent && ( !jQuery.nodeName( offsetParent, "html" ) && jQuery.css( offsetParent, "position" ) === "static" ) ) {
				offsetParent = offsetParent.offsetParent;
			}
			return offsetParent || docElem;
		});
	}
});

// Create scrollLeft and scrollTop methods
jQuery.each( { scrollLeft: "pageXOffset", scrollTop: "pageYOffset" }, function( method, prop ) {
	var top = /Y/.test( prop );

	jQuery.fn[ method ] = function( val ) {
		return access( this, function( elem, method, val ) {
			var win = getWindow( elem );

			if ( val === undefined ) {
				return win ? (prop in win) ? win[ prop ] :
					win.document.documentElement[ method ] :
					elem[ method ];
			}

			if ( win ) {
				win.scrollTo(
					!top ? val : jQuery( win ).scrollLeft(),
					top ? val : jQuery( win ).scrollTop()
				);

			} else {
				elem[ method ] = val;
			}
		}, method, val, arguments.length, null );
	};
});

// Add the top/left cssHooks using jQuery.fn.position
// Webkit bug: https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=29084
// getComputedStyle returns percent when specified for top/left/bottom/right
// rather than make the css module depend on the offset module, we just check for it here
jQuery.each( [ "top", "left" ], function( i, prop ) {
	jQuery.cssHooks[ prop ] = addGetHookIf( support.pixelPosition,
		function( elem, computed ) {
			if ( computed ) {
				computed = curCSS( elem, prop );
				// if curCSS returns percentage, fallback to offset
				return rnumnonpx.test( computed ) ?
					jQuery( elem ).position()[ prop ] + "px" :
					computed;
			}
		}
	);
});


// Create innerHeight, innerWidth, height, width, outerHeight and outerWidth methods
jQuery.each( { Height: "height", Width: "width" }, function( name, type ) {
	jQuery.each( { padding: "inner" + name, content: type, "": "outer" + name }, function( defaultExtra, funcName ) {
		// margin is only for outerHeight, outerWidth
		jQuery.fn[ funcName ] = function( margin, value ) {
			var chainable = arguments.length && ( defaultExtra || typeof margin !== "boolean" ),
				extra = defaultExtra || ( margin === true || value === true ? "margin" : "border" );

			return access( this, function( elem, type, value ) {
				var doc;

				if ( jQuery.isWindow( elem ) ) {
					// As of 5/8/2012 this will yield incorrect results for Mobile Safari, but there
					// isn't a whole lot we can do. See pull request at this URL for discussion:
					// https://github.com/jquery/jquery/pull/764
					return elem.document.documentElement[ "client" + name ];
				}

				// Get document width or height
				if ( elem.nodeType === 9 ) {
					doc = elem.documentElement;

					// Either scroll[Width/Height] or offset[Width/Height] or client[Width/Height], whichever is greatest
					// unfortunately, this causes bug #3838 in IE6/8 only, but there is currently no good, small way to fix it.
					return Math.max(
						elem.body[ "scroll" + name ], doc[ "scroll" + name ],
						elem.body[ "offset" + name ], doc[ "offset" + name ],
						doc[ "client" + name ]
					);
				}

				return value === undefined ?
					// Get width or height on the element, requesting but not forcing parseFloat
					jQuery.css( elem, type, extra ) :

					// Set width or height on the element
					jQuery.style( elem, type, value, extra );
			}, type, chainable ? margin : undefined, chainable, null );
		};
	});
});


// The number of elements contained in the matched element set
jQuery.fn.size = function() {
	return this.length;
};

jQuery.fn.andSelf = jQuery.fn.addBack;


// Register as a named AMD module, since jQuery can be concatenated with other
// files that may use define, but not via a proper concatenation script that
// understands anonymous AMD modules. A named AMD is safest and most robust
// way to register. Lowercase jquery is used because AMD module names are
// derived from file names, and jQuery is normally delivered in a lowercase
// file name. Do this after creating the global so that if an AMD module wants
// to call noConflict to hide this version of jQuery, it will work.

// Note that for maximum portability, libraries that are not jQuery should
// declare themselves as anonymous modules, and avoid setting a global if an
// AMD loader is present. jQuery is a special case. For more information, see
// https://github.com/jrburke/requirejs/wiki/Updating-existing-libraries#wiki-anon

if ( typeof define === "function" && define.amd ) {
	define( "jquery", [], function() {
		return jQuery;
	});
}


var
	// Map over jQuery in case of overwrite
	_jQuery = window.jQuery,

	// Map over the $ in case of overwrite
	_$ = window.$;

jQuery.noConflict = function( deep ) {
	if ( window.$ === jQuery ) {
		window.$ = _$;
	}

	if ( deep && window.jQuery === jQuery ) {
		window.jQuery = _jQuery;
	}

	return jQuery;
};

// Expose jQuery and $ identifiers, even in
// AMD (#7102#comment:10, https://github.com/jquery/jquery/pull/557)
// and CommonJS for browser emulators (#13566)
if ( typeof noGlobal === strundefined ) {
	window.jQuery = window.$ = jQuery;
}


return jQuery;

}));
(function($, undefined) {

/**
 * Unobtrusive scripting adapter for jQuery
 * https://github.com/rails/jquery-ujs
 *
 * Requires jQuery 1.8.0 or later.
 *
 * Released under the MIT license
 *
 */

  // Cut down on the number of issues from people inadvertently including jquery_ujs twice
  // by detecting and raising an error when it happens.
  if ( $.rails !== undefined ) {
    $.error('jquery-ujs has already been loaded!');
  }

  // Shorthand to make it a little easier to call public rails functions from within rails.js
  var rails;
  var $document = $(document);

  $.rails = rails = {
    // Link elements bound by jquery-ujs
    linkClickSelector: 'a[data-confirm], a[data-method], a[data-remote], a[data-disable-with], a[data-disable]',

    // Button elements bound by jquery-ujs
    buttonClickSelector: 'button[data-remote]:not(form button), button[data-confirm]:not(form button)',

    // Select elements bound by jquery-ujs
    inputChangeSelector: 'select[data-remote], input[data-remote], textarea[data-remote]',

    // Form elements bound by jquery-ujs
    formSubmitSelector: 'form',

    // Form input elements bound by jquery-ujs
    formInputClickSelector: 'form input[type=submit], form input[type=image], form button[type=submit], form button:not([type]), input[type=submit][form], input[type=image][form], button[type=submit][form], button[form]:not([type])',

    // Form input elements disabled during form submission
    disableSelector: 'input[data-disable-with]:enabled, button[data-disable-with]:enabled, textarea[data-disable-with]:enabled, input[data-disable]:enabled, button[data-disable]:enabled, textarea[data-disable]:enabled',

    // Form input elements re-enabled after form submission
    enableSelector: 'input[data-disable-with]:disabled, button[data-disable-with]:disabled, textarea[data-disable-with]:disabled, input[data-disable]:disabled, button[data-disable]:disabled, textarea[data-disable]:disabled',

    // Form required input elements
    requiredInputSelector: 'input[name][required]:not([disabled]),textarea[name][required]:not([disabled])',

    // Form file input elements
    fileInputSelector: 'input[type=file]',

    // Link onClick disable selector with possible reenable after remote submission
    linkDisableSelector: 'a[data-disable-with], a[data-disable]',

    // Button onClick disable selector with possible reenable after remote submission
    buttonDisableSelector: 'button[data-remote][data-disable-with], button[data-remote][data-disable]',

    // Make sure that every Ajax request sends the CSRF token
    CSRFProtection: function(xhr) {
      var token = $('meta[name="csrf-token"]').attr('content');
      if (token) xhr.setRequestHeader('X-CSRF-Token', token);
    },

    // making sure that all forms have actual up-to-date token(cached forms contain old one)
    refreshCSRFTokens: function(){
      var csrfToken = $('meta[name=csrf-token]').attr('content');
      var csrfParam = $('meta[name=csrf-param]').attr('content');
      $('form input[name="' + csrfParam + '"]').val(csrfToken);
    },

    // Triggers an event on an element and returns false if the event result is false
    fire: function(obj, name, data) {
      var event = $.Event(name);
      obj.trigger(event, data);
      return event.result !== false;
    },

    // Default confirm dialog, may be overridden with custom confirm dialog in $.rails.confirm
    confirm: function(message) {
      return confirm(message);
    },

    // Default ajax function, may be overridden with custom function in $.rails.ajax
    ajax: function(options) {
      return $.ajax(options);
    },

    // Default way to get an element's href. May be overridden at $.rails.href.
    href: function(element) {
      return element.attr('href');
    },

    // Submits "remote" forms and links with ajax
    handleRemote: function(element) {
      var method, url, data, elCrossDomain, crossDomain, withCredentials, dataType, options;

      if (rails.fire(element, 'ajax:before')) {
        elCrossDomain = element.data('cross-domain');
        crossDomain = elCrossDomain === undefined ? null : elCrossDomain;
        withCredentials = element.data('with-credentials') || null;
        dataType = element.data('type') || ($.ajaxSettings && $.ajaxSettings.dataType);

        if (element.is('form')) {
          method = element.attr('method');
          url = element.attr('action');
          data = element.serializeArray();
          // memoized value from clicked submit button
          var button = element.data('ujs:submit-button');
          if (button) {
            data.push(button);
            element.data('ujs:submit-button', null);
          }
        } else if (element.is(rails.inputChangeSelector)) {
          method = element.data('method');
          url = element.data('url');
          data = element.serialize();
          if (element.data('params')) data = data + "&" + element.data('params');
        } else if (element.is(rails.buttonClickSelector)) {
          method = element.data('method') || 'get';
          url = element.data('url');
          data = element.serialize();
          if (element.data('params')) data = data + "&" + element.data('params');
        } else {
          method = element.data('method');
          url = rails.href(element);
          data = element.data('params') || null;
        }

        options = {
          type: method || 'GET', data: data, dataType: dataType,
          // stopping the "ajax:beforeSend" event will cancel the ajax request
          beforeSend: function(xhr, settings) {
            if (settings.dataType === undefined) {
              xhr.setRequestHeader('accept', '*/*;q=0.5, ' + settings.accepts.script);
            }
            if (rails.fire(element, 'ajax:beforeSend', [xhr, settings])) {
              element.trigger('ajax:send', xhr);
            } else {
              return false;
            }
          },
          success: function(data, status, xhr) {
            element.trigger('ajax:success', [data, status, xhr]);
          },
          complete: function(xhr, status) {
            element.trigger('ajax:complete', [xhr, status]);
          },
          error: function(xhr, status, error) {
            element.trigger('ajax:error', [xhr, status, error]);
          },
          crossDomain: crossDomain
        };

        // There is no withCredentials for IE6-8 when
        // "Enable native XMLHTTP support" is disabled
        if (withCredentials) {
          options.xhrFields = {
            withCredentials: withCredentials
          };
        }

        // Only pass url to `ajax` options if not blank
        if (url) { options.url = url; }

        return rails.ajax(options);
      } else {
        return false;
      }
    },

    // Handles "data-method" on links such as:
    // <a href="/users/5" data-method="delete" rel="nofollow" data-confirm="Are you sure?">Delete</a>
    handleMethod: function(link) {
      var href = rails.href(link),
        method = link.data('method'),
        target = link.attr('target'),
        csrfToken = $('meta[name=csrf-token]').attr('content'),
        csrfParam = $('meta[name=csrf-param]').attr('content'),
        form = $('<form method="post" action="' + href + '"></form>'),
        metadataInput = '<input name="_method" value="' + method + '" type="hidden" />';

      if (csrfParam !== undefined && csrfToken !== undefined) {
        metadataInput += '<input name="' + csrfParam + '" value="' + csrfToken + '" type="hidden" />';
      }

      if (target) { form.attr('target', target); }

      form.hide().append(metadataInput).appendTo('body');
      form.submit();
    },

    // Helper function that returns form elements that match the specified CSS selector
    // If form is actually a "form" element this will return associated elements outside the from that have
    // the html form attribute set
    formElements: function(form, selector) {
      return form.is('form') ? $(form[0].elements).filter(selector) : form.find(selector);
    },

    /* Disables form elements:
      - Caches element value in 'ujs:enable-with' data store
      - Replaces element text with value of 'data-disable-with' attribute
      - Sets disabled property to true
    */
    disableFormElements: function(form) {
      rails.formElements(form, rails.disableSelector).each(function() {
        rails.disableFormElement($(this));
      });
    },

    disableFormElement: function(element) {
      var method, replacement;

      method = element.is('button') ? 'html' : 'val';
      replacement = element.data('disable-with');

      element.data('ujs:enable-with', element[method]());
      if (replacement !== undefined) {
        element[method](replacement);
      }

      element.prop('disabled', true);
    },

    /* Re-enables disabled form elements:
      - Replaces element text with cached value from 'ujs:enable-with' data store (created in `disableFormElements`)
      - Sets disabled property to false
    */
    enableFormElements: function(form) {
      rails.formElements(form, rails.enableSelector).each(function() {
        rails.enableFormElement($(this));
      });
    },

    enableFormElement: function(element) {
      var method = element.is('button') ? 'html' : 'val';
      if (element.data('ujs:enable-with')) element[method](element.data('ujs:enable-with'));
      element.prop('disabled', false);
    },

   /* For 'data-confirm' attribute:
      - Fires `confirm` event
      - Shows the confirmation dialog
      - Fires the `confirm:complete` event

      Returns `true` if no function stops the chain and user chose yes; `false` otherwise.
      Attaching a handler to the element's `confirm` event that returns a `falsy` value cancels the confirmation dialog.
      Attaching a handler to the element's `confirm:complete` event that returns a `falsy` value makes this function
      return false. The `confirm:complete` event is fired whether or not the user answered true or false to the dialog.
   */
    allowAction: function(element) {
      var message = element.data('confirm'),
          answer = false, callback;
      if (!message) { return true; }

      if (rails.fire(element, 'confirm')) {
        answer = rails.confirm(message);
        callback = rails.fire(element, 'confirm:complete', [answer]);
      }
      return answer && callback;
    },

    // Helper function which checks for blank inputs in a form that match the specified CSS selector
    blankInputs: function(form, specifiedSelector, nonBlank) {
      var inputs = $(), input, valueToCheck,
          selector = specifiedSelector || 'input,textarea',
          allInputs = form.find(selector);

      allInputs.each(function() {
        input = $(this);
        valueToCheck = input.is('input[type=checkbox],input[type=radio]') ? input.is(':checked') : input.val();
        // If nonBlank and valueToCheck are both truthy, or nonBlank and valueToCheck are both falsey
        if (!valueToCheck === !nonBlank) {

          // Don't count unchecked required radio if other radio with same name is checked
          if (input.is('input[type=radio]') && allInputs.filter('input[type=radio]:checked[name="' + input.attr('name') + '"]').length) {
            return true; // Skip to next input
          }

          inputs = inputs.add(input);
        }
      });
      return inputs.length ? inputs : false;
    },

    // Helper function which checks for non-blank inputs in a form that match the specified CSS selector
    nonBlankInputs: function(form, specifiedSelector) {
      return rails.blankInputs(form, specifiedSelector, true); // true specifies nonBlank
    },

    // Helper function, needed to provide consistent behavior in IE
    stopEverything: function(e) {
      $(e.target).trigger('ujs:everythingStopped');
      e.stopImmediatePropagation();
      return false;
    },

    //  replace element's html with the 'data-disable-with' after storing original html
    //  and prevent clicking on it
    disableElement: function(element) {
      var replacement = element.data('disable-with');

      element.data('ujs:enable-with', element.html()); // store enabled state
      if (replacement !== undefined) {
        element.html(replacement);
      }

      element.bind('click.railsDisable', function(e) { // prevent further clicking
        return rails.stopEverything(e);
      });
    },

    // restore element to its original state which was disabled by 'disableElement' above
    enableElement: function(element) {
      if (element.data('ujs:enable-with') !== undefined) {
        element.html(element.data('ujs:enable-with')); // set to old enabled state
        element.removeData('ujs:enable-with'); // clean up cache
      }
      element.unbind('click.railsDisable'); // enable element
    }
  };

  if (rails.fire($document, 'rails:attachBindings')) {

    $.ajaxPrefilter(function(options, originalOptions, xhr){ if ( !options.crossDomain ) { rails.CSRFProtection(xhr); }});

    $document.delegate(rails.linkDisableSelector, 'ajax:complete', function() {
        rails.enableElement($(this));
    });

    $document.delegate(rails.buttonDisableSelector, 'ajax:complete', function() {
        rails.enableFormElement($(this));
    });

    $document.delegate(rails.linkClickSelector, 'click.rails', function(e) {
      var link = $(this), method = link.data('method'), data = link.data('params'), metaClick = e.metaKey || e.ctrlKey;
      if (!rails.allowAction(link)) return rails.stopEverything(e);

      if (!metaClick && link.is(rails.linkDisableSelector)) rails.disableElement(link);

      if (link.data('remote') !== undefined) {
        if (metaClick && (!method || method === 'GET') && !data) { return true; }

        var handleRemote = rails.handleRemote(link);
        // response from rails.handleRemote() will either be false or a deferred object promise.
        if (handleRemote === false) {
          rails.enableElement(link);
        } else {
          handleRemote.error( function() { rails.enableElement(link); } );
        }
        return false;

      } else if (link.data('method')) {
        rails.handleMethod(link);
        return false;
      }
    });

    $document.delegate(rails.buttonClickSelector, 'click.rails', function(e) {
      var button = $(this);

      if (!rails.allowAction(button)) return rails.stopEverything(e);

      if (button.is(rails.buttonDisableSelector)) rails.disableFormElement(button);

      var handleRemote = rails.handleRemote(button);
      // response from rails.handleRemote() will either be false or a deferred object promise.
      if (handleRemote === false) {
        rails.enableFormElement(button);
      } else {
        handleRemote.error( function() { rails.enableFormElement(button); } );
      }
      return false;
    });

    $document.delegate(rails.inputChangeSelector, 'change.rails', function(e) {
      var link = $(this);
      if (!rails.allowAction(link)) return rails.stopEverything(e);

      rails.handleRemote(link);
      return false;
    });

    $document.delegate(rails.formSubmitSelector, 'submit.rails', function(e) {
      var form = $(this),
        remote = form.data('remote') !== undefined,
        blankRequiredInputs,
        nonBlankFileInputs;

      if (!rails.allowAction(form)) return rails.stopEverything(e);

      // skip other logic when required values are missing or file upload is present
      if (form.attr('novalidate') == undefined) {
        blankRequiredInputs = rails.blankInputs(form, rails.requiredInputSelector);
        if (blankRequiredInputs && rails.fire(form, 'ajax:aborted:required', [blankRequiredInputs])) {
          return rails.stopEverything(e);
        }
      }

      if (remote) {
        nonBlankFileInputs = rails.nonBlankInputs(form, rails.fileInputSelector);
        if (nonBlankFileInputs) {
          // slight timeout so that the submit button gets properly serialized
          // (make it easy for event handler to serialize form without disabled values)
          setTimeout(function(){ rails.disableFormElements(form); }, 13);
          var aborted = rails.fire(form, 'ajax:aborted:file', [nonBlankFileInputs]);

          // re-enable form elements if event bindings return false (canceling normal form submission)
          if (!aborted) { setTimeout(function(){ rails.enableFormElements(form); }, 13); }

          return aborted;
        }

        rails.handleRemote(form);
        return false;

      } else {
        // slight timeout so that the submit button gets properly serialized
        setTimeout(function(){ rails.disableFormElements(form); }, 13);
      }
    });

    $document.delegate(rails.formInputClickSelector, 'click.rails', function(event) {
      var button = $(this);

      if (!rails.allowAction(button)) return rails.stopEverything(event);

      // register the pressed submit button
      var name = button.attr('name'),
        data = name ? {name:name, value:button.val()} : null;

      button.closest('form').data('ujs:submit-button', data);
    });

    $document.delegate(rails.formSubmitSelector, 'ajax:send.rails', function(event) {
      if (this == event.target) rails.disableFormElements($(this));
    });

    $document.delegate(rails.formSubmitSelector, 'ajax:complete.rails', function(event) {
      if (this == event.target) rails.enableFormElements($(this));
    });

    $(function(){
      rails.refreshCSRFTokens();
    });
  }

})( jQuery );
/**
 * @license AngularJS v1.3.0-beta.17
 * (c) 2010-2014 Google, Inc. http://angularjs.org
 * License: MIT
 */

(function(window, document, undefined) {'use strict';

/**
 * @description
 *
 * This object provides a utility for producing rich Error messages within
 * Angular. It can be called as follows:
 *
 * var exampleMinErr = minErr('example');
 * throw exampleMinErr('one', 'This {0} is {1}', foo, bar);
 *
 * The above creates an instance of minErr in the example namespace. The
 * resulting error will have a namespaced error code of example.one.  The
 * resulting error will replace {0} with the value of foo, and {1} with the
 * value of bar. The object is not restricted in the number of arguments it can
 * take.
 *
 * If fewer arguments are specified than necessary for interpolation, the extra
 * interpolation markers will be preserved in the final string.
 *
 * Since data will be parsed statically during a build step, some restrictions
 * are applied with respect to how minErr instances are created and called.
 * Instances should have names of the form namespaceMinErr for a minErr created
 * using minErr('namespace') . Error codes, namespaces and template strings
 * should all be static strings, not variables or general expressions.
 *
 * @param {string} module The namespace to use for the new minErr instance.
 * @returns {function(code:string, template:string, ...templateArgs): Error} minErr instance
 */

function minErr(module) {
  return function () {
    var code = arguments[0],
      prefix = '[' + (module ? module + ':' : '') + code + '] ',
      template = arguments[1],
      templateArgs = arguments,
      stringify = function (obj) {
        if (typeof obj === 'function') {
          return obj.toString().replace(/ \{[\s\S]*$/, '');
        } else if (typeof obj === 'undefined') {
          return 'undefined';
        } else if (typeof obj !== 'string') {
          return JSON.stringify(obj);
        }
        return obj;
      },
      message, i;

    message = prefix + template.replace(/\{\d+\}/g, function (match) {
      var index = +match.slice(1, -1), arg;

      if (index + 2 < templateArgs.length) {
        arg = templateArgs[index + 2];
        if (typeof arg === 'function') {
          return arg.toString().replace(/ ?\{[\s\S]*$/, '');
        } else if (typeof arg === 'undefined') {
          return 'undefined';
        } else if (typeof arg !== 'string') {
          return toJson(arg);
        }
        return arg;
      }
      return match;
    });

    message = message + '\nhttp://errors.angularjs.org/1.3.0-beta.17/' +
      (module ? module + '/' : '') + code;
    for (i = 2; i < arguments.length; i++) {
      message = message + (i == 2 ? '?' : '&') + 'p' + (i-2) + '=' +
        encodeURIComponent(stringify(arguments[i]));
    }

    return new Error(message);
  };
}

/* We need to tell jshint what variables are being exported */
/* global angular: true,
  msie: true,
  jqLite: true,
  jQuery: true,
  slice: true,
  push: true,
  toString: true,
  ngMinErr: true,
  angularModule: true,
  nodeName_: true,
  uid: true,
  REGEX_STRING_REGEXP: true,
  VALIDITY_STATE_PROPERTY: true,

  lowercase: true,
  uppercase: true,
  manualLowercase: true,
  manualUppercase: true,
  nodeName_: true,
  isArrayLike: true,
  forEach: true,
  sortedKeys: true,
  forEachSorted: true,
  reverseParams: true,
  nextUid: true,
  setHashKey: true,
  extend: true,
  int: true,
  inherit: true,
  noop: true,
  identity: true,
  valueFn: true,
  isUndefined: true,
  isDefined: true,
  isObject: true,
  isString: true,
  isNumber: true,
  isDate: true,
  isArray: true,
  isFunction: true,
  isRegExp: true,
  isWindow: true,
  isScope: true,
  isFile: true,
  isBlob: true,
  isBoolean: true,
  isPromiseLike: true,
  trim: true,
  isElement: true,
  makeMap: true,
  map: true,
  size: true,
  includes: true,
  indexOf: true,
  arrayRemove: true,
  isLeafNode: true,
  copy: true,
  shallowCopy: true,
  equals: true,
  csp: true,
  concat: true,
  sliceArgs: true,
  bind: true,
  toJsonReplacer: true,
  toJson: true,
  fromJson: true,
  startingTag: true,
  tryDecodeURIComponent: true,
  parseKeyValue: true,
  toKeyValue: true,
  encodeUriSegment: true,
  encodeUriQuery: true,
  angularInit: true,
  bootstrap: true,
  snake_case: true,
  bindJQuery: true,
  assertArg: true,
  assertArgFn: true,
  assertNotHasOwnProperty: true,
  getter: true,
  getBlockElements: true,
  hasOwnProperty: true,
*/

////////////////////////////////////

/**
 * @ngdoc module
 * @name ng
 * @module ng
 * @description
 *
 * # ng (core module)
 * The ng module is loaded by default when an AngularJS application is started. The module itself
 * contains the essential components for an AngularJS application to function. The table below
 * lists a high level breakdown of each of the services/factories, filters, directives and testing
 * components available within this core module.
 *
 * <div doc-module-components="ng"></div>
 */

var REGEX_STRING_REGEXP = /^\/(.+)\/([a-z]*)$/;

// The name of a form control's ValidityState property.
// This is used so that it's possible for internal tests to create mock ValidityStates.
var VALIDITY_STATE_PROPERTY = 'validity';

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.lowercase
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description Converts the specified string to lowercase.
 * @param {string} string String to be converted to lowercase.
 * @returns {string} Lowercased string.
 */
var lowercase = function(string){return isString(string) ? string.toLowerCase() : string;};
var hasOwnProperty = Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty;

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.uppercase
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description Converts the specified string to uppercase.
 * @param {string} string String to be converted to uppercase.
 * @returns {string} Uppercased string.
 */
var uppercase = function(string){return isString(string) ? string.toUpperCase() : string;};


var manualLowercase = function(s) {
  /* jshint bitwise: false */
  return isString(s)
      ? s.replace(/[A-Z]/g, function(ch) {return String.fromCharCode(ch.charCodeAt(0) | 32);})
      : s;
};
var manualUppercase = function(s) {
  /* jshint bitwise: false */
  return isString(s)
      ? s.replace(/[a-z]/g, function(ch) {return String.fromCharCode(ch.charCodeAt(0) & ~32);})
      : s;
};


// String#toLowerCase and String#toUpperCase don't produce correct results in browsers with Turkish
// locale, for this reason we need to detect this case and redefine lowercase/uppercase methods
// with correct but slower alternatives.
if ('i' !== 'I'.toLowerCase()) {
  lowercase = manualLowercase;
  uppercase = manualUppercase;
}


var /** holds major version number for IE or NaN for real browsers */
    msie,
    jqLite,           // delay binding since jQuery could be loaded after us.
    jQuery,           // delay binding
    slice             = [].slice,
    push              = [].push,
    toString          = Object.prototype.toString,
    ngMinErr          = minErr('ng'),

    /** @name angular */
    angular           = window.angular || (window.angular = {}),
    angularModule,
    nodeName_,
    uid               = 0;

/**
 * IE 11 changed the format of the UserAgent string.
 * See http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ms537503.aspx
 */
msie = int((/msie (\d+)/.exec(lowercase(navigator.userAgent)) || [])[1]);
if (isNaN(msie)) {
  msie = int((/trident\/.*; rv:(\d+)/.exec(lowercase(navigator.userAgent)) || [])[1]);
}


/**
 * @private
 * @param {*} obj
 * @return {boolean} Returns true if `obj` is an array or array-like object (NodeList, Arguments,
 *                   String ...)
 */
function isArrayLike(obj) {
  if (obj == null || isWindow(obj)) {
    return false;
  }

  var length = obj.length;

  if (obj.nodeType === 1 && length) {
    return true;
  }

  return isString(obj) || isArray(obj) || length === 0 ||
         typeof length === 'number' && length > 0 && (length - 1) in obj;
}

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.forEach
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Invokes the `iterator` function once for each item in `obj` collection, which can be either an
 * object or an array. The `iterator` function is invoked with `iterator(value, key)`, where `value`
 * is the value of an object property or an array element and `key` is the object property key or
 * array element index. Specifying a `context` for the function is optional.
 *
 * It is worth noting that `.forEach` does not iterate over inherited properties because it filters
 * using the `hasOwnProperty` method.
 *
   ```js
     var values = {name: 'misko', gender: 'male'};
     var log = [];
     angular.forEach(values, function(value, key) {
       this.push(key + ': ' + value);
     }, log);
     expect(log).toEqual(['name: misko', 'gender: male']);
   ```
 *
 * @param {Object|Array} obj Object to iterate over.
 * @param {Function} iterator Iterator function.
 * @param {Object=} context Object to become context (`this`) for the iterator function.
 * @returns {Object|Array} Reference to `obj`.
 */

function forEach(obj, iterator, context) {
  var key, length;
  if (obj) {
    if (isFunction(obj)) {
      for (key in obj) {
        // Need to check if hasOwnProperty exists,
        // as on IE8 the result of querySelectorAll is an object without a hasOwnProperty function
        if (key != 'prototype' && key != 'length' && key != 'name' && (!obj.hasOwnProperty || obj.hasOwnProperty(key))) {
          iterator.call(context, obj[key], key);
        }
      }
    } else if (isArray(obj) || isArrayLike(obj)) {
      for (key = 0, length = obj.length; key < length; key++) {
        iterator.call(context, obj[key], key);
      }
    } else if (obj.forEach && obj.forEach !== forEach) {
        obj.forEach(iterator, context);
    } else {
      for (key in obj) {
        if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
          iterator.call(context, obj[key], key);
        }
      }
    }
  }
  return obj;
}

function sortedKeys(obj) {
  var keys = [];
  for (var key in obj) {
    if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
      keys.push(key);
    }
  }
  return keys.sort();
}

function forEachSorted(obj, iterator, context) {
  var keys = sortedKeys(obj);
  for ( var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
    iterator.call(context, obj[keys[i]], keys[i]);
  }
  return keys;
}


/**
 * when using forEach the params are value, key, but it is often useful to have key, value.
 * @param {function(string, *)} iteratorFn
 * @returns {function(*, string)}
 */
function reverseParams(iteratorFn) {
  return function(value, key) { iteratorFn(key, value); };
}

/**
 * A consistent way of creating unique IDs in angular.
 *
 * Using simple numbers allows us to generate 28.6 million unique ids per second for 10 years before
 * we hit number precision issues in JavaScript.
 *
 * Math.pow(2,53) / 60 / 60 / 24 / 365 / 10 = 28.6M
 *
 * @returns {number} an unique alpha-numeric string
 */
function nextUid() {
  return ++uid;
}


/**
 * Set or clear the hashkey for an object.
 * @param obj object
 * @param h the hashkey (!truthy to delete the hashkey)
 */
function setHashKey(obj, h) {
  if (h) {
    obj.$$hashKey = h;
  }
  else {
    delete obj.$$hashKey;
  }
}

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.extend
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Extends the destination object `dst` by copying all of the properties from the `src` object(s)
 * to `dst`. You can specify multiple `src` objects.
 *
 * @param {Object} dst Destination object.
 * @param {...Object} src Source object(s).
 * @returns {Object} Reference to `dst`.
 */
function extend(dst) {
  var h = dst.$$hashKey;
  forEach(arguments, function(obj) {
    if (obj !== dst) {
      forEach(obj, function(value, key) {
        dst[key] = value;
      });
    }
  });

  setHashKey(dst,h);
  return dst;
}

function int(str) {
  return parseInt(str, 10);
}


function inherit(parent, extra) {
  return extend(new (extend(function() {}, {prototype:parent}))(), extra);
}

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.noop
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * A function that performs no operations. This function can be useful when writing code in the
 * functional style.
   ```js
     function foo(callback) {
       var result = calculateResult();
       (callback || angular.noop)(result);
     }
   ```
 */
function noop() {}
noop.$inject = [];


/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.identity
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * A function that returns its first argument. This function is useful when writing code in the
 * functional style.
 *
   ```js
     function transformer(transformationFn, value) {
       return (transformationFn || angular.identity)(value);
     };
   ```
 */
function identity($) {return $;}
identity.$inject = [];


function valueFn(value) {return function() {return value;};}

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.isUndefined
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Determines if a reference is undefined.
 *
 * @param {*} value Reference to check.
 * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is undefined.
 */
function isUndefined(value){return typeof value === 'undefined';}


/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.isDefined
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Determines if a reference is defined.
 *
 * @param {*} value Reference to check.
 * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is defined.
 */
function isDefined(value){return typeof value !== 'undefined';}


/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.isObject
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Determines if a reference is an `Object`. Unlike `typeof` in JavaScript, `null`s are not
 * considered to be objects. Note that JavaScript arrays are objects.
 *
 * @param {*} value Reference to check.
 * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is an `Object` but not `null`.
 */
function isObject(value){return value != null && typeof value === 'object';}


/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.isString
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Determines if a reference is a `String`.
 *
 * @param {*} value Reference to check.
 * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a `String`.
 */
function isString(value){return typeof value === 'string';}


/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.isNumber
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Determines if a reference is a `Number`.
 *
 * @param {*} value Reference to check.
 * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a `Number`.
 */
function isNumber(value){return typeof value === 'number';}


/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.isDate
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Determines if a value is a date.
 *
 * @param {*} value Reference to check.
 * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a `Date`.
 */
function isDate(value) {
  return toString.call(value) === '[object Date]';
}


/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.isArray
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Determines if a reference is an `Array`.
 *
 * @param {*} value Reference to check.
 * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is an `Array`.
 */
var isArray = (function() {
  if (!isFunction(Array.isArray)) {
    return function(value) {
      return toString.call(value) === '[object Array]';
    };
  }
  return Array.isArray;
})();

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.isFunction
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Determines if a reference is a `Function`.
 *
 * @param {*} value Reference to check.
 * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a `Function`.
 */
function isFunction(value){return typeof value === 'function';}


/**
 * Determines if a value is a regular expression object.
 *
 * @private
 * @param {*} value Reference to check.
 * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a `RegExp`.
 */
function isRegExp(value) {
  return toString.call(value) === '[object RegExp]';
}


/**
 * Checks if `obj` is a window object.
 *
 * @private
 * @param {*} obj Object to check
 * @returns {boolean} True if `obj` is a window obj.
 */
function isWindow(obj) {
  return obj && obj.window === obj;
}


function isScope(obj) {
  return obj && obj.$evalAsync && obj.$watch;
}


function isFile(obj) {
  return toString.call(obj) === '[object File]';
}


function isBlob(obj) {
  return toString.call(obj) === '[object Blob]';
}


function isBoolean(value) {
  return typeof value === 'boolean';
}


function isPromiseLike(obj) {
  return obj && isFunction(obj.then);
}


var trim = (function() {
  // native trim is way faster: http://jsperf.com/angular-trim-test
  // but IE doesn't have it... :-(
  // TODO: we should move this into IE/ES5 polyfill
  if (!String.prototype.trim) {
    return function(value) {
      return isString(value) ? value.replace(/^\s\s*/, '').replace(/\s\s*$/, '') : value;
    };
  }
  return function(value) {
    return isString(value) ? value.trim() : value;
  };
})();


/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.isElement
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Determines if a reference is a DOM element (or wrapped jQuery element).
 *
 * @param {*} value Reference to check.
 * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is a DOM element (or wrapped jQuery element).
 */
function isElement(node) {
  return !!(node &&
    (node.nodeName  // we are a direct element
    || (node.prop && node.attr && node.find)));  // we have an on and find method part of jQuery API
}

/**
 * @param str 'key1,key2,...'
 * @returns {object} in the form of {key1:true, key2:true, ...}
 */
function makeMap(str) {
  var obj = {}, items = str.split(","), i;
  for ( i = 0; i < items.length; i++ )
    obj[ items[i] ] = true;
  return obj;
}


if (msie < 9) {
  nodeName_ = function(element) {
    element = element.nodeName ? element : element[0];
    return lowercase(
      (element.scopeName && element.scopeName != 'HTML')
      ? element.scopeName + ':' + element.nodeName : element.nodeName
    );
  };
} else {
  nodeName_ = function(element) {
    return lowercase(element.nodeName ? element.nodeName : element[0].nodeName);
  };
}


function map(obj, iterator, context) {
  var results = [];
  forEach(obj, function(value, index, list) {
    results.push(iterator.call(context, value, index, list));
  });
  return results;
}


/**
 * @description
 * Determines the number of elements in an array, the number of properties an object has, or
 * the length of a string.
 *
 * Note: This function is used to augment the Object type in Angular expressions. See
 * {@link angular.Object} for more information about Angular arrays.
 *
 * @param {Object|Array|string} obj Object, array, or string to inspect.
 * @param {boolean} [ownPropsOnly=false] Count only "own" properties in an object
 * @returns {number} The size of `obj` or `0` if `obj` is neither an object nor an array.
 */
function size(obj, ownPropsOnly) {
  var count = 0, key;

  if (isArray(obj) || isString(obj)) {
    return obj.length;
  } else if (isObject(obj)) {
    for (key in obj)
      if (!ownPropsOnly || obj.hasOwnProperty(key))
        count++;
  }

  return count;
}


function includes(array, obj) {
  return indexOf(array, obj) != -1;
}

function indexOf(array, obj) {
  if (array.indexOf) return array.indexOf(obj);

  for (var i = 0; i < array.length; i++) {
    if (obj === array[i]) return i;
  }
  return -1;
}

function arrayRemove(array, value) {
  var index = indexOf(array, value);
  if (index >=0)
    array.splice(index, 1);
  return value;
}

function isLeafNode (node) {
  if (node) {
    switch (nodeName_(node)) {
    case "option":
    case "pre":
    case "title":
      return true;
    }
  }
  return false;
}

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.copy
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Creates a deep copy of `source`, which should be an object or an array.
 *
 * * If no destination is supplied, a copy of the object or array is created.
 * * If a destination is provided, all of its elements (for array) or properties (for objects)
 *   are deleted and then all elements/properties from the source are copied to it.
 * * If `source` is not an object or array (inc. `null` and `undefined`), `source` is returned.
 * * If `source` is identical to 'destination' an exception will be thrown.
 *
 * @param {*} source The source that will be used to make a copy.
 *                   Can be any type, including primitives, `null`, and `undefined`.
 * @param {(Object|Array)=} destination Destination into which the source is copied. If
 *     provided, must be of the same type as `source`.
 * @returns {*} The copy or updated `destination`, if `destination` was specified.
 *
 * @example
 <example module="copyExample">
 <file name="index.html">
 <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
 <form novalidate class="simple-form">
 Name: <input type="text" ng-model="user.name" /><br />
 E-mail: <input type="email" ng-model="user.email" /><br />
 Gender: <input type="radio" ng-model="user.gender" value="male" />male
 <input type="radio" ng-model="user.gender" value="female" />female<br />
 <button ng-click="reset()">RESET</button>
 <button ng-click="update(user)">SAVE</button>
 </form>
 <pre>form = {{user | json}}</pre>
 <pre>master = {{master | json}}</pre>
 </div>

 <script>
  angular.module('copyExample', [])
    .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
      $scope.master= {};

      $scope.update = function(user) {
        // Example with 1 argument
        $scope.master= angular.copy(user);
      };

      $scope.reset = function() {
        // Example with 2 arguments
        angular.copy($scope.master, $scope.user);
      };

      $scope.reset();
    }]);
 </script>
 </file>
 </example>
 */
function copy(source, destination, stackSource, stackDest) {
  if (isWindow(source) || isScope(source)) {
    throw ngMinErr('cpws',
      "Can't copy! Making copies of Window or Scope instances is not supported.");
  }

  if (!destination) {
    destination = source;
    if (source) {
      if (isArray(source)) {
        destination = copy(source, [], stackSource, stackDest);
      } else if (isDate(source)) {
        destination = new Date(source.getTime());
      } else if (isRegExp(source)) {
        destination = new RegExp(source.source, source.toString().match(/[^\/]*$/)[0]);
        destination.lastIndex = source.lastIndex;
      } else if (isObject(source)) {
        var emptyObject = Object.create(Object.getPrototypeOf(source));
        destination = copy(source, emptyObject, stackSource, stackDest);
      }
    }
  } else {
    if (source === destination) throw ngMinErr('cpi',
      "Can't copy! Source and destination are identical.");

    stackSource = stackSource || [];
    stackDest = stackDest || [];

    if (isObject(source)) {
      var index = indexOf(stackSource, source);
      if (index !== -1) return stackDest[index];

      stackSource.push(source);
      stackDest.push(destination);
    }

    var result;
    if (isArray(source)) {
      destination.length = 0;
      for ( var i = 0; i < source.length; i++) {
        result = copy(source[i], null, stackSource, stackDest);
        if (isObject(source[i])) {
          stackSource.push(source[i]);
          stackDest.push(result);
        }
        destination.push(result);
      }
    } else {
      var h = destination.$$hashKey;
      forEach(destination, function(value, key) {
        delete destination[key];
      });
      for ( var key in source) {
        if(source.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
          result = copy(source[key], null, stackSource, stackDest);
          if (isObject(source[key])) {
            stackSource.push(source[key]);
            stackDest.push(result);
          }
          destination[key] = result;
        }
      }
      setHashKey(destination,h);
    }

  }
  return destination;
}

/**
 * Creates a shallow copy of an object, an array or a primitive
 */
function shallowCopy(src, dst) {
  var i = 0;
  if (isArray(src)) {
    dst = dst || [];

    for (; i < src.length; i++) {
      dst[i] = src[i];
    }
  } else if (isObject(src)) {
    dst = dst || {};

    var keys = Object.keys(src);

    for (var l = keys.length; i < l; i++) {
      var key = keys[i];

      if (!(key.charAt(0) === '$' && key.charAt(1) === '$')) {
        dst[key] = src[key];
      }
    }
  }

  return dst || src;
}


/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.equals
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Determines if two objects or two values are equivalent. Supports value types, regular
 * expressions, arrays and objects.
 *
 * Two objects or values are considered equivalent if at least one of the following is true:
 *
 * * Both objects or values pass `===` comparison.
 * * Both objects or values are of the same type and all of their properties are equal by
 *   comparing them with `angular.equals`.
 * * Both values are NaN. (In JavaScript, NaN == NaN => false. But we consider two NaN as equal)
 * * Both values represent the same regular expression (In JavaScript,
 *   /abc/ == /abc/ => false. But we consider two regular expressions as equal when their textual
 *   representation matches).
 *
 * During a property comparison, properties of `function` type and properties with names
 * that begin with `$` are ignored.
 *
 * Scope and DOMWindow objects are being compared only by identify (`===`).
 *
 * @param {*} o1 Object or value to compare.
 * @param {*} o2 Object or value to compare.
 * @returns {boolean} True if arguments are equal.
 */
function equals(o1, o2) {
  if (o1 === o2) return true;
  if (o1 === null || o2 === null) return false;
  if (o1 !== o1 && o2 !== o2) return true; // NaN === NaN
  var t1 = typeof o1, t2 = typeof o2, length, key, keySet;
  if (t1 == t2) {
    if (t1 == 'object') {
      if (isArray(o1)) {
        if (!isArray(o2)) return false;
        if ((length = o1.length) == o2.length) {
          for(key=0; key<length; key++) {
            if (!equals(o1[key], o2[key])) return false;
          }
          return true;
        }
      } else if (isDate(o1)) {
        return isDate(o2) && o1.getTime() == o2.getTime();
      } else if (isRegExp(o1) && isRegExp(o2)) {
        return o1.toString() == o2.toString();
      } else {
        if (isScope(o1) || isScope(o2) || isWindow(o1) || isWindow(o2) || isArray(o2)) return false;
        keySet = {};
        for(key in o1) {
          if (key.charAt(0) === '$' || isFunction(o1[key])) continue;
          if (!equals(o1[key], o2[key])) return false;
          keySet[key] = true;
        }
        for(key in o2) {
          if (!keySet.hasOwnProperty(key) &&
              key.charAt(0) !== '$' &&
              o2[key] !== undefined &&
              !isFunction(o2[key])) return false;
        }
        return true;
      }
    }
  }
  return false;
}

var csp = function() {
  if (isDefined(csp.isActive_)) return csp.isActive_;

  var active = !!(document.querySelector('[ng-csp]') ||
                  document.querySelector('[data-ng-csp]'));

  if (!active) {
    try {
      /* jshint -W031, -W054 */
      new Function('');
      /* jshint +W031, +W054 */
    } catch (e) {
      active = true;
    }
  }

  return (csp.isActive_ = active);
};


function concat(array1, array2, index) {
  return array1.concat(slice.call(array2, index));
}

function sliceArgs(args, startIndex) {
  return slice.call(args, startIndex || 0);
}


/* jshint -W101 */
/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.bind
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Returns a function which calls function `fn` bound to `self` (`self` becomes the `this` for
 * `fn`). You can supply optional `args` that are prebound to the function. This feature is also
 * known as [partial application](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial_application), as
 * distinguished from [function currying](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Currying#Contrast_with_partial_function_application).
 *
 * @param {Object} self Context which `fn` should be evaluated in.
 * @param {function()} fn Function to be bound.
 * @param {...*} args Optional arguments to be prebound to the `fn` function call.
 * @returns {function()} Function that wraps the `fn` with all the specified bindings.
 */
/* jshint +W101 */
function bind(self, fn) {
  var curryArgs = arguments.length > 2 ? sliceArgs(arguments, 2) : [];
  if (isFunction(fn) && !(fn instanceof RegExp)) {
    return curryArgs.length
      ? function() {
          return arguments.length
            ? fn.apply(self, curryArgs.concat(slice.call(arguments, 0)))
            : fn.apply(self, curryArgs);
        }
      : function() {
          return arguments.length
            ? fn.apply(self, arguments)
            : fn.call(self);
        };
  } else {
    // in IE, native methods are not functions so they cannot be bound (note: they don't need to be)
    return fn;
  }
}


function toJsonReplacer(key, value) {
  var val = value;

  if (typeof key === 'string' && key.charAt(0) === '$' && key.charAt(1) === '$') {
    val = undefined;
  } else if (isWindow(value)) {
    val = '$WINDOW';
  } else if (value &&  document === value) {
    val = '$DOCUMENT';
  } else if (isScope(value)) {
    val = '$SCOPE';
  }

  return val;
}


/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.toJson
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Serializes input into a JSON-formatted string. Properties with leading $$ characters will be
 * stripped since angular uses this notation internally.
 *
 * @param {Object|Array|Date|string|number} obj Input to be serialized into JSON.
 * @param {boolean=} pretty If set to true, the JSON output will contain newlines and whitespace.
 * @returns {string|undefined} JSON-ified string representing `obj`.
 */
function toJson(obj, pretty) {
  if (typeof obj === 'undefined') return undefined;
  return JSON.stringify(obj, toJsonReplacer, pretty ? '  ' : null);
}


/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.fromJson
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Deserializes a JSON string.
 *
 * @param {string} json JSON string to deserialize.
 * @returns {Object|Array|string|number} Deserialized thingy.
 */
function fromJson(json) {
  return isString(json)
      ? JSON.parse(json)
      : json;
}


/**
 * @returns {string} Returns the string representation of the element.
 */
function startingTag(element) {
  element = jqLite(element).clone();
  try {
    // turns out IE does not let you set .html() on elements which
    // are not allowed to have children. So we just ignore it.
    element.empty();
  } catch(e) {}
  // As Per DOM Standards
  var TEXT_NODE = 3;
  var elemHtml = jqLite('<div>').append(element).html();
  try {
    return element[0].nodeType === TEXT_NODE ? lowercase(elemHtml) :
        elemHtml.
          match(/^(<[^>]+>)/)[1].
          replace(/^<([\w\-]+)/, function(match, nodeName) { return '<' + lowercase(nodeName); });
  } catch(e) {
    return lowercase(elemHtml);
  }

}


/////////////////////////////////////////////////

/**
 * Tries to decode the URI component without throwing an exception.
 *
 * @private
 * @param str value potential URI component to check.
 * @returns {boolean} True if `value` can be decoded
 * with the decodeURIComponent function.
 */
function tryDecodeURIComponent(value) {
  try {
    return decodeURIComponent(value);
  } catch(e) {
    // Ignore any invalid uri component
  }
}


/**
 * Parses an escaped url query string into key-value pairs.
 * @returns {Object.<string,boolean|Array>}
 */
function parseKeyValue(/**string*/keyValue) {
  var obj = {}, key_value, key;
  forEach((keyValue || "").split('&'), function(keyValue) {
    if ( keyValue ) {
      key_value = keyValue.replace(/\+/g,'%20').split('=');
      key = tryDecodeURIComponent(key_value[0]);
      if ( isDefined(key) ) {
        var val = isDefined(key_value[1]) ? tryDecodeURIComponent(key_value[1]) : true;
        if (!hasOwnProperty.call(obj, key)) {
          obj[key] = val;
        } else if(isArray(obj[key])) {
          obj[key].push(val);
        } else {
          obj[key] = [obj[key],val];
        }
      }
    }
  });
  return obj;
}

function toKeyValue(obj) {
  var parts = [];
  forEach(obj, function(value, key) {
    if (isArray(value)) {
      forEach(value, function(arrayValue) {
        parts.push(encodeUriQuery(key, true) +
                   (arrayValue === true ? '' : '=' + encodeUriQuery(arrayValue, true)));
      });
    } else {
    parts.push(encodeUriQuery(key, true) +
               (value === true ? '' : '=' + encodeUriQuery(value, true)));
    }
  });
  return parts.length ? parts.join('&') : '';
}


/**
 * We need our custom method because encodeURIComponent is too aggressive and doesn't follow
 * http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt with regards to the character set (pchar) allowed in path
 * segments:
 *    segment       = *pchar
 *    pchar         = unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / ":" / "@"
 *    pct-encoded   = "%" HEXDIG HEXDIG
 *    unreserved    = ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~"
 *    sub-delims    = "!" / "$" / "&" / "'" / "(" / ")"
 *                     / "*" / "+" / "," / ";" / "="
 */
function encodeUriSegment(val) {
  return encodeUriQuery(val, true).
             replace(/%26/gi, '&').
             replace(/%3D/gi, '=').
             replace(/%2B/gi, '+');
}


/**
 * This method is intended for encoding *key* or *value* parts of query component. We need a custom
 * method because encodeURIComponent is too aggressive and encodes stuff that doesn't have to be
 * encoded per http://tools.ietf.org/html/rfc3986:
 *    query       = *( pchar / "/" / "?" )
 *    pchar         = unreserved / pct-encoded / sub-delims / ":" / "@"
 *    unreserved    = ALPHA / DIGIT / "-" / "." / "_" / "~"
 *    pct-encoded   = "%" HEXDIG HEXDIG
 *    sub-delims    = "!" / "$" / "&" / "'" / "(" / ")"
 *                     / "*" / "+" / "," / ";" / "="
 */
function encodeUriQuery(val, pctEncodeSpaces) {
  return encodeURIComponent(val).
             replace(/%40/gi, '@').
             replace(/%3A/gi, ':').
             replace(/%24/g, '$').
             replace(/%2C/gi, ',').
             replace(/%20/g, (pctEncodeSpaces ? '%20' : '+'));
}

var ngAttrPrefixes = ['ng-', 'data-ng-', 'ng:', 'x-ng-'];

function getNgAttribute(element, ngAttr) {
  var attr, i, ii = ngAttrPrefixes.length;
  element = jqLite(element);
  for (i=0; i<ii; ++i) {
    attr = ngAttrPrefixes[i] + ngAttr;
    if (isString(attr = element.attr(attr))) {
      return attr;
    }
  }
  return null;
}

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngApp
 * @module ng
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {angular.Module} ngApp an optional application
 *   {@link angular.module module} name to load.
 * @param {boolean=} ngStrictDi if this attribute is present on the app element, the injector will be
 *   created in "strict-di" mode. This means that the application will fail to invoke functions which
 *   do not use explicit function annotation (and are thus unsuitable for minification), as described
 *   in {@link guide/di the Dependency Injection guide}, and useful debugging info will assist in
 *   tracking down the root of these bugs.
 *
 * @description
 *
 * Use this directive to **auto-bootstrap** an AngularJS application. The `ngApp` directive
 * designates the **root element** of the application and is typically placed near the root element
 * of the page - e.g. on the `<body>` or `<html>` tags.
 *
 * Only one AngularJS application can be auto-bootstrapped per HTML document. The first `ngApp`
 * found in the document will be used to define the root element to auto-bootstrap as an
 * application. To run multiple applications in an HTML document you must manually bootstrap them using
 * {@link angular.bootstrap} instead. AngularJS applications cannot be nested within each other.
 *
 * You can specify an **AngularJS module** to be used as the root module for the application.  This
 * module will be loaded into the {@link auto.$injector} when the application is bootstrapped and
 * should contain the application code needed or have dependencies on other modules that will
 * contain the code. See {@link angular.module} for more information.
 *
 * In the example below if the `ngApp` directive were not placed on the `html` element then the
 * document would not be compiled, the `AppController` would not be instantiated and the `{{ a+b }}`
 * would not be resolved to `3`.
 *
 * `ngApp` is the easiest, and most common, way to bootstrap an application.
 *
 <example module="ngAppDemo">
   <file name="index.html">
   <div ng-controller="ngAppDemoController">
     I can add: {{a}} + {{b}} =  {{ a+b }}
   </div>
   </file>
   <file name="script.js">
   angular.module('ngAppDemo', []).controller('ngAppDemoController', function($scope) {
     $scope.a = 1;
     $scope.b = 2;
   });
   </file>
 </example>
 *
 * Using `ngStrictDi`, you would see something like this:
 *
 <example ng-app-included="true">
   <file name="index.html">
   <div ng-app="ngAppStrictDemo" ng-strict-di>
       <div ng-controller="GoodController1">
           I can add: {{a}} + {{b}} =  {{ a+b }}

           <p>This renders because the controller does not fail to
              instantiate, by using explicit annotation style (see
              script.js for details)
           </p>
       </div>

       <div ng-controller="GoodController2">
           Name: <input ng-model="name"><br />
           Hello, {{name}}!

           <p>This renders because the controller does not fail to
              instantiate, by using explicit annotation style
              (see script.js for details)
           </p>
       </div>

       <div ng-controller="BadController">
           I can add: {{a}} + {{b}} =  {{ a+b }}

           <p>The controller could not be instantiated, due to relying
              on automatic function annotations (which are disabled in
              strict mode). As such, the content of this section is not
              interpolated, and there should be an error in your web console.
           </p>
       </div>
   </div>
   </file>
   <file name="script.js">
   angular.module('ngAppStrictDemo', [])
     // BadController will fail to instantiate, due to relying on automatic function annotation,
     // rather than an explicit annotation
     .controller('BadController', function($scope) {
       $scope.a = 1;
       $scope.b = 2;
     })
     // Unlike BadController, GoodController1 and GoodController2 will not fail to be instantiated,
     // due to using explicit annotations using the array style and $inject property, respectively.
     .controller('GoodController1', ['$scope', function($scope) {
       $scope.a = 1;
       $scope.b = 2;
     }])
     .controller('GoodController2', GoodController2);
     function GoodController2($scope) {
       $scope.name = "World";
     }
     GoodController2.$inject = ['$scope'];
   </file>
   <file name="style.css">
   div[ng-controller] {
       margin-bottom: 1em;
       -webkit-border-radius: 4px;
       border-radius: 4px;
       border: 1px solid;
       padding: .5em;
   }
   div[ng-controller^=Good] {
       border-color: #d6e9c6;
       background-color: #dff0d8;
       color: #3c763d;
   }
   div[ng-controller^=Bad] {
       border-color: #ebccd1;
       background-color: #f2dede;
       color: #a94442;
       margin-bottom: 0;
   }
   </file>
 </example>
 */
function angularInit(element, bootstrap) {
  var appElement,
      module,
      config = {};

  // The element `element` has priority over any other element
  forEach(ngAttrPrefixes, function(prefix) {
    var name = prefix + 'app';

    if (!appElement && element.hasAttribute && element.hasAttribute(name)) {
      appElement = element;
      module = element.getAttribute(name);
    }
  });
  forEach(ngAttrPrefixes, function(prefix) {
    var name = prefix + 'app';
    var candidate;

    if (!appElement && (candidate = element.querySelector('[' + name.replace(':', '\\:') + ']'))) {
      appElement = candidate;
      module = candidate.getAttribute(name);
    }
  });
  if (appElement) {
    config.strictDi = getNgAttribute(appElement, "strict-di") !== null;
    bootstrap(appElement, module ? [module] : [], config);
  }
}

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.bootstrap
 * @module ng
 * @description
 * Use this function to manually start up angular application.
 *
 * See: {@link guide/bootstrap Bootstrap}
 *
 * Note that Protractor based end-to-end tests cannot use this function to bootstrap manually.
 * They must use {@link ng.directive:ngApp ngApp}.
 *
 * Angular will detect if it has been loaded into the browser more than once and only allow the
 * first loaded script to be bootstrapped and will report a warning to the browser console for
 * each of the subsequent scripts. This prevents strange results in applications, where otherwise
 * multiple instances of Angular try to work on the DOM.
 *
 * ```html
 * <!doctype html>
 * <html>
 * <body>
 * <div ng-controller="WelcomeController">
 *   {{greeting}}
 * </div>
 *
 * <script src="angular.js"></script>
 * <script>
 *   var app = angular.module('demo', [])
 *   .controller('WelcomeController', function($scope) {
 *       $scope.greeting = 'Welcome!';
 *   });
 *   angular.bootstrap(document, ['demo']);
 * </script>
 * </body>
 * </html>
 * ```
 *
 * @param {DOMElement} element DOM element which is the root of angular application.
 * @param {Array<String|Function|Array>=} modules an array of modules to load into the application.
 *     Each item in the array should be the name of a predefined module or a (DI annotated)
 *     function that will be invoked by the injector as a run block.
 *     See: {@link angular.module modules}
 * @param {Object=} config an object for defining configuration options for the application. The
 *     following keys are supported:
 *
 *     - `strictDi`: disable automatic function annotation for the application. This is meant to
 *       assist in finding bugs which break minified code.
 *
 * @returns {auto.$injector} Returns the newly created injector for this app.
 */
function bootstrap(element, modules, config) {
  if (!isObject(config)) config = {};
  var defaultConfig = {
    strictDi: false
  };
  config = extend(defaultConfig, config);
  var doBootstrap = function() {
    element = jqLite(element);

    if (element.injector()) {
      var tag = (element[0] === document) ? 'document' : startingTag(element);
      throw ngMinErr('btstrpd', "App Already Bootstrapped with this Element '{0}'", tag);
    }

    modules = modules || [];
    modules.unshift(['$provide', function($provide) {
      $provide.value('$rootElement', element);
    }]);
    modules.unshift('ng');
    var injector = createInjector(modules, config.strictDi);
    injector.invoke(['$rootScope', '$rootElement', '$compile', '$injector',
       function(scope, element, compile, injector) {
        scope.$apply(function() {
          element.data('$injector', injector);
          compile(element)(scope);
        });
      }]
    );
    return injector;
  };

  var NG_DEFER_BOOTSTRAP = /^NG_DEFER_BOOTSTRAP!/;

  if (window && !NG_DEFER_BOOTSTRAP.test(window.name)) {
    return doBootstrap();
  }

  window.name = window.name.replace(NG_DEFER_BOOTSTRAP, '');
  angular.resumeBootstrap = function(extraModules) {
    forEach(extraModules, function(module) {
      modules.push(module);
    });
    doBootstrap();
  };
}

var SNAKE_CASE_REGEXP = /[A-Z]/g;
function snake_case(name, separator) {
  separator = separator || '_';
  return name.replace(SNAKE_CASE_REGEXP, function(letter, pos) {
    return (pos ? separator : '') + letter.toLowerCase();
  });
}

function bindJQuery() {
  var originalCleanData;
  // bind to jQuery if present;
  jQuery = window.jQuery;
  // Use jQuery if it exists with proper functionality, otherwise default to us.
  // Angular 1.2+ requires jQuery 1.7.1+ for on()/off() support.
  if (jQuery && jQuery.fn.on) {
    jqLite = jQuery;
    extend(jQuery.fn, {
      scope: JQLitePrototype.scope,
      isolateScope: JQLitePrototype.isolateScope,
      controller: JQLitePrototype.controller,
      injector: JQLitePrototype.injector,
      inheritedData: JQLitePrototype.inheritedData
    });

    originalCleanData = jQuery.cleanData;
    // Prevent double-proxying.
    originalCleanData = originalCleanData.$$original || originalCleanData;

    // All nodes removed from the DOM via various jQuery APIs like .remove()
    // are passed through jQuery.cleanData. Monkey-patch this method to fire
    // the $destroy event on all removed nodes.
    jQuery.cleanData = function(elems) {
      for (var i = 0, elem; (elem = elems[i]) != null; i++) {
        jQuery(elem).triggerHandler('$destroy');
      }
      originalCleanData(elems);
    };
    jQuery.cleanData.$$original = originalCleanData;
  } else {
    jqLite = JQLite;
  }

  angular.element = jqLite;
}

/**
 * throw error if the argument is falsy.
 */
function assertArg(arg, name, reason) {
  if (!arg) {
    throw ngMinErr('areq', "Argument '{0}' is {1}", (name || '?'), (reason || "required"));
  }
  return arg;
}

function assertArgFn(arg, name, acceptArrayAnnotation) {
  if (acceptArrayAnnotation && isArray(arg)) {
      arg = arg[arg.length - 1];
  }

  assertArg(isFunction(arg), name, 'not a function, got ' +
      (arg && typeof arg === 'object' ? arg.constructor.name || 'Object' : typeof arg));
  return arg;
}

/**
 * throw error if the name given is hasOwnProperty
 * @param  {String} name    the name to test
 * @param  {String} context the context in which the name is used, such as module or directive
 */
function assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, context) {
  if (name === 'hasOwnProperty') {
    throw ngMinErr('badname', "hasOwnProperty is not a valid {0} name", context);
  }
}

/**
 * Return the value accessible from the object by path. Any undefined traversals are ignored
 * @param {Object} obj starting object
 * @param {String} path path to traverse
 * @param {boolean} [bindFnToScope=true]
 * @returns {Object} value as accessible by path
 */
//TODO(misko): this function needs to be removed
function getter(obj, path, bindFnToScope) {
  if (!path) return obj;
  var keys = path.split('.');
  var key;
  var lastInstance = obj;
  var len = keys.length;

  for (var i = 0; i < len; i++) {
    key = keys[i];
    if (obj) {
      obj = (lastInstance = obj)[key];
    }
  }
  if (!bindFnToScope && isFunction(obj)) {
    return bind(lastInstance, obj);
  }
  return obj;
}

/**
 * Return the DOM siblings between the first and last node in the given array.
 * @param {Array} array like object
 * @returns {DOMElement} object containing the elements
 */
function getBlockElements(nodes) {
  var startNode = nodes[0],
      endNode = nodes[nodes.length - 1];
  if (startNode === endNode) {
    return jqLite(startNode);
  }

  var element = startNode;
  var elements = [element];

  do {
    element = element.nextSibling;
    if (!element) break;
    elements.push(element);
  } while (element !== endNode);

  return jqLite(elements);
}

/**
 * @ngdoc type
 * @name angular.Module
 * @module ng
 * @description
 *
 * Interface for configuring angular {@link angular.module modules}.
 */

function setupModuleLoader(window) {

  var $injectorMinErr = minErr('$injector');
  var ngMinErr = minErr('ng');

  function ensure(obj, name, factory) {
    return obj[name] || (obj[name] = factory());
  }

  var angular = ensure(window, 'angular', Object);

  // We need to expose `angular.$$minErr` to modules such as `ngResource` that reference it during bootstrap
  angular.$$minErr = angular.$$minErr || minErr;

  return ensure(angular, 'module', function() {
    /** @type {Object.<string, angular.Module>} */
    var modules = {};

    /**
     * @ngdoc function
     * @name angular.module
     * @module ng
     * @description
     *
     * The `angular.module` is a global place for creating, registering and retrieving Angular
     * modules.
     * All modules (angular core or 3rd party) that should be available to an application must be
     * registered using this mechanism.
     *
     * When passed two or more arguments, a new module is created.  If passed only one argument, an
     * existing module (the name passed as the first argument to `module`) is retrieved.
     *
     *
     * # Module
     *
     * A module is a collection of services, directives, controllers, filters, and configuration information.
     * `angular.module` is used to configure the {@link auto.$injector $injector}.
     *
     * ```js
     * // Create a new module
     * var myModule = angular.module('myModule', []);
     *
     * // register a new service
     * myModule.value('appName', 'MyCoolApp');
     *
     * // configure existing services inside initialization blocks.
     * myModule.config(['$locationProvider', function($locationProvider) {
     *   // Configure existing providers
     *   $locationProvider.hashPrefix('!');
     * }]);
     * ```
     *
     * Then you can create an injector and load your modules like this:
     *
     * ```js
     * var injector = angular.injector(['ng', 'myModule'])
     * ```
     *
     * However it's more likely that you'll just use
     * {@link ng.directive:ngApp ngApp} or
     * {@link angular.bootstrap} to simplify this process for you.
     *
     * @param {!string} name The name of the module to create or retrieve.
     * @param {!Array.<string>=} requires If specified then new module is being created. If
     *        unspecified then the module is being retrieved for further configuration.
     * @param {Function=} configFn Optional configuration function for the module. Same as
     *        {@link angular.Module#config Module#config()}.
     * @returns {module} new module with the {@link angular.Module} api.
     */
    return function module(name, requires, configFn) {
      var assertNotHasOwnProperty = function(name, context) {
        if (name === 'hasOwnProperty') {
          throw ngMinErr('badname', 'hasOwnProperty is not a valid {0} name', context);
        }
      };

      assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, 'module');
      if (requires && modules.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
        modules[name] = null;
      }
      return ensure(modules, name, function() {
        if (!requires) {
          throw $injectorMinErr('nomod', "Module '{0}' is not available! You either misspelled " +
             "the module name or forgot to load it. If registering a module ensure that you " +
             "specify the dependencies as the second argument.", name);
        }

        /** @type {!Array.<Array.<*>>} */
        var invokeQueue = [];

        /** @type {!Array.<Function>} */
        var configBlocks = [];

        /** @type {!Array.<Function>} */
        var runBlocks = [];

        var config = invokeLater('$injector', 'invoke', 'push', configBlocks);

        /** @type {angular.Module} */
        var moduleInstance = {
          // Private state
          _invokeQueue: invokeQueue,
          _configBlocks: configBlocks,
          _runBlocks: runBlocks,

          /**
           * @ngdoc property
           * @name angular.Module#requires
           * @module ng
           * @returns {Array.<string>} List of module names which must be loaded before this module.
           * @description
           * Holds the list of modules which the injector will load before the current module is
           * loaded.
           */
          requires: requires,

          /**
           * @ngdoc property
           * @name angular.Module#name
           * @module ng
           * @returns {string} Name of the module.
           * @description
           */
          name: name,


          /**
           * @ngdoc method
           * @name angular.Module#provider
           * @module ng
           * @param {string} name service name
           * @param {Function} providerType Construction function for creating new instance of the
           *                                service.
           * @description
           * See {@link auto.$provide#provider $provide.provider()}.
           */
          provider: invokeLater('$provide', 'provider'),

          /**
           * @ngdoc method
           * @name angular.Module#factory
           * @module ng
           * @param {string} name service name
           * @param {Function} providerFunction Function for creating new instance of the service.
           * @description
           * See {@link auto.$provide#factory $provide.factory()}.
           */
          factory: invokeLater('$provide', 'factory'),

          /**
           * @ngdoc method
           * @name angular.Module#service
           * @module ng
           * @param {string} name service name
           * @param {Function} constructor A constructor function that will be instantiated.
           * @description
           * See {@link auto.$provide#service $provide.service()}.
           */
          service: invokeLater('$provide', 'service'),

          /**
           * @ngdoc method
           * @name angular.Module#value
           * @module ng
           * @param {string} name service name
           * @param {*} object Service instance object.
           * @description
           * See {@link auto.$provide#value $provide.value()}.
           */
          value: invokeLater('$provide', 'value'),

          /**
           * @ngdoc method
           * @name angular.Module#constant
           * @module ng
           * @param {string} name constant name
           * @param {*} object Constant value.
           * @description
           * Because the constant are fixed, they get applied before other provide methods.
           * See {@link auto.$provide#constant $provide.constant()}.
           */
          constant: invokeLater('$provide', 'constant', 'unshift'),

          /**
           * @ngdoc method
           * @name angular.Module#animation
           * @module ng
           * @param {string} name animation name
           * @param {Function} animationFactory Factory function for creating new instance of an
           *                                    animation.
           * @description
           *
           * **NOTE**: animations take effect only if the **ngAnimate** module is loaded.
           *
           *
           * Defines an animation hook that can be later used with
           * {@link ngAnimate.$animate $animate} service and directives that use this service.
           *
           * ```js
           * module.animation('.animation-name', function($inject1, $inject2) {
           *   return {
           *     eventName : function(element, done) {
           *       //code to run the animation
           *       //once complete, then run done()
           *       return function cancellationFunction(element) {
           *         //code to cancel the animation
           *       }
           *     }
           *   }
           * })
           * ```
           *
           * See {@link ngAnimate.$animateProvider#register $animateProvider.register()} and
           * {@link ngAnimate ngAnimate module} for more information.
           */
          animation: invokeLater('$animateProvider', 'register'),

          /**
           * @ngdoc method
           * @name angular.Module#filter
           * @module ng
           * @param {string} name Filter name.
           * @param {Function} filterFactory Factory function for creating new instance of filter.
           * @description
           * See {@link ng.$filterProvider#register $filterProvider.register()}.
           */
          filter: invokeLater('$filterProvider', 'register'),

          /**
           * @ngdoc method
           * @name angular.Module#controller
           * @module ng
           * @param {string|Object} name Controller name, or an object map of controllers where the
           *    keys are the names and the values are the constructors.
           * @param {Function} constructor Controller constructor function.
           * @description
           * See {@link ng.$controllerProvider#register $controllerProvider.register()}.
           */
          controller: invokeLater('$controllerProvider', 'register'),

          /**
           * @ngdoc method
           * @name angular.Module#directive
           * @module ng
           * @param {string|Object} name Directive name, or an object map of directives where the
           *    keys are the names and the values are the factories.
           * @param {Function} directiveFactory Factory function for creating new instance of
           * directives.
           * @description
           * See {@link ng.$compileProvider#directive $compileProvider.directive()}.
           */
          directive: invokeLater('$compileProvider', 'directive'),

          /**
           * @ngdoc method
           * @name angular.Module#config
           * @module ng
           * @param {Function} configFn Execute this function on module load. Useful for service
           *    configuration.
           * @description
           * Use this method to register work which needs to be performed on module loading.
           * For more about how to configure services, see
           * {@link providers#providers_provider-recipe Provider Recipe}.
           */
          config: config,

          /**
           * @ngdoc method
           * @name angular.Module#run
           * @module ng
           * @param {Function} initializationFn Execute this function after injector creation.
           *    Useful for application initialization.
           * @description
           * Use this method to register work which should be performed when the injector is done
           * loading all modules.
           */
          run: function(block) {
            runBlocks.push(block);
            return this;
          }
        };

        if (configFn) {
          config(configFn);
        }

        return  moduleInstance;

        /**
         * @param {string} provider
         * @param {string} method
         * @param {String=} insertMethod
         * @returns {angular.Module}
         */
        function invokeLater(provider, method, insertMethod, queue) {
          if (!queue) queue = invokeQueue;
          return function() {
            queue[insertMethod || 'push']([provider, method, arguments]);
            return moduleInstance;
          };
        }
      });
    };
  });

}

/* global angularModule: true,
  version: true,

  $LocaleProvider,
  $CompileProvider,

  htmlAnchorDirective,
  inputDirective,
  inputDirective,
  formDirective,
  scriptDirective,
  selectDirective,
  styleDirective,
  optionDirective,
  ngBindDirective,
  ngBindHtmlDirective,
  ngBindTemplateDirective,
  ngClassDirective,
  ngClassEvenDirective,
  ngClassOddDirective,
  ngCspDirective,
  ngCloakDirective,
  ngControllerDirective,
  ngFormDirective,
  ngHideDirective,
  ngIfDirective,
  ngIncludeDirective,
  ngIncludeFillContentDirective,
  ngInitDirective,
  ngNonBindableDirective,
  ngPluralizeDirective,
  ngRepeatDirective,
  ngShowDirective,
  ngStyleDirective,
  ngSwitchDirective,
  ngSwitchWhenDirective,
  ngSwitchDefaultDirective,
  ngOptionsDirective,
  ngTranscludeDirective,
  ngModelDirective,
  ngListDirective,
  ngChangeDirective,
  patternDirective,
  patternDirective,
  requiredDirective,
  requiredDirective,
  minlengthDirective,
  minlengthDirective,
  maxlengthDirective,
  maxlengthDirective,
  ngValueDirective,
  ngModelOptionsDirective,
  ngAttributeAliasDirectives,
  ngEventDirectives,

  $AnchorScrollProvider,
  $AnimateProvider,
  $BrowserProvider,
  $CacheFactoryProvider,
  $ControllerProvider,
  $DocumentProvider,
  $ExceptionHandlerProvider,
  $FilterProvider,
  $InterpolateProvider,
  $IntervalProvider,
  $HttpProvider,
  $HttpBackendProvider,
  $LocationProvider,
  $LogProvider,
  $ParseProvider,
  $RootScopeProvider,
  $QProvider,
  $$QProvider,
  $$SanitizeUriProvider,
  $SceProvider,
  $SceDelegateProvider,
  $SnifferProvider,
  $TemplateCacheProvider,
  $TimeoutProvider,
  $$RAFProvider,
  $$AsyncCallbackProvider,
  $WindowProvider
*/


/**
 * @ngdoc object
 * @name angular.version
 * @module ng
 * @description
 * An object that contains information about the current AngularJS version. This object has the
 * following properties:
 *
 * - `full` – `{string}` – Full version string, such as "0.9.18".
 * - `major` – `{number}` – Major version number, such as "0".
 * - `minor` – `{number}` – Minor version number, such as "9".
 * - `dot` – `{number}` – Dot version number, such as "18".
 * - `codeName` – `{string}` – Code name of the release, such as "jiggling-armfat".
 */
var version = {
  full: '1.3.0-beta.17',    // all of these placeholder strings will be replaced by grunt's
  major: 1,    // package task
  minor: 3,
  dot: 0,
  codeName: 'turing-autocompletion'
};


function publishExternalAPI(angular){
  extend(angular, {
    'bootstrap': bootstrap,
    'copy': copy,
    'extend': extend,
    'equals': equals,
    'element': jqLite,
    'forEach': forEach,
    'injector': createInjector,
    'noop':noop,
    'bind':bind,
    'toJson': toJson,
    'fromJson': fromJson,
    'identity':identity,
    'isUndefined': isUndefined,
    'isDefined': isDefined,
    'isString': isString,
    'isFunction': isFunction,
    'isObject': isObject,
    'isNumber': isNumber,
    'isElement': isElement,
    'isArray': isArray,
    'version': version,
    'isDate': isDate,
    'lowercase': lowercase,
    'uppercase': uppercase,
    'callbacks': {counter: 0},
    '$$minErr': minErr,
    '$$csp': csp
  });

  angularModule = setupModuleLoader(window);
  try {
    angularModule('ngLocale');
  } catch (e) {
    angularModule('ngLocale', []).provider('$locale', $LocaleProvider);
  }

  angularModule('ng', ['ngLocale'], ['$provide',
    function ngModule($provide) {
      // $$sanitizeUriProvider needs to be before $compileProvider as it is used by it.
      $provide.provider({
        $$sanitizeUri: $$SanitizeUriProvider
      });
      $provide.provider('$compile', $CompileProvider).
        directive({
            a: htmlAnchorDirective,
            input: inputDirective,
            textarea: inputDirective,
            form: formDirective,
            script: scriptDirective,
            select: selectDirective,
            style: styleDirective,
            option: optionDirective,
            ngBind: ngBindDirective,
            ngBindHtml: ngBindHtmlDirective,
            ngBindTemplate: ngBindTemplateDirective,
            ngClass: ngClassDirective,
            ngClassEven: ngClassEvenDirective,
            ngClassOdd: ngClassOddDirective,
            ngCloak: ngCloakDirective,
            ngController: ngControllerDirective,
            ngForm: ngFormDirective,
            ngHide: ngHideDirective,
            ngIf: ngIfDirective,
            ngInclude: ngIncludeDirective,
            ngInit: ngInitDirective,
            ngNonBindable: ngNonBindableDirective,
            ngPluralize: ngPluralizeDirective,
            ngRepeat: ngRepeatDirective,
            ngShow: ngShowDirective,
            ngStyle: ngStyleDirective,
            ngSwitch: ngSwitchDirective,
            ngSwitchWhen: ngSwitchWhenDirective,
            ngSwitchDefault: ngSwitchDefaultDirective,
            ngOptions: ngOptionsDirective,
            ngTransclude: ngTranscludeDirective,
            ngModel: ngModelDirective,
            ngList: ngListDirective,
            ngChange: ngChangeDirective,
            pattern: patternDirective,
            ngPattern: patternDirective,
            required: requiredDirective,
            ngRequired: requiredDirective,
            minlength: minlengthDirective,
            ngMinlength: minlengthDirective,
            maxlength: maxlengthDirective,
            ngMaxlength: maxlengthDirective,
            ngValue: ngValueDirective,
            ngModelOptions: ngModelOptionsDirective
        }).
        directive({
          ngInclude: ngIncludeFillContentDirective
        }).
        directive(ngAttributeAliasDirectives).
        directive(ngEventDirectives);
      $provide.provider({
        $anchorScroll: $AnchorScrollProvider,
        $animate: $AnimateProvider,
        $browser: $BrowserProvider,
        $cacheFactory: $CacheFactoryProvider,
        $controller: $ControllerProvider,
        $document: $DocumentProvider,
        $exceptionHandler: $ExceptionHandlerProvider,
        $filter: $FilterProvider,
        $interpolate: $InterpolateProvider,
        $interval: $IntervalProvider,
        $http: $HttpProvider,
        $httpBackend: $HttpBackendProvider,
        $location: $LocationProvider,
        $log: $LogProvider,
        $parse: $ParseProvider,
        $rootScope: $RootScopeProvider,
        $q: $QProvider,
        $$q: $$QProvider,
        $sce: $SceProvider,
        $sceDelegate: $SceDelegateProvider,
        $sniffer: $SnifferProvider,
        $templateCache: $TemplateCacheProvider,
        $timeout: $TimeoutProvider,
        $window: $WindowProvider,
        $$rAF: $$RAFProvider,
        $$asyncCallback : $$AsyncCallbackProvider
      });
    }
  ]);
}

/* global JQLitePrototype: true,
  addEventListenerFn: true,
  removeEventListenerFn: true,
  BOOLEAN_ATTR: true,
  ALIASED_ATTR: true,
*/

//////////////////////////////////
//JQLite
//////////////////////////////////

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name angular.element
 * @module ng
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Wraps a raw DOM element or HTML string as a [jQuery](http://jquery.com) element.
 *
 * If jQuery is available, `angular.element` is an alias for the
 * [jQuery](http://api.jquery.com/jQuery/) function. If jQuery is not available, `angular.element`
 * delegates to Angular's built-in subset of jQuery, called "jQuery lite" or "jqLite."
 *
 * <div class="alert alert-success">jqLite is a tiny, API-compatible subset of jQuery that allows
 * Angular to manipulate the DOM in a cross-browser compatible way. **jqLite** implements only the most
 * commonly needed functionality with the goal of having a very small footprint.</div>
 *
 * To use jQuery, simply load it before `DOMContentLoaded` event fired.
 *
 * <div class="alert">**Note:** all element references in Angular are always wrapped with jQuery or
 * jqLite; they are never raw DOM references.</div>
 *
 * ## Angular's jqLite
 * jqLite provides only the following jQuery methods:
 *
 * - [`addClass()`](http://api.jquery.com/addClass/)
 * - [`after()`](http://api.jquery.com/after/)
 * - [`append()`](http://api.jquery.com/append/)
 * - [`attr()`](http://api.jquery.com/attr/)
 * - [`bind()`](http://api.jquery.com/bind/) - Does not support namespaces, selectors or eventData
 * - [`children()`](http://api.jquery.com/children/) - Does not support selectors
 * - [`clone()`](http://api.jquery.com/clone/)
 * - [`contents()`](http://api.jquery.com/contents/)
 * - [`css()`](http://api.jquery.com/css/)
 * - [`data()`](http://api.jquery.com/data/)
 * - [`empty()`](http://api.jquery.com/empty/)
 * - [`eq()`](http://api.jquery.com/eq/)
 * - [`find()`](http://api.jquery.com/find/) - Limited to lookups by tag name
 * - [`hasClass()`](http://api.jquery.com/hasClass/)
 * - [`html()`](http://api.jquery.com/html/)
 * - [`next()`](http://api.jquery.com/next/) - Does not support selectors
 * - [`on()`](http://api.jquery.com/on/) - Does not support namespaces, selectors or eventData
 * - [`off()`](http://api.jquery.com/off/) - Does not support namespaces or selectors
 * - [`one()`](http://api.jquery.com/one/) - Does not support namespaces or selectors
 * - [`parent()`](http://api.jquery.com/parent/) - Does not support selectors
 * - [`prepend()`](http://api.jquery.com/prepend/)
 * - [`prop()`](http://api.jquery.com/prop/)
 * - [`ready()`](http://api.jquery.com/ready/)
 * - [`remove()`](http://api.jquery.com/remove/)
 * - [`removeAttr()`](http://api.jquery.com/removeAttr/)
 * - [`removeClass()`](http://api.jquery.com/removeClass/)
 * - [`removeData()`](http://api.jquery.com/removeData/)
 * - [`replaceWith()`](http://api.jquery.com/replaceWith/)
 * - [`text()`](http://api.jquery.com/text/)
 * - [`toggleClass()`](http://api.jquery.com/toggleClass/)
 * - [`triggerHandler()`](http://api.jquery.com/triggerHandler/) - Passes a dummy event object to handlers.
 * - [`unbind()`](http://api.jquery.com/unbind/) - Does not support namespaces
 * - [`val()`](http://api.jquery.com/val/)
 * - [`wrap()`](http://api.jquery.com/wrap/)
 *
 * ## jQuery/jqLite Extras
 * Angular also provides the following additional methods and events to both jQuery and jqLite:
 *
 * ### Events
 * - `$destroy` - AngularJS intercepts all jqLite/jQuery's DOM destruction apis and fires this event
 *    on all DOM nodes being removed.  This can be used to clean up any 3rd party bindings to the DOM
 *    element before it is removed.
 *
 * ### Methods
 * - `controller(name)` - retrieves the controller of the current element or its parent. By default
 *   retrieves controller associated with the `ngController` directive. If `name` is provided as
 *   camelCase directive name, then the controller for this directive will be retrieved (e.g.
 *   `'ngModel'`).
 * - `injector()` - retrieves the injector of the current element or its parent.
 * - `scope()` - retrieves the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope scope} of the current
 *   element or its parent.
 * - `isolateScope()` - retrieves an isolate {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope scope} if one is attached directly to the
 *   current element. This getter should be used only on elements that contain a directive which starts a new isolate
 *   scope. Calling `scope()` on this element always returns the original non-isolate scope.
 * - `inheritedData()` - same as `data()`, but walks up the DOM until a value is found or the top
 *   parent element is reached.
 *
 * @param {string|DOMElement} element HTML string or DOMElement to be wrapped into jQuery.
 * @returns {Object} jQuery object.
 */

JQLite.expando = 'ng339';

var jqCache = JQLite.cache = {},
    jqId = 1,
    addEventListenerFn = (window.document.addEventListener
      ? function(element, type, fn) {element.addEventListener(type, fn, false);}
      : function(element, type, fn) {element.attachEvent('on' + type, fn);}),
    removeEventListenerFn = (window.document.removeEventListener
      ? function(element, type, fn) {element.removeEventListener(type, fn, false); }
      : function(element, type, fn) {element.detachEvent('on' + type, fn); });

/*
 * !!! This is an undocumented "private" function !!!
 */
var jqData = JQLite._data = function(node) {
  //jQuery always returns an object on cache miss
  return this.cache[node[this.expando]] || {};
};

function jqNextId() { return ++jqId; }


var SPECIAL_CHARS_REGEXP = /([\:\-\_]+(.))/g;
var MOZ_HACK_REGEXP = /^moz([A-Z])/;
var jqLiteMinErr = minErr('jqLite');

/**
 * Converts snake_case to camelCase.
 * Also there is special case for Moz prefix starting with upper case letter.
 * @param name Name to normalize
 */
function camelCase(name) {
  return name.
    replace(SPECIAL_CHARS_REGEXP, function(_, separator, letter, offset) {
      return offset ? letter.toUpperCase() : letter;
    }).
    replace(MOZ_HACK_REGEXP, 'Moz$1');
}

var SINGLE_TAG_REGEXP = /^<(\w+)\s*\/?>(?:<\/\1>|)$/;
var HTML_REGEXP = /<|&#?\w+;/;
var TAG_NAME_REGEXP = /<([\w:]+)/;
var XHTML_TAG_REGEXP = /<(?!area|br|col|embed|hr|img|input|link|meta|param)(([\w:]+)[^>]*)\/>/gi;

var wrapMap = {
  'option': [1, '<select multiple="multiple">', '</select>'],

  'thead': [1, '<table>', '</table>'],
  'col': [2, '<table><colgroup>', '</colgroup></table>'],
  'tr': [2, '<table><tbody>', '</tbody></table>'],
  'td': [3, '<table><tbody><tr>', '</tr></tbody></table>'],
  '_default': [0, "", ""]
};

wrapMap.optgroup = wrapMap.option;
wrapMap.tbody = wrapMap.tfoot = wrapMap.colgroup = wrapMap.caption = wrapMap.thead;
wrapMap.th = wrapMap.td;

function jqLiteIsTextNode(html) {
  return !HTML_REGEXP.test(html);
}

function jqLiteAcceptsData(node) {
  // The window object can accept data but has no nodeType
  // Otherwise we are only interested in elements (1) and documents (9)
  return !node.nodeType || node.nodeType === 1 || node.nodeType === 9;
}

function jqLiteBuildFragment(html, context) {
  var elem, tmp, tag, wrap,
      fragment = context.createDocumentFragment(),
      nodes = [], i;

  if (jqLiteIsTextNode(html)) {
    // Convert non-html into a text node
    nodes.push(context.createTextNode(html));
  } else {
    // Convert html into DOM nodes
    tmp = tmp || fragment.appendChild(context.createElement("div"));
    tag = (TAG_NAME_REGEXP.exec(html) || ["", ""])[1].toLowerCase();
    wrap = wrapMap[tag] || wrapMap._default;
    tmp.innerHTML = wrap[1] + html.replace(XHTML_TAG_REGEXP, "<$1></$2>") + wrap[2];

    // Descend through wrappers to the right content
    i = wrap[0];
    while (i--) {
      tmp = tmp.lastChild;
    }

    nodes = concat(nodes, tmp.childNodes);

    tmp = fragment.firstChild;
    tmp.textContent = "";
  }

  // Remove wrapper from fragment
  fragment.textContent = "";
  fragment.innerHTML = ""; // Clear inner HTML
  forEach(nodes, function(node) {
    fragment.appendChild(node);
  });

  return fragment;
}

function jqLiteParseHTML(html, context) {
  context = context || document;
  var parsed;

  if ((parsed = SINGLE_TAG_REGEXP.exec(html))) {
    return [context.createElement(parsed[1])];
  }

  if ((parsed = jqLiteBuildFragment(html, context))) {
    return parsed.childNodes;
  }

  return [];
}

/////////////////////////////////////////////
function JQLite(element) {
  if (element instanceof JQLite) {
    return element;
  }
  if (isString(element)) {
    element = trim(element);
  }
  if (!(this instanceof JQLite)) {
    if (isString(element) && element.charAt(0) != '<') {
      throw jqLiteMinErr('nosel', 'Looking up elements via selectors is not supported by jqLite! See: http://docs.angularjs.org/api/angular.element');
    }
    return new JQLite(element);
  }

  if (isString(element)) {
    jqLiteAddNodes(this, jqLiteParseHTML(element));
  } else {
    jqLiteAddNodes(this, element);
  }
}

function jqLiteClone(element) {
  return element.cloneNode(true);
}

function jqLiteDealoc(element, onlyDescendants){
  if (!onlyDescendants) jqLiteRemoveData(element);

  if (element.childNodes && element.childNodes.length) {
    // we use querySelectorAll because documentFragments don't have getElementsByTagName
    var descendants = element.getElementsByTagName ? element.getElementsByTagName('*') :
                    element.querySelectorAll ? element.querySelectorAll('*') : [];
    for (var i = 0, l = descendants.length; i < l; i++) {
      jqLiteRemoveData(descendants[i]);
    }
  }
}

function jqLiteOff(element, type, fn, unsupported) {
  if (isDefined(unsupported)) throw jqLiteMinErr('offargs', 'jqLite#off() does not support the `selector` argument');

  var events = jqLiteExpandoStore(element, 'events'),
      handle = jqLiteExpandoStore(element, 'handle');

  if (!handle) return; //no listeners registered

  if (isUndefined(type)) {
    forEach(events, function(eventHandler, type) {
      removeEventListenerFn(element, type, eventHandler);
      delete events[type];
    });
  } else {
    forEach(type.split(' '), function(type) {
      if (isUndefined(fn)) {
        removeEventListenerFn(element, type, events[type]);
        delete events[type];
      } else {
        arrayRemove(events[type] || [], fn);
      }
    });
  }
}

function jqLiteRemoveData(element, name) {
  var expandoId = element.ng339,
      expandoStore = jqCache[expandoId];

  if (expandoStore) {
    if (name) {
      delete jqCache[expandoId].data[name];
      return;
    }

    if (expandoStore.handle) {
      expandoStore.events.$destroy && expandoStore.handle({}, '$destroy');
      jqLiteOff(element);
    }
    delete jqCache[expandoId];
    element.ng339 = undefined; // don't delete DOM expandos. IE and Chrome don't like it
  }
}

function jqLiteExpandoStore(element, key, value) {
  var expandoId = element.ng339,
      expandoStore = jqCache[expandoId || -1];

  if (isDefined(value)) {
    if (!expandoStore) {
      element.ng339 = expandoId = jqNextId();
      expandoStore = jqCache[expandoId] = {};
    }
    expandoStore[key] = value;
  } else {
    return expandoStore && expandoStore[key];
  }
}

function jqLiteData(element, key, value) {
  if (jqLiteAcceptsData(element)) {
    var data = jqLiteExpandoStore(element, 'data'),
        isSetter = isDefined(value),
        keyDefined = !isSetter && isDefined(key),
        isSimpleGetter = keyDefined && !isObject(key);

    if (!data && !isSimpleGetter) {
      jqLiteExpandoStore(element, 'data', data = {});
    }

    if (isSetter) {
      data[key] = value;
    } else {
      if (keyDefined) {
        if (isSimpleGetter) {
          // don't create data in this case.
          return data && data[key];
        } else {
          extend(data, key);
        }
      } else {
        return data;
      }
    }
  }
}

function jqLiteHasClass(element, selector) {
  if (!element.getAttribute) return false;
  return ((" " + (element.getAttribute('class') || '') + " ").replace(/[\n\t]/g, " ").
      indexOf( " " + selector + " " ) > -1);
}

function jqLiteRemoveClass(element, cssClasses) {
  if (cssClasses && element.setAttribute) {
    forEach(cssClasses.split(' '), function(cssClass) {
      element.setAttribute('class', trim(
          (" " + (element.getAttribute('class') || '') + " ")
          .replace(/[\n\t]/g, " ")
          .replace(" " + trim(cssClass) + " ", " "))
      );
    });
  }
}

function jqLiteAddClass(element, cssClasses) {
  if (cssClasses && element.setAttribute) {
    var existingClasses = (' ' + (element.getAttribute('class') || '') + ' ')
                            .replace(/[\n\t]/g, " ");

    forEach(cssClasses.split(' '), function(cssClass) {
      cssClass = trim(cssClass);
      if (existingClasses.indexOf(' ' + cssClass + ' ') === -1) {
        existingClasses += cssClass + ' ';
      }
    });

    element.setAttribute('class', trim(existingClasses));
  }
}


function jqLiteAddNodes(root, elements) {
  // THIS CODE IS VERY HOT. Don't make changes without benchmarking.

  if (elements) {

    // if a Node (the most common case)
    if (elements.nodeType) {
      root[root.length++] = elements;
    } else {
      var length = elements.length;

      // if an Array or NodeList and not a Window
      if (typeof length === 'number' && elements.window !== elements) {
        if (length) {
          if (elements.item) {
            // convert NodeList to an Array to make PhantomJS 1.x happy
            elements = slice.call(elements);
          }
          push.apply(root, elements);
        }
      } else {
        root[root.length++] = elements;
      }
    }
  }
}


function jqLiteController(element, name) {
  return jqLiteInheritedData(element, '$' + (name || 'ngController' ) + 'Controller');
}

function jqLiteInheritedData(element, name, value) {
  // if element is the document object work with the html element instead
  // this makes $(document).scope() possible
  if(element.nodeType == 9) {
    element = element.documentElement;
  }
  var names = isArray(name) ? name : [name];

  while (element) {
    for (var i = 0, ii = names.length; i < ii; i++) {
      if ((value = jqLite.data(element, names[i])) !== undefined) return value;
    }

    // If dealing with a document fragment node with a host element, and no parent, use the host
    // element as the parent. This enables directives within a Shadow DOM or polyfilled Shadow DOM
    // to lookup parent controllers.
    element = element.parentNode || (element.nodeType === 11 && element.host);
  }
}

function jqLiteEmpty(element) {
  jqLiteDealoc(element, true);
  while (element.firstChild) {
    element.removeChild(element.firstChild);
  }
}

//////////////////////////////////////////
// Functions which are declared directly.
//////////////////////////////////////////
var JQLitePrototype = JQLite.prototype = {
  ready: function(fn) {
    var fired = false;

    function trigger() {
      if (fired) return;
      fired = true;
      fn();
    }

    // check if document already is loaded
    if (document.readyState === 'complete'){
      setTimeout(trigger);
    } else {
      this.on('DOMContentLoaded', trigger); // works for modern browsers and IE9
      // we can not use jqLite since we are not done loading and jQuery could be loaded later.
      // jshint -W064
      JQLite(window).on('load', trigger); // fallback to window.onload for others
      // jshint +W064
    }
  },
  toString: function() {
    var value = [];
    forEach(this, function(e){ value.push('' + e);});
    return '[' + value.join(', ') + ']';
  },

  eq: function(index) {
      return (index >= 0) ? jqLite(this[index]) : jqLite(this[this.length + index]);
  },

  length: 0,
  push: push,
  sort: [].sort,
  splice: [].splice
};

//////////////////////////////////////////
// Functions iterating getter/setters.
// these functions return self on setter and
// value on get.
//////////////////////////////////////////
var BOOLEAN_ATTR = {};
forEach('multiple,selected,checked,disabled,readOnly,required,open'.split(','), function(value) {
  BOOLEAN_ATTR[lowercase(value)] = value;
});
var BOOLEAN_ELEMENTS = {};
forEach('input,select,option,textarea,button,form,details'.split(','), function(value) {
  BOOLEAN_ELEMENTS[value] = true;
});
var ALIASED_ATTR = {
  'ngMinlength' : 'minlength',
  'ngMaxlength' : 'maxlength',
  'ngPattern' : 'pattern'
};

function getBooleanAttrName(element, name) {
  // check dom last since we will most likely fail on name
  var booleanAttr = BOOLEAN_ATTR[name.toLowerCase()];

  // booleanAttr is here twice to minimize DOM access
  return booleanAttr && BOOLEAN_ELEMENTS[nodeName_(element)] && booleanAttr;
}

function getAliasedAttrName(element, name) {
  var nodeName = element.nodeName;
  return (nodeName === 'INPUT' || nodeName === 'TEXTAREA') && ALIASED_ATTR[name];
}

forEach({
  data: jqLiteData,
  removeData: jqLiteRemoveData
}, function(fn, name) {
  JQLite[name] = fn;
});

forEach({
  data: jqLiteData,
  inheritedData: jqLiteInheritedData,

  scope: function(element) {
    // Can't use jqLiteData here directly so we stay compatible with jQuery!
    return jqLite.data(element, '$scope') || jqLiteInheritedData(element.parentNode || element, ['$isolateScope', '$scope']);
  },

  isolateScope: function(element) {
    // Can't use jqLiteData here directly so we stay compatible with jQuery!
    return jqLite.data(element, '$isolateScope') || jqLite.data(element, '$isolateScopeNoTemplate');
  },

  controller: jqLiteController,

  injector: function(element) {
    return jqLiteInheritedData(element, '$injector');
  },

  removeAttr: function(element,name) {
    element.removeAttribute(name);
  },

  hasClass: jqLiteHasClass,

  css: function(element, name, value) {
    name = camelCase(name);

    if (isDefined(value)) {
      element.style[name] = value;
    } else {
      var val;

      if (msie <= 8) {
        // this is some IE specific weirdness that jQuery 1.6.4 does not sure why
        val = element.currentStyle && element.currentStyle[name];
        if (val === '') val = 'auto';
      }

      val = val || element.style[name];

      if (msie <= 8) {
        // jquery weirdness :-/
        val = (val === '') ? undefined : val;
      }

      return  val;
    }
  },

  attr: function(element, name, value){
    var lowercasedName = lowercase(name);
    if (BOOLEAN_ATTR[lowercasedName]) {
      if (isDefined(value)) {
        if (!!value) {
          element[name] = true;
          element.setAttribute(name, lowercasedName);
        } else {
          element[name] = false;
          element.removeAttribute(lowercasedName);
        }
      } else {
        return (element[name] ||
                 (element.attributes.getNamedItem(name)|| noop).specified)
               ? lowercasedName
               : undefined;
      }
    } else if (isDefined(value)) {
      element.setAttribute(name, value);
    } else if (element.getAttribute) {
      // the extra argument "2" is to get the right thing for a.href in IE, see jQuery code
      // some elements (e.g. Document) don't have get attribute, so return undefined
      var ret = element.getAttribute(name, 2);
      // normalize non-existing attributes to undefined (as jQuery)
      return ret === null ? undefined : ret;
    }
  },

  prop: function(element, name, value) {
    if (isDefined(value)) {
      element[name] = value;
    } else {
      return element[name];
    }
  },

  text: (function() {
    getText.$dv = '';
    return getText;

    function getText(element, value) {
      if (isUndefined(value)) {
        var nodeType = element.nodeType;
        return (nodeType === 1 || nodeType === 3) ? element.textContent : '';
      }
      element.textContent = value;
    }
  })(),

  val: function(element, value) {
    if (isUndefined(value)) {
      if (element.multiple && nodeName_(element) === 'select') {
        var result = [];
        forEach(element.options, function (option) {
          if (option.selected) {
            result.push(option.value || option.text);
          }
        });
        return result.length === 0 ? null : result;
      }
      return element.value;
    }
    element.value = value;
  },

  html: function(element, value) {
    if (isUndefined(value)) {
      return element.innerHTML;
    }
    jqLiteDealoc(element, true);
    element.innerHTML = value;
  },

  empty: jqLiteEmpty
}, function(fn, name){
  /**
   * Properties: writes return selection, reads return first value
   */
  JQLite.prototype[name] = function(arg1, arg2) {
    var i, key;
    var nodeCount = this.length;

    // jqLiteHasClass has only two arguments, but is a getter-only fn, so we need to special-case it
    // in a way that survives minification.
    // jqLiteEmpty takes no arguments but is a setter.
    if (fn !== jqLiteEmpty &&
        (((fn.length == 2 && (fn !== jqLiteHasClass && fn !== jqLiteController)) ? arg1 : arg2) === undefined)) {
      if (isObject(arg1)) {

        // we are a write, but the object properties are the key/values
        for (i = 0; i < nodeCount; i++) {
          if (fn === jqLiteData) {
            // data() takes the whole object in jQuery
            fn(this[i], arg1);
          } else {
            for (key in arg1) {
              fn(this[i], key, arg1[key]);
            }
          }
        }
        // return self for chaining
        return this;
      } else {
        // we are a read, so read the first child.
        // TODO: do we still need this?
        var value = fn.$dv;
        // Only if we have $dv do we iterate over all, otherwise it is just the first element.
        var jj = (value === undefined) ? Math.min(nodeCount, 1) : nodeCount;
        for (var j = 0; j < jj; j++) {
          var nodeValue = fn(this[j], arg1, arg2);
          value = value ? value + nodeValue : nodeValue;
        }
        return value;
      }
    } else {
      // we are a write, so apply to all children
      for (i = 0; i < nodeCount; i++) {
        fn(this[i], arg1, arg2);
      }
      // return self for chaining
      return this;
    }
  };
});

function createEventHandler(element, events) {
  var eventHandler = function (event, type) {
    if (!event.preventDefault) {
      event.preventDefault = function() {
        event.returnValue = false; //ie
      };
    }

    if (!event.stopPropagation) {
      event.stopPropagation = function() {
        event.cancelBubble = true; //ie
      };
    }

    if (!event.target) {
      event.target = event.srcElement || document;
    }

    if (isUndefined(event.defaultPrevented)) {
      var prevent = event.preventDefault;
      event.preventDefault = function() {
        event.defaultPrevented = true;
        prevent.call(event);
      };
      event.defaultPrevented = false;
    }

    event.isDefaultPrevented = function() {
      return event.defaultPrevented || event.returnValue === false;
    };

    // Copy event handlers in case event handlers array is modified during execution.
    var eventHandlersCopy = shallowCopy(events[type || event.type] || []);

    forEach(eventHandlersCopy, function(fn) {
      fn.call(element, event);
    });

    // Remove monkey-patched methods (IE),
    // as they would cause memory leaks in IE8.
    if (msie <= 8) {
      // IE7/8 does not allow to delete property on native object
      event.preventDefault = null;
      event.stopPropagation = null;
      event.isDefaultPrevented = null;
    } else {
      // It shouldn't affect normal browsers (native methods are defined on prototype).
      delete event.preventDefault;
      delete event.stopPropagation;
      delete event.isDefaultPrevented;
    }
  };
  eventHandler.elem = element;
  return eventHandler;
}

//////////////////////////////////////////
// Functions iterating traversal.
// These functions chain results into a single
// selector.
//////////////////////////////////////////
forEach({
  removeData: jqLiteRemoveData,

  on: function onFn(element, type, fn, unsupported){
    if (isDefined(unsupported)) throw jqLiteMinErr('onargs', 'jqLite#on() does not support the `selector` or `eventData` parameters');

    // Do not add event handlers to non-elements because they will not be cleaned up.
    if (!jqLiteAcceptsData(element)) {
      return;
    }

    var events = jqLiteExpandoStore(element, 'events'),
        handle = jqLiteExpandoStore(element, 'handle');

    if (!events) jqLiteExpandoStore(element, 'events', events = {});
    if (!handle) jqLiteExpandoStore(element, 'handle', handle = createEventHandler(element, events));

    forEach(type.split(' '), function(type){
      var eventFns = events[type];

      if (!eventFns) {
        if (type == 'mouseenter' || type == 'mouseleave') {
          var contains = document.body.contains || document.body.compareDocumentPosition ?
          function( a, b ) {
            // jshint bitwise: false
            var adown = a.nodeType === 9 ? a.documentElement : a,
            bup = b && b.parentNode;
            return a === bup || !!( bup && bup.nodeType === 1 && (
              adown.contains ?
              adown.contains( bup ) :
              a.compareDocumentPosition && a.compareDocumentPosition( bup ) & 16
              ));
            } :
            function( a, b ) {
              if ( b ) {
                while ( (b = b.parentNode) ) {
                  if ( b === a ) {
                    return true;
                  }
                }
              }
              return false;
            };

          events[type] = [];

          // Refer to jQuery's implementation of mouseenter & mouseleave
          // Read about mouseenter and mouseleave:
          // http://www.quirksmode.org/js/events_mouse.html#link8
          var eventmap = { mouseleave : "mouseout", mouseenter : "mouseover"};

          onFn(element, eventmap[type], function(event) {
            var target = this, related = event.relatedTarget;
            // For mousenter/leave call the handler if related is outside the target.
            // NB: No relatedTarget if the mouse left/entered the browser window
            if ( !related || (related !== target && !contains(target, related)) ){
              handle(event, type);
            }
          });

        } else {
          addEventListenerFn(element, type, handle);
          events[type] = [];
        }
        eventFns = events[type];
      }
      eventFns.push(fn);
    });
  },

  off: jqLiteOff,

  one: function(element, type, fn) {
    element = jqLite(element);

    //add the listener twice so that when it is called
    //you can remove the original function and still be
    //able to call element.off(ev, fn) normally
    element.on(type, function onFn() {
      element.off(type, fn);
      element.off(type, onFn);
    });
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      index = node;
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  },

  children: function(element) {
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    forEach(element.childNodes, function(element){
      if (element.nodeType === 1)
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  wrap: function(element, wrapNode) {
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  remove: function(element) {
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  addClass: jqLiteAddClass,
  removeClass: jqLiteRemoveClass,

  toggleClass: function(element, selector, condition) {
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      forEach(selector.split(' '), function(className){
        var classCondition = condition;
        if (isUndefined(classCondition)) {
          classCondition = !jqLiteHasClass(element, className);
        }
        (classCondition ? jqLiteAddClass : jqLiteRemoveClass)(element, className);
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  },

  parent: function(element) {
    var parent = element.parentNode;
    return parent && parent.nodeType !== 11 ? parent : null;
  },

  next: function(element) {
    if (element.nextElementSibling) {
      return element.nextElementSibling;
    }

    // IE8 doesn't have nextElementSibling
    var elm = element.nextSibling;
    while (elm != null && elm.nodeType !== 1) {
      elm = elm.nextSibling;
    }
    return elm;
  },

  find: function(element, selector) {
    if (element.getElementsByTagName) {
      return element.getElementsByTagName(selector);
    } else {
      return [];
    }
  },

  clone: jqLiteClone,

  triggerHandler: function(element, eventName, eventData) {
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    var eventFns = (jqLiteExpandoStore(element, 'events') || {})[eventName],
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      isDefaultPrevented: function() {
        return this.defaultPrevented === true;
      },
      stopPropagation: noop
    }];

    forEach(eventFnsCopy, function(fn) {
      fn.apply(element, event.concat(eventData));
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}, function(fn, name){
  /**
   * chaining functions
   */
  JQLite.prototype[name] = function(arg1, arg2, arg3) {
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  JQLite.prototype.bind = JQLite.prototype.on;
  JQLite.prototype.unbind = JQLite.prototype.off;
});

/**
 * Computes a hash of an 'obj'.
 * Hash of a:
 *  string is string
 *  number is number as string
 *  object is either result of calling $$hashKey function on the object or uniquely generated id,
 *         that is also assigned to the $$hashKey property of the object.
 *
 * @param obj
 * @returns {string} hash string such that the same input will have the same hash string.
 *         The resulting string key is in 'type:hashKey' format.
 */
function hashKey(obj, nextUidFn) {
  var objType = typeof obj,
      key;

  if (objType == 'function' || (objType == 'object' && obj !== null)) {
    if (typeof (key = obj.$$hashKey) == 'function') {
      // must invoke on object to keep the right this
      key = obj.$$hashKey();
    } else if (key === undefined) {
      key = obj.$$hashKey = (nextUidFn || nextUid)();
    }
  } else {
    key = obj;
  }

  return objType + ':' + key;
}

/**
 * HashMap which can use objects as keys
 */
function HashMap(array, isolatedUid) {
  if (isolatedUid) {
    var uid = 0;
    this.nextUid = function() {
      return ++uid;
    };
  }
  forEach(array, this.put, this);
}
HashMap.prototype = {
  /**
   * Store key value pair
   * @param key key to store can be any type
   * @param value value to store can be any type
   */
  put: function(key, value) {
    this[hashKey(key, this.nextUid)] = value;
  },

  /**
   * @param key
   * @returns {Object} the value for the key
   */
  get: function(key) {
    return this[hashKey(key, this.nextUid)];
  },

  /**
   * Remove the key/value pair
   * @param key
   */
  remove: function(key) {
    var value = this[key = hashKey(key, this.nextUid)];
    delete this[key];
    return value;
  }
};

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @module ng
 * @name angular.injector
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Creates an injector function that can be used for retrieving services as well as for
 * dependency injection (see {@link guide/di dependency injection}).
 *

 * @param {Array.<string|Function>} modules A list of module functions or their aliases. See
 *        {@link angular.module}. The `ng` module must be explicitly added.
 * @returns {function()} Injector function. See {@link auto.$injector $injector}.
 *
 * @example
 * Typical usage
 * ```js
 *   // create an injector
 *   var $injector = angular.injector(['ng']);
 *
 *   // use the injector to kick off your application
 *   // use the type inference to auto inject arguments, or use implicit injection
 *   $injector.invoke(function($rootScope, $compile, $document) {
 *     $compile($document)($rootScope);
 *     $rootScope.$digest();
 *   });
 * ```
 *
 * Sometimes you want to get access to the injector of a currently running Angular app
 * from outside Angular. Perhaps, you want to inject and compile some markup after the
 * application has been bootstrapped. You can do this using the extra `injector()` added
 * to JQuery/jqLite elements. See {@link angular.element}.
 *
 * *This is fairly rare but could be the case if a third party library is injecting the
 * markup.*
 *
 * In the following example a new block of HTML containing a `ng-controller`
 * directive is added to the end of the document body by JQuery. We then compile and link
 * it into the current AngularJS scope.
 *
 * ```js
 * var $div = $('<div ng-controller="MyCtrl">{{content.label}}</div>');
 * $(document.body).append($div);
 *
 * angular.element(document).injector().invoke(function($compile) {
 *   var scope = angular.element($div).scope();
 *   $compile($div)(scope);
 * });
 * ```
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc module
 * @name auto
 * @description
 *
 * Implicit module which gets automatically added to each {@link auto.$injector $injector}.
 */

var FN_ARGS = /^function\s*[^\(]*\(\s*([^\)]*)\)/m;
var FN_ARG_SPLIT = /,/;
var FN_ARG = /^\s*(_?)(\S+?)\1\s*$/;
var STRIP_COMMENTS = /((\/\/.*$)|(\/\*[\s\S]*?\*\/))/mg;
var $injectorMinErr = minErr('$injector');

function anonFn(fn) {
  // For anonymous functions, showing at the very least the function signature can help in
  // debugging.
  var fnText = fn.toString().replace(STRIP_COMMENTS, ''),
      args = fnText.match(FN_ARGS);
  if (args) {
    return 'function(' + (args[1] || '').replace(/[\s\r\n]+/, ' ') + ')';
  }
  return 'fn';
}

function annotate(fn, strictDi, name) {
  var $inject,
      fnText,
      argDecl,
      last;

  if (typeof fn === 'function') {
    if (!($inject = fn.$inject)) {
      $inject = [];
      if (fn.length) {
        if (strictDi) {
          if (!isString(name) || !name) {
            name = fn.name || anonFn(fn);
          }
          throw $injectorMinErr('strictdi',
            '{0} is not using explicit annotation and cannot be invoked in strict mode', name);
        }
        fnText = fn.toString().replace(STRIP_COMMENTS, '');
        argDecl = fnText.match(FN_ARGS);
        forEach(argDecl[1].split(FN_ARG_SPLIT), function(arg) {
          arg.replace(FN_ARG, function(all, underscore, name) {
            $inject.push(name);
          });
        });
      }
      fn.$inject = $inject;
    }
  } else if (isArray(fn)) {
    last = fn.length - 1;
    assertArgFn(fn[last], 'fn');
    $inject = fn.slice(0, last);
  } else {
    assertArgFn(fn, 'fn', true);
  }
  return $inject;
}

///////////////////////////////////////

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $injector
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 *
 * `$injector` is used to retrieve object instances as defined by
 * {@link auto.$provide provider}, instantiate types, invoke methods,
 * and load modules.
 *
 * The following always holds true:
 *
 * ```js
 *   var $injector = angular.injector();
 *   expect($injector.get('$injector')).toBe($injector);
 *   expect($injector.invoke(function($injector) {
 *     return $injector;
 *   }).toBe($injector);
 * ```
 *
 * # Injection Function Annotation
 *
 * JavaScript does not have annotations, and annotations are needed for dependency injection. The
 * following are all valid ways of annotating function with injection arguments and are equivalent.
 *
 * ```js
 *   // inferred (only works if code not minified/obfuscated)
 *   $injector.invoke(function(serviceA){});
 *
 *   // annotated
 *   function explicit(serviceA) {};
 *   explicit.$inject = ['serviceA'];
 *   $injector.invoke(explicit);
 *
 *   // inline
 *   $injector.invoke(['serviceA', function(serviceA){}]);
 * ```
 *
 * ## Inference
 *
 * In JavaScript calling `toString()` on a function returns the function definition. The definition
 * can then be parsed and the function arguments can be extracted. *NOTE:* This does not work with
 * minification, and obfuscation tools since these tools change the argument names.
 *
 * ## `$inject` Annotation
 * By adding an `$inject` property onto a function the injection parameters can be specified.
 *
 * ## Inline
 * As an array of injection names, where the last item in the array is the function to call.
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc method
 * @name $injector#get
 *
 * @description
 * Return an instance of the service.
 *
 * @param {string} name The name of the instance to retrieve.
 * @return {*} The instance.
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc method
 * @name $injector#invoke
 *
 * @description
 * Invoke the method and supply the method arguments from the `$injector`.
 *
 * @param {!Function} fn The function to invoke. Function parameters are injected according to the
 *   {@link guide/di $inject Annotation} rules.
 * @param {Object=} self The `this` for the invoked method.
 * @param {Object=} locals Optional object. If preset then any argument names are read from this
 *                         object first, before the `$injector` is consulted.
 * @returns {*} the value returned by the invoked `fn` function.
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc method
 * @name $injector#has
 *
 * @description
 * Allows the user to query if the particular service exists.
 *
 * @param {string} Name of the service to query.
 * @returns {boolean} returns true if injector has given service.
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc method
 * @name $injector#instantiate
 * @description
 * Create a new instance of JS type. The method takes a constructor function, invokes the new
 * operator, and supplies all of the arguments to the constructor function as specified by the
 * constructor annotation.
 *
 * @param {Function} Type Annotated constructor function.
 * @param {Object=} locals Optional object. If preset then any argument names are read from this
 * object first, before the `$injector` is consulted.
 * @returns {Object} new instance of `Type`.
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc method
 * @name $injector#annotate
 *
 * @description
 * Returns an array of service names which the function is requesting for injection. This API is
 * used by the injector to determine which services need to be injected into the function when the
 * function is invoked. There are three ways in which the function can be annotated with the needed
 * dependencies.
 *
 * # Argument names
 *
 * The simplest form is to extract the dependencies from the arguments of the function. This is done
 * by converting the function into a string using `toString()` method and extracting the argument
 * names.
 * ```js
 *   // Given
 *   function MyController($scope, $route) {
 *     // ...
 *   }
 *
 *   // Then
 *   expect(injector.annotate(MyController)).toEqual(['$scope', '$route']);
 * ```
 *
 * This method does not work with code minification / obfuscation. For this reason the following
 * annotation strategies are supported.
 *
 * # The `$inject` property
 *
 * If a function has an `$inject` property and its value is an array of strings, then the strings
 * represent names of services to be injected into the function.
 * ```js
 *   // Given
 *   var MyController = function(obfuscatedScope, obfuscatedRoute) {
 *     // ...
 *   }
 *   // Define function dependencies
 *   MyController['$inject'] = ['$scope', '$route'];
 *
 *   // Then
 *   expect(injector.annotate(MyController)).toEqual(['$scope', '$route']);
 * ```
 *
 * # The array notation
 *
 * It is often desirable to inline Injected functions and that's when setting the `$inject` property
 * is very inconvenient. In these situations using the array notation to specify the dependencies in
 * a way that survives minification is a better choice:
 *
 * ```js
 *   // We wish to write this (not minification / obfuscation safe)
 *   injector.invoke(function($compile, $rootScope) {
 *     // ...
 *   });
 *
 *   // We are forced to write break inlining
 *   var tmpFn = function(obfuscatedCompile, obfuscatedRootScope) {
 *     // ...
 *   };
 *   tmpFn.$inject = ['$compile', '$rootScope'];
 *   injector.invoke(tmpFn);
 *
 *   // To better support inline function the inline annotation is supported
 *   injector.invoke(['$compile', '$rootScope', function(obfCompile, obfRootScope) {
 *     // ...
 *   }]);
 *
 *   // Therefore
 *   expect(injector.annotate(
 *      ['$compile', '$rootScope', function(obfus_$compile, obfus_$rootScope) {}])
 *    ).toEqual(['$compile', '$rootScope']);
 * ```
 *
 * @param {Function|Array.<string|Function>} fn Function for which dependent service names need to
 * be retrieved as described above.
 *
 * @returns {Array.<string>} The names of the services which the function requires.
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $provide
 *
 * @description
 *
 * The {@link auto.$provide $provide} service has a number of methods for registering components
 * with the {@link auto.$injector $injector}. Many of these functions are also exposed on
 * {@link angular.Module}.
 *
 * An Angular **service** is a singleton object created by a **service factory**.  These **service
 * factories** are functions which, in turn, are created by a **service provider**.
 * The **service providers** are constructor functions. When instantiated they must contain a
 * property called `$get`, which holds the **service factory** function.
 *
 * When you request a service, the {@link auto.$injector $injector} is responsible for finding the
 * correct **service provider**, instantiating it and then calling its `$get` **service factory**
 * function to get the instance of the **service**.
 *
 * Often services have no configuration options and there is no need to add methods to the service
 * provider.  The provider will be no more than a constructor function with a `$get` property. For
 * these cases the {@link auto.$provide $provide} service has additional helper methods to register
 * services without specifying a provider.
 *
 * * {@link auto.$provide#provider provider(provider)} - registers a **service provider** with the
 *     {@link auto.$injector $injector}
 * * {@link auto.$provide#constant constant(obj)} - registers a value/object that can be accessed by
 *     providers and services.
 * * {@link auto.$provide#value value(obj)} - registers a value/object that can only be accessed by
 *     services, not providers.
 * * {@link auto.$provide#factory factory(fn)} - registers a service **factory function**, `fn`,
 *     that will be wrapped in a **service provider** object, whose `$get` property will contain the
 *     given factory function.
 * * {@link auto.$provide#service service(class)} - registers a **constructor function**, `class`
 *     that will be wrapped in a **service provider** object, whose `$get` property will instantiate
 *      a new object using the given constructor function.
 *
 * See the individual methods for more information and examples.
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc method
 * @name $provide#provider
 * @description
 *
 * Register a **provider function** with the {@link auto.$injector $injector}. Provider functions
 * are constructor functions, whose instances are responsible for "providing" a factory for a
 * service.
 *
 * Service provider names start with the name of the service they provide followed by `Provider`.
 * For example, the {@link ng.$log $log} service has a provider called
 * {@link ng.$logProvider $logProvider}.
 *
 * Service provider objects can have additional methods which allow configuration of the provider
 * and its service. Importantly, you can configure what kind of service is created by the `$get`
 * method, or how that service will act. For example, the {@link ng.$logProvider $logProvider} has a
 * method {@link ng.$logProvider#debugEnabled debugEnabled}
 * which lets you specify whether the {@link ng.$log $log} service will log debug messages to the
 * console or not.
 *
 * @param {string} name The name of the instance. NOTE: the provider will be available under `name +
                        'Provider'` key.
 * @param {(Object|function())} provider If the provider is:
 *
 *   - `Object`: then it should have a `$get` method. The `$get` method will be invoked using
 *     {@link auto.$injector#invoke $injector.invoke()} when an instance needs to be created.
 *   - `Constructor`: a new instance of the provider will be created using
 *     {@link auto.$injector#instantiate $injector.instantiate()}, then treated as `object`.
 *
 * @returns {Object} registered provider instance

 * @example
 *
 * The following example shows how to create a simple event tracking service and register it using
 * {@link auto.$provide#provider $provide.provider()}.
 *
 * ```js
 *  // Define the eventTracker provider
 *  function EventTrackerProvider() {
 *    var trackingUrl = '/track';
 *
 *    // A provider method for configuring where the tracked events should been saved
 *    this.setTrackingUrl = function(url) {
 *      trackingUrl = url;
 *    };
 *
 *    // The service factory function
 *    this.$get = ['$http', function($http) {
 *      var trackedEvents = {};
 *      return {
 *        // Call this to track an event
 *        event: function(event) {
 *          var count = trackedEvents[event] || 0;
 *          count += 1;
 *          trackedEvents[event] = count;
 *          return count;
 *        },
 *        // Call this to save the tracked events to the trackingUrl
 *        save: function() {
 *          $http.post(trackingUrl, trackedEvents);
 *        }
 *      };
 *    }];
 *  }
 *
 *  describe('eventTracker', function() {
 *    var postSpy;
 *
 *    beforeEach(module(function($provide) {
 *      // Register the eventTracker provider
 *      $provide.provider('eventTracker', EventTrackerProvider);
 *    }));
 *
 *    beforeEach(module(function(eventTrackerProvider) {
 *      // Configure eventTracker provider
 *      eventTrackerProvider.setTrackingUrl('/custom-track');
 *    }));
 *
 *    it('tracks events', inject(function(eventTracker) {
 *      expect(eventTracker.event('login')).toEqual(1);
 *      expect(eventTracker.event('login')).toEqual(2);
 *    }));
 *
 *    it('saves to the tracking url', inject(function(eventTracker, $http) {
 *      postSpy = spyOn($http, 'post');
 *      eventTracker.event('login');
 *      eventTracker.save();
 *      expect(postSpy).toHaveBeenCalled();
 *      expect(postSpy.mostRecentCall.args[0]).not.toEqual('/track');
 *      expect(postSpy.mostRecentCall.args[0]).toEqual('/custom-track');
 *      expect(postSpy.mostRecentCall.args[1]).toEqual({ 'login': 1 });
 *    }));
 *  });
 * ```
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc method
 * @name $provide#factory
 * @description
 *
 * Register a **service factory**, which will be called to return the service instance.
 * This is short for registering a service where its provider consists of only a `$get` property,
 * which is the given service factory function.
 * You should use {@link auto.$provide#factory $provide.factory(getFn)} if you do not need to
 * configure your service in a provider.
 *
 * @param {string} name The name of the instance.
 * @param {function()} $getFn The $getFn for the instance creation. Internally this is a short hand
 *                            for `$provide.provider(name, {$get: $getFn})`.
 * @returns {Object} registered provider instance
 *
 * @example
 * Here is an example of registering a service
 * ```js
 *   $provide.factory('ping', ['$http', function($http) {
 *     return function ping() {
 *       return $http.send('/ping');
 *     };
 *   }]);
 * ```
 * You would then inject and use this service like this:
 * ```js
 *   someModule.controller('Ctrl', ['ping', function(ping) {
 *     ping();
 *   }]);
 * ```
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc method
 * @name $provide#service
 * @description
 *
 * Register a **service constructor**, which will be invoked with `new` to create the service
 * instance.
 * This is short for registering a service where its provider's `$get` property is the service
 * constructor function that will be used to instantiate the service instance.
 *
 * You should use {@link auto.$provide#service $provide.service(class)} if you define your service
 * as a type/class.
 *
 * @param {string} name The name of the instance.
 * @param {Function} constructor A class (constructor function) that will be instantiated.
 * @returns {Object} registered provider instance
 *
 * @example
 * Here is an example of registering a service using
 * {@link auto.$provide#service $provide.service(class)}.
 * ```js
 *   var Ping = function($http) {
 *     this.$http = $http;
 *   };
 *
 *   Ping.$inject = ['$http'];
 *
 *   Ping.prototype.send = function() {
 *     return this.$http.get('/ping');
 *   };
 *   $provide.service('ping', Ping);
 * ```
 * You would then inject and use this service like this:
 * ```js
 *   someModule.controller('Ctrl', ['ping', function(ping) {
 *     ping.send();
 *   }]);
 * ```
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc method
 * @name $provide#value
 * @description
 *
 * Register a **value service** with the {@link auto.$injector $injector}, such as a string, a
 * number, an array, an object or a function.  This is short for registering a service where its
 * provider's `$get` property is a factory function that takes no arguments and returns the **value
 * service**.
 *
 * Value services are similar to constant services, except that they cannot be injected into a
 * module configuration function (see {@link angular.Module#config}) but they can be overridden by
 * an Angular
 * {@link auto.$provide#decorator decorator}.
 *
 * @param {string} name The name of the instance.
 * @param {*} value The value.
 * @returns {Object} registered provider instance
 *
 * @example
 * Here are some examples of creating value services.
 * ```js
 *   $provide.value('ADMIN_USER', 'admin');
 *
 *   $provide.value('RoleLookup', { admin: 0, writer: 1, reader: 2 });
 *
 *   $provide.value('halfOf', function(value) {
 *     return value / 2;
 *   });
 * ```
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc method
 * @name $provide#constant
 * @description
 *
 * Register a **constant service**, such as a string, a number, an array, an object or a function,
 * with the {@link auto.$injector $injector}. Unlike {@link auto.$provide#value value} it can be
 * injected into a module configuration function (see {@link angular.Module#config}) and it cannot
 * be overridden by an Angular {@link auto.$provide#decorator decorator}.
 *
 * @param {string} name The name of the constant.
 * @param {*} value The constant value.
 * @returns {Object} registered instance
 *
 * @example
 * Here a some examples of creating constants:
 * ```js
 *   $provide.constant('SHARD_HEIGHT', 306);
 *
 *   $provide.constant('MY_COLOURS', ['red', 'blue', 'grey']);
 *
 *   $provide.constant('double', function(value) {
 *     return value * 2;
 *   });
 * ```
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc method
 * @name $provide#decorator
 * @description
 *
 * Register a **service decorator** with the {@link auto.$injector $injector}. A service decorator
 * intercepts the creation of a service, allowing it to override or modify the behaviour of the
 * service. The object returned by the decorator may be the original service, or a new service
 * object which replaces or wraps and delegates to the original service.
 *
 * @param {string} name The name of the service to decorate.
 * @param {function()} decorator This function will be invoked when the service needs to be
 *    instantiated and should return the decorated service instance. The function is called using
 *    the {@link auto.$injector#invoke injector.invoke} method and is therefore fully injectable.
 *    Local injection arguments:
 *
 *    * `$delegate` - The original service instance, which can be monkey patched, configured,
 *      decorated or delegated to.
 *
 * @example
 * Here we decorate the {@link ng.$log $log} service to convert warnings to errors by intercepting
 * calls to {@link ng.$log#error $log.warn()}.
 * ```js
 *   $provide.decorator('$log', ['$delegate', function($delegate) {
 *     $delegate.warn = $delegate.error;
 *     return $delegate;
 *   }]);
 * ```
 */


function createInjector(modulesToLoad, strictDi) {
  strictDi = (strictDi === true);
  var INSTANTIATING = {},
      providerSuffix = 'Provider',
      path = [],
      loadedModules = new HashMap([], true),
      providerCache = {
        $provide: {
            provider: supportObject(provider),
            factory: supportObject(factory),
            service: supportObject(service),
            value: supportObject(value),
            constant: supportObject(constant),
            decorator: decorator
          }
      },
      providerInjector = (providerCache.$injector =
          createInternalInjector(providerCache, function() {
            throw $injectorMinErr('unpr', "Unknown provider: {0}", path.join(' <- '));
          }, strictDi)),
      instanceCache = {},
      instanceInjector = (instanceCache.$injector =
          createInternalInjector(instanceCache, function(servicename) {
            var provider = providerInjector.get(servicename + providerSuffix);
            return instanceInjector.invoke(provider.$get, provider, undefined, servicename);
          }, strictDi));


  forEach(loadModules(modulesToLoad), function(fn) { instanceInjector.invoke(fn || noop); });

  return instanceInjector;

  ////////////////////////////////////
  // $provider
  ////////////////////////////////////

  function supportObject(delegate) {
    return function(key, value) {
      if (isObject(key)) {
        forEach(key, reverseParams(delegate));
      } else {
        return delegate(key, value);
      }
    };
  }

  function provider(name, provider_) {
    assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, 'service');
    if (isFunction(provider_) || isArray(provider_)) {
      provider_ = providerInjector.instantiate(provider_);
    }
    if (!provider_.$get) {
      throw $injectorMinErr('pget', "Provider '{0}' must define $get factory method.", name);
    }
    return providerCache[name + providerSuffix] = provider_;
  }

  function factory(name, factoryFn) { return provider(name, { $get: factoryFn }); }

  function service(name, constructor) {
    return factory(name, ['$injector', function($injector) {
      return $injector.instantiate(constructor);
    }]);
  }

  function value(name, val) { return factory(name, valueFn(val)); }

  function constant(name, value) {
    assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, 'constant');
    providerCache[name] = value;
    instanceCache[name] = value;
  }

  function decorator(serviceName, decorFn) {
    var origProvider = providerInjector.get(serviceName + providerSuffix),
        orig$get = origProvider.$get;

    origProvider.$get = function() {
      var origInstance = instanceInjector.invoke(orig$get, origProvider);
      return instanceInjector.invoke(decorFn, null, {$delegate: origInstance});
    };
  }

  ////////////////////////////////////
  // Module Loading
  ////////////////////////////////////
  function loadModules(modulesToLoad){
    var runBlocks = [], moduleFn, invokeQueue;
    forEach(modulesToLoad, function(module) {
      if (loadedModules.get(module)) return;
      loadedModules.put(module, true);

      function runInvokeQueue(queue) {
        var i, ii;
        for(i = 0, ii = queue.length; i < ii; i++) {
          var invokeArgs = queue[i],
              provider = providerInjector.get(invokeArgs[0]);

          provider[invokeArgs[1]].apply(provider, invokeArgs[2]);
        }
      }

      try {
        if (isString(module)) {
          moduleFn = angularModule(module);
          runBlocks = runBlocks.concat(loadModules(moduleFn.requires)).concat(moduleFn._runBlocks);
          runInvokeQueue(moduleFn._invokeQueue);
          runInvokeQueue(moduleFn._configBlocks);
        } else if (isFunction(module)) {
            runBlocks.push(providerInjector.invoke(module));
        } else if (isArray(module)) {
            runBlocks.push(providerInjector.invoke(module));
        } else {
          assertArgFn(module, 'module');
        }
      } catch (e) {
        if (isArray(module)) {
          module = module[module.length - 1];
        }
        if (e.message && e.stack && e.stack.indexOf(e.message) == -1) {
          // Safari & FF's stack traces don't contain error.message content
          // unlike those of Chrome and IE
          // So if stack doesn't contain message, we create a new string that contains both.
          // Since error.stack is read-only in Safari, I'm overriding e and not e.stack here.
          /* jshint -W022 */
          e = e.message + '\n' + e.stack;
        }
        throw $injectorMinErr('modulerr', "Failed to instantiate module {0} due to:\n{1}",
                  module, e.stack || e.message || e);
      }
    });
    return runBlocks;
  }

  ////////////////////////////////////
  // internal Injector
  ////////////////////////////////////

  function createInternalInjector(cache, factory) {

    function getService(serviceName) {
      if (cache.hasOwnProperty(serviceName)) {
        if (cache[serviceName] === INSTANTIATING) {
          throw $injectorMinErr('cdep', 'Circular dependency found: {0}',
                    serviceName + ' <- ' + path.join(' <- '));
        }
        return cache[serviceName];
      } else {
        try {
          path.unshift(serviceName);
          cache[serviceName] = INSTANTIATING;
          return cache[serviceName] = factory(serviceName);
        } catch (err) {
          if (cache[serviceName] === INSTANTIATING) {
            delete cache[serviceName];
          }
          throw err;
        } finally {
          path.shift();
        }
      }
    }

    function invoke(fn, self, locals, serviceName) {
      if (typeof locals === 'string') {
        serviceName = locals;
        locals = null;
      }

      var args = [],
          $inject = annotate(fn, strictDi, serviceName),
          length, i,
          key;

      for(i = 0, length = $inject.length; i < length; i++) {
        key = $inject[i];
        if (typeof key !== 'string') {
          throw $injectorMinErr('itkn',
                  'Incorrect injection token! Expected service name as string, got {0}', key);
        }
        args.push(
          locals && locals.hasOwnProperty(key)
          ? locals[key]
          : getService(key)
        );
      }
      if (isArray(fn)) {
        fn = fn[length];
      }

      // http://jsperf.com/angularjs-invoke-apply-vs-switch
      // #5388
      return fn.apply(self, args);
    }

    function instantiate(Type, locals, serviceName) {
      var Constructor = function() {},
          instance, returnedValue;

      // Check if Type is annotated and use just the given function at n-1 as parameter
      // e.g. someModule.factory('greeter', ['$window', function(renamed$window) {}]);
      Constructor.prototype = (isArray(Type) ? Type[Type.length - 1] : Type).prototype;
      instance = new Constructor();
      returnedValue = invoke(Type, instance, locals, serviceName);

      return isObject(returnedValue) || isFunction(returnedValue) ? returnedValue : instance;
    }

    return {
      invoke: invoke,
      instantiate: instantiate,
      get: getService,
      annotate: annotate,
      has: function(name) {
        return providerCache.hasOwnProperty(name + providerSuffix) || cache.hasOwnProperty(name);
      }
    };
  }
}

createInjector.$$annotate = annotate;

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $anchorScroll
 * @kind function
 * @requires $window
 * @requires $location
 * @requires $rootScope
 *
 * @description
 * When called, it checks current value of `$location.hash()` and scrolls to the related element,
 * according to rules specified in
 * [Html5 spec](http://dev.w3.org/html5/spec/Overview.html#the-indicated-part-of-the-document).
 *
 * It also watches the `$location.hash()` and scrolls whenever it changes to match any anchor.
 * This can be disabled by calling `$anchorScrollProvider.disableAutoScrolling()`.
 *
 * @example
   <example module="anchorScrollExample">
     <file name="index.html">
       <div id="scrollArea" ng-controller="ScrollController">
         <a ng-click="gotoBottom()">Go to bottom</a>
         <a id="bottom"></a> You're at the bottom!
       </div>
     </file>
     <file name="script.js">
       angular.module('anchorScrollExample', [])
         .controller('ScrollController', ['$scope', '$location', '$anchorScroll',
           function ($scope, $location, $anchorScroll) {
             $scope.gotoBottom = function() {
               // set the location.hash to the id of
               // the element you wish to scroll to.
               $location.hash('bottom');

               // call $anchorScroll()
               $anchorScroll();
             };
           }]);
     </file>
     <file name="style.css">
       #scrollArea {
         height: 350px;
         overflow: auto;
       }

       #bottom {
         display: block;
         margin-top: 2000px;
       }
     </file>
   </example>
 */
function $AnchorScrollProvider() {

  var autoScrollingEnabled = true;

  this.disableAutoScrolling = function() {
    autoScrollingEnabled = false;
  };

  this.$get = ['$window', '$location', '$rootScope', function($window, $location, $rootScope) {
    var document = $window.document;

    // helper function to get first anchor from a NodeList
    // can't use filter.filter, as it accepts only instances of Array
    // and IE can't convert NodeList to an array using [].slice
    // TODO(vojta): use filter if we change it to accept lists as well
    function getFirstAnchor(list) {
      var result = null;
      forEach(list, function(element) {
        if (!result && nodeName_(element) === 'a') result = element;
      });
      return result;
    }

    function scroll() {
      var hash = $location.hash(), elm;

      // empty hash, scroll to the top of the page
      if (!hash) $window.scrollTo(0, 0);

      // element with given id
      else if ((elm = document.getElementById(hash))) elm.scrollIntoView();

      // first anchor with given name :-D
      else if ((elm = getFirstAnchor(document.getElementsByName(hash)))) elm.scrollIntoView();

      // no element and hash == 'top', scroll to the top of the page
      else if (hash === 'top') $window.scrollTo(0, 0);
    }

    // does not scroll when user clicks on anchor link that is currently on
    // (no url change, no $location.hash() change), browser native does scroll
    if (autoScrollingEnabled) {
      $rootScope.$watch(function autoScrollWatch() {return $location.hash();},
        function autoScrollWatchAction() {
          $rootScope.$evalAsync(scroll);
        });
    }

    return scroll;
  }];
}

var $animateMinErr = minErr('$animate');

/**
 * @ngdoc provider
 * @name $animateProvider
 *
 * @description
 * Default implementation of $animate that doesn't perform any animations, instead just
 * synchronously performs DOM
 * updates and calls done() callbacks.
 *
 * In order to enable animations the ngAnimate module has to be loaded.
 *
 * To see the functional implementation check out src/ngAnimate/animate.js
 */
var $AnimateProvider = ['$provide', function($provide) {


  this.$$selectors = {};


  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $animateProvider#register
   *
   * @description
   * Registers a new injectable animation factory function. The factory function produces the
   * animation object which contains callback functions for each event that is expected to be
   * animated.
   *
   *   * `eventFn`: `function(Element, doneFunction)` The element to animate, the `doneFunction`
   *   must be called once the element animation is complete. If a function is returned then the
   *   animation service will use this function to cancel the animation whenever a cancel event is
   *   triggered.
   *
   *
   * ```js
   *   return {
     *     eventFn : function(element, done) {
     *       //code to run the animation
     *       //once complete, then run done()
     *       return function cancellationFunction() {
     *         //code to cancel the animation
     *       }
     *     }
     *   }
   * ```
   *
   * @param {string} name The name of the animation.
   * @param {Function} factory The factory function that will be executed to return the animation
   *                           object.
   */
  this.register = function(name, factory) {
    var key = name + '-animation';
    if (name && name.charAt(0) != '.') throw $animateMinErr('notcsel',
        "Expecting class selector starting with '.' got '{0}'.", name);
    this.$$selectors[name.substr(1)] = key;
    $provide.factory(key, factory);
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $animateProvider#classNameFilter
   *
   * @description
   * Sets and/or returns the CSS class regular expression that is checked when performing
   * an animation. Upon bootstrap the classNameFilter value is not set at all and will
   * therefore enable $animate to attempt to perform an animation on any element.
   * When setting the classNameFilter value, animations will only be performed on elements
   * that successfully match the filter expression. This in turn can boost performance
   * for low-powered devices as well as applications containing a lot of structural operations.
   * @param {RegExp=} expression The className expression which will be checked against all animations
   * @return {RegExp} The current CSS className expression value. If null then there is no expression value
   */
  this.classNameFilter = function(expression) {
    if(arguments.length === 1) {
      this.$$classNameFilter = (expression instanceof RegExp) ? expression : null;
    }
    return this.$$classNameFilter;
  };

  this.$get = ['$timeout', '$$asyncCallback', function($timeout, $$asyncCallback) {

    function async(fn) {
      fn && $$asyncCallback(fn);
    }

    /**
     *
     * @ngdoc service
     * @name $animate
     * @description The $animate service provides rudimentary DOM manipulation functions to
     * insert, remove and move elements within the DOM, as well as adding and removing classes.
     * This service is the core service used by the ngAnimate $animator service which provides
     * high-level animation hooks for CSS and JavaScript.
     *
     * $animate is available in the AngularJS core, however, the ngAnimate module must be included
     * to enable full out animation support. Otherwise, $animate will only perform simple DOM
     * manipulation operations.
     *
     * To learn more about enabling animation support, click here to visit the {@link ngAnimate
     * ngAnimate module page} as well as the {@link ngAnimate.$animate ngAnimate $animate service
     * page}.
     */
    return {

      /**
       *
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $animate#enter
       * @kind function
       * @description Inserts the element into the DOM either after the `after` element or
       * as the first child within the `parent` element. Once complete, the done() callback
       * will be fired (if provided).
       * @param {DOMElement} element the element which will be inserted into the DOM
       * @param {DOMElement} parent the parent element which will append the element as
       *   a child (if the after element is not present)
       * @param {DOMElement} after the sibling element which will append the element
       *   after itself
       * @param {Function=} done callback function that will be called after the element has been
       *   inserted into the DOM
       */
      enter : function(element, parent, after, done) {
        after
            ? after.after(element)
            : parent.prepend(element);
        async(done);
        return noop;
      },

      /**
       *
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $animate#leave
       * @kind function
       * @description Removes the element from the DOM. Once complete, the done() callback will be
       *   fired (if provided).
       * @param {DOMElement} element the element which will be removed from the DOM
       * @param {Function=} done callback function that will be called after the element has been
       *   removed from the DOM
       */
      leave : function(element, done) {
        element.remove();
        async(done);
        return noop;
      },

      /**
       *
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $animate#move
       * @kind function
       * @description Moves the position of the provided element within the DOM to be placed
       * either after the `after` element or inside of the `parent` element. Once complete, the
       * done() callback will be fired (if provided).
       *
       * @param {DOMElement} element the element which will be moved around within the
       *   DOM
       * @param {DOMElement} parent the parent element where the element will be
       *   inserted into (if the after element is not present)
       * @param {DOMElement} after the sibling element where the element will be
       *   positioned next to
       * @param {Function=} done the callback function (if provided) that will be fired after the
       *   element has been moved to its new position
       */
      move : function(element, parent, after, done) {
        // Do not remove element before insert. Removing will cause data associated with the
        // element to be dropped. Insert will implicitly do the remove.
        return this.enter(element, parent, after, done);
      },

      /**
       *
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $animate#addClass
       * @kind function
       * @description Adds the provided className CSS class value to the provided element. Once
       * complete, the done() callback will be fired (if provided).
       * @param {DOMElement} element the element which will have the className value
       *   added to it
       * @param {string} className the CSS class which will be added to the element
       * @param {Function=} done the callback function (if provided) that will be fired after the
       *   className value has been added to the element
       */
      addClass : function(element, className, done) {
        className = !isString(className)
                        ? (isArray(className) ? className.join(' ') : '')
                        : className;
        forEach(element, function (element) {
          jqLiteAddClass(element, className);
        });
        async(done);
        return noop;
      },

      /**
       *
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $animate#removeClass
       * @kind function
       * @description Removes the provided className CSS class value from the provided element.
       * Once complete, the done() callback will be fired (if provided).
       * @param {DOMElement} element the element which will have the className value
       *   removed from it
       * @param {string} className the CSS class which will be removed from the element
       * @param {Function=} done the callback function (if provided) that will be fired after the
       *   className value has been removed from the element
       */
      removeClass : function(element, className, done) {
        className = isString(className) ?
                      className :
                      isArray(className) ? className.join(' ') : '';
        forEach(element, function (element) {
          jqLiteRemoveClass(element, className);
        });
        async(done);
        return noop;
      },

      /**
       *
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $animate#setClass
       * @kind function
       * @description Adds and/or removes the given CSS classes to and from the element.
       * Once complete, the done() callback will be fired (if provided).
       * @param {DOMElement} element the element which will have its CSS classes changed
       *   removed from it
       * @param {string} add the CSS classes which will be added to the element
       * @param {string} remove the CSS class which will be removed from the element
       * @param {Function=} done the callback function (if provided) that will be fired after the
       *   CSS classes have been set on the element
       */
      setClass : function(element, add, remove, done) {
        forEach(element, function (element) {
          jqLiteAddClass(element, add);
          jqLiteRemoveClass(element, remove);
        });
        async(done);
        return noop;
      },

      enabled : noop
    };
  }];
}];

function $$AsyncCallbackProvider(){
  this.$get = ['$$rAF', '$timeout', function($$rAF, $timeout) {
    return $$rAF.supported
      ? function(fn) { return $$rAF(fn); }
      : function(fn) {
        return $timeout(fn, 0, false);
      };
  }];
}

/**
 * ! This is a private undocumented service !
 *
 * @name $browser
 * @requires $log
 * @description
 * This object has two goals:
 *
 * - hide all the global state in the browser caused by the window object
 * - abstract away all the browser specific features and inconsistencies
 *
 * For tests we provide {@link ngMock.$browser mock implementation} of the `$browser`
 * service, which can be used for convenient testing of the application without the interaction with
 * the real browser apis.
 */
/**
 * @param {object} window The global window object.
 * @param {object} document jQuery wrapped document.
 * @param {function()} XHR XMLHttpRequest constructor.
 * @param {object} $log console.log or an object with the same interface.
 * @param {object} $sniffer $sniffer service
 */
function Browser(window, document, $log, $sniffer) {
  var self = this,
      rawDocument = document[0],
      location = window.location,
      history = window.history,
      setTimeout = window.setTimeout,
      clearTimeout = window.clearTimeout,
      pendingDeferIds = {};

  self.isMock = false;

  var outstandingRequestCount = 0;
  var outstandingRequestCallbacks = [];

  // TODO(vojta): remove this temporary api
  self.$$completeOutstandingRequest = completeOutstandingRequest;
  self.$$incOutstandingRequestCount = function() { outstandingRequestCount++; };

  /**
   * Executes the `fn` function(supports currying) and decrements the `outstandingRequestCallbacks`
   * counter. If the counter reaches 0, all the `outstandingRequestCallbacks` are executed.
   */
  function completeOutstandingRequest(fn) {
    try {
      fn.apply(null, sliceArgs(arguments, 1));
    } finally {
      outstandingRequestCount--;
      if (outstandingRequestCount === 0) {
        while(outstandingRequestCallbacks.length) {
          try {
            outstandingRequestCallbacks.pop()();
          } catch (e) {
            $log.error(e);
          }
        }
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * @private
   * Note: this method is used only by scenario runner
   * TODO(vojta): prefix this method with $$ ?
   * @param {function()} callback Function that will be called when no outstanding request
   */
  self.notifyWhenNoOutstandingRequests = function(callback) {
    // force browser to execute all pollFns - this is needed so that cookies and other pollers fire
    // at some deterministic time in respect to the test runner's actions. Leaving things up to the
    // regular poller would result in flaky tests.
    forEach(pollFns, function(pollFn){ pollFn(); });

    if (outstandingRequestCount === 0) {
      callback();
    } else {
      outstandingRequestCallbacks.push(callback);
    }
  };

  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // Poll Watcher API
  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  var pollFns = [],
      pollTimeout;

  /**
   * @name $browser#addPollFn
   *
   * @param {function()} fn Poll function to add
   *
   * @description
   * Adds a function to the list of functions that poller periodically executes,
   * and starts polling if not started yet.
   *
   * @returns {function()} the added function
   */
  self.addPollFn = function(fn) {
    if (isUndefined(pollTimeout)) startPoller(100, setTimeout);
    pollFns.push(fn);
    return fn;
  };

  /**
   * @param {number} interval How often should browser call poll functions (ms)
   * @param {function()} setTimeout Reference to a real or fake `setTimeout` function.
   *
   * @description
   * Configures the poller to run in the specified intervals, using the specified
   * setTimeout fn and kicks it off.
   */
  function startPoller(interval, setTimeout) {
    (function check() {
      forEach(pollFns, function(pollFn){ pollFn(); });
      pollTimeout = setTimeout(check, interval);
    })();
  }

  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // URL API
  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

  var lastBrowserUrl = location.href,
      baseElement = document.find('base'),
      newLocation = null;

  /**
   * @name $browser#url
   *
   * @description
   * GETTER:
   * Without any argument, this method just returns current value of location.href.
   *
   * SETTER:
   * With at least one argument, this method sets url to new value.
   * If html5 history api supported, pushState/replaceState is used, otherwise
   * location.href/location.replace is used.
   * Returns its own instance to allow chaining
   *
   * NOTE: this api is intended for use only by the $location service. Please use the
   * {@link ng.$location $location service} to change url.
   *
   * @param {string} url New url (when used as setter)
   * @param {boolean=} replace Should new url replace current history record ?
   */
  self.url = function(url, replace) {
    // Android Browser BFCache causes location, history reference to become stale.
    if (location !== window.location) location = window.location;
    if (history !== window.history) history = window.history;

    // setter
    if (url) {
      if (lastBrowserUrl == url) return;
      lastBrowserUrl = url;
      if ($sniffer.history) {
        if (replace) history.replaceState(null, '', url);
        else {
          history.pushState(null, '', url);
          // Crazy Opera Bug: http://my.opera.com/community/forums/topic.dml?id=1185462
          baseElement.attr('href', baseElement.attr('href'));
        }
      } else {
        newLocation = url;
        if (replace) {
          location.replace(url);
        } else {
          location.href = url;
        }
      }
      return self;
    // getter
    } else {
      // - newLocation is a workaround for an IE7-9 issue with location.replace and location.href
      //   methods not updating location.href synchronously.
      // - the replacement is a workaround for https://bugzilla.mozilla.org/show_bug.cgi?id=407172
      return newLocation || location.href.replace(/%27/g,"'");
    }
  };

  var urlChangeListeners = [],
      urlChangeInit = false;

  function fireUrlChange() {
    newLocation = null;
    if (lastBrowserUrl == self.url()) return;

    lastBrowserUrl = self.url();
    forEach(urlChangeListeners, function(listener) {
      listener(self.url());
    });
  }

  /**
   * @name $browser#onUrlChange
   *
   * @description
   * Register callback function that will be called, when url changes.
   *
   * It's only called when the url is changed from outside of angular:
   * - user types different url into address bar
   * - user clicks on history (forward/back) button
   * - user clicks on a link
   *
   * It's not called when url is changed by $browser.url() method
   *
   * The listener gets called with new url as parameter.
   *
   * NOTE: this api is intended for use only by the $location service. Please use the
   * {@link ng.$location $location service} to monitor url changes in angular apps.
   *
   * @param {function(string)} listener Listener function to be called when url changes.
   * @return {function(string)} Returns the registered listener fn - handy if the fn is anonymous.
   */
  self.onUrlChange = function(callback) {
    // TODO(vojta): refactor to use node's syntax for events
    if (!urlChangeInit) {
      // We listen on both (hashchange/popstate) when available, as some browsers (e.g. Opera)
      // don't fire popstate when user change the address bar and don't fire hashchange when url
      // changed by push/replaceState

      // html5 history api - popstate event
      if ($sniffer.history) jqLite(window).on('popstate', fireUrlChange);
      // hashchange event
      if ($sniffer.hashchange) jqLite(window).on('hashchange', fireUrlChange);
      // polling
      else self.addPollFn(fireUrlChange);

      urlChangeInit = true;
    }

    urlChangeListeners.push(callback);
    return callback;
  };

  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // Misc API
  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////

  /**
   * @name $browser#baseHref
   *
   * @description
   * Returns current <base href>
   * (always relative - without domain)
   *
   * @returns {string} The current base href
   */
  self.baseHref = function() {
    var href = baseElement.attr('href');
    return href ? href.replace(/^(https?\:)?\/\/[^\/]*/, '') : '';
  };

  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  // Cookies API
  //////////////////////////////////////////////////////////////
  var lastCookies = {};
  var lastCookieString = '';
  var cookiePath = self.baseHref();

  /**
   * @name $browser#cookies
   *
   * @param {string=} name Cookie name
   * @param {string=} value Cookie value
   *
   * @description
   * The cookies method provides a 'private' low level access to browser cookies.
   * It is not meant to be used directly, use the $cookie service instead.
   *
   * The return values vary depending on the arguments that the method was called with as follows:
   *
   * - cookies() -> hash of all cookies, this is NOT a copy of the internal state, so do not modify
   *   it
   * - cookies(name, value) -> set name to value, if value is undefined delete the cookie
   * - cookies(name) -> the same as (name, undefined) == DELETES (no one calls it right now that
   *   way)
   *
   * @returns {Object} Hash of all cookies (if called without any parameter)
   */
  self.cookies = function(name, value) {
    var cookieLength, cookieArray, cookie, i, index;

    if (name) {
      if (value === undefined) {
        rawDocument.cookie = encodeURIComponent(name) + "=;path=" + cookiePath +
                                ";expires=Thu, 01 Jan 1970 00:00:00 GMT";
      } else {
        if (isString(value)) {
          cookieLength = (rawDocument.cookie = encodeURIComponent(name) + '=' + encodeURIComponent(value) +
                                ';path=' + cookiePath).length + 1;

          // per http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc2109.txt browser must allow at minimum:
          // - 300 cookies
          // - 20 cookies per unique domain
          // - 4096 bytes per cookie
          if (cookieLength > 4096) {
            $log.warn("Cookie '"+ name +
              "' possibly not set or overflowed because it was too large ("+
              cookieLength + " > 4096 bytes)!");
          }
        }
      }
    } else {
      if (rawDocument.cookie !== lastCookieString) {
        lastCookieString = rawDocument.cookie;
        cookieArray = lastCookieString.split("; ");
        lastCookies = {};

        for (i = 0; i < cookieArray.length; i++) {
          cookie = cookieArray[i];
          index = cookie.indexOf('=');
          if (index > 0) { //ignore nameless cookies
            name = decodeURIComponent(cookie.substring(0, index));
            // the first value that is seen for a cookie is the most
            // specific one.  values for the same cookie name that
            // follow are for less specific paths.
            if (lastCookies[name] === undefined) {
              lastCookies[name] = decodeURIComponent(cookie.substring(index + 1));
            }
          }
        }
      }
      return lastCookies;
    }
  };


  /**
   * @name $browser#defer
   * @param {function()} fn A function, who's execution should be deferred.
   * @param {number=} [delay=0] of milliseconds to defer the function execution.
   * @returns {*} DeferId that can be used to cancel the task via `$browser.defer.cancel()`.
   *
   * @description
   * Executes a fn asynchronously via `setTimeout(fn, delay)`.
   *
   * Unlike when calling `setTimeout` directly, in test this function is mocked and instead of using
   * `setTimeout` in tests, the fns are queued in an array, which can be programmatically flushed
   * via `$browser.defer.flush()`.
   *
   */
  self.defer = function(fn, delay) {
    var timeoutId;
    outstandingRequestCount++;
    timeoutId = setTimeout(function() {
      delete pendingDeferIds[timeoutId];
      completeOutstandingRequest(fn);
    }, delay || 0);
    pendingDeferIds[timeoutId] = true;
    return timeoutId;
  };


  /**
   * @name $browser#defer.cancel
   *
   * @description
   * Cancels a deferred task identified with `deferId`.
   *
   * @param {*} deferId Token returned by the `$browser.defer` function.
   * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the task hasn't executed yet and was successfully
   *                    canceled.
   */
  self.defer.cancel = function(deferId) {
    if (pendingDeferIds[deferId]) {
      delete pendingDeferIds[deferId];
      clearTimeout(deferId);
      completeOutstandingRequest(noop);
      return true;
    }
    return false;
  };

}

function $BrowserProvider(){
  this.$get = ['$window', '$log', '$sniffer', '$document',
      function( $window,   $log,   $sniffer,   $document){
        return new Browser($window, $document, $log, $sniffer);
      }];
}

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $cacheFactory
 *
 * @description
 * Factory that constructs {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache} objects and gives access to
 * them.
 *
 * ```js
 *
 *  var cache = $cacheFactory('cacheId');
 *  expect($cacheFactory.get('cacheId')).toBe(cache);
 *  expect($cacheFactory.get('noSuchCacheId')).not.toBeDefined();
 *
 *  cache.put("key", "value");
 *  cache.put("another key", "another value");
 *
 *  // We've specified no options on creation
 *  expect(cache.info()).toEqual({id: 'cacheId', size: 2});
 *
 * ```
 *
 *
 * @param {string} cacheId Name or id of the newly created cache.
 * @param {object=} options Options object that specifies the cache behavior. Properties:
 *
 *   - `{number=}` `capacity` — turns the cache into LRU cache.
 *
 * @returns {object} Newly created cache object with the following set of methods:
 *
 * - `{object}` `info()` — Returns id, size, and options of cache.
 * - `{{*}}` `put({string} key, {*} value)` — Puts a new key-value pair into the cache and returns
 *   it.
 * - `{{*}}` `get({string} key)` — Returns cached value for `key` or undefined for cache miss.
 * - `{void}` `remove({string} key)` — Removes a key-value pair from the cache.
 * - `{void}` `removeAll()` — Removes all cached values.
 * - `{void}` `destroy()` — Removes references to this cache from $cacheFactory.
 *
 * @example
   <example module="cacheExampleApp">
     <file name="index.html">
       <div ng-controller="CacheController">
         <input ng-model="newCacheKey" placeholder="Key">
         <input ng-model="newCacheValue" placeholder="Value">
         <button ng-click="put(newCacheKey, newCacheValue)">Cache</button>

         <p ng-if="keys.length">Cached Values</p>
         <div ng-repeat="key in keys">
           <span ng-bind="key"></span>
           <span>: </span>
           <b ng-bind="cache.get(key)"></b>
         </div>

         <p>Cache Info</p>
         <div ng-repeat="(key, value) in cache.info()">
           <span ng-bind="key"></span>
           <span>: </span>
           <b ng-bind="value"></b>
         </div>
       </div>
     </file>
     <file name="script.js">
       angular.module('cacheExampleApp', []).
         controller('CacheController', ['$scope', '$cacheFactory', function($scope, $cacheFactory) {
           $scope.keys = [];
           $scope.cache = $cacheFactory('cacheId');
           $scope.put = function(key, value) {
             $scope.cache.put(key, value);
             $scope.keys.push(key);
           };
         }]);
     </file>
     <file name="style.css">
       p {
         margin: 10px 0 3px;
       }
     </file>
   </example>
 */
function $CacheFactoryProvider() {

  this.$get = function() {
    var caches = {};

    function cacheFactory(cacheId, options) {
      if (cacheId in caches) {
        throw minErr('$cacheFactory')('iid', "CacheId '{0}' is already taken!", cacheId);
      }

      var size = 0,
          stats = extend({}, options, {id: cacheId}),
          data = {},
          capacity = (options && options.capacity) || Number.MAX_VALUE,
          lruHash = {},
          freshEnd = null,
          staleEnd = null;

      /**
       * @ngdoc type
       * @name $cacheFactory.Cache
       *
       * @description
       * A cache object used to store and retrieve data, primarily used by
       * {@link $http $http} and the {@link ng.directive:script script} directive to cache
       * templates and other data.
       *
       * ```js
       *  angular.module('superCache')
       *    .factory('superCache', ['$cacheFactory', function($cacheFactory) {
       *      return $cacheFactory('super-cache');
       *    }]);
       * ```
       *
       * Example test:
       *
       * ```js
       *  it('should behave like a cache', inject(function(superCache) {
       *    superCache.put('key', 'value');
       *    superCache.put('another key', 'another value');
       *
       *    expect(superCache.info()).toEqual({
       *      id: 'super-cache',
       *      size: 2
       *    });
       *
       *    superCache.remove('another key');
       *    expect(superCache.get('another key')).toBeUndefined();
       *
       *    superCache.removeAll();
       *    expect(superCache.info()).toEqual({
       *      id: 'super-cache',
       *      size: 0
       *    });
       *  }));
       * ```
       */
      return caches[cacheId] = {

        /**
         * @ngdoc method
         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#put
         * @kind function
         *
         * @description
         * Inserts a named entry into the {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache} object to be
         * retrieved later, and incrementing the size of the cache if the key was not already
         * present in the cache. If behaving like an LRU cache, it will also remove stale
         * entries from the set.
         *
         * It will not insert undefined values into the cache.
         *
         * @param {string} key the key under which the cached data is stored.
         * @param {*} value the value to store alongside the key. If it is undefined, the key
         *    will not be stored.
         * @returns {*} the value stored.
         */
        put: function(key, value) {
          if (capacity < Number.MAX_VALUE) {
            var lruEntry = lruHash[key] || (lruHash[key] = {key: key});

            refresh(lruEntry);
          }

          if (isUndefined(value)) return;
          if (!(key in data)) size++;
          data[key] = value;

          if (size > capacity) {
            this.remove(staleEnd.key);
          }

          return value;
        },

        /**
         * @ngdoc method
         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#get
         * @kind function
         *
         * @description
         * Retrieves named data stored in the {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache} object.
         *
         * @param {string} key the key of the data to be retrieved
         * @returns {*} the value stored.
         */
        get: function(key) {
          if (capacity < Number.MAX_VALUE) {
            var lruEntry = lruHash[key];

            if (!lruEntry) return;

            refresh(lruEntry);
          }

          return data[key];
        },


        /**
         * @ngdoc method
         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#remove
         * @kind function
         *
         * @description
         * Removes an entry from the {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache} object.
         *
         * @param {string} key the key of the entry to be removed
         */
        remove: function(key) {
          if (capacity < Number.MAX_VALUE) {
            var lruEntry = lruHash[key];

            if (!lruEntry) return;

            if (lruEntry == freshEnd) freshEnd = lruEntry.p;
            if (lruEntry == staleEnd) staleEnd = lruEntry.n;
            link(lruEntry.n,lruEntry.p);

            delete lruHash[key];
          }

          delete data[key];
          size--;
        },


        /**
         * @ngdoc method
         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#removeAll
         * @kind function
         *
         * @description
         * Clears the cache object of any entries.
         */
        removeAll: function() {
          data = {};
          size = 0;
          lruHash = {};
          freshEnd = staleEnd = null;
        },


        /**
         * @ngdoc method
         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#destroy
         * @kind function
         *
         * @description
         * Destroys the {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache} object entirely,
         * removing it from the {@link $cacheFactory $cacheFactory} set.
         */
        destroy: function() {
          data = null;
          stats = null;
          lruHash = null;
          delete caches[cacheId];
        },


        /**
         * @ngdoc method
         * @name $cacheFactory.Cache#info
         * @kind function
         *
         * @description
         * Retrieve information regarding a particular {@link $cacheFactory.Cache Cache}.
         *
         * @returns {object} an object with the following properties:
         *   <ul>
         *     <li>**id**: the id of the cache instance</li>
         *     <li>**size**: the number of entries kept in the cache instance</li>
         *     <li>**...**: any additional properties from the options object when creating the
         *       cache.</li>
         *   </ul>
         */
        info: function() {
          return extend({}, stats, {size: size});
        }
      };


      /**
       * makes the `entry` the freshEnd of the LRU linked list
       */
      function refresh(entry) {
        if (entry != freshEnd) {
          if (!staleEnd) {
            staleEnd = entry;
          } else if (staleEnd == entry) {
            staleEnd = entry.n;
          }

          link(entry.n, entry.p);
          link(entry, freshEnd);
          freshEnd = entry;
          freshEnd.n = null;
        }
      }


      /**
       * bidirectionally links two entries of the LRU linked list
       */
      function link(nextEntry, prevEntry) {
        if (nextEntry != prevEntry) {
          if (nextEntry) nextEntry.p = prevEntry; //p stands for previous, 'prev' didn't minify
          if (prevEntry) prevEntry.n = nextEntry; //n stands for next, 'next' didn't minify
        }
      }
    }


  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $cacheFactory#info
   *
   * @description
   * Get information about all the caches that have been created
   *
   * @returns {Object} - key-value map of `cacheId` to the result of calling `cache#info`
   */
    cacheFactory.info = function() {
      var info = {};
      forEach(caches, function(cache, cacheId) {
        info[cacheId] = cache.info();
      });
      return info;
    };


  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $cacheFactory#get
   *
   * @description
   * Get access to a cache object by the `cacheId` used when it was created.
   *
   * @param {string} cacheId Name or id of a cache to access.
   * @returns {object} Cache object identified by the cacheId or undefined if no such cache.
   */
    cacheFactory.get = function(cacheId) {
      return caches[cacheId];
    };


    return cacheFactory;
  };
}

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $templateCache
 *
 * @description
 * The first time a template is used, it is loaded in the template cache for quick retrieval. You
 * can load templates directly into the cache in a `script` tag, or by consuming the
 * `$templateCache` service directly.
 *
 * Adding via the `script` tag:
 *
 * ```html
 *   <script type="text/ng-template" id="templateId.html">
 *     <p>This is the content of the template</p>
 *   </script>
 * ```
 *
 * **Note:** the `script` tag containing the template does not need to be included in the `head` of
 * the document, but it must be below the `ng-app` definition.
 *
 * Adding via the $templateCache service:
 *
 * ```js
 * var myApp = angular.module('myApp', []);
 * myApp.run(function($templateCache) {
 *   $templateCache.put('templateId.html', 'This is the content of the template');
 * });
 * ```
 *
 * To retrieve the template later, simply use it in your HTML:
 * ```html
 * <div ng-include=" 'templateId.html' "></div>
 * ```
 *
 * or get it via Javascript:
 * ```js
 * $templateCache.get('templateId.html')
 * ```
 *
 * See {@link ng.$cacheFactory $cacheFactory}.
 *
 */
function $TemplateCacheProvider() {
  this.$get = ['$cacheFactory', function($cacheFactory) {
    return $cacheFactory('templates');
  }];
}

/* ! VARIABLE/FUNCTION NAMING CONVENTIONS THAT APPLY TO THIS FILE!
 *
 * DOM-related variables:
 *
 * - "node" - DOM Node
 * - "element" - DOM Element or Node
 * - "$node" or "$element" - jqLite-wrapped node or element
 *
 *
 * Compiler related stuff:
 *
 * - "linkFn" - linking fn of a single directive
 * - "nodeLinkFn" - function that aggregates all linking fns for a particular node
 * - "childLinkFn" -  function that aggregates all linking fns for child nodes of a particular node
 * - "compositeLinkFn" - function that aggregates all linking fns for a compilation root (nodeList)
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $compile
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Compiles an HTML string or DOM into a template and produces a template function, which
 * can then be used to link {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope `scope`} and the template together.
 *
 * The compilation is a process of walking the DOM tree and matching DOM elements to
 * {@link ng.$compileProvider#directive directives}.
 *
 * <div class="alert alert-warning">
 * **Note:** This document is an in-depth reference of all directive options.
 * For a gentle introduction to directives with examples of common use cases,
 * see the {@link guide/directive directive guide}.
 * </div>
 *
 * ## Comprehensive Directive API
 *
 * There are many different options for a directive.
 *
 * The difference resides in the return value of the factory function.
 * You can either return a "Directive Definition Object" (see below) that defines the directive properties,
 * or just the `postLink` function (all other properties will have the default values).
 *
 * <div class="alert alert-success">
 * **Best Practice:** It's recommended to use the "directive definition object" form.
 * </div>
 *
 * Here's an example directive declared with a Directive Definition Object:
 *
 * ```js
 *   var myModule = angular.module(...);
 *
 *   myModule.directive('directiveName', function factory(injectables) {
 *     var directiveDefinitionObject = {
 *       priority: 0,
 *       template: '<div></div>', // or // function(tElement, tAttrs) { ... },
 *       // or
 *       // templateUrl: 'directive.html', // or // function(tElement, tAttrs) { ... },
 *       transclude: false,
 *       restrict: 'A',
 *       scope: false,
 *       controller: function($scope, $element, $attrs, $transclude, otherInjectables) { ... },
 *       controllerAs: 'stringAlias',
 *       require: 'siblingDirectiveName', // or // ['^parentDirectiveName', '?optionalDirectiveName', '?^optionalParent'],
 *       compile: function compile(tElement, tAttrs, transclude) {
 *         return {
 *           pre: function preLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller) { ... },
 *           post: function postLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller) { ... }
 *         }
 *         // or
 *         // return function postLink( ... ) { ... }
 *       },
 *       // or
 *       // link: {
 *       //  pre: function preLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller) { ... },
 *       //  post: function postLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller) { ... }
 *       // }
 *       // or
 *       // link: function postLink( ... ) { ... }
 *     };
 *     return directiveDefinitionObject;
 *   });
 * ```
 *
 * <div class="alert alert-warning">
 * **Note:** Any unspecified options will use the default value. You can see the default values below.
 * </div>
 *
 * Therefore the above can be simplified as:
 *
 * ```js
 *   var myModule = angular.module(...);
 *
 *   myModule.directive('directiveName', function factory(injectables) {
 *     var directiveDefinitionObject = {
 *       link: function postLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs) { ... }
 *     };
 *     return directiveDefinitionObject;
 *     // or
 *     // return function postLink(scope, iElement, iAttrs) { ... }
 *   });
 * ```
 *
 *
 *
 * ### Directive Definition Object
 *
 * The directive definition object provides instructions to the {@link ng.$compile
 * compiler}. The attributes are:
 *
 * ### `multiElement`
 * When this property is set to true, the HTML compiler will collect DOM nodes between
 * nodes with the attributes `directive-name-start` and `directive-name-end`, and group them
 * together as the directive elements. It is recomended that this feature be used on directives
 * which are not strictly behavioural (such as {@link api/ng.directive:ngClick ngClick}), and which
 * do not manipulate or replace child nodes (such as {@link api/ng.directive:ngInclude ngInclude}).
 *
 * #### `priority`
 * When there are multiple directives defined on a single DOM element, sometimes it
 * is necessary to specify the order in which the directives are applied. The `priority` is used
 * to sort the directives before their `compile` functions get called. Priority is defined as a
 * number. Directives with greater numerical `priority` are compiled first. Pre-link functions
 * are also run in priority order, but post-link functions are run in reverse order. The order
 * of directives with the same priority is undefined. The default priority is `0`.
 *
 * #### `terminal`
 * If set to true then the current `priority` will be the last set of directives
 * which will execute (any directives at the current priority will still execute
 * as the order of execution on same `priority` is undefined).
 *
 * #### `scope`
 * **If set to `true`,** then a new scope will be created for this directive. If multiple directives on the
 * same element request a new scope, only one new scope is created. The new scope rule does not
 * apply for the root of the template since the root of the template always gets a new scope.
 *
 * **If set to `{}` (object hash),** then a new "isolate" scope is created. The 'isolate' scope differs from
 * normal scope in that it does not prototypically inherit from the parent scope. This is useful
 * when creating reusable components, which should not accidentally read or modify data in the
 * parent scope.
 *
 * The 'isolate' scope takes an object hash which defines a set of local scope properties
 * derived from the parent scope. These local properties are useful for aliasing values for
 * templates. Locals definition is a hash of local scope property to its source:
 *
 * * `@` or `@attr` - bind a local scope property to the value of DOM attribute. The result is
 *   always a string since DOM attributes are strings. If no `attr` name is specified  then the
 *   attribute name is assumed to be the same as the local name.
 *   Given `<widget my-attr="hello {{name}}">` and widget definition
 *   of `scope: { localName:'@myAttr' }`, then widget scope property `localName` will reflect
 *   the interpolated value of `hello {{name}}`. As the `name` attribute changes so will the
 *   `localName` property on the widget scope. The `name` is read from the parent scope (not
 *   component scope).
 *
 * * `=` or `=attr` - set up bi-directional binding between a local scope property and the
 *   parent scope property of name defined via the value of the `attr` attribute. If no `attr`
 *   name is specified then the attribute name is assumed to be the same as the local name.
 *   Given `<widget my-attr="parentModel">` and widget definition of
 *   `scope: { localModel:'=myAttr' }`, then widget scope property `localModel` will reflect the
 *   value of `parentModel` on the parent scope. Any changes to `parentModel` will be reflected
 *   in `localModel` and any changes in `localModel` will reflect in `parentModel`. If the parent
 *   scope property doesn't exist, it will throw a NON_ASSIGNABLE_MODEL_EXPRESSION exception. You
 *   can avoid this behavior using `=?` or `=?attr` in order to flag the property as optional.
 *
 * * `&` or `&attr` - provides a way to execute an expression in the context of the parent scope.
 *   If no `attr` name is specified then the attribute name is assumed to be the same as the
 *   local name. Given `<widget my-attr="count = count + value">` and widget definition of
 *   `scope: { localFn:'&myAttr' }`, then isolate scope property `localFn` will point to
 *   a function wrapper for the `count = count + value` expression. Often it's desirable to
 *   pass data from the isolated scope via an expression to the parent scope, this can be
 *   done by passing a map of local variable names and values into the expression wrapper fn.
 *   For example, if the expression is `increment(amount)` then we can specify the amount value
 *   by calling the `localFn` as `localFn({amount: 22})`.
 *
 *
 *
 * #### `controller`
 * Controller constructor function. The controller is instantiated before the
 * pre-linking phase and it is shared with other directives (see
 * `require` attribute). This allows the directives to communicate with each other and augment
 * each other's behavior. The controller is injectable (and supports bracket notation) with the following locals:
 *
 * * `$scope` - Current scope associated with the element
 * * `$element` - Current element
 * * `$attrs` - Current attributes object for the element
 * * `$transclude` - A transclude linking function pre-bound to the correct transclusion scope.
 *    The scope can be overridden by an optional first argument.
 *   `function([scope], cloneLinkingFn)`.
 *
 *
 * #### `require`
 * Require another directive and inject its controller as the fourth argument to the linking function. The
 * `require` takes a string name (or array of strings) of the directive(s) to pass in. If an array is used, the
 * injected argument will be an array in corresponding order. If no such directive can be
 * found, or if the directive does not have a controller, then an error is raised. The name can be prefixed with:
 *
 * * (no prefix) - Locate the required controller on the current element. Throw an error if not found.
 * * `?` - Attempt to locate the required controller or pass `null` to the `link` fn if not found.
 * * `^` - Locate the required controller by searching the element's parents. Throw an error if not found.
 * * `?^` - Attempt to locate the required controller by searching the element's parents or pass `null` to the
 *   `link` fn if not found.
 *
 *
 * #### `controllerAs`
 * Controller alias at the directive scope. An alias for the controller so it
 * can be referenced at the directive template. The directive needs to define a scope for this
 * configuration to be used. Useful in the case when directive is used as component.
 *
 *
 * #### `restrict`
 * String of subset of `EACM` which restricts the directive to a specific directive
 * declaration style. If omitted, the default (attributes only) is used.
 *
 * * `E` - Element name (default): `<my-directive></my-directive>`
 * * `A` - Attribute (default): `<div my-directive="exp"></div>`
 * * `C` - Class: `<div class="my-directive: exp;"></div>`
 * * `M` - Comment: `<!-- directive: my-directive exp -->`
 *
 *
 * #### `type`
 * String representing the document type used by the markup. This is useful for templates where the root
 * node is non-HTML content (such as SVG or MathML). The default value is "html".
 *
 * * `html` - All root template nodes are HTML, and don't need to be wrapped. Root nodes may also be
 *   top-level elements such as `<svg>` or `<math>`.
 * * `svg` - The template contains only SVG content, and must be wrapped in an `<svg>` node prior to
 *   processing.
 * * `math` - The template contains only MathML content, and must be wrapped in an `<math>` node prior to
 *   processing.
 *
 * If no `type` is specified, then the type is considered to be html.
 *
 * #### `template`
 * HTML markup that may:
 * * Replace the contents of the directive's element (defualt).
 * * Replace the directive's element itself (if `replace` is true - DEPRECATED).
 * * Wrap the contents of the directive's element (if `transclude` is true).
 *
 * Value may be:
 *
 * * A string. For example `<div red-on-hover>{{delete_str}}</div>`.
 * * A function which takes two arguments `tElement` and `tAttrs` (described in the `compile`
 *   function api below) and returns a string value.
 *
 *
 * #### `templateUrl`
 * Same as `template` but the template is loaded from the specified URL. Because
 * the template loading is asynchronous the compilation/linking is suspended until the template
 * is loaded.
 *
 * You can specify `templateUrl` as a string representing the URL or as a function which takes two
 * arguments `tElement` and `tAttrs` (described in the `compile` function api below) and returns
 * a string value representing the url.  In either case, the template URL is passed through {@link
 * api/ng.$sce#getTrustedResourceUrl $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl}.
 *
 *
 * #### `replace` ([*DEPRECATED*!], will be removed in next major release)
 * specify what the template should replace. Defaults to `false`.
 *
 * * `true` - the template will replace the directive's element.
 * * `false` - the template will replace the contents of the directive's element.
 *
 * The replacement process migrates all of the attributes / classes from the old element to the new
 * one. See the {@link guide/directive#creating-custom-directives_creating-directives_template-expanding-directive
 * Directives Guide} for an example.
 *
 * #### `transclude`
 * compile the content of the element and make it available to the directive.
 * Typically used with {@link ng.directive:ngTransclude
 * ngTransclude}. The advantage of transclusion is that the linking function receives a
 * transclusion function which is pre-bound to the correct scope. In a typical setup the widget
 * creates an `isolate` scope, but the transclusion is not a child, but a sibling of the `isolate`
 * scope. This makes it possible for the widget to have private state, and the transclusion to
 * be bound to the parent (pre-`isolate`) scope.
 *
 * * `true` - transclude the content of the directive.
 * * `'element'` - transclude the whole element including any directives defined at lower priority.
 *
 * <div class="alert alert-warning">
 * **Note:** When testing an element transclude directive you must not place the directive at the root of the
 * DOM fragment that is being compiled. See {@link guide/unit-testing#testing-transclusion-directives
 * Testing Transclusion Directives}.
 * </div>
 *
 * #### `compile`
 *
 * ```js
 *   function compile(tElement, tAttrs, transclude) { ... }
 * ```
 *
 * The compile function deals with transforming the template DOM. Since most directives do not do
 * template transformation, it is not used often. The compile function takes the following arguments:
 *
 *   * `tElement` - template element - The element where the directive has been declared. It is
 *     safe to do template transformation on the element and child elements only.
 *
 *   * `tAttrs` - template attributes - Normalized list of attributes declared on this element shared
 *     between all directive compile functions.
 *
 *   * `transclude` -  [*DEPRECATED*!] A transclude linking function: `function(scope, cloneLinkingFn)`
 *
 * <div class="alert alert-warning">
 * **Note:** The template instance and the link instance may be different objects if the template has
 * been cloned. For this reason it is **not** safe to do anything other than DOM transformations that
 * apply to all cloned DOM nodes within the compile function. Specifically, DOM listener registration
 * should be done in a linking function rather than in a compile function.
 * </div>

 * <div class="alert alert-warning">
 * **Note:** The compile function cannot handle directives that recursively use themselves in their
 * own templates or compile functions. Compiling these directives results in an infinite loop and a
 * stack overflow errors.
 *
 * This can be avoided by manually using $compile in the postLink function to imperatively compile
 * a directive's template instead of relying on automatic template compilation via `template` or
 * `templateUrl` declaration or manual compilation inside the compile function.
 * </div>
 *
 * <div class="alert alert-error">
 * **Note:** The `transclude` function that is passed to the compile function is deprecated, as it
 *   e.g. does not know about the right outer scope. Please use the transclude function that is passed
 *   to the link function instead.
 * </div>

 * A compile function can have a return value which can be either a function or an object.
 *
 * * returning a (post-link) function - is equivalent to registering the linking function via the
 *   `link` property of the config object when the compile function is empty.
 *
 * * returning an object with function(s) registered via `pre` and `post` properties - allows you to
 *   control when a linking function should be called during the linking phase. See info about
 *   pre-linking and post-linking functions below.
 *
 *
 * #### `link`
 * This property is used only if the `compile` property is not defined.
 *
 * ```js
 *   function link(scope, iElement, iAttrs, controller, transcludeFn) { ... }
 * ```
 *
 * The link function is responsible for registering DOM listeners as well as updating the DOM. It is
 * executed after the template has been cloned. This is where most of the directive logic will be
 * put.
 *
 *   * `scope` - {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope Scope} - The scope to be used by the
 *     directive for registering {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watches}.
 *
 *   * `iElement` - instance element - The element where the directive is to be used. It is safe to
 *     manipulate the children of the element only in `postLink` function since the children have
 *     already been linked.
 *
 *   * `iAttrs` - instance attributes - Normalized list of attributes declared on this element shared
 *     between all directive linking functions.
 *
 *   * `controller` - a controller instance - A controller instance if at least one directive on the
 *     element defines a controller. The controller is shared among all the directives, which allows
 *     the directives to use the controllers as a communication channel.
 *
 *   * `transcludeFn` - A transclude linking function pre-bound to the correct transclusion scope.
 *     The scope can be overridden by an optional first argument. This is the same as the `$transclude`
 *     parameter of directive controllers.
 *     `function([scope], cloneLinkingFn)`.
 *
 *
 * #### Pre-linking function
 *
 * Executed before the child elements are linked. Not safe to do DOM transformation since the
 * compiler linking function will fail to locate the correct elements for linking.
 *
 * #### Post-linking function
 *
 * Executed after the child elements are linked. It is safe to do DOM transformation in the post-linking function.
 *
 * <a name="Attributes"></a>
 * ### Attributes
 *
 * The {@link ng.$compile.directive.Attributes Attributes} object - passed as a parameter in the
 * `link()` or `compile()` functions. It has a variety of uses.
 *
 * accessing *Normalized attribute names:*
 * Directives like 'ngBind' can be expressed in many ways: 'ng:bind', `data-ng-bind`, or 'x-ng-bind'.
 * the attributes object allows for normalized access to
 *   the attributes.
 *
 * * *Directive inter-communication:* All directives share the same instance of the attributes
 *   object which allows the directives to use the attributes object as inter directive
 *   communication.
 *
 * * *Supports interpolation:* Interpolation attributes are assigned to the attribute object
 *   allowing other directives to read the interpolated value.
 *
 * * *Observing interpolated attributes:* Use `$observe` to observe the value changes of attributes
 *   that contain interpolation (e.g. `src="{{bar}}"`). Not only is this very efficient but it's also
 *   the only way to easily get the actual value because during the linking phase the interpolation
 *   hasn't been evaluated yet and so the value is at this time set to `undefined`.
 *
 * ```js
 * function linkingFn(scope, elm, attrs, ctrl) {
 *   // get the attribute value
 *   console.log(attrs.ngModel);
 *
 *   // change the attribute
 *   attrs.$set('ngModel', 'new value');
 *
 *   // observe changes to interpolated attribute
 *   attrs.$observe('ngModel', function(value) {
 *     console.log('ngModel has changed value to ' + value);
 *   });
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * Below is an example using `$compileProvider`.
 *
 * <div class="alert alert-warning">
 * **Note**: Typically directives are registered with `module.directive`. The example below is
 * to illustrate how `$compile` works.
 * </div>
 *
 <example module="compileExample">
   <file name="index.html">
    <script>
      angular.module('compileExample', [], function($compileProvider) {
        // configure new 'compile' directive by passing a directive
        // factory function. The factory function injects the '$compile'
        $compileProvider.directive('compile', function($compile) {
          // directive factory creates a link function
          return function(scope, element, attrs) {
            scope.$watch(
              function(scope) {
                 // watch the 'compile' expression for changes
                return scope.$eval(attrs.compile);
              },
              function(value) {
                // when the 'compile' expression changes
                // assign it into the current DOM
                element.html(value);

                // compile the new DOM and link it to the current
                // scope.
                // NOTE: we only compile .childNodes so that
                // we don't get into infinite loop compiling ourselves
                $compile(element.contents())(scope);
              }
            );
          };
        });
      })
      .controller('GreeterController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
        $scope.name = 'Angular';
        $scope.html = 'Hello {{name}}';
      }]);
    </script>
    <div ng-controller="GreeterController">
      <input ng-model="name"> <br>
      <textarea ng-model="html"></textarea> <br>
      <div compile="html"></div>
    </div>
   </file>
   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
     it('should auto compile', function() {
       var textarea = $('textarea');
       var output = $('div[compile]');
       // The initial state reads 'Hello Angular'.
       expect(output.getText()).toBe('Hello Angular');
       textarea.clear();
       textarea.sendKeys('{{name}}!');
       expect(output.getText()).toBe('Angular!');
     });
   </file>
 </example>

 *
 *
 * @param {string|DOMElement} element Element or HTML string to compile into a template function.
 * @param {function(angular.Scope, cloneAttachFn=)} transclude function available to directives.
 * @param {number} maxPriority only apply directives lower than given priority (Only effects the
 *                 root element(s), not their children)
 * @returns {function(scope, cloneAttachFn=)} a link function which is used to bind template
 * (a DOM element/tree) to a scope. Where:
 *
 *  * `scope` - A {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope Scope} to bind to.
 *  * `cloneAttachFn` - If `cloneAttachFn` is provided, then the link function will clone the
 *  `template` and call the `cloneAttachFn` function allowing the caller to attach the
 *  cloned elements to the DOM document at the appropriate place. The `cloneAttachFn` is
 *  called as: <br> `cloneAttachFn(clonedElement, scope)` where:
 *
 *      * `clonedElement` - is a clone of the original `element` passed into the compiler.
 *      * `scope` - is the current scope with which the linking function is working with.
 *
 * Calling the linking function returns the element of the template. It is either the original
 * element passed in, or the clone of the element if the `cloneAttachFn` is provided.
 *
 * After linking the view is not updated until after a call to $digest which typically is done by
 * Angular automatically.
 *
 * If you need access to the bound view, there are two ways to do it:
 *
 * - If you are not asking the linking function to clone the template, create the DOM element(s)
 *   before you send them to the compiler and keep this reference around.
 *   ```js
 *     var element = $compile('<p>{{total}}</p>')(scope);
 *   ```
 *
 * - if on the other hand, you need the element to be cloned, the view reference from the original
 *   example would not point to the clone, but rather to the original template that was cloned. In
 *   this case, you can access the clone via the cloneAttachFn:
 *   ```js
 *     var templateElement = angular.element('<p>{{total}}</p>'),
 *         scope = ....;
 *
 *     var clonedElement = $compile(templateElement)(scope, function(clonedElement, scope) {
 *       //attach the clone to DOM document at the right place
 *     });
 *
 *     //now we have reference to the cloned DOM via `clonedElement`
 *   ```
 *
 *
 * For information on how the compiler works, see the
 * {@link guide/compiler Angular HTML Compiler} section of the Developer Guide.
 */

var $compileMinErr = minErr('$compile');

/**
 * @ngdoc provider
 * @name $compileProvider
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 */
$CompileProvider.$inject = ['$provide', '$$sanitizeUriProvider'];
function $CompileProvider($provide, $$sanitizeUriProvider) {
  var hasDirectives = {},
      Suffix = 'Directive',
      COMMENT_DIRECTIVE_REGEXP = /^\s*directive\:\s*([\d\w_\-]+)\s+(.*)$/,
      CLASS_DIRECTIVE_REGEXP = /(([\d\w_\-]+)(?:\:([^;]+))?;?)/,
      ALL_OR_NOTHING_ATTRS = makeMap('ngSrc,ngSrcset,src,srcset');

  // Ref: http://developers.whatwg.org/webappapis.html#event-handler-idl-attributes
  // The assumption is that future DOM event attribute names will begin with
  // 'on' and be composed of only English letters.
  var EVENT_HANDLER_ATTR_REGEXP = /^(on[a-z]+|formaction)$/;

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $compileProvider#directive
   * @kind function
   *
   * @description
   * Register a new directive with the compiler.
   *
   * @param {string|Object} name Name of the directive in camel-case (i.e. <code>ngBind</code> which
   *    will match as <code>ng-bind</code>), or an object map of directives where the keys are the
   *    names and the values are the factories.
   * @param {Function|Array} directiveFactory An injectable directive factory function. See
   *    {@link guide/directive} for more info.
   * @returns {ng.$compileProvider} Self for chaining.
   */
   this.directive = function registerDirective(name, directiveFactory) {
    assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, 'directive');
    if (isString(name)) {
      assertArg(directiveFactory, 'directiveFactory');
      if (!hasDirectives.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
        hasDirectives[name] = [];
        $provide.factory(name + Suffix, ['$injector', '$exceptionHandler',
          function($injector, $exceptionHandler) {
            var directives = [];
            forEach(hasDirectives[name], function(directiveFactory, index) {
              try {
                var directive = $injector.invoke(directiveFactory);
                if (isFunction(directive)) {
                  directive = { compile: valueFn(directive) };
                } else if (!directive.compile && directive.link) {
                  directive.compile = valueFn(directive.link);
                }
                directive.priority = directive.priority || 0;
                directive.index = index;
                directive.name = directive.name || name;
                directive.require = directive.require || (directive.controller && directive.name);
                directive.restrict = directive.restrict || 'EA';
                directives.push(directive);
              } catch (e) {
                $exceptionHandler(e);
              }
            });
            return directives;
          }]);
      }
      hasDirectives[name].push(directiveFactory);
    } else {
      forEach(name, reverseParams(registerDirective));
    }
    return this;
  };


  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $compileProvider#aHrefSanitizationWhitelist
   * @kind function
   *
   * @description
   * Retrieves or overrides the default regular expression that is used for whitelisting of safe
   * urls during a[href] sanitization.
   *
   * The sanitization is a security measure aimed at prevent XSS attacks via html links.
   *
   * Any url about to be assigned to a[href] via data-binding is first normalized and turned into
   * an absolute url. Afterwards, the url is matched against the `aHrefSanitizationWhitelist`
   * regular expression. If a match is found, the original url is written into the dom. Otherwise,
   * the absolute url is prefixed with `'unsafe:'` string and only then is it written into the DOM.
   *
   * @param {RegExp=} regexp New regexp to whitelist urls with.
   * @returns {RegExp|ng.$compileProvider} Current RegExp if called without value or self for
   *    chaining otherwise.
   */
  this.aHrefSanitizationWhitelist = function(regexp) {
    if (isDefined(regexp)) {
      $$sanitizeUriProvider.aHrefSanitizationWhitelist(regexp);
      return this;
    } else {
      return $$sanitizeUriProvider.aHrefSanitizationWhitelist();
    }
  };


  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $compileProvider#imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist
   * @kind function
   *
   * @description
   * Retrieves or overrides the default regular expression that is used for whitelisting of safe
   * urls during img[src] sanitization.
   *
   * The sanitization is a security measure aimed at prevent XSS attacks via html links.
   *
   * Any url about to be assigned to img[src] via data-binding is first normalized and turned into
   * an absolute url. Afterwards, the url is matched against the `imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist`
   * regular expression. If a match is found, the original url is written into the dom. Otherwise,
   * the absolute url is prefixed with `'unsafe:'` string and only then is it written into the DOM.
   *
   * @param {RegExp=} regexp New regexp to whitelist urls with.
   * @returns {RegExp|ng.$compileProvider} Current RegExp if called without value or self for
   *    chaining otherwise.
   */
  this.imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist = function(regexp) {
    if (isDefined(regexp)) {
      $$sanitizeUriProvider.imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist(regexp);
      return this;
    } else {
      return $$sanitizeUriProvider.imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist();
    }
  };

  this.$get = [
            '$injector', '$interpolate', '$exceptionHandler', '$http', '$templateCache', '$parse',
            '$controller', '$rootScope', '$document', '$sce', '$animate', '$$sanitizeUri',
    function($injector,   $interpolate,   $exceptionHandler,   $http,   $templateCache,   $parse,
             $controller,   $rootScope,   $document,   $sce,   $animate,   $$sanitizeUri) {

    var Attributes = function(element, attr) {
      this.$$element = element;
      this.$attr = attr || {};
    };

    Attributes.prototype = {
      $normalize: directiveNormalize,


      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$addClass
       * @kind function
       *
       * @description
       * Adds the CSS class value specified by the classVal parameter to the element. If animations
       * are enabled then an animation will be triggered for the class addition.
       *
       * @param {string} classVal The className value that will be added to the element
       */
      $addClass : function(classVal) {
        if(classVal && classVal.length > 0) {
          $animate.addClass(this.$$element, classVal);
        }
      },

      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$removeClass
       * @kind function
       *
       * @description
       * Removes the CSS class value specified by the classVal parameter from the element. If
       * animations are enabled then an animation will be triggered for the class removal.
       *
       * @param {string} classVal The className value that will be removed from the element
       */
      $removeClass : function(classVal) {
        if(classVal && classVal.length > 0) {
          $animate.removeClass(this.$$element, classVal);
        }
      },

      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$updateClass
       * @kind function
       *
       * @description
       * Adds and removes the appropriate CSS class values to the element based on the difference
       * between the new and old CSS class values (specified as newClasses and oldClasses).
       *
       * @param {string} newClasses The current CSS className value
       * @param {string} oldClasses The former CSS className value
       */
      $updateClass : function(newClasses, oldClasses) {
        var toAdd = tokenDifference(newClasses, oldClasses);
        var toRemove = tokenDifference(oldClasses, newClasses);

        if(toAdd.length === 0) {
          $animate.removeClass(this.$$element, toRemove);
        } else if(toRemove.length === 0) {
          $animate.addClass(this.$$element, toAdd);
        } else {
          $animate.setClass(this.$$element, toAdd, toRemove);
        }
      },

      /**
       * Set a normalized attribute on the element in a way such that all directives
       * can share the attribute. This function properly handles boolean attributes.
       * @param {string} key Normalized key. (ie ngAttribute)
       * @param {string|boolean} value The value to set. If `null` attribute will be deleted.
       * @param {boolean=} writeAttr If false, does not write the value to DOM element attribute.
       *     Defaults to true.
       * @param {string=} attrName Optional none normalized name. Defaults to key.
       */
      $set: function(key, value, writeAttr, attrName) {
        // TODO: decide whether or not to throw an error if "class"
        //is set through this function since it may cause $updateClass to
        //become unstable.

        var node = this.$$element[0],
            booleanKey = getBooleanAttrName(node, key),
            aliasedKey = getAliasedAttrName(node, key),
            observer = key,
            normalizedVal,
            nodeName;

        if (booleanKey) {
          this.$$element.prop(key, value);
          attrName = booleanKey;
        } else if(aliasedKey) {
          this[aliasedKey] = value;
          observer = aliasedKey;
        }

        this[key] = value;

        // translate normalized key to actual key
        if (attrName) {
          this.$attr[key] = attrName;
        } else {
          attrName = this.$attr[key];
          if (!attrName) {
            this.$attr[key] = attrName = snake_case(key, '-');
          }
        }

        nodeName = nodeName_(this.$$element);

        // sanitize a[href] and img[src] values
        if ((nodeName === 'a' && key === 'href') ||
            (nodeName === 'img' && key === 'src')) {
          this[key] = value = $$sanitizeUri(value, key === 'src');
        }

        if (writeAttr !== false) {
          if (value === null || value === undefined) {
            this.$$element.removeAttr(attrName);
          } else {
            this.$$element.attr(attrName, value);
          }
        }

        // fire observers
        var $$observers = this.$$observers;
        $$observers && forEach($$observers[observer], function(fn) {
          try {
            fn(value);
          } catch (e) {
            $exceptionHandler(e);
          }
        });
      },


      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$observe
       * @kind function
       *
       * @description
       * Observes an interpolated attribute.
       *
       * The observer function will be invoked once during the next `$digest` following
       * compilation. The observer is then invoked whenever the interpolated value
       * changes.
       *
       * @param {string} key Normalized key. (ie ngAttribute) .
       * @param {function(interpolatedValue)} fn Function that will be called whenever
                the interpolated value of the attribute changes.
       *        See the {@link guide/directive#Attributes Directives} guide for more info.
       * @returns {function()} Returns a deregistration function for this observer.
       */
      $observe: function(key, fn) {
        var attrs = this,
            $$observers = (attrs.$$observers || (attrs.$$observers = {})),
            listeners = ($$observers[key] || ($$observers[key] = []));

        listeners.push(fn);
        $rootScope.$evalAsync(function() {
          if (!listeners.$$inter) {
            // no one registered attribute interpolation function, so lets call it manually
            fn(attrs[key]);
          }
        });

        return function() {
          arrayRemove(listeners, fn);
        };
      }
    };

    var startSymbol = $interpolate.startSymbol(),
        endSymbol = $interpolate.endSymbol(),
        denormalizeTemplate = (startSymbol == '{{' || endSymbol  == '}}')
            ? identity
            : function denormalizeTemplate(template) {
              return template.replace(/\{\{/g, startSymbol).replace(/}}/g, endSymbol);
        },
        NG_ATTR_BINDING = /^ngAttr[A-Z]/;


    return compile;

    //================================

    function compile($compileNodes, transcludeFn, maxPriority, ignoreDirective,
                        previousCompileContext) {
      if (!($compileNodes instanceof jqLite)) {
        // jquery always rewraps, whereas we need to preserve the original selector so that we can
        // modify it.
        $compileNodes = jqLite($compileNodes);
      }
      // We can not compile top level text elements since text nodes can be merged and we will
      // not be able to attach scope data to them, so we will wrap them in <span>
      forEach($compileNodes, function(node, index){
        if (node.nodeType == 3 /* text node */ && node.nodeValue.match(/\S+/) /* non-empty */ ) {
          $compileNodes[index] = node = jqLite(node).wrap('<span></span>').parent()[0];
        }
      });
      var compositeLinkFn =
              compileNodes($compileNodes, transcludeFn, $compileNodes,
                           maxPriority, ignoreDirective, previousCompileContext);
      safeAddClass($compileNodes, 'ng-scope');
      return function publicLinkFn(scope, cloneConnectFn, transcludeControllers, parentBoundTranscludeFn){
        assertArg(scope, 'scope');
        // important!!: we must call our jqLite.clone() since the jQuery one is trying to be smart
        // and sometimes changes the structure of the DOM.
        var $linkNode = cloneConnectFn
          ? JQLitePrototype.clone.call($compileNodes) // IMPORTANT!!!
          : $compileNodes;

        forEach(transcludeControllers, function(instance, name) {
          $linkNode.data('$' + name + 'Controller', instance);
        });

        $linkNode.data('$scope', scope);

        if (cloneConnectFn) cloneConnectFn($linkNode, scope);
        if (compositeLinkFn) compositeLinkFn(scope, $linkNode, $linkNode, parentBoundTranscludeFn);
        return $linkNode;
      };
    }

    function safeAddClass($element, className) {
      try {
        $element.addClass(className);
      } catch(e) {
        // ignore, since it means that we are trying to set class on
        // SVG element, where class name is read-only.
      }
    }

    /**
     * Compile function matches each node in nodeList against the directives. Once all directives
     * for a particular node are collected their compile functions are executed. The compile
     * functions return values - the linking functions - are combined into a composite linking
     * function, which is the a linking function for the node.
     *
     * @param {NodeList} nodeList an array of nodes or NodeList to compile
     * @param {function(angular.Scope, cloneAttachFn=)} transcludeFn A linking function, where the
     *        scope argument is auto-generated to the new child of the transcluded parent scope.
     * @param {DOMElement=} $rootElement If the nodeList is the root of the compilation tree then
     *        the rootElement must be set the jqLite collection of the compile root. This is
     *        needed so that the jqLite collection items can be replaced with widgets.
     * @param {number=} maxPriority Max directive priority.
     * @returns {Function} A composite linking function of all of the matched directives or null.
     */
    function compileNodes(nodeList, transcludeFn, $rootElement, maxPriority, ignoreDirective,
                            previousCompileContext) {
      var linkFns = [],
          attrs, directives, nodeLinkFn, childNodes, childLinkFn, linkFnFound;

      for (var i = 0; i < nodeList.length; i++) {
        attrs = new Attributes();

        // we must always refer to nodeList[i] since the nodes can be replaced underneath us.
        directives = collectDirectives(nodeList[i], [], attrs, i === 0 ? maxPriority : undefined,
                                        ignoreDirective);

        nodeLinkFn = (directives.length)
            ? applyDirectivesToNode(directives, nodeList[i], attrs, transcludeFn, $rootElement,
                                      null, [], [], previousCompileContext)
            : null;

        if (nodeLinkFn && nodeLinkFn.scope) {
          safeAddClass(attrs.$$element, 'ng-scope');
        }

        childLinkFn = (nodeLinkFn && nodeLinkFn.terminal ||
                      !(childNodes = nodeList[i].childNodes) ||
                      !childNodes.length)
            ? null
            : compileNodes(childNodes,
                 nodeLinkFn ? (
                  (nodeLinkFn.transcludeOnThisElement || !nodeLinkFn.templateOnThisElement)
                     && nodeLinkFn.transclude) : transcludeFn);

        linkFns.push(nodeLinkFn, childLinkFn);
        linkFnFound = linkFnFound || nodeLinkFn || childLinkFn;
        //use the previous context only for the first element in the virtual group
        previousCompileContext = null;
      }

      // return a linking function if we have found anything, null otherwise
      return linkFnFound ? compositeLinkFn : null;

      function compositeLinkFn(scope, nodeList, $rootElement, parentBoundTranscludeFn) {
        var nodeLinkFn, childLinkFn, node, childScope, i, ii, n, childBoundTranscludeFn;

        // copy nodeList so that linking doesn't break due to live list updates.
        var nodeListLength = nodeList.length,
            stableNodeList = new Array(nodeListLength);
        for (i = 0; i < nodeListLength; i++) {
          stableNodeList[i] = nodeList[i];
        }

        for(i = 0, n = 0, ii = linkFns.length; i < ii; n++) {
          node = stableNodeList[n];
          nodeLinkFn = linkFns[i++];
          childLinkFn = linkFns[i++];

          if (nodeLinkFn) {
            if (nodeLinkFn.scope) {
              childScope = scope.$new();
              jqLite.data(node, '$scope', childScope);
            } else {
              childScope = scope;
            }

            if ( nodeLinkFn.transcludeOnThisElement ) {
              childBoundTranscludeFn = createBoundTranscludeFn(scope, nodeLinkFn.transclude, parentBoundTranscludeFn);

            } else if (!nodeLinkFn.templateOnThisElement && parentBoundTranscludeFn) {
              childBoundTranscludeFn = parentBoundTranscludeFn;

            } else if (!parentBoundTranscludeFn && transcludeFn) {
              childBoundTranscludeFn = createBoundTranscludeFn(scope, transcludeFn);

            } else {
              childBoundTranscludeFn = null;
            }

            nodeLinkFn(childLinkFn, childScope, node, $rootElement, childBoundTranscludeFn);

          } else if (childLinkFn) {
            childLinkFn(scope, node.childNodes, undefined, parentBoundTranscludeFn);
          }
        }
      }
    }

    function createBoundTranscludeFn(scope, transcludeFn, previousBoundTranscludeFn) {

      var boundTranscludeFn = function(transcludedScope, cloneFn, controllers) {
        var scopeCreated = false;

        if (!transcludedScope) {
          transcludedScope = scope.$new();
          transcludedScope.$$transcluded = true;
          scopeCreated = true;
        }

        var clone = transcludeFn(transcludedScope, cloneFn, controllers, previousBoundTranscludeFn);
        if (scopeCreated) {
          clone.on('$destroy', function() { transcludedScope.$destroy(); });
        }
        return clone;
      };

      return boundTranscludeFn;
    }

    /**
     * Looks for directives on the given node and adds them to the directive collection which is
     * sorted.
     *
     * @param node Node to search.
     * @param directives An array to which the directives are added to. This array is sorted before
     *        the function returns.
     * @param attrs The shared attrs object which is used to populate the normalized attributes.
     * @param {number=} maxPriority Max directive priority.
     */
    function collectDirectives(node, directives, attrs, maxPriority, ignoreDirective) {
      var nodeType = node.nodeType,
          attrsMap = attrs.$attr,
          match,
          className;

      switch(nodeType) {
        case 1: /* Element */
          // use the node name: <directive>
          addDirective(directives,
              directiveNormalize(nodeName_(node)), 'E', maxPriority, ignoreDirective);

          // iterate over the attributes
          for (var attr, name, nName, ngAttrName, value, isNgAttr, nAttrs = node.attributes,
                   j = 0, jj = nAttrs && nAttrs.length; j < jj; j++) {
            var attrStartName = false;
            var attrEndName = false;

            attr = nAttrs[j];
            if (!msie || msie >= 8 || attr.specified) {
              name = attr.name;
              value = trim(attr.value);

              // support ngAttr attribute binding
              ngAttrName = directiveNormalize(name);
              if (isNgAttr = NG_ATTR_BINDING.test(ngAttrName)) {
                name = snake_case(ngAttrName.substr(6), '-');
              }

              var directiveNName = ngAttrName.replace(/(Start|End)$/, '');
              if (directiveIsMultiElement(directiveNName)) {
                if (ngAttrName === directiveNName + 'Start') {
                  attrStartName = name;
                  attrEndName = name.substr(0, name.length - 5) + 'end';
                  name = name.substr(0, name.length - 6);
                }
              }

              nName = directiveNormalize(name.toLowerCase());
              attrsMap[nName] = name;
              if (isNgAttr || !attrs.hasOwnProperty(nName)) {
                  attrs[nName] = value;
                  if (getBooleanAttrName(node, nName)) {
                    attrs[nName] = true; // presence means true
                  }
              }
              addAttrInterpolateDirective(node, directives, value, nName);
              addDirective(directives, nName, 'A', maxPriority, ignoreDirective, attrStartName,
                            attrEndName);
            }
          }

          // use class as directive
          className = node.className;
          if (isString(className) && className !== '') {
            while (match = CLASS_DIRECTIVE_REGEXP.exec(className)) {
              nName = directiveNormalize(match[2]);
              if (addDirective(directives, nName, 'C', maxPriority, ignoreDirective)) {
                attrs[nName] = trim(match[3]);
              }
              className = className.substr(match.index + match[0].length);
            }
          }
          break;
        case 3: /* Text Node */
          addTextInterpolateDirective(directives, node.nodeValue);
          break;
        case 8: /* Comment */
          try {
            match = COMMENT_DIRECTIVE_REGEXP.exec(node.nodeValue);
            if (match) {
              nName = directiveNormalize(match[1]);
              if (addDirective(directives, nName, 'M', maxPriority, ignoreDirective)) {
                attrs[nName] = trim(match[2]);
              }
            }
          } catch (e) {
            // turns out that under some circumstances IE9 throws errors when one attempts to read
            // comment's node value.
            // Just ignore it and continue. (Can't seem to reproduce in test case.)
          }
          break;
      }

      directives.sort(byPriority);
      return directives;
    }

    /**
     * Given a node with an directive-start it collects all of the siblings until it finds
     * directive-end.
     * @param node
     * @param attrStart
     * @param attrEnd
     * @returns {*}
     */
    function groupScan(node, attrStart, attrEnd) {
      var nodes = [];
      var depth = 0;
      if (attrStart && node.hasAttribute && node.hasAttribute(attrStart)) {
        var startNode = node;
        do {
          if (!node) {
            throw $compileMinErr('uterdir',
                      "Unterminated attribute, found '{0}' but no matching '{1}' found.",
                      attrStart, attrEnd);
          }
          if (node.nodeType == 1 /** Element **/) {
            if (node.hasAttribute(attrStart)) depth++;
            if (node.hasAttribute(attrEnd)) depth--;
          }
          nodes.push(node);
          node = node.nextSibling;
        } while (depth > 0);
      } else {
        nodes.push(node);
      }

      return jqLite(nodes);
    }

    /**
     * Wrapper for linking function which converts normal linking function into a grouped
     * linking function.
     * @param linkFn
     * @param attrStart
     * @param attrEnd
     * @returns {Function}
     */
    function groupElementsLinkFnWrapper(linkFn, attrStart, attrEnd) {
      return function(scope, element, attrs, controllers, transcludeFn) {
        element = groupScan(element[0], attrStart, attrEnd);
        return linkFn(scope, element, attrs, controllers, transcludeFn);
      };
    }

    /**
     * Once the directives have been collected, their compile functions are executed. This method
     * is responsible for inlining directive templates as well as terminating the application
     * of the directives if the terminal directive has been reached.
     *
     * @param {Array} directives Array of collected directives to execute their compile function.
     *        this needs to be pre-sorted by priority order.
     * @param {Node} compileNode The raw DOM node to apply the compile functions to
     * @param {Object} templateAttrs The shared attribute function
     * @param {function(angular.Scope, cloneAttachFn=)} transcludeFn A linking function, where the
     *                                                  scope argument is auto-generated to the new
     *                                                  child of the transcluded parent scope.
     * @param {JQLite} jqCollection If we are working on the root of the compile tree then this
     *                              argument has the root jqLite array so that we can replace nodes
     *                              on it.
     * @param {Object=} originalReplaceDirective An optional directive that will be ignored when
     *                                           compiling the transclusion.
     * @param {Array.<Function>} preLinkFns
     * @param {Array.<Function>} postLinkFns
     * @param {Object} previousCompileContext Context used for previous compilation of the current
     *                                        node
     * @returns {Function} linkFn
     */
    function applyDirectivesToNode(directives, compileNode, templateAttrs, transcludeFn,
                                   jqCollection, originalReplaceDirective, preLinkFns, postLinkFns,
                                   previousCompileContext) {
      previousCompileContext = previousCompileContext || {};

      var terminalPriority = -Number.MAX_VALUE,
          newScopeDirective,
          controllerDirectives = previousCompileContext.controllerDirectives,
          newIsolateScopeDirective = previousCompileContext.newIsolateScopeDirective,
          templateDirective = previousCompileContext.templateDirective,
          nonTlbTranscludeDirective = previousCompileContext.nonTlbTranscludeDirective,
          hasTranscludeDirective = false,
          hasTemplate = false,
          hasElementTranscludeDirective = previousCompileContext.hasElementTranscludeDirective,
          $compileNode = templateAttrs.$$element = jqLite(compileNode),
          directive,
          directiveName,
          $template,
          replaceDirective = originalReplaceDirective,
          childTranscludeFn = transcludeFn,
          linkFn,
          directiveValue;

      // executes all directives on the current element
      for(var i = 0, ii = directives.length; i < ii; i++) {
        directive = directives[i];
        var attrStart = directive.$$start;
        var attrEnd = directive.$$end;

        // collect multiblock sections
        if (attrStart) {
          $compileNode = groupScan(compileNode, attrStart, attrEnd);
        }
        $template = undefined;

        if (terminalPriority > directive.priority) {
          break; // prevent further processing of directives
        }

        if (directiveValue = directive.scope) {

          // skip the check for directives with async templates, we'll check the derived sync
          // directive when the template arrives
          if (!directive.templateUrl) {
            if (isObject(directiveValue)) {
              // This directive is trying to add an isolated scope.
              // Check that there is no scope of any kind already
              assertNoDuplicate('new/isolated scope', newIsolateScopeDirective || newScopeDirective,
                                directive, $compileNode);
              newIsolateScopeDirective = directive;
            } else {
              // This directive is trying to add a child scope.
              // Check that there is no isolated scope already
              assertNoDuplicate('new/isolated scope', newIsolateScopeDirective, directive,
                                $compileNode);
            }
          }

          newScopeDirective = newScopeDirective || directive;
        }

        directiveName = directive.name;

        if (!directive.templateUrl && directive.controller) {
          directiveValue = directive.controller;
          controllerDirectives = controllerDirectives || {};
          assertNoDuplicate("'" + directiveName + "' controller",
              controllerDirectives[directiveName], directive, $compileNode);
          controllerDirectives[directiveName] = directive;
        }

        if (directiveValue = directive.transclude) {
          hasTranscludeDirective = true;

          // Special case ngIf and ngRepeat so that we don't complain about duplicate transclusion.
          // This option should only be used by directives that know how to safely handle element transclusion,
          // where the transcluded nodes are added or replaced after linking.
          if (!directive.$$tlb) {
            assertNoDuplicate('transclusion', nonTlbTranscludeDirective, directive, $compileNode);
            nonTlbTranscludeDirective = directive;
          }

          if (directiveValue == 'element') {
            hasElementTranscludeDirective = true;
            terminalPriority = directive.priority;
            $template = $compileNode;
            $compileNode = templateAttrs.$$element =
                jqLite(document.createComment(' ' + directiveName + ': ' +
                                              templateAttrs[directiveName] + ' '));
            compileNode = $compileNode[0];
            replaceWith(jqCollection, sliceArgs($template), compileNode);

            childTranscludeFn = compile($template, transcludeFn, terminalPriority,
                                        replaceDirective && replaceDirective.name, {
                                          // Don't pass in:
                                          // - controllerDirectives - otherwise we'll create duplicates controllers
                                          // - newIsolateScopeDirective or templateDirective - combining templates with
                                          //   element transclusion doesn't make sense.
                                          //
                                          // We need only nonTlbTranscludeDirective so that we prevent putting transclusion
                                          // on the same element more than once.
                                          nonTlbTranscludeDirective: nonTlbTranscludeDirective
                                        });
          } else {
            $template = jqLite(jqLiteClone(compileNode)).contents();
            $compileNode.empty(); // clear contents
            childTranscludeFn = compile($template, transcludeFn);
          }
        }

        if (directive.template) {
          hasTemplate = true;
          assertNoDuplicate('template', templateDirective, directive, $compileNode);
          templateDirective = directive;

          directiveValue = (isFunction(directive.template))
              ? directive.template($compileNode, templateAttrs)
              : directive.template;

          directiveValue = denormalizeTemplate(directiveValue);

          if (directive.replace) {
            replaceDirective = directive;
            if (jqLiteIsTextNode(directiveValue)) {
              $template = [];
            } else {
              $template = jqLite(wrapTemplate(directive.type, trim(directiveValue)));
            }
            compileNode = $template[0];

            if ($template.length != 1 || compileNode.nodeType !== 1) {
              throw $compileMinErr('tplrt',
                  "Template for directive '{0}' must have exactly one root element. {1}",
                  directiveName, '');
            }

            replaceWith(jqCollection, $compileNode, compileNode);

            var newTemplateAttrs = {$attr: {}};

            // combine directives from the original node and from the template:
            // - take the array of directives for this element
            // - split it into two parts, those that already applied (processed) and those that weren't (unprocessed)
            // - collect directives from the template and sort them by priority
            // - combine directives as: processed + template + unprocessed
            var templateDirectives = collectDirectives(compileNode, [], newTemplateAttrs);
            var unprocessedDirectives = directives.splice(i + 1, directives.length - (i + 1));

            if (newIsolateScopeDirective) {
              markDirectivesAsIsolate(templateDirectives);
            }
            directives = directives.concat(templateDirectives).concat(unprocessedDirectives);
            mergeTemplateAttributes(templateAttrs, newTemplateAttrs);

            ii = directives.length;
          } else {
            $compileNode.html(directiveValue);
          }
        }

        if (directive.templateUrl) {
          hasTemplate = true;
          assertNoDuplicate('template', templateDirective, directive, $compileNode);
          templateDirective = directive;

          if (directive.replace) {
            replaceDirective = directive;
          }

          nodeLinkFn = compileTemplateUrl(directives.splice(i, directives.length - i), $compileNode,
              templateAttrs, jqCollection, hasTranscludeDirective && childTranscludeFn, preLinkFns, postLinkFns, {
                controllerDirectives: controllerDirectives,
                newIsolateScopeDirective: newIsolateScopeDirective,
                templateDirective: templateDirective,
                nonTlbTranscludeDirective: nonTlbTranscludeDirective
              });
          ii = directives.length;
        } else if (directive.compile) {
          try {
            linkFn = directive.compile($compileNode, templateAttrs, childTranscludeFn);
            if (isFunction(linkFn)) {
              addLinkFns(null, linkFn, attrStart, attrEnd);
            } else if (linkFn) {
              addLinkFns(linkFn.pre, linkFn.post, attrStart, attrEnd);
            }
          } catch (e) {
            $exceptionHandler(e, startingTag($compileNode));
          }
        }

        if (directive.terminal) {
          nodeLinkFn.terminal = true;
          terminalPriority = Math.max(terminalPriority, directive.priority);
        }

      }

      nodeLinkFn.scope = newScopeDirective && newScopeDirective.scope === true;
      nodeLinkFn.transcludeOnThisElement = hasTranscludeDirective;
      nodeLinkFn.templateOnThisElement = hasTemplate;
      nodeLinkFn.transclude = childTranscludeFn;

      previousCompileContext.hasElementTranscludeDirective = hasElementTranscludeDirective;

      // might be normal or delayed nodeLinkFn depending on if templateUrl is present
      return nodeLinkFn;

      ////////////////////

      function addLinkFns(pre, post, attrStart, attrEnd) {
        if (pre) {
          if (attrStart) pre = groupElementsLinkFnWrapper(pre, attrStart, attrEnd);
          pre.require = directive.require;
          pre.directiveName = directiveName;
          if (newIsolateScopeDirective === directive || directive.$$isolateScope) {
            pre = cloneAndAnnotateFn(pre, {isolateScope: true});
          }
          preLinkFns.push(pre);
        }
        if (post) {
          if (attrStart) post = groupElementsLinkFnWrapper(post, attrStart, attrEnd);
          post.require = directive.require;
          post.directiveName = directiveName;
          if (newIsolateScopeDirective === directive || directive.$$isolateScope) {
            post = cloneAndAnnotateFn(post, {isolateScope: true});
          }
          postLinkFns.push(post);
        }
      }


      function getControllers(directiveName, require, $element, elementControllers) {
        var value, retrievalMethod = 'data', optional = false;
        if (isString(require)) {
          while((value = require.charAt(0)) == '^' || value == '?') {
            require = require.substr(1);
            if (value == '^') {
              retrievalMethod = 'inheritedData';
            }
            optional = optional || value == '?';
          }
          value = null;

          if (elementControllers && retrievalMethod === 'data') {
            value = elementControllers[require];
          }
          value = value || $element[retrievalMethod]('$' + require + 'Controller');

          if (!value && !optional) {
            throw $compileMinErr('ctreq',
                "Controller '{0}', required by directive '{1}', can't be found!",
                require, directiveName);
          }
          return value;
        } else if (isArray(require)) {
          value = [];
          forEach(require, function(require) {
            value.push(getControllers(directiveName, require, $element, elementControllers));
          });
        }
        return value;
      }


      function nodeLinkFn(childLinkFn, scope, linkNode, $rootElement, boundTranscludeFn) {
        var attrs, $element, i, ii, linkFn, controller, isolateScope, elementControllers = {}, transcludeFn;

        attrs = (compileNode === linkNode)
          ? templateAttrs
          : shallowCopy(templateAttrs, new Attributes(jqLite(linkNode), templateAttrs.$attr));
        $element = attrs.$$element;

        if (newIsolateScopeDirective) {
          var LOCAL_REGEXP = /^\s*([@=&])(\??)\s*(\w*)\s*$/;

          isolateScope = scope.$new(true);

          if (templateDirective && (templateDirective === newIsolateScopeDirective ||
              templateDirective === newIsolateScopeDirective.$$originalDirective)) {
            $element.data('$isolateScope', isolateScope);
          } else {
            $element.data('$isolateScopeNoTemplate', isolateScope);
          }


          safeAddClass($element, 'ng-isolate-scope');

          forEach(newIsolateScopeDirective.scope, function(definition, scopeName) {
            var match = definition.match(LOCAL_REGEXP) || [],
                attrName = match[3] || scopeName,
                optional = (match[2] == '?'),
                mode = match[1], // @, =, or &
                lastValue,
                parentGet, parentSet, compare;

            isolateScope.$$isolateBindings[scopeName] = mode + attrName;

            switch (mode) {

              case '@':
                attrs.$observe(attrName, function(value) {
                  isolateScope[scopeName] = value;
                });
                attrs.$$observers[attrName].$$scope = scope;
                if( attrs[attrName] ) {
                  // If the attribute has been provided then we trigger an interpolation to ensure
                  // the value is there for use in the link fn
                  isolateScope[scopeName] = $interpolate(attrs[attrName])(scope);
                }
                break;

              case '=':
                if (optional && !attrs[attrName]) {
                  return;
                }
                parentGet = $parse(attrs[attrName]);
                if (parentGet.literal) {
                  compare = equals;
                } else {
                  compare = function(a,b) { return a === b; };
                }
                parentSet = parentGet.assign || function() {
                  // reset the change, or we will throw this exception on every $digest
                  lastValue = isolateScope[scopeName] = parentGet(scope);
                  throw $compileMinErr('nonassign',
                      "Expression '{0}' used with directive '{1}' is non-assignable!",
                      attrs[attrName], newIsolateScopeDirective.name);
                };
                lastValue = isolateScope[scopeName] = parentGet(scope);
                var unwatch = scope.$watch($parse(attrs[attrName], function parentValueWatch(parentValue) {
                  if (!compare(parentValue, isolateScope[scopeName])) {
                    // we are out of sync and need to copy
                    if (!compare(parentValue, lastValue)) {
                      // parent changed and it has precedence
                      isolateScope[scopeName] = parentValue;
                    } else {
                      // if the parent can be assigned then do so
                      parentSet(scope, parentValue = isolateScope[scopeName]);
                    }
                  }
                  return lastValue = parentValue;
                }), null, parentGet.literal);
                isolateScope.$on('$destroy', unwatch);
                break;

              case '&':
                parentGet = $parse(attrs[attrName]);
                isolateScope[scopeName] = function(locals) {
                  return parentGet(scope, locals);
                };
                break;

              default:
                throw $compileMinErr('iscp',
                    "Invalid isolate scope definition for directive '{0}'." +
                    " Definition: {... {1}: '{2}' ...}",
                    newIsolateScopeDirective.name, scopeName, definition);
            }
          });
        }
        transcludeFn = boundTranscludeFn && controllersBoundTransclude;
        if (controllerDirectives) {
          forEach(controllerDirectives, function(directive) {
            var locals = {
              $scope: directive === newIsolateScopeDirective || directive.$$isolateScope ? isolateScope : scope,
              $element: $element,
              $attrs: attrs,
              $transclude: transcludeFn
            }, controllerInstance;

            controller = directive.controller;
            if (controller == '@') {
              controller = attrs[directive.name];
            }

            controllerInstance = $controller(controller, locals);
            // For directives with element transclusion the element is a comment,
            // but jQuery .data doesn't support attaching data to comment nodes as it's hard to
            // clean up (http://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/8335).
            // Instead, we save the controllers for the element in a local hash and attach to .data
            // later, once we have the actual element.
            elementControllers[directive.name] = controllerInstance;
            if (!hasElementTranscludeDirective) {
              $element.data('$' + directive.name + 'Controller', controllerInstance);
            }

            if (directive.controllerAs) {
              locals.$scope[directive.controllerAs] = controllerInstance;
            }
          });
        }

        // PRELINKING
        for(i = 0, ii = preLinkFns.length; i < ii; i++) {
          try {
            linkFn = preLinkFns[i];
            linkFn(linkFn.isolateScope ? isolateScope : scope, $element, attrs,
                linkFn.require && getControllers(linkFn.directiveName, linkFn.require, $element, elementControllers), transcludeFn);
          } catch (e) {
            $exceptionHandler(e, startingTag($element));
          }
        }

        // RECURSION
        // We only pass the isolate scope, if the isolate directive has a template,
        // otherwise the child elements do not belong to the isolate directive.
        var scopeToChild = scope;
        if (newIsolateScopeDirective && (newIsolateScopeDirective.template || newIsolateScopeDirective.templateUrl === null)) {
          scopeToChild = isolateScope;
        }
        childLinkFn && childLinkFn(scopeToChild, linkNode.childNodes, undefined, boundTranscludeFn);

        // POSTLINKING
        for(i = postLinkFns.length - 1; i >= 0; i--) {
          try {
            linkFn = postLinkFns[i];
            linkFn(linkFn.isolateScope ? isolateScope : scope, $element, attrs,
                linkFn.require && getControllers(linkFn.directiveName, linkFn.require, $element, elementControllers), transcludeFn);
          } catch (e) {
            $exceptionHandler(e, startingTag($element));
          }
        }

        // This is the function that is injected as `$transclude`.
        function controllersBoundTransclude(scope, cloneAttachFn) {
          var transcludeControllers;

          // no scope passed
          if (arguments.length < 2) {
            cloneAttachFn = scope;
            scope = undefined;
          }

          if (hasElementTranscludeDirective) {
            transcludeControllers = elementControllers;
          }

          return boundTranscludeFn(scope, cloneAttachFn, transcludeControllers);
        }
      }
    }

    function markDirectivesAsIsolate(directives) {
      // mark all directives as needing isolate scope.
      for (var j = 0, jj = directives.length; j < jj; j++) {
        directives[j] = inherit(directives[j], {$$isolateScope: true});
      }
    }

    /**
     * looks up the directive and decorates it with exception handling and proper parameters. We
     * call this the boundDirective.
     *
     * @param {string} name name of the directive to look up.
     * @param {string} location The directive must be found in specific format.
     *   String containing any of theses characters:
     *
     *   * `E`: element name
     *   * `A': attribute
     *   * `C`: class
     *   * `M`: comment
     * @returns {boolean} true if directive was added.
     */
    function addDirective(tDirectives, name, location, maxPriority, ignoreDirective, startAttrName,
                          endAttrName) {
      if (name === ignoreDirective) return null;
      var match = null;
      if (hasDirectives.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
        for(var directive, directives = $injector.get(name + Suffix),
            i = 0, ii = directives.length; i<ii; i++) {
          try {
            directive = directives[i];
            if ( (maxPriority === undefined || maxPriority > directive.priority) &&
                 directive.restrict.indexOf(location) != -1) {
              if (startAttrName) {
                directive = inherit(directive, {$$start: startAttrName, $$end: endAttrName});
              }
              tDirectives.push(directive);
              match = directive;
            }
          } catch(e) { $exceptionHandler(e); }
        }
      }
      return match;
    }


    /**
     * looks up the directive and returns true if it is a multi-element directive,
     * and therefore requires DOM nodes between -start and -end markers to be grouped
     * together.
     *
     * @param {string} name name of the directive to look up.
     * @returns true if directive was registered as multi-element.
     */
    function directiveIsMultiElement(name) {
      if (hasDirectives.hasOwnProperty(name)) {
        for(var directive, directives = $injector.get(name + Suffix),
            i = 0, ii = directives.length; i<ii; i++) {
          directive = directives[i];
          if (directive.multiElement) {
            return true;
          }
        }
      }
      return false;
    }

    /**
     * When the element is replaced with HTML template then the new attributes
     * on the template need to be merged with the existing attributes in the DOM.
     * The desired effect is to have both of the attributes present.
     *
     * @param {object} dst destination attributes (original DOM)
     * @param {object} src source attributes (from the directive template)
     */
    function mergeTemplateAttributes(dst, src) {
      var srcAttr = src.$attr,
          dstAttr = dst.$attr,
          $element = dst.$$element;

      // reapply the old attributes to the new element
      forEach(dst, function(value, key) {
        if (key.charAt(0) != '$') {
          if (src[key] && src[key] !== value) {
            value += (key === 'style' ? ';' : ' ') + src[key];
          }
          dst.$set(key, value, true, srcAttr[key]);
        }
      });

      // copy the new attributes on the old attrs object
      forEach(src, function(value, key) {
        if (key == 'class') {
          safeAddClass($element, value);
          dst['class'] = (dst['class'] ? dst['class'] + ' ' : '') + value;
        } else if (key == 'style') {
          $element.attr('style', $element.attr('style') + ';' + value);
          dst['style'] = (dst['style'] ? dst['style'] + ';' : '') + value;
          // `dst` will never contain hasOwnProperty as DOM parser won't let it.
          // You will get an "InvalidCharacterError: DOM Exception 5" error if you
          // have an attribute like "has-own-property" or "data-has-own-property", etc.
        } else if (key.charAt(0) != '$' && !dst.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
          dst[key] = value;
          dstAttr[key] = srcAttr[key];
        }
      });
    }


    function compileTemplateUrl(directives, $compileNode, tAttrs,
        $rootElement, childTranscludeFn, preLinkFns, postLinkFns, previousCompileContext) {
      var linkQueue = [],
          afterTemplateNodeLinkFn,
          afterTemplateChildLinkFn,
          beforeTemplateCompileNode = $compileNode[0],
          origAsyncDirective = directives.shift(),
          // The fact that we have to copy and patch the directive seems wrong!
          derivedSyncDirective = extend({}, origAsyncDirective, {
            templateUrl: null, transclude: null, replace: null, $$originalDirective: origAsyncDirective
          }),
          templateUrl = (isFunction(origAsyncDirective.templateUrl))
              ? origAsyncDirective.templateUrl($compileNode, tAttrs)
              : origAsyncDirective.templateUrl,
          type = origAsyncDirective.type;

      $compileNode.empty();

      $http.get($sce.getTrustedResourceUrl(templateUrl), {cache: $templateCache}).
        success(function(content) {
          var compileNode, tempTemplateAttrs, $template, childBoundTranscludeFn;

          content = denormalizeTemplate(content);

          if (origAsyncDirective.replace) {
            if (jqLiteIsTextNode(content)) {
              $template = [];
            } else {
              $template = jqLite(wrapTemplate(type, trim(content)));
            }
            compileNode = $template[0];

            if ($template.length != 1 || compileNode.nodeType !== 1) {
              throw $compileMinErr('tplrt',
                  "Template for directive '{0}' must have exactly one root element. {1}",
                  origAsyncDirective.name, templateUrl);
            }

            tempTemplateAttrs = {$attr: {}};
            replaceWith($rootElement, $compileNode, compileNode);
            var templateDirectives = collectDirectives(compileNode, [], tempTemplateAttrs);

            if (isObject(origAsyncDirective.scope)) {
              markDirectivesAsIsolate(templateDirectives);
            }
            directives = templateDirectives.concat(directives);
            mergeTemplateAttributes(tAttrs, tempTemplateAttrs);
          } else {
            compileNode = beforeTemplateCompileNode;
            $compileNode.html(content);
          }

          directives.unshift(derivedSyncDirective);

          afterTemplateNodeLinkFn = applyDirectivesToNode(directives, compileNode, tAttrs,
              childTranscludeFn, $compileNode, origAsyncDirective, preLinkFns, postLinkFns,
              previousCompileContext);
          forEach($rootElement, function(node, i) {
            if (node == compileNode) {
              $rootElement[i] = $compileNode[0];
            }
          });
          afterTemplateChildLinkFn = compileNodes($compileNode[0].childNodes, childTranscludeFn);

          while(linkQueue.length) {
            var scope = linkQueue.shift(),
                beforeTemplateLinkNode = linkQueue.shift(),
                linkRootElement = linkQueue.shift(),
                boundTranscludeFn = linkQueue.shift(),
                linkNode = $compileNode[0];

            if (beforeTemplateLinkNode !== beforeTemplateCompileNode) {
              var oldClasses = beforeTemplateLinkNode.className;

              if (!(previousCompileContext.hasElementTranscludeDirective &&
                  origAsyncDirective.replace)) {
                // it was cloned therefore we have to clone as well.
                linkNode = jqLiteClone(compileNode);
              }

              replaceWith(linkRootElement, jqLite(beforeTemplateLinkNode), linkNode);

              // Copy in CSS classes from original node
              safeAddClass(jqLite(linkNode), oldClasses);
            }
            if (afterTemplateNodeLinkFn.transcludeOnThisElement) {
              childBoundTranscludeFn = createBoundTranscludeFn(scope, afterTemplateNodeLinkFn.transclude, boundTranscludeFn);
            } else {
              childBoundTranscludeFn = boundTranscludeFn;
            }
            afterTemplateNodeLinkFn(afterTemplateChildLinkFn, scope, linkNode, $rootElement,
              childBoundTranscludeFn);
          }
          linkQueue = null;
        }).
        error(function(response, code, headers, config) {
          throw $compileMinErr('tpload', 'Failed to load template: {0}', config.url);
        });

      return function delayedNodeLinkFn(ignoreChildLinkFn, scope, node, rootElement, boundTranscludeFn) {
        var childBoundTranscludeFn = boundTranscludeFn;
        if (linkQueue) {
          linkQueue.push(scope);
          linkQueue.push(node);
          linkQueue.push(rootElement);
          linkQueue.push(childBoundTranscludeFn);
        } else {
          if (afterTemplateNodeLinkFn.transcludeOnThisElement) {
            childBoundTranscludeFn = createBoundTranscludeFn(scope, afterTemplateNodeLinkFn.transclude, boundTranscludeFn);
          }
          afterTemplateNodeLinkFn(afterTemplateChildLinkFn, scope, node, rootElement, childBoundTranscludeFn);
        }
      };
    }


    /**
     * Sorting function for bound directives.
     */
    function byPriority(a, b) {
      var diff = b.priority - a.priority;
      if (diff !== 0) return diff;
      if (a.name !== b.name) return (a.name < b.name) ? -1 : 1;
      return a.index - b.index;
    }


    function assertNoDuplicate(what, previousDirective, directive, element) {
      if (previousDirective) {
        throw $compileMinErr('multidir', 'Multiple directives [{0}, {1}] asking for {2} on: {3}',
            previousDirective.name, directive.name, what, startingTag(element));
      }
    }


    function addTextInterpolateDirective(directives, text) {
      var interpolateFn = $interpolate(text, true);
      if (interpolateFn) {
        directives.push({
          priority: 0,
          compile: function textInterpolateCompileFn(templateNode) {
            // when transcluding a template that has bindings in the root
            // then we don't have a parent and should do this in the linkFn
            var parent = templateNode.parent(), hasCompileParent = parent.length;
            if (hasCompileParent) safeAddClass(templateNode.parent(), 'ng-binding');

            return function textInterpolateLinkFn(scope, node) {
              var parent = node.parent(),
                  bindings = parent.data('$binding') || [];
              bindings.push(interpolateFn);
              parent.data('$binding', bindings);
              if (!hasCompileParent) safeAddClass(parent, 'ng-binding');
              scope.$watch(interpolateFn, function interpolateFnWatchAction(value) {
                node[0].nodeValue = value;
              });
            };
          }
        });
      }
    }


    function wrapTemplate(type, template) {
      type = lowercase(type || 'html');
      switch(type) {
      case 'svg':
      case 'math':
        var wrapper = document.createElement('div');
        wrapper.innerHTML = '<'+type+'>'+template+'</'+type+'>';
        return wrapper.childNodes[0].childNodes;
      default:
        return template;
      }
    }


    function getTrustedContext(node, attrNormalizedName) {
      if (attrNormalizedName == "srcdoc") {
        return $sce.HTML;
      }
      var tag = nodeName_(node);
      // maction[xlink:href] can source SVG.  It's not limited to <maction>.
      if (attrNormalizedName == "xlinkHref" ||
          (tag == "form" && attrNormalizedName == "action") ||
          (tag != "img" && (attrNormalizedName == "src" ||
                            attrNormalizedName == "ngSrc"))) {
        return $sce.RESOURCE_URL;
      }
    }


    function addAttrInterpolateDirective(node, directives, value, name) {
      var interpolateFn = $interpolate(value, true);

      // no interpolation found -> ignore
      if (!interpolateFn) return;


      if (name === "multiple" && nodeName_(node) === "select") {
        throw $compileMinErr("selmulti",
            "Binding to the 'multiple' attribute is not supported. Element: {0}",
            startingTag(node));
      }

      directives.push({
        priority: 100,
        compile: function() {
            return {
              pre: function attrInterpolatePreLinkFn(scope, element, attr) {
                var $$observers = (attr.$$observers || (attr.$$observers = {}));

                if (EVENT_HANDLER_ATTR_REGEXP.test(name)) {
                  throw $compileMinErr('nodomevents',
                      "Interpolations for HTML DOM event attributes are disallowed.  Please use the " +
                          "ng- versions (such as ng-click instead of onclick) instead.");
                }

                // we need to interpolate again, in case the attribute value has been updated
                // (e.g. by another directive's compile function)
                interpolateFn = $interpolate(attr[name], true, getTrustedContext(node, name),
                    ALL_OR_NOTHING_ATTRS[name]);

                // if attribute was updated so that there is no interpolation going on we don't want to
                // register any observers
                if (!interpolateFn) return;

                // initialize attr object so that it's ready in case we need the value for isolate
                // scope initialization, otherwise the value would not be available from isolate
                // directive's linking fn during linking phase
                attr[name] = interpolateFn(scope);

                ($$observers[name] || ($$observers[name] = [])).$$inter = true;
                (attr.$$observers && attr.$$observers[name].$$scope || scope).
                  $watch(interpolateFn, function interpolateFnWatchAction(newValue, oldValue) {
                    //special case for class attribute addition + removal
                    //so that class changes can tap into the animation
                    //hooks provided by the $animate service. Be sure to
                    //skip animations when the first digest occurs (when
                    //both the new and the old values are the same) since
                    //the CSS classes are the non-interpolated values
                    if(name === 'class' && newValue != oldValue) {
                      attr.$updateClass(newValue, oldValue);
                    } else {
                      attr.$set(name, newValue);
                    }
                  });
              }
            };
          }
      });
    }


    /**
     * This is a special jqLite.replaceWith, which can replace items which
     * have no parents, provided that the containing jqLite collection is provided.
     *
     * @param {JqLite=} $rootElement The root of the compile tree. Used so that we can replace nodes
     *                               in the root of the tree.
     * @param {JqLite} elementsToRemove The jqLite element which we are going to replace. We keep
     *                                  the shell, but replace its DOM node reference.
     * @param {Node} newNode The new DOM node.
     */
    function replaceWith($rootElement, elementsToRemove, newNode) {
      var firstElementToRemove = elementsToRemove[0],
          removeCount = elementsToRemove.length,
          parent = firstElementToRemove.parentNode,
          i, ii;

      if ($rootElement) {
        for(i = 0, ii = $rootElement.length; i < ii; i++) {
          if ($rootElement[i] == firstElementToRemove) {
            $rootElement[i++] = newNode;
            for (var j = i, j2 = j + removeCount - 1,
                     jj = $rootElement.length;
                 j < jj; j++, j2++) {
              if (j2 < jj) {
                $rootElement[j] = $rootElement[j2];
              } else {
                delete $rootElement[j];
              }
            }
            $rootElement.length -= removeCount - 1;
            break;
          }
        }
      }

      if (parent) {
        parent.replaceChild(newNode, firstElementToRemove);
      }
      var fragment = document.createDocumentFragment();
      fragment.appendChild(firstElementToRemove);
      newNode[jqLite.expando] = firstElementToRemove[jqLite.expando];
      for (var k = 1, kk = elementsToRemove.length; k < kk; k++) {
        var element = elementsToRemove[k];
        jqLite(element).remove(); // must do this way to clean up expando
        fragment.appendChild(element);
        delete elementsToRemove[k];
      }

      elementsToRemove[0] = newNode;
      elementsToRemove.length = 1;
    }


    function cloneAndAnnotateFn(fn, annotation) {
      return extend(function() { return fn.apply(null, arguments); }, fn, annotation);
    }
  }];
}

var PREFIX_REGEXP = /^(x[\:\-_]|data[\:\-_])/i;
/**
 * Converts all accepted directives format into proper directive name.
 * All of these will become 'myDirective':
 *   my:Directive
 *   my-directive
 *   x-my-directive
 *   data-my:directive
 *
 * Also there is special case for Moz prefix starting with upper case letter.
 * @param name Name to normalize
 */
function directiveNormalize(name) {
  return camelCase(name.replace(PREFIX_REGEXP, ''));
}

/**
 * @ngdoc type
 * @name $compile.directive.Attributes
 *
 * @description
 * A shared object between directive compile / linking functions which contains normalized DOM
 * element attributes. The values reflect current binding state `{{ }}`. The normalization is
 * needed since all of these are treated as equivalent in Angular:
 *
 * ```
 *    <span ng:bind="a" ng-bind="a" data-ng-bind="a" x-ng-bind="a">
 * ```
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc property
 * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$attr
 * @returns {object} A map of DOM element attribute names to the normalized name. This is
 *                   needed to do reverse lookup from normalized name back to actual name.
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc method
 * @name $compile.directive.Attributes#$set
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Set DOM element attribute value.
 *
 *
 * @param {string} name Normalized element attribute name of the property to modify. The name is
 *          reverse-translated using the {@link ng.$compile.directive.Attributes#$attr $attr}
 *          property to the original name.
 * @param {string} value Value to set the attribute to. The value can be an interpolated string.
 */


/**
 * Closure compiler type information
 */

function nodesetLinkingFn(
  /* angular.Scope */ scope,
  /* NodeList */ nodeList,
  /* Element */ rootElement,
  /* function(Function) */ boundTranscludeFn
){}

function directiveLinkingFn(
  /* nodesetLinkingFn */ nodesetLinkingFn,
  /* angular.Scope */ scope,
  /* Node */ node,
  /* Element */ rootElement,
  /* function(Function) */ boundTranscludeFn
){}

function tokenDifference(str1, str2) {
  var values = '',
      tokens1 = str1.split(/\s+/),
      tokens2 = str2.split(/\s+/);

  outer:
  for(var i = 0; i < tokens1.length; i++) {
    var token = tokens1[i];
    for(var j = 0; j < tokens2.length; j++) {
      if(token == tokens2[j]) continue outer;
    }
    values += (values.length > 0 ? ' ' : '') + token;
  }
  return values;
}

/**
 * @ngdoc provider
 * @name $controllerProvider
 * @description
 * The {@link ng.$controller $controller service} is used by Angular to create new
 * controllers.
 *
 * This provider allows controller registration via the
 * {@link ng.$controllerProvider#register register} method.
 */
function $ControllerProvider() {
  var controllers = {},
      globals = false,
      CNTRL_REG = /^(\S+)(\s+as\s+(\w+))?$/;


  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $controllerProvider#register
   * @param {string|Object} name Controller name, or an object map of controllers where the keys are
   *    the names and the values are the constructors.
   * @param {Function|Array} constructor Controller constructor fn (optionally decorated with DI
   *    annotations in the array notation).
   */
  this.register = function(name, constructor) {
    assertNotHasOwnProperty(name, 'controller');
    if (isObject(name)) {
      extend(controllers, name);
    } else {
      controllers[name] = constructor;
    }
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $controllerProvider#allowGlobals
   * @description If called, allows `$controller` to find controller constructors on `window`
   */
  this.allowGlobals = function() {
    globals = true;
  };


  this.$get = ['$injector', '$window', function($injector, $window) {

    /**
     * @ngdoc service
     * @name $controller
     * @requires $injector
     *
     * @param {Function|string} constructor If called with a function then it's considered to be the
     *    controller constructor function. Otherwise it's considered to be a string which is used
     *    to retrieve the controller constructor using the following steps:
     *
     *    * check if a controller with given name is registered via `$controllerProvider`
     *    * check if evaluating the string on the current scope returns a constructor
     *    * if $controllerProvider#allowGlobals, check `window[constructor]` on the global
     *      `window` object (not recommended)
     *
     * @param {Object} locals Injection locals for Controller.
     * @return {Object} Instance of given controller.
     *
     * @description
     * `$controller` service is responsible for instantiating controllers.
     *
     * It's just a simple call to {@link auto.$injector $injector}, but extracted into
     * a service, so that one can override this service with [BC version](https://gist.github.com/1649788).
     */
    return function(expression, locals) {
      var instance, match, constructor, identifier;

      if(isString(expression)) {
        match = expression.match(CNTRL_REG),
        constructor = match[1],
        identifier = match[3];
        expression = controllers.hasOwnProperty(constructor)
            ? controllers[constructor]
            : getter(locals.$scope, constructor, true) ||
                (globals ? getter($window, constructor, true) : undefined);

        assertArgFn(expression, constructor, true);
      }

      instance = $injector.instantiate(expression, locals, constructor);

      if (identifier) {
        if (!(locals && typeof locals.$scope === 'object')) {
          throw minErr('$controller')('noscp',
              "Cannot export controller '{0}' as '{1}'! No $scope object provided via `locals`.",
              constructor || expression.name, identifier);
        }

        locals.$scope[identifier] = instance;
      }

      return instance;
    };
  }];
}

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $document
 * @requires $window
 *
 * @description
 * A {@link angular.element jQuery or jqLite} wrapper for the browser's `window.document` object.
 *
 * @example
   <example module="documentExample">
     <file name="index.html">
       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
         <p>$document title: <b ng-bind="title"></b></p>
         <p>window.document title: <b ng-bind="windowTitle"></b></p>
       </div>
     </file>
     <file name="script.js">
       angular.module('documentExample', [])
         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', '$document', function($scope, $document) {
           $scope.title = $document[0].title;
           $scope.windowTitle = angular.element(window.document)[0].title;
         }]);
     </file>
   </example>
 */
function $DocumentProvider(){
  this.$get = ['$window', function(window){
    return jqLite(window.document);
  }];
}

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $exceptionHandler
 * @requires ng.$log
 *
 * @description
 * Any uncaught exception in angular expressions is delegated to this service.
 * The default implementation simply delegates to `$log.error` which logs it into
 * the browser console.
 *
 * In unit tests, if `angular-mocks.js` is loaded, this service is overridden by
 * {@link ngMock.$exceptionHandler mock $exceptionHandler} which aids in testing.
 *
 * ## Example:
 *
 * ```js
 *   angular.module('exceptionOverride', []).factory('$exceptionHandler', function () {
 *     return function (exception, cause) {
 *       exception.message += ' (caused by "' + cause + '")';
 *       throw exception;
 *     };
 *   });
 * ```
 *
 * This example will override the normal action of `$exceptionHandler`, to make angular
 * exceptions fail hard when they happen, instead of just logging to the console.
 *
 * @param {Error} exception Exception associated with the error.
 * @param {string=} cause optional information about the context in which
 *       the error was thrown.
 *
 */
function $ExceptionHandlerProvider() {
  this.$get = ['$log', function($log) {
    return function(exception, cause) {
      $log.error.apply($log, arguments);
    };
  }];
}

/**
 * Parse headers into key value object
 *
 * @param {string} headers Raw headers as a string
 * @returns {Object} Parsed headers as key value object
 */
function parseHeaders(headers) {
  var parsed = {}, key, val, i;

  if (!headers) return parsed;

  forEach(headers.split('\n'), function(line) {
    i = line.indexOf(':');
    key = lowercase(trim(line.substr(0, i)));
    val = trim(line.substr(i + 1));

    if (key) {
      parsed[key] = parsed[key] ? parsed[key] + ', ' + val : val;
    }
  });

  return parsed;
}


/**
 * Returns a function that provides access to parsed headers.
 *
 * Headers are lazy parsed when first requested.
 * @see parseHeaders
 *
 * @param {(string|Object)} headers Headers to provide access to.
 * @returns {function(string=)} Returns a getter function which if called with:
 *
 *   - if called with single an argument returns a single header value or null
 *   - if called with no arguments returns an object containing all headers.
 */
function headersGetter(headers) {
  var headersObj = isObject(headers) ? headers : undefined;

  return function(name) {
    if (!headersObj) headersObj =  parseHeaders(headers);

    if (name) {
      return headersObj[lowercase(name)] || null;
    }

    return headersObj;
  };
}


/**
 * Chain all given functions
 *
 * This function is used for both request and response transforming
 *
 * @param {*} data Data to transform.
 * @param {function(string=)} headers Http headers getter fn.
 * @param {(Function|Array.<Function>)} fns Function or an array of functions.
 * @returns {*} Transformed data.
 */
function transformData(data, headers, fns) {
  if (isFunction(fns))
    return fns(data, headers);

  forEach(fns, function(fn) {
    data = fn(data, headers);
  });

  return data;
}


function isSuccess(status) {
  return 200 <= status && status < 300;
}


/**
 * @ngdoc provider
 * @name $httpProvider
 * @description
 * Use `$httpProvider` to change the default behavior of the {@link ng.$http $http} service.
 * */
function $HttpProvider() {
  var JSON_START = /^\s*(\[|\{[^\{])/,
      JSON_END = /[\}\]]\s*$/,
      PROTECTION_PREFIX = /^\)\]\}',?\n/,
      CONTENT_TYPE_APPLICATION_JSON = {'Content-Type': 'application/json;charset=utf-8'};

  /**
   * @ngdoc property
   * @name $httpProvider#defaults
   * @description
   *
   * Object containing default values for all {@link ng.$http $http} requests.
   *
   * - **`defaults.xsrfCookieName`** - {string} - Name of cookie containing the XSRF token.
   * Defaults value is `'XSRF-TOKEN'`.
   *
   * - **`defaults.xsrfHeaderName`** - {string} - Name of HTTP header to populate with the
   * XSRF token. Defaults value is `'X-XSRF-TOKEN'`.
   *
   * - **`defaults.headers`** - {Object} - Default headers for all $http requests.
   * Refer to {@link ng.$http#setting-http-headers $http} for documentation on
   * setting default headers.
   *     - **`defaults.headers.common`**
   *     - **`defaults.headers.post`**
   *     - **`defaults.headers.put`**
   *     - **`defaults.headers.patch`**
   **/
  var defaults = this.defaults = {
    // transform incoming response data
    transformResponse: [function(data) {
      if (isString(data)) {
        // strip json vulnerability protection prefix
        data = data.replace(PROTECTION_PREFIX, '');
        if (JSON_START.test(data) && JSON_END.test(data))
          data = fromJson(data);
      }
      return data;
    }],

    // transform outgoing request data
    transformRequest: [function(d) {
      return isObject(d) && !isFile(d) && !isBlob(d) ? toJson(d) : d;
    }],

    // default headers
    headers: {
      common: {
        'Accept': 'application/json, text/plain, */*'
      },
      post:   shallowCopy(CONTENT_TYPE_APPLICATION_JSON),
      put:    shallowCopy(CONTENT_TYPE_APPLICATION_JSON),
      patch:  shallowCopy(CONTENT_TYPE_APPLICATION_JSON)
    },

    xsrfCookieName: 'XSRF-TOKEN',
    xsrfHeaderName: 'X-XSRF-TOKEN'
  };

  /**
   * Are ordered by request, i.e. they are applied in the same order as the
   * array, on request, but reverse order, on response.
   */
  var interceptorFactories = this.interceptors = [];

  this.$get = ['$httpBackend', '$browser', '$cacheFactory', '$rootScope', '$q', '$injector',
      function($httpBackend, $browser, $cacheFactory, $rootScope, $q, $injector) {

    var defaultCache = $cacheFactory('$http');

    /**
     * Interceptors stored in reverse order. Inner interceptors before outer interceptors.
     * The reversal is needed so that we can build up the interception chain around the
     * server request.
     */
    var reversedInterceptors = [];

    forEach(interceptorFactories, function(interceptorFactory) {
      reversedInterceptors.unshift(isString(interceptorFactory)
          ? $injector.get(interceptorFactory) : $injector.invoke(interceptorFactory));
    });

    /**
     * @ngdoc service
     * @kind function
     * @name $http
     * @requires ng.$httpBackend
     * @requires $cacheFactory
     * @requires $rootScope
     * @requires $q
     * @requires $injector
     *
     * @description
     * The `$http` service is a core Angular service that facilitates communication with the remote
     * HTTP servers via the browser's [XMLHttpRequest](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/xmlhttprequest)
     * object or via [JSONP](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSONP).
     *
     * For unit testing applications that use `$http` service, see
     * {@link ngMock.$httpBackend $httpBackend mock}.
     *
     * For a higher level of abstraction, please check out the {@link ngResource.$resource
     * $resource} service.
     *
     * The $http API is based on the {@link ng.$q deferred/promise APIs} exposed by
     * the $q service. While for simple usage patterns this doesn't matter much, for advanced usage
     * it is important to familiarize yourself with these APIs and the guarantees they provide.
     *
     *
     * # General usage
     * The `$http` service is a function which takes a single argument — a configuration object —
     * that is used to generate an HTTP request and returns  a {@link ng.$q promise}
     * with two $http specific methods: `success` and `error`.
     *
     * ```js
     *   $http({method: 'GET', url: '/someUrl'}).
     *     success(function(data, status, headers, config) {
     *       // this callback will be called asynchronously
     *       // when the response is available
     *     }).
     *     error(function(data, status, headers, config) {
     *       // called asynchronously if an error occurs
     *       // or server returns response with an error status.
     *     });
     * ```
     *
     * Since the returned value of calling the $http function is a `promise`, you can also use
     * the `then` method to register callbacks, and these callbacks will receive a single argument –
     * an object representing the response. See the API signature and type info below for more
     * details.
     *
     * A response status code between 200 and 299 is considered a success status and
     * will result in the success callback being called. Note that if the response is a redirect,
     * XMLHttpRequest will transparently follow it, meaning that the error callback will not be
     * called for such responses.
     *
     * # Writing Unit Tests that use $http
     * When unit testing (using {@link ngMock ngMock}), it is necessary to call
     * {@link ngMock.$httpBackend#flush $httpBackend.flush()} to flush each pending
     * request using trained responses.
     *
     * ```
     * $httpBackend.expectGET(...);
     * $http.get(...);
     * $httpBackend.flush();
     * ```
     *
     * # Shortcut methods
     *
     * Shortcut methods are also available. All shortcut methods require passing in the URL, and
     * request data must be passed in for POST/PUT requests.
     *
     * ```js
     *   $http.get('/someUrl').success(successCallback);
     *   $http.post('/someUrl', data).success(successCallback);
     * ```
     *
     * Complete list of shortcut methods:
     *
     * - {@link ng.$http#get $http.get}
     * - {@link ng.$http#head $http.head}
     * - {@link ng.$http#post $http.post}
     * - {@link ng.$http#put $http.put}
     * - {@link ng.$http#delete $http.delete}
     * - {@link ng.$http#jsonp $http.jsonp}
     *
     *
     * # Setting HTTP Headers
     *
     * The $http service will automatically add certain HTTP headers to all requests. These defaults
     * can be fully configured by accessing the `$httpProvider.defaults.headers` configuration
     * object, which currently contains this default configuration:
     *
     * - `$httpProvider.defaults.headers.common` (headers that are common for all requests):
     *   - `Accept: application/json, text/plain, * / *`
     * - `$httpProvider.defaults.headers.post`: (header defaults for POST requests)
     *   - `Content-Type: application/json`
     * - `$httpProvider.defaults.headers.put` (header defaults for PUT requests)
     *   - `Content-Type: application/json`
     *
     * To add or overwrite these defaults, simply add or remove a property from these configuration
     * objects. To add headers for an HTTP method other than POST or PUT, simply add a new object
     * with the lowercased HTTP method name as the key, e.g.
     * `$httpProvider.defaults.headers.get = { 'My-Header' : 'value' }.
     *
     * The defaults can also be set at runtime via the `$http.defaults` object in the same
     * fashion. For example:
     *
     * ```
     * module.run(function($http) {
     *   $http.defaults.headers.common.Authorization = 'Basic YmVlcDpib29w'
     * });
     * ```
     *
     * In addition, you can supply a `headers` property in the config object passed when
     * calling `$http(config)`, which overrides the defaults without changing them globally.
     *
     *
     * # Transforming Requests and Responses
     *
     * Both requests and responses can be transformed using transform functions. By default, Angular
     * applies these transformations:
     *
     * Request transformations:
     *
     * - If the `data` property of the request configuration object contains an object, serialize it
     *   into JSON format.
     *
     * Response transformations:
     *
     *  - If XSRF prefix is detected, strip it (see Security Considerations section below).
     *  - If JSON response is detected, deserialize it using a JSON parser.
     *
     * To globally augment or override the default transforms, modify the
     * `$httpProvider.defaults.transformRequest` and `$httpProvider.defaults.transformResponse`
     * properties. These properties are by default an array of transform functions, which allows you
     * to `push` or `unshift` a new transformation function into the transformation chain. You can
     * also decide to completely override any default transformations by assigning your
     * transformation functions to these properties directly without the array wrapper.  These defaults
     * are again available on the $http factory at run-time, which may be useful if you have run-time
     * services you wish to be involved in your transformations.
     *
     * Similarly, to locally override the request/response transforms, augment the
     * `transformRequest` and/or `transformResponse` properties of the configuration object passed
     * into `$http`.
     *
     *
     * # Caching
     *
     * To enable caching, set the request configuration `cache` property to `true` (to use default
     * cache) or to a custom cache object (built with {@link ng.$cacheFactory `$cacheFactory`}).
     * When the cache is enabled, `$http` stores the response from the server in the specified
     * cache. The next time the same request is made, the response is served from the cache without
     * sending a request to the server.
     *
     * Note that even if the response is served from cache, delivery of the data is asynchronous in
     * the same way that real requests are.
     *
     * If there are multiple GET requests for the same URL that should be cached using the same
     * cache, but the cache is not populated yet, only one request to the server will be made and
     * the remaining requests will be fulfilled using the response from the first request.
     *
     * You can change the default cache to a new object (built with
     * {@link ng.$cacheFactory `$cacheFactory`}) by updating the
     * {@link ng.$http#properties_defaults `$http.defaults.cache`} property. All requests who set
     * their `cache` property to `true` will now use this cache object.
     *
     * If you set the default cache to `false` then only requests that specify their own custom
     * cache object will be cached.
     *
     * # Interceptors
     *
     * Before you start creating interceptors, be sure to understand the
     * {@link ng.$q $q and deferred/promise APIs}.
     *
     * For purposes of global error handling, authentication, or any kind of synchronous or
     * asynchronous pre-processing of request or postprocessing of responses, it is desirable to be
     * able to intercept requests before they are handed to the server and
     * responses before they are handed over to the application code that
     * initiated these requests. The interceptors leverage the {@link ng.$q
     * promise APIs} to fulfill this need for both synchronous and asynchronous pre-processing.
     *
     * The interceptors are service factories that are registered with the `$httpProvider` by
     * adding them to the `$httpProvider.interceptors` array. The factory is called and
     * injected with dependencies (if specified) and returns the interceptor.
     *
     * There are two kinds of interceptors (and two kinds of rejection interceptors):
     *
     *   * `request`: interceptors get called with a http `config` object. The function is free to
     *     modify the `config` object or create a new one. The function needs to return the `config`
     *     object directly, or a promise containing the `config` or a new `config` object.
     *   * `requestError`: interceptor gets called when a previous interceptor threw an error or
     *     resolved with a rejection.
     *   * `response`: interceptors get called with http `response` object. The function is free to
     *     modify the `response` object or create a new one. The function needs to return the `response`
     *     object directly, or as a promise containing the `response` or a new `response` object.
     *   * `responseError`: interceptor gets called when a previous interceptor threw an error or
     *     resolved with a rejection.
     *
     *
     * ```js
     *   // register the interceptor as a service
     *   $provide.factory('myHttpInterceptor', function($q, dependency1, dependency2) {
     *     return {
     *       // optional method
     *       'request': function(config) {
     *         // do something on success
     *         return config;
     *       },
     *
     *       // optional method
     *      'requestError': function(rejection) {
     *         // do something on error
     *         if (canRecover(rejection)) {
     *           return responseOrNewPromise
     *         }
     *         return $q.reject(rejection);
     *       },
     *
     *
     *
     *       // optional method
     *       'response': function(response) {
     *         // do something on success
     *         return response;
     *       },
     *
     *       // optional method
     *      'responseError': function(rejection) {
     *         // do something on error
     *         if (canRecover(rejection)) {
     *           return responseOrNewPromise
     *         }
     *         return $q.reject(rejection);
     *       }
     *     };
     *   });
     *
     *   $httpProvider.interceptors.push('myHttpInterceptor');
     *
     *
     *   // alternatively, register the interceptor via an anonymous factory
     *   $httpProvider.interceptors.push(function($q, dependency1, dependency2) {
     *     return {
     *      'request': function(config) {
     *          // same as above
     *       },
     *
     *       'response': function(response) {
     *          // same as above
     *       }
     *     };
     *   });
     * ```
     *
     * # Security Considerations
     *
     * When designing web applications, consider security threats from:
     *
     * - [JSON vulnerability](http://haacked.com/archive/2008/11/20/anatomy-of-a-subtle-json-vulnerability.aspx)
     * - [XSRF](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_request_forgery)
     *
     * Both server and the client must cooperate in order to eliminate these threats. Angular comes
     * pre-configured with strategies that address these issues, but for this to work backend server
     * cooperation is required.
     *
     * ## JSON Vulnerability Protection
     *
     * A [JSON vulnerability](http://haacked.com/archive/2008/11/20/anatomy-of-a-subtle-json-vulnerability.aspx)
     * allows third party website to turn your JSON resource URL into
     * [JSONP](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/JSONP) request under some conditions. To
     * counter this your server can prefix all JSON requests with following string `")]}',\n"`.
     * Angular will automatically strip the prefix before processing it as JSON.
     *
     * For example if your server needs to return:
     * ```js
     * ['one','two']
     * ```
     *
     * which is vulnerable to attack, your server can return:
     * ```js
     * )]}',
     * ['one','two']
     * ```
     *
     * Angular will strip the prefix, before processing the JSON.
     *
     *
     * ## Cross Site Request Forgery (XSRF) Protection
     *
     * [XSRF](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Cross-site_request_forgery) is a technique by which
     * an unauthorized site can gain your user's private data. Angular provides a mechanism
     * to counter XSRF. When performing XHR requests, the $http service reads a token from a cookie
     * (by default, `XSRF-TOKEN`) and sets it as an HTTP header (`X-XSRF-TOKEN`). Since only
     * JavaScript that runs on your domain could read the cookie, your server can be assured that
     * the XHR came from JavaScript running on your domain. The header will not be set for
     * cross-domain requests.
     *
     * To take advantage of this, your server needs to set a token in a JavaScript readable session
     * cookie called `XSRF-TOKEN` on the first HTTP GET request. On subsequent XHR requests the
     * server can verify that the cookie matches `X-XSRF-TOKEN` HTTP header, and therefore be sure
     * that only JavaScript running on your domain could have sent the request. The token must be
     * unique for each user and must be verifiable by the server (to prevent the JavaScript from
     * making up its own tokens). We recommend that the token is a digest of your site's
     * authentication cookie with a [salt](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salt_(cryptography))
     * for added security.
     *
     * The name of the headers can be specified using the xsrfHeaderName and xsrfCookieName
     * properties of either $httpProvider.defaults at config-time, $http.defaults at run-time,
     * or the per-request config object.
     *
     *
     * @param {object} config Object describing the request to be made and how it should be
     *    processed. The object has following properties:
     *
     *    - **method** – `{string}` – HTTP method (e.g. 'GET', 'POST', etc)
     *    - **url** – `{string}` – Absolute or relative URL of the resource that is being requested.
     *    - **params** – `{Object.<string|Object>}` – Map of strings or objects which will be turned
     *      to `?key1=value1&key2=value2` after the url. If the value is not a string, it will be
     *      JSONified.
     *    - **data** – `{string|Object}` – Data to be sent as the request message data.
     *    - **headers** – `{Object}` – Map of strings or functions which return strings representing
     *      HTTP headers to send to the server. If the return value of a function is null, the
     *      header will not be sent.
     *    - **xsrfHeaderName** – `{string}` – Name of HTTP header to populate with the XSRF token.
     *    - **xsrfCookieName** – `{string}` – Name of cookie containing the XSRF token.
     *    - **transformRequest** –
     *      `{function(data, headersGetter)|Array.<function(data, headersGetter)>}` –
     *      transform function or an array of such functions. The transform function takes the http
     *      request body and headers and returns its transformed (typically serialized) version.
     *    - **transformResponse** –
     *      `{function(data, headersGetter)|Array.<function(data, headersGetter)>}` –
     *      transform function or an array of such functions. The transform function takes the http
     *      response body and headers and returns its transformed (typically deserialized) version.
     *    - **cache** – `{boolean|Cache}` – If true, a default $http cache will be used to cache the
     *      GET request, otherwise if a cache instance built with
     *      {@link ng.$cacheFactory $cacheFactory}, this cache will be used for
     *      caching.
     *    - **timeout** – `{number|Promise}` – timeout in milliseconds, or {@link ng.$q promise}
     *      that should abort the request when resolved.
     *    - **withCredentials** - `{boolean}` - whether to set the `withCredentials` flag on the
     *      XHR object. See [requests with credentials]https://developer.mozilla.org/en/http_access_control#section_5
     *      for more information.
     *    - **responseType** - `{string}` - see
     *      [requestType](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/DOM/XMLHttpRequest#responseType).
     *
     * @returns {HttpPromise} Returns a {@link ng.$q promise} object with the
     *   standard `then` method and two http specific methods: `success` and `error`. The `then`
     *   method takes two arguments a success and an error callback which will be called with a
     *   response object. The `success` and `error` methods take a single argument - a function that
     *   will be called when the request succeeds or fails respectively. The arguments passed into
     *   these functions are destructured representation of the response object passed into the
     *   `then` method. The response object has these properties:
     *
     *   - **data** – `{string|Object}` – The response body transformed with the transform
     *     functions.
     *   - **status** – `{number}` – HTTP status code of the response.
     *   - **headers** – `{function([headerName])}` – Header getter function.
     *   - **config** – `{Object}` – The configuration object that was used to generate the request.
     *   - **statusText** – `{string}` – HTTP status text of the response.
     *
     * @property {Array.<Object>} pendingRequests Array of config objects for currently pending
     *   requests. This is primarily meant to be used for debugging purposes.
     *
     *
     * @example
<example module="httpExample">
<file name="index.html">
  <div ng-controller="FetchController">
    <select ng-model="method">
      <option>GET</option>
      <option>JSONP</option>
    </select>
    <input type="text" ng-model="url" size="80"/>
    <button id="fetchbtn" ng-click="fetch()">fetch</button><br>
    <button id="samplegetbtn" ng-click="updateModel('GET', 'http-hello.html')">Sample GET</button>
    <button id="samplejsonpbtn"
      ng-click="updateModel('JSONP',
                    'https://angularjs.org/greet.php?callback=JSON_CALLBACK&name=Super%20Hero')">
      Sample JSONP
    </button>
    <button id="invalidjsonpbtn"
      ng-click="updateModel('JSONP', 'https://angularjs.org/doesntexist&callback=JSON_CALLBACK')">
        Invalid JSONP
      </button>
    <pre>http status code: {{status}}</pre>
    <pre>http response data: {{data}}</pre>
  </div>
</file>
<file name="script.js">
  angular.module('httpExample', [])
    .controller('FetchController', ['$scope', '$http', '$templateCache',
      function($scope, $http, $templateCache) {
        $scope.method = 'GET';
        $scope.url = 'http-hello.html';

        $scope.fetch = function() {
          $scope.code = null;
          $scope.response = null;

          $http({method: $scope.method, url: $scope.url, cache: $templateCache}).
            success(function(data, status) {
              $scope.status = status;
              $scope.data = data;
            }).
            error(function(data, status) {
              $scope.data = data || "Request failed";
              $scope.status = status;
          });
        };

        $scope.updateModel = function(method, url) {
          $scope.method = method;
          $scope.url = url;
        };
      }]);
</file>
<file name="http-hello.html">
  Hello, $http!
</file>
<file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
  var status = element(by.binding('status'));
  var data = element(by.binding('data'));
  var fetchBtn = element(by.id('fetchbtn'));
  var sampleGetBtn = element(by.id('samplegetbtn'));
  var sampleJsonpBtn = element(by.id('samplejsonpbtn'));
  var invalidJsonpBtn = element(by.id('invalidjsonpbtn'));

  it('should make an xhr GET request', function() {
    sampleGetBtn.click();
    fetchBtn.click();
    expect(status.getText()).toMatch('200');
    expect(data.getText()).toMatch(/Hello, \$http!/);
  });

  it('should make a JSONP request to angularjs.org', function() {
    sampleJsonpBtn.click();
    fetchBtn.click();
    expect(status.getText()).toMatch('200');
    expect(data.getText()).toMatch(/Super Hero!/);
  });

  it('should make JSONP request to invalid URL and invoke the error handler',
      function() {
    invalidJsonpBtn.click();
    fetchBtn.click();
    expect(status.getText()).toMatch('0');
    expect(data.getText()).toMatch('Request failed');
  });
</file>
</example>
     */
    function $http(requestConfig) {
      var config = {
        method: 'get',
        transformRequest: defaults.transformRequest,
        transformResponse: defaults.transformResponse
      };
      var headers = mergeHeaders(requestConfig);

      extend(config, requestConfig);
      config.headers = headers;
      config.method = uppercase(config.method);

      var serverRequest = function(config) {
        headers = config.headers;
        var reqData = transformData(config.data, headersGetter(headers), config.transformRequest);

        // strip content-type if data is undefined
        if (isUndefined(reqData)) {
          forEach(headers, function(value, header) {
            if (lowercase(header) === 'content-type') {
                delete headers[header];
            }
          });
        }

        if (isUndefined(config.withCredentials) && !isUndefined(defaults.withCredentials)) {
          config.withCredentials = defaults.withCredentials;
        }

        // send request
        return sendReq(config, reqData, headers).then(transformResponse, transformResponse);
      };

      var chain = [serverRequest, undefined];
      var promise = $q.when(config);

      // apply interceptors
      forEach(reversedInterceptors, function(interceptor) {
        if (interceptor.request || interceptor.requestError) {
          chain.unshift(interceptor.request, interceptor.requestError);
        }
        if (interceptor.response || interceptor.responseError) {
          chain.push(interceptor.response, interceptor.responseError);
        }
      });

      while(chain.length) {
        var thenFn = chain.shift();
        var rejectFn = chain.shift();

        promise = promise.then(thenFn, rejectFn);
      }

      promise.success = function(fn) {
        promise.then(function(response) {
          fn(response.data, response.status, response.headers, config);
        });
        return promise;
      };

      promise.error = function(fn) {
        promise.then(null, function(response) {
          fn(response.data, response.status, response.headers, config);
        });
        return promise;
      };

      return promise;

      function transformResponse(response) {
        // make a copy since the response must be cacheable
        var resp = extend({}, response, {
          data: transformData(response.data, response.headers, config.transformResponse)
        });
        return (isSuccess(response.status))
          ? resp
          : $q.reject(resp);
      }

      function mergeHeaders(config) {
        var defHeaders = defaults.headers,
            reqHeaders = extend({}, config.headers),
            defHeaderName, lowercaseDefHeaderName, reqHeaderName;

        defHeaders = extend({}, defHeaders.common, defHeaders[lowercase(config.method)]);

        // using for-in instead of forEach to avoid unecessary iteration after header has been found
        defaultHeadersIteration:
        for (defHeaderName in defHeaders) {
          lowercaseDefHeaderName = lowercase(defHeaderName);

          for (reqHeaderName in reqHeaders) {
            if (lowercase(reqHeaderName) === lowercaseDefHeaderName) {
              continue defaultHeadersIteration;
            }
          }

          reqHeaders[defHeaderName] = defHeaders[defHeaderName];
        }

        // execute if header value is a function for merged headers
        execHeaders(reqHeaders);
        return reqHeaders;

        function execHeaders(headers) {
          var headerContent;

          forEach(headers, function(headerFn, header) {
            if (isFunction(headerFn)) {
              headerContent = headerFn();
              if (headerContent != null) {
                headers[header] = headerContent;
              } else {
                delete headers[header];
              }
            }
          });
        }
      }
    }

    $http.pendingRequests = [];

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $http#get
     *
     * @description
     * Shortcut method to perform `GET` request.
     *
     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $http#delete
     *
     * @description
     * Shortcut method to perform `DELETE` request.
     *
     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $http#head
     *
     * @description
     * Shortcut method to perform `HEAD` request.
     *
     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $http#jsonp
     *
     * @description
     * Shortcut method to perform `JSONP` request.
     *
     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request.
     *                     The name of the callback should be the string `JSON_CALLBACK`.
     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
     */
    createShortMethods('get', 'delete', 'head', 'jsonp');

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $http#post
     *
     * @description
     * Shortcut method to perform `POST` request.
     *
     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
     * @param {*} data Request content
     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $http#put
     *
     * @description
     * Shortcut method to perform `PUT` request.
     *
     * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
     * @param {*} data Request content
     * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
     * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
     */

     /**
      * @ngdoc method
      * @name $http#patch
      *
      * @description
      * Shortcut method to perform `PATCH` request.
      *
      * @param {string} url Relative or absolute URL specifying the destination of the request
      * @param {*} data Request content
      * @param {Object=} config Optional configuration object
      * @returns {HttpPromise} Future object
      */
    createShortMethodsWithData('post', 'put', 'patch');

        /**
         * @ngdoc property
         * @name $http#defaults
         *
         * @description
         * Runtime equivalent of the `$httpProvider.defaults` property. Allows configuration of
         * default headers, withCredentials as well as request and response transformations.
         *
         * See "Setting HTTP Headers" and "Transforming Requests and Responses" sections above.
         */
    $http.defaults = defaults;


    return $http;


    function createShortMethods(names) {
      forEach(arguments, function(name) {
        $http[name] = function(url, config) {
          return $http(extend(config || {}, {
            method: name,
            url: url
          }));
        };
      });
    }


    function createShortMethodsWithData(name) {
      forEach(arguments, function(name) {
        $http[name] = function(url, data, config) {
          return $http(extend(config || {}, {
            method: name,
            url: url,
            data: data
          }));
        };
      });
    }


    /**
     * Makes the request.
     *
     * !!! ACCESSES CLOSURE VARS:
     * $httpBackend, defaults, $log, $rootScope, defaultCache, $http.pendingRequests
     */
    function sendReq(config, reqData, reqHeaders) {
      var deferred = $q.defer(),
          promise = deferred.promise,
          cache,
          cachedResp,
          url = buildUrl(config.url, config.params);

      $http.pendingRequests.push(config);
      promise.then(removePendingReq, removePendingReq);


      if ((config.cache || defaults.cache) && config.cache !== false && config.method == 'GET') {
        cache = isObject(config.cache) ? config.cache
              : isObject(defaults.cache) ? defaults.cache
              : defaultCache;
      }

      if (cache) {
        cachedResp = cache.get(url);
        if (isDefined(cachedResp)) {
          if (isPromiseLike(cachedResp)) {
            // cached request has already been sent, but there is no response yet
            cachedResp.then(removePendingReq, removePendingReq);
            return cachedResp;
          } else {
            // serving from cache
            if (isArray(cachedResp)) {
              resolvePromise(cachedResp[1], cachedResp[0], shallowCopy(cachedResp[2]), cachedResp[3]);
            } else {
              resolvePromise(cachedResp, 200, {}, 'OK');
            }
          }
        } else {
          // put the promise for the non-transformed response into cache as a placeholder
          cache.put(url, promise);
        }
      }


      // if we won't have the response in cache, set the xsrf headers and
      // send the request to the backend
      if (isUndefined(cachedResp)) {
        var xsrfValue = urlIsSameOrigin(config.url)
            ? $browser.cookies()[config.xsrfCookieName || defaults.xsrfCookieName]
            : undefined;
        if (xsrfValue) {
          reqHeaders[(config.xsrfHeaderName || defaults.xsrfHeaderName)] = xsrfValue;
        }

        $httpBackend(config.method, url, reqData, done, reqHeaders, config.timeout,
            config.withCredentials, config.responseType);
      }

      return promise;


      /**
       * Callback registered to $httpBackend():
       *  - caches the response if desired
       *  - resolves the raw $http promise
       *  - calls $apply
       */
      function done(status, response, headersString, statusText) {
        if (cache) {
          if (isSuccess(status)) {
            cache.put(url, [status, response, parseHeaders(headersString), statusText]);
          } else {
            // remove promise from the cache
            cache.remove(url);
          }
        }

        resolvePromise(response, status, headersString, statusText);
        if (!$rootScope.$$phase) $rootScope.$apply();
      }


      /**
       * Resolves the raw $http promise.
       */
      function resolvePromise(response, status, headers, statusText) {
        // normalize internal statuses to 0
        status = Math.max(status, 0);

        (isSuccess(status) ? deferred.resolve : deferred.reject)({
          data: response,
          status: status,
          headers: headersGetter(headers),
          config: config,
          statusText : statusText
        });
      }


      function removePendingReq() {
        var idx = indexOf($http.pendingRequests, config);
        if (idx !== -1) $http.pendingRequests.splice(idx, 1);
      }
    }


    function buildUrl(url, params) {
      if (!params) return url;
      var parts = [];
      forEachSorted(params, function(value, key) {
        if (value === null || isUndefined(value)) return;
        if (!isArray(value)) value = [value];

        forEach(value, function(v) {
          if (isObject(v)) {
            if (isDate(v)){
              v = v.toISOString();
            } else if (isObject(v)) {
              v = toJson(v);
            }
          }
          parts.push(encodeUriQuery(key) + '=' +
                     encodeUriQuery(v));
        });
      });
      if(parts.length > 0) {
        url += ((url.indexOf('?') == -1) ? '?' : '&') + parts.join('&');
      }
      return url;
    }
  }];
}

function createXhr(method) {
    //if IE and the method is not RFC2616 compliant, or if XMLHttpRequest
    //is not available, try getting an ActiveXObject. Otherwise, use XMLHttpRequest
    //if it is available
    if (msie <= 8 && (!method.match(/^(get|post|head|put|delete|options)$/i) ||
      !window.XMLHttpRequest)) {
      return new window.ActiveXObject("Microsoft.XMLHTTP");
    } else if (window.XMLHttpRequest) {
      return new window.XMLHttpRequest();
    }

    throw minErr('$httpBackend')('noxhr', "This browser does not support XMLHttpRequest.");
}

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $httpBackend
 * @requires $window
 * @requires $document
 *
 * @description
 * HTTP backend used by the {@link ng.$http service} that delegates to
 * XMLHttpRequest object or JSONP and deals with browser incompatibilities.
 *
 * You should never need to use this service directly, instead use the higher-level abstractions:
 * {@link ng.$http $http} or {@link ngResource.$resource $resource}.
 *
 * During testing this implementation is swapped with {@link ngMock.$httpBackend mock
 * $httpBackend} which can be trained with responses.
 */
function $HttpBackendProvider() {
  this.$get = ['$browser', '$window', '$document', function($browser, $window, $document) {
    return createHttpBackend($browser, createXhr, $browser.defer, $window.angular.callbacks, $document[0]);
  }];
}

function createHttpBackend($browser, createXhr, $browserDefer, callbacks, rawDocument) {
  var ABORTED = -1;

  // TODO(vojta): fix the signature
  return function(method, url, post, callback, headers, timeout, withCredentials, responseType) {
    var status;
    $browser.$$incOutstandingRequestCount();
    url = url || $browser.url();

    if (lowercase(method) == 'jsonp') {
      var callbackId = '_' + (callbacks.counter++).toString(36);
      callbacks[callbackId] = function(data) {
        callbacks[callbackId].data = data;
        callbacks[callbackId].called = true;
      };

      var jsonpDone = jsonpReq(url.replace('JSON_CALLBACK', 'angular.callbacks.' + callbackId),
          callbackId, function(status, text) {
        completeRequest(callback, status, callbacks[callbackId].data, "", text);
        callbacks[callbackId] = noop;
      });
    } else {

      var xhr = createXhr(method);

      xhr.open(method, url, true);
      forEach(headers, function(value, key) {
        if (isDefined(value)) {
            xhr.setRequestHeader(key, value);
        }
      });

      // In IE6 and 7, this might be called synchronously when xhr.send below is called and the
      // response is in the cache. the promise api will ensure that to the app code the api is
      // always async
      xhr.onreadystatechange = function() {
        // onreadystatechange might get called multiple times with readyState === 4 on mobile webkit caused by
        // xhrs that are resolved while the app is in the background (see #5426).
        // since calling completeRequest sets the `xhr` variable to null, we just check if it's not null before
        // continuing
        //
        // we can't set xhr.onreadystatechange to undefined or delete it because that breaks IE8 (method=PATCH) and
        // Safari respectively.
        if (xhr && xhr.readyState == 4) {
          var responseHeaders = null,
              response = null,
              statusText = '';

          if(status !== ABORTED) {
            responseHeaders = xhr.getAllResponseHeaders();

            // responseText is the old-school way of retrieving response (supported by IE8 & 9)
            // response/responseType properties were introduced in XHR Level2 spec (supported by IE10)
            response = ('response' in xhr) ? xhr.response : xhr.responseText;
          }

          // Accessing statusText on an aborted xhr object will
          // throw an 'c00c023f error' in IE9 and lower, don't touch it.
          if (!(status === ABORTED && msie < 10)) {
            statusText = xhr.statusText;
          }

          completeRequest(callback,
              status || xhr.status,
              response,
              responseHeaders,
              statusText);
        }
      };

      if (withCredentials) {
        xhr.withCredentials = true;
      }

      if (responseType) {
        try {
          xhr.responseType = responseType;
        } catch (e) {
          // WebKit added support for the json responseType value on 09/03/2013
          // https://bugs.webkit.org/show_bug.cgi?id=73648. Versions of Safari prior to 7 are
          // known to throw when setting the value "json" as the response type. Other older
          // browsers implementing the responseType
          //
          // The json response type can be ignored if not supported, because JSON payloads are
          // parsed on the client-side regardless.
          if (responseType !== 'json') {
            throw e;
          }
        }
      }

      xhr.send(post || null);
    }

    if (timeout > 0) {
      var timeoutId = $browserDefer(timeoutRequest, timeout);
    } else if (isPromiseLike(timeout)) {
      timeout.then(timeoutRequest);
    }


    function timeoutRequest() {
      status = ABORTED;
      jsonpDone && jsonpDone();
      xhr && xhr.abort();
    }

    function completeRequest(callback, status, response, headersString, statusText) {
      // cancel timeout and subsequent timeout promise resolution
      timeoutId && $browserDefer.cancel(timeoutId);
      jsonpDone = xhr = null;

      // fix status code when it is 0 (0 status is undocumented).
      // Occurs when accessing file resources or on Android 4.1 stock browser
      // while retrieving files from application cache.
      if (status === 0) {
        status = response ? 200 : urlResolve(url).protocol == 'file' ? 404 : 0;
      }

      // normalize IE bug (http://bugs.jquery.com/ticket/1450)
      status = status === 1223 ? 204 : status;
      statusText = statusText || '';

      callback(status, response, headersString, statusText);
      $browser.$$completeOutstandingRequest(noop);
    }
  };

  function jsonpReq(url, callbackId, done) {
    // we can't use jQuery/jqLite here because jQuery does crazy shit with script elements, e.g.:
    // - fetches local scripts via XHR and evals them
    // - adds and immediately removes script elements from the document
    var script = rawDocument.createElement('script'), callback = null;
    script.type = "text/javascript";
    script.src = url;
    script.async = true;

    callback = function(event) {
      removeEventListenerFn(script, "load", callback);
      removeEventListenerFn(script, "error", callback);
      rawDocument.body.removeChild(script);
      script = null;
      var status = -1;
      var text = "unknown";

      if (event) {
        if (event.type === "load" && !callbacks[callbackId].called) {
          event = { type: "error" };
        }
        text = event.type;
        status = event.type === "error" ? 404 : 200;
      }

      if (done) {
        done(status, text);
      }
    };

    addEventListenerFn(script, "load", callback);
    addEventListenerFn(script, "error", callback);
    rawDocument.body.appendChild(script);
    return callback;
  }
}

var $interpolateMinErr = minErr('$interpolate');

/**
 * @ngdoc provider
 * @name $interpolateProvider
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 *
 * Used for configuring the interpolation markup. Defaults to `{{` and `}}`.
 *
 * @example
<example module="customInterpolationApp">
<file name="index.html">
<script>
  var customInterpolationApp = angular.module('customInterpolationApp', []);

  customInterpolationApp.config(function($interpolateProvider) {
    $interpolateProvider.startSymbol('//');
    $interpolateProvider.endSymbol('//');
  });


  customInterpolationApp.controller('DemoController', function() {
      this.label = "This binding is brought you by // interpolation symbols.";
  });
</script>
<div ng-app="App" ng-controller="DemoController as demo">
    //demo.label//
</div>
</file>
<file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
  it('should interpolate binding with custom symbols', function() {
    expect(element(by.binding('demo.label')).getText()).toBe('This binding is brought you by // interpolation symbols.');
  });
</file>
</example>
 */
function $InterpolateProvider() {
  var startSymbol = '{{';
  var endSymbol = '}}';

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $interpolateProvider#startSymbol
   * @description
   * Symbol to denote start of expression in the interpolated string. Defaults to `{{`.
   *
   * @param {string=} value new value to set the starting symbol to.
   * @returns {string|self} Returns the symbol when used as getter and self if used as setter.
   */
  this.startSymbol = function(value){
    if (value) {
      startSymbol = value;
      return this;
    } else {
      return startSymbol;
    }
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $interpolateProvider#endSymbol
   * @description
   * Symbol to denote the end of expression in the interpolated string. Defaults to `}}`.
   *
   * @param {string=} value new value to set the ending symbol to.
   * @returns {string|self} Returns the symbol when used as getter and self if used as setter.
   */
  this.endSymbol = function(value){
    if (value) {
      endSymbol = value;
      return this;
    } else {
      return endSymbol;
    }
  };


  this.$get = ['$parse', '$exceptionHandler', '$sce', function($parse, $exceptionHandler, $sce) {
    var startSymbolLength = startSymbol.length,
        endSymbolLength = endSymbol.length,
        escapedStartRegexp = new RegExp(startSymbol.replace(/./g, escape), 'g'),
        escapedEndRegexp = new RegExp(endSymbol.replace(/./g, escape), 'g');

    function escape(ch) {
      return '\\\\\\' + ch;
    }

    /**
     * @ngdoc service
     * @name $interpolate
     * @kind function
     *
     * @requires $parse
     * @requires $sce
     *
     * @description
     *
     * Compiles a string with markup into an interpolation function. This service is used by the
     * HTML {@link ng.$compile $compile} service for data binding. See
     * {@link ng.$interpolateProvider $interpolateProvider} for configuring the
     * interpolation markup.
     *
     *
     * ```js
     *   var $interpolate = ...; // injected
     *   var exp = $interpolate('Hello {{name | uppercase}}!');
     *   expect(exp({name:'Angular'}).toEqual('Hello ANGULAR!');
     * ```
     *
     * `$interpolate` takes an optional fourth argument, `allOrNothing`. If `allOrNothing` is
     * `true`, the interpolation function will return `undefined` unless all embedded expressions
     * evaluate to a value other than `undefined`.
     *
     * ```js
     *   var $interpolate = ...; // injected
     *   var context = {greeting: 'Hello', name: undefined };
     *
     *   // default "forgiving" mode
     *   var exp = $interpolate('{{greeting}} {{name}}!');
     *   expect(exp(context)).toEqual('Hello !');
     *
     *   // "allOrNothing" mode
     *   exp = $interpolate('{{greeting}} {{name}}!', false, null, true);
     *   expect(exp(context)).toBeUndefined();
     *   context.name = 'Angular';
     *   expect(exp(context)).toEqual('Hello Angular!');
     * ```
     *
     * `allOrNothing` is useful for interpolating URLs. `ngSrc` and `ngSrcset` use this behavior.
     *
     * ####Escaped Interpolation
     * $interpolate provides a mechanism for escaping interpolation markers. Start and end markers
     * can be escaped by preceding each of their characters with a REVERSE SOLIDUS U+005C (backslash).
     * It will be rendered as a regular start/end marker, and will not be interpreted as an expression
     * or binding.
     *
     * This enables web-servers to prevent script injection attacks and defacing attacks, to some
     * degree, while also enabling code examples to work without relying on the
     * {@link ng.directive:ngNonBindable ngNonBindable} directive.
     *
     * **For security purposes, it is strongly encouraged that web servers escape user-supplied data,
     * replacing angle brackets (&lt;, &gt;) with &amp;lt; and &amp;gt; respectively, and replacing all
     * interpolation start/end markers with their escaped counterparts.**
     *
     * Escaped interpolation markers are only replaced with the actual interpolation markers in rendered
     * output when the $interpolate service processes the text. So, for HTML elements interpolated
     * by {@link ng.$compile $compile}, or otherwise interpolated with the `mustHaveExpression` parameter
     * set to `true`, the interpolated text must contain an unescaped interpolation expression. As such,
     * this is typically useful only when user-data is used in rendering a template from the server, or
     * when otherwise untrusted data is used by a directive.
     *
     * <example>
     *  <file name="index.html">
     *    <div ng-init="username='A user'">
     *      <p ng-init="apptitle='Escaping demo'">{{apptitle}}: \{\{ username = "defaced value"; \}\}
     *        </p>
     *      <p><strong>{{username}}</strong> attempts to inject code which will deface the
     *        application, but fails to accomplish their task, because the server has correctly
     *        escaped the interpolation start/end markers with REVERSE SOLIDUS U+005C (backslash)
     *        characters.</p>
     *      <p>Instead, the result of the attempted script injection is visible, and can be removed
     *        from the database by an administrator.</p>
     *    </div>
     *  </file>
     * </example>
     *
     * @param {string} text The text with markup to interpolate.
     * @param {boolean=} mustHaveExpression if set to true then the interpolation string must have
     *    embedded expression in order to return an interpolation function. Strings with no
     *    embedded expression will return null for the interpolation function.
     * @param {string=} trustedContext when provided, the returned function passes the interpolated
     *    result through {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted $sce.getTrusted(interpolatedResult,
     *    trustedContext)} before returning it.  Refer to the {@link ng.$sce $sce} service that
     *    provides Strict Contextual Escaping for details.
     * @param {boolean=} allOrNothing if `true`, then the returned function returns undefined
     *    unless all embedded expressions evaluate to a value other than `undefined`.
     * @returns {function(context)} an interpolation function which is used to compute the
     *    interpolated string. The function has these parameters:
     *
     * - `context`: evaluation context for all expressions embedded in the interpolated text
     */
    function $interpolate(text, mustHaveExpression, trustedContext, allOrNothing) {
      allOrNothing = !!allOrNothing;
      var startIndex,
          endIndex,
          index = 0,
          separators = [],
          expressions = [],
          parseFns = [],
          textLength = text.length,
          hasInterpolation = false,
          hasText = false,
          exp,
          concat = [];

      while(index < textLength) {
        if ( ((startIndex = text.indexOf(startSymbol, index)) != -1) &&
             ((endIndex = text.indexOf(endSymbol, startIndex + startSymbolLength)) != -1) ) {
          if (index !== startIndex) hasText = true;
          separators.push(text.substring(index, startIndex));
          exp = text.substring(startIndex + startSymbolLength, endIndex);
          expressions.push(exp);
          parseFns.push($parse(exp, parseStringifyInterceptor));
          index = endIndex + endSymbolLength;
          hasInterpolation = true;
        } else {
          // we did not find an interpolation, so we have to add the remainder to the separators array
          if (index !== textLength) {
            hasText = true;
            separators.push(text.substring(index));
          }
          break;
        }
      }

      forEach(separators, function(key, i) {
        separators[i] = separators[i].
          replace(escapedStartRegexp, startSymbol).
          replace(escapedEndRegexp, endSymbol);
      });

      if (separators.length === expressions.length) {
        separators.push('');
      }

      // Concatenating expressions makes it hard to reason about whether some combination of
      // concatenated values are unsafe to use and could easily lead to XSS.  By requiring that a
      // single expression be used for iframe[src], object[src], etc., we ensure that the value
      // that's used is assigned or constructed by some JS code somewhere that is more testable or
      // make it obvious that you bound the value to some user controlled value.  This helps reduce
      // the load when auditing for XSS issues.
      if (trustedContext && hasInterpolation && (hasText || expressions.length > 1)) {
          throw $interpolateMinErr('noconcat',
              "Error while interpolating: {0}\nStrict Contextual Escaping disallows " +
              "interpolations that concatenate multiple expressions when a trusted value is " +
              "required.  See http://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng.$sce", text);
      }

      if (!mustHaveExpression || hasInterpolation) {
        concat.length = separators.length + expressions.length;

        var compute = function(values) {
          for(var i = 0, ii = expressions.length; i < ii; i++) {
            if (allOrNothing && isUndefined(values[i])) return;
            concat[2*i] = separators[i];
            concat[(2*i)+1] = values[i];
          }
          concat[2*ii] = separators[ii];
          return concat.join('');
        };

        var getValue = function (value) {
          return trustedContext ?
            $sce.getTrusted(trustedContext, value) :
            $sce.valueOf(value);
        };

        var stringify = function (value) {
          if (value == null) { // null || undefined
            return '';
          }
          switch (typeof value) {
            case 'string': {
              break;
            }
            case 'number': {
              value = '' + value;
              break;
            }
            default: {
              value = toJson(value);
            }
          }

          return value;
        };

        return extend(function interpolationFn(context) {
            var i = 0;
            var ii = expressions.length;
            var values = new Array(ii);

            try {
              for (; i < ii; i++) {
                values[i] = parseFns[i](context);
              }

              return compute(values);
            } catch(err) {
              var newErr = $interpolateMinErr('interr', "Can't interpolate: {0}\n{1}", text,
                  err.toString());
              $exceptionHandler(newErr);
            }

          }, {
          // all of these properties are undocumented for now
          exp: text, //just for compatibility with regular watchers created via $watch
          separators: separators,
          expressions: expressions,
          $$watchDelegate: function (scope, listener, objectEquality, deregisterNotifier) {
            var lastValue;
            return scope.$watchGroup(parseFns, function interpolateFnWatcher(values, oldValues) {
              var currValue = compute(values);
              if (isFunction(listener)) {
                listener.call(this, currValue, values !== oldValues ? lastValue : currValue, scope);
              }
              lastValue = currValue;
            }, objectEquality, deregisterNotifier);
          }
        });
      }

      function parseStringifyInterceptor(value) {
        try {
          return stringify(getValue(value));
        } catch(err) {
          var newErr = $interpolateMinErr('interr', "Can't interpolate: {0}\n{1}", text,
            err.toString());
          $exceptionHandler(newErr);
        }
      }
    }


    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $interpolate#startSymbol
     * @description
     * Symbol to denote the start of expression in the interpolated string. Defaults to `{{`.
     *
     * Use {@link ng.$interpolateProvider#startSymbol $interpolateProvider#startSymbol} to change
     * the symbol.
     *
     * @returns {string} start symbol.
     */
    $interpolate.startSymbol = function() {
      return startSymbol;
    };


    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $interpolate#endSymbol
     * @description
     * Symbol to denote the end of expression in the interpolated string. Defaults to `}}`.
     *
     * Use {@link ng.$interpolateProvider#endSymbol $interpolateProvider#endSymbol} to change
     * the symbol.
     *
     * @returns {string} end symbol.
     */
    $interpolate.endSymbol = function() {
      return endSymbol;
    };

    return $interpolate;
  }];
}

function $IntervalProvider() {
  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$window', '$q', '$$q',
       function($rootScope,   $window,   $q,   $$q) {
    var intervals = {};


     /**
      * @ngdoc service
      * @name $interval
      *
      * @description
      * Angular's wrapper for `window.setInterval`. The `fn` function is executed every `delay`
      * milliseconds.
      *
      * The return value of registering an interval function is a promise. This promise will be
      * notified upon each tick of the interval, and will be resolved after `count` iterations, or
      * run indefinitely if `count` is not defined. The value of the notification will be the
      * number of iterations that have run.
      * To cancel an interval, call `$interval.cancel(promise)`.
      *
      * In tests you can use {@link ngMock.$interval#flush `$interval.flush(millis)`} to
      * move forward by `millis` milliseconds and trigger any functions scheduled to run in that
      * time.
      *
      * <div class="alert alert-warning">
      * **Note**: Intervals created by this service must be explicitly destroyed when you are finished
      * with them.  In particular they are not automatically destroyed when a controller's scope or a
      * directive's element are destroyed.
      * You should take this into consideration and make sure to always cancel the interval at the
      * appropriate moment.  See the example below for more details on how and when to do this.
      * </div>
      *
      * @param {function()} fn A function that should be called repeatedly.
      * @param {number} delay Number of milliseconds between each function call.
      * @param {number=} [count=0] Number of times to repeat. If not set, or 0, will repeat
      *   indefinitely.
      * @param {boolean=} [invokeApply=true] If set to `false` skips model dirty checking, otherwise
      *   will invoke `fn` within the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$apply $apply} block.
      * @returns {promise} A promise which will be notified on each iteration.
      *
      * @example
      * <example module="intervalExample">
      * <file name="index.html">
      *   <script>
      *     angular.module('intervalExample', [])
      *       .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', '$interval',
      *         function($scope, $interval) {
      *           $scope.format = 'M/d/yy h:mm:ss a';
      *           $scope.blood_1 = 100;
      *           $scope.blood_2 = 120;
      *
      *           var stop;
      *           $scope.fight = function() {
      *             // Don't start a new fight if we are already fighting
      *             if ( angular.isDefined(stop) ) return;
      *
      *           stop = $interval(function() {
      *             if ($scope.blood_1 > 0 && $scope.blood_2 > 0) {
      *               $scope.blood_1 = $scope.blood_1 - 3;
      *               $scope.blood_2 = $scope.blood_2 - 4;
      *             } else {
      *               $scope.stopFight();
      *             }
      *           }, 100);
      *         };
      *
      *         $scope.stopFight = function() {
      *           if (angular.isDefined(stop)) {
      *             $interval.cancel(stop);
      *             stop = undefined;
      *           }
      *         };
      *
      *         $scope.resetFight = function() {
      *           $scope.blood_1 = 100;
      *           $scope.blood_2 = 120;
      *         };
      *
      *         $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
      *           // Make sure that the interval nis destroyed too
      *           $scope.stopFight();
      *         });
      *       }])
      *       // Register the 'myCurrentTime' directive factory method.
      *       // We inject $interval and dateFilter service since the factory method is DI.
      *       .directive('myCurrentTime', ['$interval', 'dateFilter',
      *         function($interval, dateFilter) {
      *           // return the directive link function. (compile function not needed)
      *           return function(scope, element, attrs) {
      *             var format,  // date format
      *                 stopTime; // so that we can cancel the time updates
      *
      *             // used to update the UI
      *             function updateTime() {
      *               element.text(dateFilter(new Date(), format));
      *             }
      *
      *             // watch the expression, and update the UI on change.
      *             scope.$watch(attrs.myCurrentTime, function(value) {
      *               format = value;
      *               updateTime();
      *             });
      *
      *             stopTime = $interval(updateTime, 1000);
      *
      *             // listen on DOM destroy (removal) event, and cancel the next UI update
      *             // to prevent updating time after the DOM element was removed.
      *             element.on('$destroy', function() {
      *               $interval.cancel(stopTime);
      *             });
      *           }
      *         }]);
      *   </script>
      *
      *   <div>
      *     <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
      *       Date format: <input ng-model="format"> <hr/>
      *       Current time is: <span my-current-time="format"></span>
      *       <hr/>
      *       Blood 1 : <font color='red'>{{blood_1}}</font>
      *       Blood 2 : <font color='red'>{{blood_2}}</font>
      *       <button type="button" data-ng-click="fight()">Fight</button>
      *       <button type="button" data-ng-click="stopFight()">StopFight</button>
      *       <button type="button" data-ng-click="resetFight()">resetFight</button>
      *     </div>
      *   </div>
      *
      * </file>
      * </example>
      */
    function interval(fn, delay, count, invokeApply) {
      var setInterval = $window.setInterval,
          clearInterval = $window.clearInterval,
          iteration = 0,
          skipApply = (isDefined(invokeApply) && !invokeApply),
          deferred = (skipApply ? $$q : $q).defer(),
          promise = deferred.promise;

      count = isDefined(count) ? count : 0;

      promise.then(null, null, fn);

      promise.$$intervalId = setInterval(function tick() {
        deferred.notify(iteration++);

        if (count > 0 && iteration >= count) {
          deferred.resolve(iteration);
          clearInterval(promise.$$intervalId);
          delete intervals[promise.$$intervalId];
        }

        if (!skipApply) $rootScope.$apply();

      }, delay);

      intervals[promise.$$intervalId] = deferred;

      return promise;
    }


     /**
      * @ngdoc method
      * @name $interval#cancel
      *
      * @description
      * Cancels a task associated with the `promise`.
      *
      * @param {promise} promise returned by the `$interval` function.
      * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the task was successfully canceled.
      */
    interval.cancel = function(promise) {
      if (promise && promise.$$intervalId in intervals) {
        intervals[promise.$$intervalId].reject('canceled');
        $window.clearInterval(promise.$$intervalId);
        delete intervals[promise.$$intervalId];
        return true;
      }
      return false;
    };

    return interval;
  }];
}

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $locale
 *
 * @description
 * $locale service provides localization rules for various Angular components. As of right now the
 * only public api is:
 *
 * * `id` – `{string}` – locale id formatted as `languageId-countryId` (e.g. `en-us`)
 */
function $LocaleProvider(){
  this.$get = function() {
    return {
      id: 'en-us',

      NUMBER_FORMATS: {
        DECIMAL_SEP: '.',
        GROUP_SEP: ',',
        PATTERNS: [
          { // Decimal Pattern
            minInt: 1,
            minFrac: 0,
            maxFrac: 3,
            posPre: '',
            posSuf: '',
            negPre: '-',
            negSuf: '',
            gSize: 3,
            lgSize: 3
          },{ //Currency Pattern
            minInt: 1,
            minFrac: 2,
            maxFrac: 2,
            posPre: '\u00A4',
            posSuf: '',
            negPre: '(\u00A4',
            negSuf: ')',
            gSize: 3,
            lgSize: 3
          }
        ],
        CURRENCY_SYM: '$'
      },

      DATETIME_FORMATS: {
        MONTH:
            'January,February,March,April,May,June,July,August,September,October,November,December'
            .split(','),
        SHORTMONTH:  'Jan,Feb,Mar,Apr,May,Jun,Jul,Aug,Sep,Oct,Nov,Dec'.split(','),
        DAY: 'Sunday,Monday,Tuesday,Wednesday,Thursday,Friday,Saturday'.split(','),
        SHORTDAY: 'Sun,Mon,Tue,Wed,Thu,Fri,Sat'.split(','),
        AMPMS: ['AM','PM'],
        medium: 'MMM d, y h:mm:ss a',
        short: 'M/d/yy h:mm a',
        fullDate: 'EEEE, MMMM d, y',
        longDate: 'MMMM d, y',
        mediumDate: 'MMM d, y',
        shortDate: 'M/d/yy',
        mediumTime: 'h:mm:ss a',
        shortTime: 'h:mm a'
      },

      pluralCat: function(num) {
        if (num === 1) {
          return 'one';
        }
        return 'other';
      }
    };
  };
}

var PATH_MATCH = /^([^\?#]*)(\?([^#]*))?(#(.*))?$/,
    DEFAULT_PORTS = {'http': 80, 'https': 443, 'ftp': 21};
var $locationMinErr = minErr('$location');


/**
 * Encode path using encodeUriSegment, ignoring forward slashes
 *
 * @param {string} path Path to encode
 * @returns {string}
 */
function encodePath(path) {
  var segments = path.split('/'),
      i = segments.length;

  while (i--) {
    segments[i] = encodeUriSegment(segments[i]);
  }

  return segments.join('/');
}

function parseAbsoluteUrl(absoluteUrl, locationObj, appBase) {
  var parsedUrl = urlResolve(absoluteUrl, appBase);

  locationObj.$$protocol = parsedUrl.protocol;
  locationObj.$$host = parsedUrl.hostname;
  locationObj.$$port = int(parsedUrl.port) || DEFAULT_PORTS[parsedUrl.protocol] || null;
}


function parseAppUrl(relativeUrl, locationObj, appBase) {
  var prefixed = (relativeUrl.charAt(0) !== '/');
  if (prefixed) {
    relativeUrl = '/' + relativeUrl;
  }
  var match = urlResolve(relativeUrl, appBase);
  locationObj.$$path = decodeURIComponent(prefixed && match.pathname.charAt(0) === '/' ?
      match.pathname.substring(1) : match.pathname);
  locationObj.$$search = parseKeyValue(match.search);
  locationObj.$$hash = decodeURIComponent(match.hash);

  // make sure path starts with '/';
  if (locationObj.$$path && locationObj.$$path.charAt(0) != '/') {
    locationObj.$$path = '/' + locationObj.$$path;
  }
}


/**
 *
 * @param {string} begin
 * @param {string} whole
 * @returns {string} returns text from whole after begin or undefined if it does not begin with
 *                   expected string.
 */
function beginsWith(begin, whole) {
  if (whole.indexOf(begin) === 0) {
    return whole.substr(begin.length);
  }
}


function stripHash(url) {
  var index = url.indexOf('#');
  return index == -1 ? url : url.substr(0, index);
}


function stripFile(url) {
  return url.substr(0, stripHash(url).lastIndexOf('/') + 1);
}

/* return the server only (scheme://host:port) */
function serverBase(url) {
  return url.substring(0, url.indexOf('/', url.indexOf('//') + 2));
}


/**
 * LocationHtml5Url represents an url
 * This object is exposed as $location service when HTML5 mode is enabled and supported
 *
 * @constructor
 * @param {string} appBase application base URL
 * @param {string} basePrefix url path prefix
 */
function LocationHtml5Url(appBase, basePrefix) {
  this.$$html5 = true;
  basePrefix = basePrefix || '';
  var appBaseNoFile = stripFile(appBase);
  parseAbsoluteUrl(appBase, this, appBase);


  /**
   * Parse given html5 (regular) url string into properties
   * @param {string} newAbsoluteUrl HTML5 url
   * @private
   */
  this.$$parse = function(url) {
    var pathUrl = beginsWith(appBaseNoFile, url);
    if (!isString(pathUrl)) {
      throw $locationMinErr('ipthprfx', 'Invalid url "{0}", missing path prefix "{1}".', url,
          appBaseNoFile);
    }

    parseAppUrl(pathUrl, this, appBase);

    if (!this.$$path) {
      this.$$path = '/';
    }

    this.$$compose();
  };

  /**
   * Compose url and update `absUrl` property
   * @private
   */
  this.$$compose = function() {
    var search = toKeyValue(this.$$search),
        hash = this.$$hash ? '#' + encodeUriSegment(this.$$hash) : '';

    this.$$url = encodePath(this.$$path) + (search ? '?' + search : '') + hash;
    this.$$absUrl = appBaseNoFile + this.$$url.substr(1); // first char is always '/'
  };

  this.$$rewrite = function(url) {
    var appUrl, prevAppUrl;

    if ( (appUrl = beginsWith(appBase, url)) !== undefined ) {
      prevAppUrl = appUrl;
      if ( (appUrl = beginsWith(basePrefix, appUrl)) !== undefined ) {
        return appBaseNoFile + (beginsWith('/', appUrl) || appUrl);
      } else {
        return appBase + prevAppUrl;
      }
    } else if ( (appUrl = beginsWith(appBaseNoFile, url)) !== undefined ) {
      return appBaseNoFile + appUrl;
    } else if (appBaseNoFile == url + '/') {
      return appBaseNoFile;
    }
  };
}


/**
 * LocationHashbangUrl represents url
 * This object is exposed as $location service when developer doesn't opt into html5 mode.
 * It also serves as the base class for html5 mode fallback on legacy browsers.
 *
 * @constructor
 * @param {string} appBase application base URL
 * @param {string} hashPrefix hashbang prefix
 */
function LocationHashbangUrl(appBase, hashPrefix) {
  var appBaseNoFile = stripFile(appBase);

  parseAbsoluteUrl(appBase, this, appBase);


  /**
   * Parse given hashbang url into properties
   * @param {string} url Hashbang url
   * @private
   */
  this.$$parse = function(url) {
    var withoutBaseUrl = beginsWith(appBase, url) || beginsWith(appBaseNoFile, url);
    var withoutHashUrl = withoutBaseUrl.charAt(0) == '#'
        ? beginsWith(hashPrefix, withoutBaseUrl)
        : (this.$$html5)
          ? withoutBaseUrl
          : '';

    if (!isString(withoutHashUrl)) {
      throw $locationMinErr('ihshprfx', 'Invalid url "{0}", missing hash prefix "{1}".', url,
          hashPrefix);
    }
    parseAppUrl(withoutHashUrl, this, appBase);

    this.$$path = removeWindowsDriveName(this.$$path, withoutHashUrl, appBase);

    this.$$compose();

    /*
     * In Windows, on an anchor node on documents loaded from
     * the filesystem, the browser will return a pathname
     * prefixed with the drive name ('/C:/path') when a
     * pathname without a drive is set:
     *  * a.setAttribute('href', '/foo')
     *   * a.pathname === '/C:/foo' //true
     *
     * Inside of Angular, we're always using pathnames that
     * do not include drive names for routing.
     */
    function removeWindowsDriveName (path, url, base) {
      /*
      Matches paths for file protocol on windows,
      such as /C:/foo/bar, and captures only /foo/bar.
      */
      var windowsFilePathExp = /^\/[A-Z]:(\/.*)/;

      var firstPathSegmentMatch;

      //Get the relative path from the input URL.
      if (url.indexOf(base) === 0) {
        url = url.replace(base, '');
      }

      // The input URL intentionally contains a first path segment that ends with a colon.
      if (windowsFilePathExp.exec(url)) {
        return path;
      }

      firstPathSegmentMatch = windowsFilePathExp.exec(path);
      return firstPathSegmentMatch ? firstPathSegmentMatch[1] : path;
    }
  };

  /**
   * Compose hashbang url and update `absUrl` property
   * @private
   */
  this.$$compose = function() {
    var search = toKeyValue(this.$$search),
        hash = this.$$hash ? '#' + encodeUriSegment(this.$$hash) : '';

    this.$$url = encodePath(this.$$path) + (search ? '?' + search : '') + hash;
    this.$$absUrl = appBase + (this.$$url ? hashPrefix + this.$$url : '');
  };

  this.$$rewrite = function(url) {
    if(stripHash(appBase) == stripHash(url)) {
      return url;
    }
  };
}


/**
 * LocationHashbangUrl represents url
 * This object is exposed as $location service when html5 history api is enabled but the browser
 * does not support it.
 *
 * @constructor
 * @param {string} appBase application base URL
 * @param {string} hashPrefix hashbang prefix
 */
function LocationHashbangInHtml5Url(appBase, hashPrefix) {
  this.$$html5 = true;
  LocationHashbangUrl.apply(this, arguments);

  var appBaseNoFile = stripFile(appBase);

  this.$$rewrite = function(url) {
    var appUrl;

    if ( appBase == stripHash(url) ) {
      return url;
    } else if ( (appUrl = beginsWith(appBaseNoFile, url)) ) {
      return appBase + hashPrefix + appUrl;
    } else if ( appBaseNoFile === url + '/') {
      return appBaseNoFile;
    }
  };

  this.$$compose = function() {
    var search = toKeyValue(this.$$search),
        hash = this.$$hash ? '#' + encodeUriSegment(this.$$hash) : '';

    this.$$url = encodePath(this.$$path) + (search ? '?' + search : '') + hash;
    // include hashPrefix in $$absUrl when $$url is empty so IE8 & 9 do not reload page because of removal of '#'
    this.$$absUrl = appBase + hashPrefix + this.$$url;
  };

}


LocationHashbangInHtml5Url.prototype =
  LocationHashbangUrl.prototype =
  LocationHtml5Url.prototype = {

  /**
   * Are we in html5 mode?
   * @private
   */
  $$html5: false,

  /**
   * Has any change been replacing ?
   * @private
   */
  $$replace: false,

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $location#absUrl
   *
   * @description
   * This method is getter only.
   *
   * Return full url representation with all segments encoded according to rules specified in
   * [RFC 3986](http://www.ietf.org/rfc/rfc3986.txt).
   *
   * @return {string} full url
   */
  absUrl: locationGetter('$$absUrl'),

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $location#url
   *
   * @description
   * This method is getter / setter.
   *
   * Return url (e.g. `/path?a=b#hash`) when called without any parameter.
   *
   * Change path, search and hash, when called with parameter and return `$location`.
   *
   * @param {string=} url New url without base prefix (e.g. `/path?a=b#hash`)
   * @param {string=} replace The path that will be changed
   * @return {string} url
   */
  url: function(url, replace) {
    if (isUndefined(url))
      return this.$$url;

    var match = PATH_MATCH.exec(url);
    if (match[1]) this.path(decodeURIComponent(match[1]));
    if (match[2] || match[1]) this.search(match[3] || '');
    this.hash(match[5] || '', replace);

    return this;
  },

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $location#protocol
   *
   * @description
   * This method is getter only.
   *
   * Return protocol of current url.
   *
   * @return {string} protocol of current url
   */
  protocol: locationGetter('$$protocol'),

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $location#host
   *
   * @description
   * This method is getter only.
   *
   * Return host of current url.
   *
   * @return {string} host of current url.
   */
  host: locationGetter('$$host'),

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $location#port
   *
   * @description
   * This method is getter only.
   *
   * Return port of current url.
   *
   * @return {Number} port
   */
  port: locationGetter('$$port'),

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $location#path
   *
   * @description
   * This method is getter / setter.
   *
   * Return path of current url when called without any parameter.
   *
   * Change path when called with parameter and return `$location`.
   *
   * Note: Path should always begin with forward slash (/), this method will add the forward slash
   * if it is missing.
   *
   * @param {string=} path New path
   * @return {string} path
   */
  path: locationGetterSetter('$$path', function(path) {
    return path.charAt(0) == '/' ? path : '/' + path;
  }),

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $location#search
   *
   * @description
   * This method is getter / setter.
   *
   * Return search part (as object) of current url when called without any parameter.
   *
   * Change search part when called with parameter and return `$location`.
   *
   *
   * ```js
   * // given url http://example.com/#/some/path?foo=bar&baz=xoxo
   * var searchObject = $location.search();
   * // => {foo: 'bar', baz: 'xoxo'}
   *
   *
   * // set foo to 'yipee'
   * $location.search('foo', 'yipee');
   * // => $location
   * ```
   *
   * @param {string|Object.<string>|Object.<Array.<string>>} search New search params - string or
   * hash object.
   *
   * When called with a single argument the method acts as a setter, setting the `search` component
   * of `$location` to the specified value.
   *
   * If the argument is a hash object containing an array of values, these values will be encoded
   * as duplicate search parameters in the url.
   *
   * @param {(string|Array<string>|boolean)=} paramValue If `search` is a string, then `paramValue`
   * will override only a single search property.
   *
   * If `paramValue` is an array, it will override the property of the `search` component of
   * `$location` specified via the first argument.
   *
   * If `paramValue` is `null`, the property specified via the first argument will be deleted.
   *
   * If `paramValue` is `true`, the property specified via the first argument will be added with no
   * value nor trailing equal sign.
   *
   * @return {Object} If called with no arguments returns the parsed `search` object. If called with
   * one or more arguments returns `$location` object itself.
   */
  search: function(search, paramValue) {
    switch (arguments.length) {
      case 0:
        return this.$$search;
      case 1:
        if (isString(search)) {
          this.$$search = parseKeyValue(search);
        } else if (isObject(search)) {
          // remove object undefined or null properties
          forEach(search, function(value, key) {
            if (value == null) delete search[key];
          });

          this.$$search = search;
        } else {
          throw $locationMinErr('isrcharg',
              'The first argument of the `$location#search()` call must be a string or an object.');
        }
        break;
      default:
        if (isUndefined(paramValue) || paramValue === null) {
          delete this.$$search[search];
        } else {
          this.$$search[search] = paramValue;
        }
    }

    this.$$compose();
    return this;
  },

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $location#hash
   *
   * @description
   * This method is getter / setter.
   *
   * Return hash fragment when called without any parameter.
   *
   * Change hash fragment when called with parameter and return `$location`.
   *
   * @param {string=} hash New hash fragment
   * @return {string} hash
   */
  hash: locationGetterSetter('$$hash', identity),

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $location#replace
   *
   * @description
   * If called, all changes to $location during current `$digest` will be replacing current history
   * record, instead of adding new one.
   */
  replace: function() {
    this.$$replace = true;
    return this;
  }
};

function locationGetter(property) {
  return function() {
    return this[property];
  };
}


function locationGetterSetter(property, preprocess) {
  return function(value) {
    if (isUndefined(value))
      return this[property];

    this[property] = preprocess(value);
    this.$$compose();

    return this;
  };
}


/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $location
 *
 * @requires $rootElement
 *
 * @description
 * The $location service parses the URL in the browser address bar (based on the
 * [window.location](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/window.location)) and makes the URL
 * available to your application. Changes to the URL in the address bar are reflected into
 * $location service and changes to $location are reflected into the browser address bar.
 *
 * **The $location service:**
 *
 * - Exposes the current URL in the browser address bar, so you can
 *   - Watch and observe the URL.
 *   - Change the URL.
 * - Synchronizes the URL with the browser when the user
 *   - Changes the address bar.
 *   - Clicks the back or forward button (or clicks a History link).
 *   - Clicks on a link.
 * - Represents the URL object as a set of methods (protocol, host, port, path, search, hash).
 *
 * For more information see {@link guide/$location Developer Guide: Using $location}
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc provider
 * @name $locationProvider
 * @description
 * Use the `$locationProvider` to configure how the application deep linking paths are stored.
 */
function $LocationProvider(){
  var hashPrefix = '',
      html5Mode = false;

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $locationProvider#hashPrefix
   * @description
   * @param {string=} prefix Prefix for hash part (containing path and search)
   * @returns {*} current value if used as getter or itself (chaining) if used as setter
   */
  this.hashPrefix = function(prefix) {
    if (isDefined(prefix)) {
      hashPrefix = prefix;
      return this;
    } else {
      return hashPrefix;
    }
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $locationProvider#html5Mode
   * @description
   * @param {boolean=} mode Use HTML5 strategy if available.
   * @returns {*} current value if used as getter or itself (chaining) if used as setter
   */
  this.html5Mode = function(mode) {
    if (isDefined(mode)) {
      html5Mode = mode;
      return this;
    } else {
      return html5Mode;
    }
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc event
   * @name $location#$locationChangeStart
   * @eventType broadcast on root scope
   * @description
   * Broadcasted before a URL will change. This change can be prevented by calling
   * `preventDefault` method of the event. See {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on} for more
   * details about event object. Upon successful change
   * {@link ng.$location#events_$locationChangeSuccess $locationChangeSuccess} is fired.
   *
   * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object.
   * @param {string} newUrl New URL
   * @param {string=} oldUrl URL that was before it was changed.
   */

  /**
   * @ngdoc event
   * @name $location#$locationChangeSuccess
   * @eventType broadcast on root scope
   * @description
   * Broadcasted after a URL was changed.
   *
   * @param {Object} angularEvent Synthetic event object.
   * @param {string} newUrl New URL
   * @param {string=} oldUrl URL that was before it was changed.
   */

  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$browser', '$sniffer', '$rootElement',
      function( $rootScope,   $browser,   $sniffer,   $rootElement) {
    var $location,
        LocationMode,
        baseHref = $browser.baseHref(), // if base[href] is undefined, it defaults to ''
        initialUrl = $browser.url(),
        appBase;

    if (html5Mode) {
      appBase = serverBase(initialUrl) + (baseHref || '/');
      LocationMode = $sniffer.history ? LocationHtml5Url : LocationHashbangInHtml5Url;
    } else {
      appBase = stripHash(initialUrl);
      LocationMode = LocationHashbangUrl;
    }
    $location = new LocationMode(appBase, '#' + hashPrefix);
    $location.$$parse($location.$$rewrite(initialUrl));

    $rootElement.on('click', function(event) {
      // TODO(vojta): rewrite link when opening in new tab/window (in legacy browser)
      // currently we open nice url link and redirect then

      if (event.ctrlKey || event.metaKey || event.which == 2) return;

      var elm = jqLite(event.target);

      // traverse the DOM up to find first A tag
      while (nodeName_(elm[0]) !== 'a') {
        // ignore rewriting if no A tag (reached root element, or no parent - removed from document)
        if (elm[0] === $rootElement[0] || !(elm = elm.parent())[0]) return;
      }

      var absHref = elm.prop('href');

      if (isObject(absHref) && absHref.toString() === '[object SVGAnimatedString]') {
        // SVGAnimatedString.animVal should be identical to SVGAnimatedString.baseVal, unless during
        // an animation.
        absHref = urlResolve(absHref.animVal).href;
      }

      // Make relative links work in HTML5 mode for legacy browsers (or at least IE8 & 9)
      // The href should be a regular url e.g. /link/somewhere or link/somewhere or ../somewhere or
      // somewhere#anchor or http://example.com/somewhere
      if (LocationMode === LocationHashbangInHtml5Url) {
        // get the actual href attribute - see
        // http://msdn.microsoft.com/en-us/library/ie/dd347148(v=vs.85).aspx
        var href = elm.attr('href') || elm.attr('xlink:href');

        if (href.indexOf('://') < 0) {         // Ignore absolute URLs
          var prefix = '#' + hashPrefix;
          if (href[0] == '/') {
            // absolute path - replace old path
            absHref = appBase + prefix + href;
          } else if (href[0] == '#') {
            // local anchor
            absHref = appBase + prefix + ($location.path() || '/') + href;
          } else {
            // relative path - join with current path
            var stack = $location.path().split("/"),
              parts = href.split("/");
            for (var i=0; i<parts.length; i++) {
              if (parts[i] == ".")
                continue;
              else if (parts[i] == "..")
                stack.pop();
              else if (parts[i].length)
                stack.push(parts[i]);
            }
            absHref = appBase + prefix + stack.join('/');
          }
        }
      }

      var rewrittenUrl = $location.$$rewrite(absHref);

      if (absHref && !elm.attr('target') && rewrittenUrl && !event.isDefaultPrevented()) {
        event.preventDefault();
        if (rewrittenUrl != $browser.url()) {
          // update location manually
          $location.$$parse(rewrittenUrl);
          $rootScope.$apply();
          // hack to work around FF6 bug 684208 when scenario runner clicks on links
          window.angular['ff-684208-preventDefault'] = true;
        }
      }
    });


    // rewrite hashbang url <> html5 url
    if ($location.absUrl() != initialUrl) {
      $browser.url($location.absUrl(), true);
    }

    // update $location when $browser url changes
    $browser.onUrlChange(function(newUrl) {
      if ($location.absUrl() != newUrl) {
        $rootScope.$evalAsync(function() {
          var oldUrl = $location.absUrl();

          $location.$$parse(newUrl);
          if ($rootScope.$broadcast('$locationChangeStart', newUrl,
                                    oldUrl).defaultPrevented) {
            $location.$$parse(oldUrl);
            $browser.url(oldUrl);
          } else {
            afterLocationChange(oldUrl);
          }
        });
        if (!$rootScope.$$phase) $rootScope.$digest();
      }
    });

    // update browser
    var changeCounter = 0;
    $rootScope.$watch(function $locationWatch() {
      var oldUrl = $browser.url();
      var currentReplace = $location.$$replace;

      if (!changeCounter || oldUrl != $location.absUrl()) {
        changeCounter++;
        $rootScope.$evalAsync(function() {
          if ($rootScope.$broadcast('$locationChangeStart', $location.absUrl(), oldUrl).
              defaultPrevented) {
            $location.$$parse(oldUrl);
          } else {
            $browser.url($location.absUrl(), currentReplace);
            afterLocationChange(oldUrl);
          }
        });
      }
      $location.$$replace = false;

      return changeCounter;
    });

    return $location;

    function afterLocationChange(oldUrl) {
      $rootScope.$broadcast('$locationChangeSuccess', $location.absUrl(), oldUrl);
    }
}];
}

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $log
 * @requires $window
 *
 * @description
 * Simple service for logging. Default implementation safely writes the message
 * into the browser's console (if present).
 *
 * The main purpose of this service is to simplify debugging and troubleshooting.
 *
 * The default is to log `debug` messages. You can use
 * {@link ng.$logProvider ng.$logProvider#debugEnabled} to change this.
 *
 * @example
   <example module="logExample">
     <file name="script.js">
       angular.module('logExample', [])
         .controller('LogController', ['$scope', '$log', function($scope, $log) {
           $scope.$log = $log;
           $scope.message = 'Hello World!';
         }]);
     </file>
     <file name="index.html">
       <div ng-controller="LogController">
         <p>Reload this page with open console, enter text and hit the log button...</p>
         Message:
         <input type="text" ng-model="message"/>
         <button ng-click="$log.log(message)">log</button>
         <button ng-click="$log.warn(message)">warn</button>
         <button ng-click="$log.info(message)">info</button>
         <button ng-click="$log.error(message)">error</button>
       </div>
     </file>
   </example>
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc provider
 * @name $logProvider
 * @description
 * Use the `$logProvider` to configure how the application logs messages
 */
function $LogProvider(){
  var debug = true,
      self = this;

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $logProvider#debugEnabled
   * @description
   * @param {boolean=} flag enable or disable debug level messages
   * @returns {*} current value if used as getter or itself (chaining) if used as setter
   */
  this.debugEnabled = function(flag) {
    if (isDefined(flag)) {
      debug = flag;
    return this;
    } else {
      return debug;
    }
  };

  this.$get = ['$window', function($window){
    return {
      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $log#log
       *
       * @description
       * Write a log message
       */
      log: consoleLog('log'),

      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $log#info
       *
       * @description
       * Write an information message
       */
      info: consoleLog('info'),

      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $log#warn
       *
       * @description
       * Write a warning message
       */
      warn: consoleLog('warn'),

      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $log#error
       *
       * @description
       * Write an error message
       */
      error: consoleLog('error'),

      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $log#debug
       *
       * @description
       * Write a debug message
       */
      debug: (function () {
        var fn = consoleLog('debug');

        return function() {
          if (debug) {
            fn.apply(self, arguments);
          }
        };
      }())
    };

    function formatError(arg) {
      if (arg instanceof Error) {
        if (arg.stack) {
          arg = (arg.message && arg.stack.indexOf(arg.message) === -1)
              ? 'Error: ' + arg.message + '\n' + arg.stack
              : arg.stack;
        } else if (arg.sourceURL) {
          arg = arg.message + '\n' + arg.sourceURL + ':' + arg.line;
        }
      }
      return arg;
    }

    function consoleLog(type) {
      var console = $window.console || {},
          logFn = console[type] || console.log || noop,
          hasApply = false;

      // Note: reading logFn.apply throws an error in IE11 in IE8 document mode.
      // The reason behind this is that console.log has type "object" in IE8...
      try {
        hasApply = !!logFn.apply;
      } catch (e) {}

      if (hasApply) {
        return function() {
          var args = [];
          forEach(arguments, function(arg) {
            args.push(formatError(arg));
          });
          return logFn.apply(console, args);
        };
      }

      // we are IE which either doesn't have window.console => this is noop and we do nothing,
      // or we are IE where console.log doesn't have apply so we log at least first 2 args
      return function(arg1, arg2) {
        logFn(arg1, arg2 == null ? '' : arg2);
      };
    }
  }];
}

var $parseMinErr = minErr('$parse');

// Sandboxing Angular Expressions
// ------------------------------
// Angular expressions are generally considered safe because these expressions only have direct
// access to $scope and locals. However, one can obtain the ability to execute arbitrary JS code by
// obtaining a reference to native JS functions such as the Function constructor.
//
// As an example, consider the following Angular expression:
//
//   {}.toString.constructor('alert("evil JS code")')
//
// This sandboxing technique is not perfect and doesn't aim to be. The goal is to prevent exploits
// against the expression language, but not to prevent exploits that were enabled by exposing
// sensitive JavaScript or browser apis on Scope. Exposing such objects on a Scope is never a good
// practice and therefore we are not even trying to protect against interaction with an object
// explicitly exposed in this way.
//
// In general, it is not possible to access a Window object from an angular expression unless a
// window or some DOM object that has a reference to window is published onto a Scope.
// Similarly we prevent invocations of function known to be dangerous, as well as assignments to
// native objects.


function ensureSafeMemberName(name, fullExpression) {
  if (name === "__defineGetter__" || name === "__defineSetter__"
      || name === "__lookupGetter__" || name === "__lookupSetter__"
      || name === "__proto__") {
    throw $parseMinErr('isecfld',
        'Attempting to access a disallowed field in Angular expressions! '
        +'Expression: {0}', fullExpression);
  }
  return name;
}

function ensureSafeObject(obj, fullExpression) {
  // nifty check if obj is Function that is fast and works across iframes and other contexts
  if (obj) {
    if (obj.constructor === obj) {
      throw $parseMinErr('isecfn',
          'Referencing Function in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
          fullExpression);
    } else if (// isWindow(obj)
        obj.window === obj) {
      throw $parseMinErr('isecwindow',
          'Referencing the Window in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
          fullExpression);
    } else if (// isElement(obj)
        obj.children && (obj.nodeName || (obj.prop && obj.attr && obj.find))) {
      throw $parseMinErr('isecdom',
          'Referencing DOM nodes in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
          fullExpression);
    } else if (// block Object so that we can't get hold of dangerous Object.* methods
        obj === Object) {
      throw $parseMinErr('isecobj',
          'Referencing Object in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
          fullExpression);
    }
  }
  return obj;
}

var CALL = Function.prototype.call;
var APPLY = Function.prototype.apply;
var BIND = Function.prototype.bind;

function ensureSafeFunction(obj, fullExpression) {
  if (obj) {
    if (obj.constructor === obj) {
      throw $parseMinErr('isecfn',
        'Referencing Function in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
        fullExpression);
    } else if (obj === CALL || obj === APPLY || obj === BIND) {
      throw $parseMinErr('isecff',
        'Referencing call, apply or bind in Angular expressions is disallowed! Expression: {0}',
        fullExpression);
    }
  }
}

var OPERATORS = {
    /* jshint bitwise : false */
    'null':function(){return null;},
    'true':function(){return true;},
    'false':function(){return false;},
    undefined:noop,
    '+':function(self, locals, a,b){
      a=a(self, locals); b=b(self, locals);
      if (isDefined(a)) {
        if (isDefined(b)) {
          return a + b;
        }
        return a;
      }
      return isDefined(b)?b:undefined;},
    '-':function(self, locals, a,b){
          a=a(self, locals); b=b(self, locals);
          return (isDefined(a)?a:0)-(isDefined(b)?b:0);
        },
    '*':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)*b(self, locals);},
    '/':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)/b(self, locals);},
    '%':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)%b(self, locals);},
    '^':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)^b(self, locals);},
    '=':noop,
    '===':function(self, locals, a, b){return a(self, locals)===b(self, locals);},
    '!==':function(self, locals, a, b){return a(self, locals)!==b(self, locals);},
    '==':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)==b(self, locals);},
    '!=':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)!=b(self, locals);},
    '<':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)<b(self, locals);},
    '>':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)>b(self, locals);},
    '<=':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)<=b(self, locals);},
    '>=':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)>=b(self, locals);},
    '&&':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)&&b(self, locals);},
    '||':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)||b(self, locals);},
    '&':function(self, locals, a,b){return a(self, locals)&b(self, locals);},
//    '|':function(self, locals, a,b){return a|b;},
    '|':function(self, locals, a,b){return b(self, locals)(self, locals, a(self, locals));},
    '!':function(self, locals, a){return !a(self, locals);}
};
/* jshint bitwise: true */
var ESCAPE = {"n":"\n", "f":"\f", "r":"\r", "t":"\t", "v":"\v", "'":"'", '"':'"'};


/////////////////////////////////////////


/**
 * @constructor
 */
var Lexer = function (options) {
  this.options = options;
};

Lexer.prototype = {
  constructor: Lexer,

  lex: function (text) {
    this.text = text;
    this.index = 0;
    this.ch = undefined;
    this.tokens = [];

    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
      this.ch = this.text.charAt(this.index);
      if (this.is('"\'')) {
        this.readString(this.ch);
      } else if (this.isNumber(this.ch) || this.is('.') && this.isNumber(this.peek())) {
        this.readNumber();
      } else if (this.isIdent(this.ch)) {
        this.readIdent();
      } else if (this.is('(){}[].,;:?')) {
        this.tokens.push({
          index: this.index,
          text: this.ch
        });
        this.index++;
      } else if (this.isWhitespace(this.ch)) {
        this.index++;
      } else {
        var ch2 = this.ch + this.peek();
        var ch3 = ch2 + this.peek(2);
        var fn = OPERATORS[this.ch];
        var fn2 = OPERATORS[ch2];
        var fn3 = OPERATORS[ch3];
        if (fn3) {
          this.tokens.push({index: this.index, text: ch3, fn: fn3});
          this.index += 3;
        } else if (fn2) {
          this.tokens.push({index: this.index, text: ch2, fn: fn2});
          this.index += 2;
        } else if (fn) {
          this.tokens.push({
            index: this.index,
            text: this.ch,
            fn: fn
          });
          this.index += 1;
        } else {
          this.throwError('Unexpected next character ', this.index, this.index + 1);
        }
      }
    }
    return this.tokens;
  },

  is: function(chars) {
    return chars.indexOf(this.ch) !== -1;
  },

  peek: function(i) {
    var num = i || 1;
    return (this.index + num < this.text.length) ? this.text.charAt(this.index + num) : false;
  },

  isNumber: function(ch) {
    return ('0' <= ch && ch <= '9');
  },

  isWhitespace: function(ch) {
    // IE treats non-breaking space as \u00A0
    return (ch === ' ' || ch === '\r' || ch === '\t' ||
            ch === '\n' || ch === '\v' || ch === '\u00A0');
  },

  isIdent: function(ch) {
    return ('a' <= ch && ch <= 'z' ||
            'A' <= ch && ch <= 'Z' ||
            '_' === ch || ch === '$');
  },

  isExpOperator: function(ch) {
    return (ch === '-' || ch === '+' || this.isNumber(ch));
  },

  throwError: function(error, start, end) {
    end = end || this.index;
    var colStr = (isDefined(start)
            ? 's ' + start +  '-' + this.index + ' [' + this.text.substring(start, end) + ']'
            : ' ' + end);
    throw $parseMinErr('lexerr', 'Lexer Error: {0} at column{1} in expression [{2}].',
        error, colStr, this.text);
  },

  readNumber: function() {
    var number = '';
    var start = this.index;
    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
      var ch = lowercase(this.text.charAt(this.index));
      if (ch == '.' || this.isNumber(ch)) {
        number += ch;
      } else {
        var peekCh = this.peek();
        if (ch == 'e' && this.isExpOperator(peekCh)) {
          number += ch;
        } else if (this.isExpOperator(ch) &&
            peekCh && this.isNumber(peekCh) &&
            number.charAt(number.length - 1) == 'e') {
          number += ch;
        } else if (this.isExpOperator(ch) &&
            (!peekCh || !this.isNumber(peekCh)) &&
            number.charAt(number.length - 1) == 'e') {
          this.throwError('Invalid exponent');
        } else {
          break;
        }
      }
      this.index++;
    }
    number = 1 * number;
    this.tokens.push({
      index: start,
      text: number,
      constant: true,
      fn: function() { return number; }
    });
  },

  readIdent: function() {
    var parser = this;

    var ident = '';
    var start = this.index;

    var lastDot, peekIndex, methodName, ch;

    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
      ch = this.text.charAt(this.index);
      if (ch === '.' || this.isIdent(ch) || this.isNumber(ch)) {
        if (ch === '.') lastDot = this.index;
        ident += ch;
      } else {
        break;
      }
      this.index++;
    }

    //check if this is not a method invocation and if it is back out to last dot
    if (lastDot) {
      peekIndex = this.index;
      while (peekIndex < this.text.length) {
        ch = this.text.charAt(peekIndex);
        if (ch === '(') {
          methodName = ident.substr(lastDot - start + 1);
          ident = ident.substr(0, lastDot - start);
          this.index = peekIndex;
          break;
        }
        if (this.isWhitespace(ch)) {
          peekIndex++;
        } else {
          break;
        }
      }
    }


    var token = {
      index: start,
      text: ident
    };

    // OPERATORS is our own object so we don't need to use special hasOwnPropertyFn
    if (OPERATORS.hasOwnProperty(ident)) {
      token.fn = OPERATORS[ident];
      token.constant = true;
    } else {
      var getter = getterFn(ident, this.options, this.text);
      token.fn = extend(function(self, locals) {
        return (getter(self, locals));
      }, {
        assign: function(self, value) {
          return setter(self, ident, value, parser.text);
        }
      });
    }

    this.tokens.push(token);

    if (methodName) {
      this.tokens.push({
        index: lastDot,
        text: '.'
      });
      this.tokens.push({
        index: lastDot + 1,
        text: methodName
      });
    }
  },

  readString: function(quote) {
    var start = this.index;
    this.index++;
    var string = '';
    var rawString = quote;
    var escape = false;
    while (this.index < this.text.length) {
      var ch = this.text.charAt(this.index);
      rawString += ch;
      if (escape) {
        if (ch === 'u') {
          var hex = this.text.substring(this.index + 1, this.index + 5);
          if (!hex.match(/[\da-f]{4}/i))
            this.throwError('Invalid unicode escape [\\u' + hex + ']');
          this.index += 4;
          string += String.fromCharCode(parseInt(hex, 16));
        } else {
          var rep = ESCAPE[ch];
          string = string + (rep || ch);
        }
        escape = false;
      } else if (ch === '\\') {
        escape = true;
      } else if (ch === quote) {
        this.index++;
        this.tokens.push({
          index: start,
          text: rawString,
          string: string,
          constant: true,
          fn: function() { return string; }
        });
        return;
      } else {
        string += ch;
      }
      this.index++;
    }
    this.throwError('Unterminated quote', start);
  }
};


/**
 * @constructor
 */
var Parser = function (lexer, $filter, options) {
  this.lexer = lexer;
  this.$filter = $filter;
  this.options = options;
};

Parser.ZERO = extend(function () {
  return 0;
}, {
  constant: true
});

Parser.prototype = {
  constructor: Parser,

  parse: function (text) {
    this.text = text;
    this.tokens = this.lexer.lex(text);

    var value = this.statements();

    if (this.tokens.length !== 0) {
      this.throwError('is an unexpected token', this.tokens[0]);
    }

    value.literal = !!value.literal;
    value.constant = !!value.constant;

    return value;
  },

  primary: function () {
    var primary;
    if (this.expect('(')) {
      primary = this.filterChain();
      this.consume(')');
    } else if (this.expect('[')) {
      primary = this.arrayDeclaration();
    } else if (this.expect('{')) {
      primary = this.object();
    } else {
      var token = this.expect();
      primary = token.fn;
      if (!primary) {
        this.throwError('not a primary expression', token);
      }
      if (token.constant) {
        primary.constant = true;
        primary.literal = true;
      }
    }

    var next, context;
    while ((next = this.expect('(', '[', '.'))) {
      if (next.text === '(') {
        primary = this.functionCall(primary, context);
        context = null;
      } else if (next.text === '[') {
        context = primary;
        primary = this.objectIndex(primary);
      } else if (next.text === '.') {
        context = primary;
        primary = this.fieldAccess(primary);
      } else {
        this.throwError('IMPOSSIBLE');
      }
    }
    return primary;
  },

  throwError: function(msg, token) {
    throw $parseMinErr('syntax',
        'Syntax Error: Token \'{0}\' {1} at column {2} of the expression [{3}] starting at [{4}].',
          token.text, msg, (token.index + 1), this.text, this.text.substring(token.index));
  },

  peekToken: function() {
    if (this.tokens.length === 0)
      throw $parseMinErr('ueoe', 'Unexpected end of expression: {0}', this.text);
    return this.tokens[0];
  },

  peek: function(e1, e2, e3, e4) {
    if (this.tokens.length > 0) {
      var token = this.tokens[0];
      var t = token.text;
      if (t === e1 || t === e2 || t === e3 || t === e4 ||
          (!e1 && !e2 && !e3 && !e4)) {
        return token;
      }
    }
    return false;
  },

  expect: function(e1, e2, e3, e4){
    var token = this.peek(e1, e2, e3, e4);
    if (token) {
      this.tokens.shift();
      return token;
    }
    return false;
  },

  consume: function(e1){
    if (!this.expect(e1)) {
      this.throwError('is unexpected, expecting [' + e1 + ']', this.peek());
    }
  },

  unaryFn: function(fn, right) {
    return extend(function(self, locals) {
      return fn(self, locals, right);
    }, {
      constant:right.constant
    });
  },

  ternaryFn: function(left, middle, right){
    return extend(function(self, locals){
      return left(self, locals) ? middle(self, locals) : right(self, locals);
    }, {
      constant: left.constant && middle.constant && right.constant
    });
  },

  binaryFn: function(left, fn, right) {
    return extend(function(self, locals) {
      return fn(self, locals, left, right);
    }, {
      constant:left.constant && right.constant
    });
  },

  statements: function() {
    var statements = [];
    while (true) {
      if (this.tokens.length > 0 && !this.peek('}', ')', ';', ']'))
        statements.push(this.filterChain());
      if (!this.expect(';')) {
        // optimize for the common case where there is only one statement.
        // TODO(size): maybe we should not support multiple statements?
        return (statements.length === 1)
            ? statements[0]
            : function(self, locals) {
                var value;
                for (var i = 0; i < statements.length; i++) {
                  var statement = statements[i];
                  if (statement) {
                    value = statement(self, locals);
                  }
                }
                return value;
              };
      }
    }
  },

  filterChain: function() {
    var left = this.expression();
    var token;
    while (true) {
      if ((token = this.expect('|'))) {
        left = this.binaryFn(left, token.fn, this.filter());
      } else {
        return left;
      }
    }
  },

  filter: function() {
    var token = this.expect();
    var fn = this.$filter(token.text);
    var argsFn = [];
    while(this.expect(':')) {
      argsFn.push(this.expression());
    }
    return valueFn(fnInvoke);

    function fnInvoke(self, locals, input) {
      var args = [input];
      for (var i = 0; i < argsFn.length; i++) {
        args.push(argsFn[i](self, locals));
      }
      return fn.apply(self, args);
    }
  },

  expression: function() {
    return this.assignment();
  },

  assignment: function() {
    var left = this.ternary();
    var right;
    var token;
    if ((token = this.expect('='))) {
      if (!left.assign) {
        this.throwError('implies assignment but [' +
            this.text.substring(0, token.index) + '] can not be assigned to', token);
      }
      right = this.ternary();
      return function(scope, locals) {
        return left.assign(scope, right(scope, locals), locals);
      };
    }
    return left;
  },

  ternary: function() {
    var left = this.logicalOR();
    var middle;
    var token;
    if ((token = this.expect('?'))) {
      middle = this.ternary();
      if ((token = this.expect(':'))) {
        return this.ternaryFn(left, middle, this.ternary());
      } else {
        this.throwError('expected :', token);
      }
    } else {
      return left;
    }
  },

  logicalOR: function() {
    var left = this.logicalAND();
    var token;
    while (true) {
      if ((token = this.expect('||'))) {
        left = this.binaryFn(left, token.fn, this.logicalAND());
      } else {
        return left;
      }
    }
  },

  logicalAND: function() {
    var left = this.equality();
    var token;
    if ((token = this.expect('&&'))) {
      left = this.binaryFn(left, token.fn, this.logicalAND());
    }
    return left;
  },

  equality: function() {
    var left = this.relational();
    var token;
    if ((token = this.expect('==','!=','===','!=='))) {
      left = this.binaryFn(left, token.fn, this.equality());
    }
    return left;
  },

  relational: function() {
    var left = this.additive();
    var token;
    if ((token = this.expect('<', '>', '<=', '>='))) {
      left = this.binaryFn(left, token.fn, this.relational());
    }
    return left;
  },

  additive: function() {
    var left = this.multiplicative();
    var token;
    while ((token = this.expect('+','-'))) {
      left = this.binaryFn(left, token.fn, this.multiplicative());
    }
    return left;
  },

  multiplicative: function() {
    var left = this.unary();
    var token;
    while ((token = this.expect('*','/','%'))) {
      left = this.binaryFn(left, token.fn, this.unary());
    }
    return left;
  },

  unary: function() {
    var token;
    if (this.expect('+')) {
      return this.primary();
    } else if ((token = this.expect('-'))) {
      return this.binaryFn(Parser.ZERO, token.fn, this.unary());
    } else if ((token = this.expect('!'))) {
      return this.unaryFn(token.fn, this.unary());
    } else {
      return this.primary();
    }
  },

  fieldAccess: function(object) {
    var parser = this;
    var field = this.expect().text;
    var getter = getterFn(field, this.options, this.text);

    return extend(function(scope, locals, self) {
      return getter(self || object(scope, locals));
    }, {
      assign: function(scope, value, locals) {
        return setter(object(scope, locals), field, value, parser.text);
      }
    });
  },

  objectIndex: function(obj) {
    var parser = this;

    var indexFn = this.expression();
    this.consume(']');

    return extend(function(self, locals) {
      var o = obj(self, locals),
          i = indexFn(self, locals),
          v;

      ensureSafeMemberName(i, parser.text);
      if (!o) return undefined;
      v = ensureSafeObject(o[i], parser.text);
      return v;
    }, {
      assign: function(self, value, locals) {
        var key = indexFn(self, locals);
        // prevent overwriting of Function.constructor which would break ensureSafeObject check
        var safe = ensureSafeObject(obj(self, locals), parser.text);
        return safe[key] = value;
      }
    });
  },

  functionCall: function(fn, contextGetter) {
    var argsFn = [];
    if (this.peekToken().text !== ')') {
      do {
        argsFn.push(this.expression());
      } while (this.expect(','));
    }
    this.consume(')');

    var parser = this;

    return function(scope, locals) {
      var args = [];
      var context = contextGetter ? contextGetter(scope, locals) : scope;

      for (var i = 0; i < argsFn.length; i++) {
        args.push(argsFn[i](scope, locals));
      }
      var fnPtr = fn(scope, locals, context) || noop;

      ensureSafeObject(context, parser.text);
      ensureSafeFunction(fnPtr, parser.text);

      // IE stupidity! (IE doesn't have apply for some native functions)
      var v = fnPtr.apply
            ? fnPtr.apply(context, args)
            : fnPtr(args[0], args[1], args[2], args[3], args[4]);

      return ensureSafeObject(v, parser.text);
    };
  },

  // This is used with json array declaration
  arrayDeclaration: function () {
    var elementFns = [];
    var allConstant = true;
    if (this.peekToken().text !== ']') {
      do {
        if (this.peek(']')) {
          // Support trailing commas per ES5.1.
          break;
        }
        var elementFn = this.expression();
        elementFns.push(elementFn);
        if (!elementFn.constant) {
          allConstant = false;
        }
      } while (this.expect(','));
    }
    this.consume(']');

    return extend(function(self, locals) {
      var array = [];
      for (var i = 0; i < elementFns.length; i++) {
        array.push(elementFns[i](self, locals));
      }
      return array;
    }, {
      literal: true,
      constant: allConstant
    });
  },

  object: function () {
    var keyValues = [];
    var allConstant = true;
    if (this.peekToken().text !== '}') {
      do {
        if (this.peek('}')) {
          // Support trailing commas per ES5.1.
          break;
        }
        var token = this.expect(),
        key = token.string || token.text;
        this.consume(':');
        var value = this.expression();
        keyValues.push({key: key, value: value});
        if (!value.constant) {
          allConstant = false;
        }
      } while (this.expect(','));
    }
    this.consume('}');

    return extend(function(self, locals) {
      var object = {};
      for (var i = 0; i < keyValues.length; i++) {
        var keyValue = keyValues[i];
        object[keyValue.key] = keyValue.value(self, locals);
      }
      return object;
    }, {
      literal: true,
      constant: allConstant
    });
  }
};


//////////////////////////////////////////////////
// Parser helper functions
//////////////////////////////////////////////////

function setter(obj, path, setValue, fullExp) {

  var element = path.split('.'), key;
  for (var i = 0; element.length > 1; i++) {
    key = ensureSafeMemberName(element.shift(), fullExp);
    var propertyObj = obj[key];
    if (!propertyObj) {
      propertyObj = {};
      obj[key] = propertyObj;
    }
    obj = propertyObj;
  }
  key = ensureSafeMemberName(element.shift(), fullExp);
  ensureSafeObject(obj, fullExp);
  ensureSafeObject(obj[key], fullExp);
  obj[key] = setValue;
  return setValue;
}

var getterFnCache = {};

/**
 * Implementation of the "Black Hole" variant from:
 * - http://jsperf.com/angularjs-parse-getter/4
 * - http://jsperf.com/path-evaluation-simplified/7
 */
function cspSafeGetterFn(key0, key1, key2, key3, key4, fullExp) {
  ensureSafeMemberName(key0, fullExp);
  ensureSafeMemberName(key1, fullExp);
  ensureSafeMemberName(key2, fullExp);
  ensureSafeMemberName(key3, fullExp);
  ensureSafeMemberName(key4, fullExp);

  return function cspSafeGetter(scope, locals) {
    var pathVal = (locals && locals.hasOwnProperty(key0)) ? locals : scope;

    if (pathVal == null) return pathVal;
    pathVal = pathVal[key0];

    if (!key1) return pathVal;
    if (pathVal == null) return undefined;
    pathVal = pathVal[key1];

    if (!key2) return pathVal;
    if (pathVal == null) return undefined;
    pathVal = pathVal[key2];

    if (!key3) return pathVal;
    if (pathVal == null) return undefined;
    pathVal = pathVal[key3];

    if (!key4) return pathVal;
    if (pathVal == null) return undefined;
    pathVal = pathVal[key4];

    return pathVal;
  };
}

function getterFn(path, options, fullExp) {
  // Check whether the cache has this getter already.
  // We can use hasOwnProperty directly on the cache because we ensure,
  // see below, that the cache never stores a path called 'hasOwnProperty'
  if (getterFnCache.hasOwnProperty(path)) {
    return getterFnCache[path];
  }

  var pathKeys = path.split('.'),
      pathKeysLength = pathKeys.length,
      fn;

  // http://jsperf.com/angularjs-parse-getter/6
  if (options.csp) {
    if (pathKeysLength < 6) {
      fn = cspSafeGetterFn(pathKeys[0], pathKeys[1], pathKeys[2], pathKeys[3], pathKeys[4], fullExp);
    } else {
      fn = function(scope, locals) {
        var i = 0, val;
        do {
          val = cspSafeGetterFn(pathKeys[i++], pathKeys[i++], pathKeys[i++], pathKeys[i++],
                                pathKeys[i++], fullExp)(scope, locals);

          locals = undefined; // clear after first iteration
          scope = val;
        } while (i < pathKeysLength);
        return val;
      };
    }
  } else {
    var code = 'var p;\n';
    forEach(pathKeys, function(key, index) {
      ensureSafeMemberName(key, fullExp);
      code += 'if(s == null) return undefined;\n' +
              's='+ (index
                      // we simply dereference 's' on any .dot notation
                      ? 's'
                      // but if we are first then we check locals first, and if so read it first
                      : '((k&&k.hasOwnProperty("' + key + '"))?k:s)') + '.' + key + ';\n';
    });
    code += 'return s;';

    /* jshint -W054 */
    var evaledFnGetter = new Function('s', 'k', code); // s=scope, k=locals
    /* jshint +W054 */
    evaledFnGetter.toString = valueFn(code);
    fn = evaledFnGetter;
  }

  // Only cache the value if it's not going to mess up the cache object
  // This is more performant that using Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call
  if (path !== 'hasOwnProperty') {
    getterFnCache[path] = fn;
  }
  return fn;
}

///////////////////////////////////

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $parse
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 *
 * Converts Angular {@link guide/expression expression} into a function.
 *
 * ```js
 *   var getter = $parse('user.name');
 *   var setter = getter.assign;
 *   var context = {user:{name:'angular'}};
 *   var locals = {user:{name:'local'}};
 *
 *   expect(getter(context)).toEqual('angular');
 *   setter(context, 'newValue');
 *   expect(context.user.name).toEqual('newValue');
 *   expect(getter(context, locals)).toEqual('local');
 * ```
 *
 *
 * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
 * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
 *
 *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
 *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
 *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
 *      `context`.
 *
 *    The returned function also has the following properties:
 *      * `literal` – `{boolean}` – whether the expression's top-level node is a JavaScript
 *        literal.
 *      * `constant` – `{boolean}` – whether the expression is made entirely of JavaScript
 *        constant literals.
 *      * `assign` – `{?function(context, value)}` – if the expression is assignable, this will be
 *        set to a function to change its value on the given context.
 *
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc provider
 * @name $parseProvider
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * `$parseProvider` can be used for configuring the default behavior of the {@link ng.$parse $parse}
 *  service.
 */
function $ParseProvider() {
  var cache = {};

  var $parseOptions = {
    csp: false
  };


  this.$get = ['$filter', '$sniffer', function($filter, $sniffer) {
    $parseOptions.csp = $sniffer.csp;

    return function(exp, interceptorFn) {
      var parsedExpression, oneTime,
          cacheKey = (exp = trim(exp));

      switch (typeof exp) {
        case 'string':
          if (cache.hasOwnProperty(cacheKey)) {
            parsedExpression = cache[cacheKey];
          } else {
            if (exp.charAt(0) === ':' && exp.charAt(1) === ':') {
              oneTime = true;
              exp = exp.substring(2);
            }

            var lexer = new Lexer($parseOptions);
            var parser = new Parser(lexer, $filter, $parseOptions);
            parsedExpression = parser.parse(exp);

            if (parsedExpression.constant) parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate = constantWatch;
            else if (oneTime) parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate = oneTimeWatch;

            if (cacheKey !== 'hasOwnProperty') {
              // Only cache the value if it's not going to mess up the cache object
              // This is more performant that using Object.prototype.hasOwnProperty.call
              cache[cacheKey] = parsedExpression;
            }
          }
          return addInterceptor(parsedExpression, interceptorFn);

        case 'function':
          return addInterceptor(exp, interceptorFn);

        default:
          return addInterceptor(noop, interceptorFn);
      }
    };

    function oneTimeWatch(scope, listener, objectEquality, deregisterNotifier, parsedExpression) {
      var unwatch, lastValue;
      return unwatch = scope.$watch(function oneTimeWatch(scope) {
        return parsedExpression(scope);
      }, function oneTimeListener(value, old, scope) {
        lastValue = value;
        if (isFunction(listener)) {
          listener.apply(this, arguments);
        }
        if (isDefined(value)) {
          scope.$$postDigest(function () {
            if (isDefined(lastValue)) {
              unwatch();
            }
          });
        }
      }, objectEquality, deregisterNotifier);
    }

    function constantWatch(scope, listener, objectEquality, deregisterNotifier, parsedExpression) {
      var unwatch;
      return unwatch = scope.$watch(function constantWatch(scope) {
        return parsedExpression(scope);
      }, function constantListener(value, old, scope) {
        if (isFunction(listener)) {
          listener.apply(this, arguments);
        }
        unwatch();
      }, objectEquality, deregisterNotifier);
    }

    function addInterceptor(parsedExpression, interceptorFn) {
      if (isFunction(interceptorFn)) {
        var fn = function interceptedExpression(scope, locals) {
          var value = parsedExpression(scope, locals);
          var result = interceptorFn(value, scope, locals);
          // we only return the interceptor's result if the
          // initial value is defined (for bind-once)
          return isDefined(value) ? result : value;
        };
        fn.$$watchDelegate = parsedExpression.$$watchDelegate;
        return fn;
      } else {
        return parsedExpression;
      }
    }
  }];
}

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $q
 * @requires $rootScope
 *
 * @description
 * A promise/deferred implementation inspired by [Kris Kowal's Q](https://github.com/kriskowal/q).
 *
 * $q can be used in two fashions --- One, which is more similar to Kris Kowal's Q or jQuery's Deferred
 * implementations, the other resembles ES6 promises to some degree.
 *
 * # $q constructor
 *
 * The streamlined ES6 style promise is essentially just using $q as a constructor which takes a `resolver`
 * function as the first argument). This is similar to the native Promise implementation from ES6 Harmony,
 * see [MDN](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Promise).
 *
 * While the constructor-style use is supported, not all of the supporting methods from Harmony promises are
 * available yet.
 *
 * It can be used like so:
 *
 * ```js
 * return $q(function(resolve, reject) {
 *   // perform some asynchronous operation, resolve or reject the promise when appropriate.
 *   setInterval(function() {
 *     if (pollStatus > 0) {
 *       resolve(polledValue);
 *     } else if (pollStatus < 0) {
 *       reject(polledValue);
 *     } else {
 *       pollStatus = pollAgain(function(value) {
 *         polledValue = value;
 *       });
 *     }
 *   }, 10000);
 * }).
 *   then(function(value) {
 *     // handle success
 *   }, function(reason) {
 *     // handle failure
 *   });
 * ```
 *
 * Note, progress/notify callbacks are not currently supported via the ES6-style interface.
 *
 * However, the more traditional CommonJS style usage is still available, and documented below.
 *
 * [The CommonJS Promise proposal](http://wiki.commonjs.org/wiki/Promises) describes a promise as an
 * interface for interacting with an object that represents the result of an action that is
 * performed asynchronously, and may or may not be finished at any given point in time.
 *
 * From the perspective of dealing with error handling, deferred and promise APIs are to
 * asynchronous programming what `try`, `catch` and `throw` keywords are to synchronous programming.
 *
 * ```js
 *   // for the purpose of this example let's assume that variables `$q`, `scope` and `okToGreet`
 *   // are available in the current lexical scope (they could have been injected or passed in).
 *
 *   function asyncGreet(name) {
 *     var deferred = $q.defer();
 *
 *     setTimeout(function() {
 *       deferred.notify('About to greet ' + name + '.');
 *
 *       if (okToGreet(name)) {
 *         deferred.resolve('Hello, ' + name + '!');
 *       } else {
 *         deferred.reject('Greeting ' + name + ' is not allowed.');
 *       }
 *     }, 1000);
 *
 *     return deferred.promise;
 *   }
 *
 *   var promise = asyncGreet('Robin Hood');
 *   promise.then(function(greeting) {
 *     alert('Success: ' + greeting);
 *   }, function(reason) {
 *     alert('Failed: ' + reason);
 *   }, function(update) {
 *     alert('Got notification: ' + update);
 *   });
 * ```
 *
 * At first it might not be obvious why this extra complexity is worth the trouble. The payoff
 * comes in the way of guarantees that promise and deferred APIs make, see
 * https://github.com/kriskowal/uncommonjs/blob/master/promises/specification.md.
 *
 * Additionally the promise api allows for composition that is very hard to do with the
 * traditional callback ([CPS](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Continuation-passing_style)) approach.
 * For more on this please see the [Q documentation](https://github.com/kriskowal/q) especially the
 * section on serial or parallel joining of promises.
 *
 * # The Deferred API
 *
 * A new instance of deferred is constructed by calling `$q.defer()`.
 *
 * The purpose of the deferred object is to expose the associated Promise instance as well as APIs
 * that can be used for signaling the successful or unsuccessful completion, as well as the status
 * of the task.
 *
 * **Methods**
 *
 * - `resolve(value)` – resolves the derived promise with the `value`. If the value is a rejection
 *   constructed via `$q.reject`, the promise will be rejected instead.
 * - `reject(reason)` – rejects the derived promise with the `reason`. This is equivalent to
 *   resolving it with a rejection constructed via `$q.reject`.
 * - `notify(value)` - provides updates on the status of the promise's execution. This may be called
 *   multiple times before the promise is either resolved or rejected.
 *
 * **Properties**
 *
 * - promise – `{Promise}` – promise object associated with this deferred.
 *
 *
 * # The Promise API
 *
 * A new promise instance is created when a deferred instance is created and can be retrieved by
 * calling `deferred.promise`.
 *
 * The purpose of the promise object is to allow for interested parties to get access to the result
 * of the deferred task when it completes.
 *
 * **Methods**
 *
 * - `then(successCallback, errorCallback, notifyCallback)` – regardless of when the promise was or
 *   will be resolved or rejected, `then` calls one of the success or error callbacks asynchronously
 *   as soon as the result is available. The callbacks are called with a single argument: the result
 *   or rejection reason. Additionally, the notify callback may be called zero or more times to
 *   provide a progress indication, before the promise is resolved or rejected.
 *
 *   This method *returns a new promise* which is resolved or rejected via the return value of the
 *   `successCallback`, `errorCallback`. It also notifies via the return value of the
 *   `notifyCallback` method. The promise can not be resolved or rejected from the notifyCallback
 *   method.
 *
 * - `catch(errorCallback)` – shorthand for `promise.then(null, errorCallback)`
 *
 * - `finally(callback)` – allows you to observe either the fulfillment or rejection of a promise,
 *   but to do so without modifying the final value. This is useful to release resources or do some
 *   clean-up that needs to be done whether the promise was rejected or resolved. See the [full
 *   specification](https://github.com/kriskowal/q/wiki/API-Reference#promisefinallycallback) for
 *   more information.
 *
 *   Because `finally` is a reserved word in JavaScript and reserved keywords are not supported as
 *   property names by ES3, you'll need to invoke the method like `promise['finally'](callback)` to
 *   make your code IE8 and Android 2.x compatible.
 *
 * # Chaining promises
 *
 * Because calling the `then` method of a promise returns a new derived promise, it is easily
 * possible to create a chain of promises:
 *
 * ```js
 *   promiseB = promiseA.then(function(result) {
 *     return result + 1;
 *   });
 *
 *   // promiseB will be resolved immediately after promiseA is resolved and its value
 *   // will be the result of promiseA incremented by 1
 * ```
 *
 * It is possible to create chains of any length and since a promise can be resolved with another
 * promise (which will defer its resolution further), it is possible to pause/defer resolution of
 * the promises at any point in the chain. This makes it possible to implement powerful APIs like
 * $http's response interceptors.
 *
 *
 * # Differences between Kris Kowal's Q and $q
 *
 *  There are two main differences:
 *
 * - $q is integrated with the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope} Scope model observation
 *   mechanism in angular, which means faster propagation of resolution or rejection into your
 *   models and avoiding unnecessary browser repaints, which would result in flickering UI.
 * - Q has many more features than $q, but that comes at a cost of bytes. $q is tiny, but contains
 *   all the important functionality needed for common async tasks.
 *
 *  # Testing
 *
 *  ```js
 *    it('should simulate promise', inject(function($q, $rootScope) {
 *      var deferred = $q.defer();
 *      var promise = deferred.promise;
 *      var resolvedValue;
 *
 *      promise.then(function(value) { resolvedValue = value; });
 *      expect(resolvedValue).toBeUndefined();
 *
 *      // Simulate resolving of promise
 *      deferred.resolve(123);
 *      // Note that the 'then' function does not get called synchronously.
 *      // This is because we want the promise API to always be async, whether or not
 *      // it got called synchronously or asynchronously.
 *      expect(resolvedValue).toBeUndefined();
 *
 *      // Propagate promise resolution to 'then' functions using $apply().
 *      $rootScope.$apply();
 *      expect(resolvedValue).toEqual(123);
 *    }));
 *  ```
 *
 * @param {function(function, function)} resolver Function which is responsible for resolving or
 *   rejecting the newly created promise. The first parameteter is a function which resolves the
 *   promise, the second parameter is a function which rejects the promise.
 *
 * @returns {Promise} The newly created promise.
 */
function $QProvider() {

  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$exceptionHandler', function($rootScope, $exceptionHandler) {
    return qFactory(function(callback) {
      $rootScope.$evalAsync(callback);
    }, $exceptionHandler);
  }];
}

function $$QProvider() {
  this.$get = ['$browser', '$exceptionHandler', function($browser, $exceptionHandler) {
    return qFactory(function(callback) {
      $browser.defer(callback);
    }, $exceptionHandler);
  }];
}

/**
 * Constructs a promise manager.
 *
 * @param {function(Function)} nextTick Function for executing functions in the next turn.
 * @param {function(...*)} exceptionHandler Function into which unexpected exceptions are passed for
 *     debugging purposes.
 * @returns {object} Promise manager.
 */
function qFactory(nextTick, exceptionHandler) {

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $q#defer
   * @kind function
   *
   * @description
   * Creates a `Deferred` object which represents a task which will finish in the future.
   *
   * @returns {Deferred} Returns a new instance of deferred.
   */
  var defer = function() {
    var pending = [],
        value, deferred;

    deferred = {

      resolve: function(val) {
        if (pending) {
          var callbacks = pending;
          pending = undefined;
          value = ref(val);

          if (callbacks.length) {
            nextTick(function() {
              var callback;
              for (var i = 0, ii = callbacks.length; i < ii; i++) {
                callback = callbacks[i];
                value.then(callback[0], callback[1], callback[2]);
              }
            });
          }
        }
      },


      reject: function(reason) {
        deferred.resolve(createInternalRejectedPromise(reason));
      },


      notify: function(progress) {
        if (pending) {
          var callbacks = pending;

          if (pending.length) {
            nextTick(function() {
              var callback;
              for (var i = 0, ii = callbacks.length; i < ii; i++) {
                callback = callbacks[i];
                callback[2](progress);
              }
            });
          }
        }
      },


      promise: {
        then: function(callback, errback, progressback) {
          var result = defer();

          var wrappedCallback = function(value) {
            try {
              result.resolve((isFunction(callback) ? callback : defaultCallback)(value));
            } catch(e) {
              result.reject(e);
              exceptionHandler(e);
            }
          };

          var wrappedErrback = function(reason) {
            try {
              result.resolve((isFunction(errback) ? errback : defaultErrback)(reason));
            } catch(e) {
              result.reject(e);
              exceptionHandler(e);
            }
          };

          var wrappedProgressback = function(progress) {
            try {
              result.notify((isFunction(progressback) ? progressback : defaultCallback)(progress));
            } catch(e) {
              exceptionHandler(e);
            }
          };

          if (pending) {
            pending.push([wrappedCallback, wrappedErrback, wrappedProgressback]);
          } else {
            value.then(wrappedCallback, wrappedErrback, wrappedProgressback);
          }

          return result.promise;
        },

        "catch": function(callback) {
          return this.then(null, callback);
        },

        "finally": function(callback) {

          function makePromise(value, resolved) {
            var result = defer();
            if (resolved) {
              result.resolve(value);
            } else {
              result.reject(value);
            }
            return result.promise;
          }

          function handleCallback(value, isResolved) {
            var callbackOutput = null;
            try {
              callbackOutput = (callback ||defaultCallback)();
            } catch(e) {
              return makePromise(e, false);
            }
            if (isPromiseLike(callbackOutput)) {
              return callbackOutput.then(function() {
                return makePromise(value, isResolved);
              }, function(error) {
                return makePromise(error, false);
              });
            } else {
              return makePromise(value, isResolved);
            }
          }

          return this.then(function(value) {
            return handleCallback(value, true);
          }, function(error) {
            return handleCallback(error, false);
          });
        }
      }
    };

    return deferred;
  };


  var ref = function(value) {
    if (isPromiseLike(value)) return value;
    return {
      then: function(callback) {
        var result = defer();
        nextTick(function() {
          result.resolve(callback(value));
        });
        return result.promise;
      }
    };
  };


  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $q#reject
   * @kind function
   *
   * @description
   * Creates a promise that is resolved as rejected with the specified `reason`. This api should be
   * used to forward rejection in a chain of promises. If you are dealing with the last promise in
   * a promise chain, you don't need to worry about it.
   *
   * When comparing deferreds/promises to the familiar behavior of try/catch/throw, think of
   * `reject` as the `throw` keyword in JavaScript. This also means that if you "catch" an error via
   * a promise error callback and you want to forward the error to the promise derived from the
   * current promise, you have to "rethrow" the error by returning a rejection constructed via
   * `reject`.
   *
   * ```js
   *   promiseB = promiseA.then(function(result) {
   *     // success: do something and resolve promiseB
   *     //          with the old or a new result
   *     return result;
   *   }, function(reason) {
   *     // error: handle the error if possible and
   *     //        resolve promiseB with newPromiseOrValue,
   *     //        otherwise forward the rejection to promiseB
   *     if (canHandle(reason)) {
   *      // handle the error and recover
   *      return newPromiseOrValue;
   *     }
   *     return $q.reject(reason);
   *   });
   * ```
   *
   * @param {*} reason Constant, message, exception or an object representing the rejection reason.
   * @returns {Promise} Returns a promise that was already resolved as rejected with the `reason`.
   */
  var reject = function(reason) {
    var result = defer();
    result.reject(reason);
    return result.promise;
  };

  var createInternalRejectedPromise = function(reason) {
    return {
      then: function(callback, errback) {
        var result = defer();
        nextTick(function() {
          try {
            result.resolve((isFunction(errback) ? errback : defaultErrback)(reason));
          } catch(e) {
            result.reject(e);
            exceptionHandler(e);
          }
        });
        return result.promise;
      }
    };
  };


  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $q#when
   * @kind function
   *
   * @description
   * Wraps an object that might be a value or a (3rd party) then-able promise into a $q promise.
   * This is useful when you are dealing with an object that might or might not be a promise, or if
   * the promise comes from a source that can't be trusted.
   *
   * @param {*} value Value or a promise
   * @returns {Promise} Returns a promise of the passed value or promise
   */
  var when = function(value, callback, errback, progressback) {
    var result = defer(),
        done;

    var wrappedCallback = function(value) {
      try {
        return (isFunction(callback) ? callback : defaultCallback)(value);
      } catch (e) {
        exceptionHandler(e);
        return reject(e);
      }
    };

    var wrappedErrback = function(reason) {
      try {
        return (isFunction(errback) ? errback : defaultErrback)(reason);
      } catch (e) {
        exceptionHandler(e);
        return reject(e);
      }
    };

    var wrappedProgressback = function(progress) {
      try {
        return (isFunction(progressback) ? progressback : defaultCallback)(progress);
      } catch (e) {
        exceptionHandler(e);
      }
    };

    nextTick(function() {
      ref(value).then(function(value) {
        if (done) return;
        done = true;
        result.resolve(ref(value).then(wrappedCallback, wrappedErrback, wrappedProgressback));
      }, function(reason) {
        if (done) return;
        done = true;
        result.resolve(wrappedErrback(reason));
      }, function(progress) {
        if (done) return;
        result.notify(wrappedProgressback(progress));
      });
    });

    return result.promise;
  };


  function defaultCallback(value) {
    return value;
  }


  function defaultErrback(reason) {
    return reject(reason);
  }


  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $q#all
   * @kind function
   *
   * @description
   * Combines multiple promises into a single promise that is resolved when all of the input
   * promises are resolved.
   *
   * @param {Array.<Promise>|Object.<Promise>} promises An array or hash of promises.
   * @returns {Promise} Returns a single promise that will be resolved with an array/hash of values,
   *   each value corresponding to the promise at the same index/key in the `promises` array/hash.
   *   If any of the promises is resolved with a rejection, this resulting promise will be rejected
   *   with the same rejection value.
   */
  function all(promises) {
    var deferred = defer(),
        counter = 0,
        results = isArray(promises) ? [] : {};

    forEach(promises, function(promise, key) {
      counter++;
      ref(promise).then(function(value) {
        if (results.hasOwnProperty(key)) return;
        results[key] = value;
        if (!(--counter)) deferred.resolve(results);
      }, function(reason) {
        if (results.hasOwnProperty(key)) return;
        deferred.reject(reason);
      });
    });

    if (counter === 0) {
      deferred.resolve(results);
    }

    return deferred.promise;
  }

  var $Q = function Q(resolver) {
    if (!isFunction(resolver)) {
      // TODO(@caitp): minErr this
      throw new TypeError('Expected resolverFn');
    }

    if (!(this instanceof Q)) {
      // More useful when $Q is the Promise itself.
      return new Q(resolver);
    }

    var deferred = defer();

    function resolveFn(value) {
      deferred.resolve(value);
    }

    function rejectFn(reason) {
      deferred.reject(reason);
    }

    resolver(resolveFn, rejectFn);

    return deferred.promise;
  };

  $Q.defer = defer;
  $Q.reject = reject;
  $Q.when = when;
  $Q.all = all;

  return $Q;
}

function $$RAFProvider(){ //rAF
  this.$get = ['$window', '$timeout', function($window, $timeout) {
    var requestAnimationFrame = $window.requestAnimationFrame ||
                                $window.webkitRequestAnimationFrame ||
                                $window.mozRequestAnimationFrame;

    var cancelAnimationFrame = $window.cancelAnimationFrame ||
                               $window.webkitCancelAnimationFrame ||
                               $window.mozCancelAnimationFrame ||
                               $window.webkitCancelRequestAnimationFrame;

    var rafSupported = !!requestAnimationFrame;
    var raf = rafSupported
      ? function(fn) {
          var id = requestAnimationFrame(fn);
          return function() {
            cancelAnimationFrame(id);
          };
        }
      : function(fn) {
          var timer = $timeout(fn, 16.66, false); // 1000 / 60 = 16.666
          return function() {
            $timeout.cancel(timer);
          };
        };

    raf.supported = rafSupported;

    return raf;
  }];
}

/**
 * DESIGN NOTES
 *
 * The design decisions behind the scope are heavily favored for speed and memory consumption.
 *
 * The typical use of scope is to watch the expressions, which most of the time return the same
 * value as last time so we optimize the operation.
 *
 * Closures construction is expensive in terms of speed as well as memory:
 *   - No closures, instead use prototypical inheritance for API
 *   - Internal state needs to be stored on scope directly, which means that private state is
 *     exposed as $$____ properties
 *
 * Loop operations are optimized by using while(count--) { ... }
 *   - this means that in order to keep the same order of execution as addition we have to add
 *     items to the array at the beginning (unshift) instead of at the end (push)
 *
 * Child scopes are created and removed often
 *   - Using an array would be slow since inserts in middle are expensive so we use linked list
 *
 * There are few watches then a lot of observers. This is why you don't want the observer to be
 * implemented in the same way as watch. Watch requires return of initialization function which
 * are expensive to construct.
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc provider
 * @name $rootScopeProvider
 * @description
 *
 * Provider for the $rootScope service.
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc method
 * @name $rootScopeProvider#digestTtl
 * @description
 *
 * Sets the number of `$digest` iterations the scope should attempt to execute before giving up and
 * assuming that the model is unstable.
 *
 * The current default is 10 iterations.
 *
 * In complex applications it's possible that the dependencies between `$watch`s will result in
 * several digest iterations. However if an application needs more than the default 10 digest
 * iterations for its model to stabilize then you should investigate what is causing the model to
 * continuously change during the digest.
 *
 * Increasing the TTL could have performance implications, so you should not change it without
 * proper justification.
 *
 * @param {number} limit The number of digest iterations.
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $rootScope
 * @description
 *
 * Every application has a single root {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope scope}.
 * All other scopes are descendant scopes of the root scope. Scopes provide separation
 * between the model and the view, via a mechanism for watching the model for changes.
 * They also provide an event emission/broadcast and subscription facility. See the
 * {@link guide/scope developer guide on scopes}.
 */
function $RootScopeProvider(){
  var TTL = 10;
  var $rootScopeMinErr = minErr('$rootScope');
  var lastDirtyWatch = null;

  this.digestTtl = function(value) {
    if (arguments.length) {
      TTL = value;
    }
    return TTL;
  };

  this.$get = ['$injector', '$exceptionHandler', '$parse', '$browser',
      function( $injector,   $exceptionHandler,   $parse,   $browser) {

    /**
     * @ngdoc type
     * @name $rootScope.Scope
     *
     * @description
     * A root scope can be retrieved using the {@link ng.$rootScope $rootScope} key from the
     * {@link auto.$injector $injector}. Child scopes are created using the
     * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$new $new()} method. (Most scopes are created automatically when
     * compiled HTML template is executed.)
     *
     * Here is a simple scope snippet to show how you can interact with the scope.
     * ```html
     * <file src="./test/ng/rootScopeSpec.js" tag="docs1" />
     * ```
     *
     * # Inheritance
     * A scope can inherit from a parent scope, as in this example:
     * ```js
         var parent = $rootScope;
         var child = parent.$new();

         parent.salutation = "Hello";
         child.name = "World";
         expect(child.salutation).toEqual('Hello');

         child.salutation = "Welcome";
         expect(child.salutation).toEqual('Welcome');
         expect(parent.salutation).toEqual('Hello');
     * ```
     *
     *
     * @param {Object.<string, function()>=} providers Map of service factory which need to be
     *                                       provided for the current scope. Defaults to {@link ng}.
     * @param {Object.<string, *>=} instanceCache Provides pre-instantiated services which should
     *                              append/override services provided by `providers`. This is handy
     *                              when unit-testing and having the need to override a default
     *                              service.
     * @returns {Object} Newly created scope.
     *
     */
    function Scope() {
      this.$id = nextUid();
      this.$$phase = this.$parent = this.$$watchers =
                     this.$$nextSibling = this.$$prevSibling =
                     this.$$childHead = this.$$childTail = null;
      this['this'] = this.$root =  this;
      this.$$destroyed = false;
      this.$$asyncQueue = [];
      this.$$postDigestQueue = [];
      this.$$listeners = {};
      this.$$listenerCount = {};
      this.$$isolateBindings = {};
    }

    /**
     * @ngdoc property
     * @name $rootScope.Scope#$id
     * @returns {number} Unique scope ID (monotonically increasing alphanumeric sequence) useful for
     *   debugging.
     */


    Scope.prototype = {
      constructor: Scope,
      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$new
       * @kind function
       *
       * @description
       * Creates a new child {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope scope}.
       *
       * The parent scope will propagate the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()} and
       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()} events. The scope can be removed from the
       * scope hierarchy using {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$destroy $destroy()}.
       *
       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$destroy $destroy()} must be called on a scope when it is
       * desired for the scope and its child scopes to be permanently detached from the parent and
       * thus stop participating in model change detection and listener notification by invoking.
       *
       * @param {boolean} isolate If true, then the scope does not prototypically inherit from the
       *         parent scope. The scope is isolated, as it can not see parent scope properties.
       *         When creating widgets, it is useful for the widget to not accidentally read parent
       *         state.
       *
       * @returns {Object} The newly created child scope.
       *
       */
      $new: function(isolate) {
        var ChildScope,
            child;

        if (isolate) {
          child = new Scope();
          child.$root = this.$root;
          // ensure that there is just one async queue per $rootScope and its children
          child.$$asyncQueue = this.$$asyncQueue;
          child.$$postDigestQueue = this.$$postDigestQueue;
        } else {
          // Only create a child scope class if somebody asks for one,
          // but cache it to allow the VM to optimize lookups.
          if (!this.$$childScopeClass) {
            this.$$childScopeClass = function() {
              this.$$watchers = this.$$nextSibling =
                  this.$$childHead = this.$$childTail = null;
              this.$$listeners = {};
              this.$$listenerCount = {};
              this.$id = nextUid();
              this.$$childScopeClass = null;
            };
            this.$$childScopeClass.prototype = this;
          }
          child = new this.$$childScopeClass();
        }
        child['this'] = child;
        child.$parent = this;
        child.$$prevSibling = this.$$childTail;
        if (this.$$childHead) {
          this.$$childTail.$$nextSibling = child;
          this.$$childTail = child;
        } else {
          this.$$childHead = this.$$childTail = child;
        }
        return child;
      },

      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$watch
       * @kind function
       *
       * @description
       * Registers a `listener` callback to be executed whenever the `watchExpression` changes.
       *
       * - The `watchExpression` is called on every call to {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest
       *   $digest()} and should return the value that will be watched. (Since
       *   {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()} reruns when it detects changes the
       *   `watchExpression` can execute multiple times per
       *   {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()} and should be idempotent.)
       * - The `listener` is called only when the value from the current `watchExpression` and the
       *   previous call to `watchExpression` are not equal (with the exception of the initial run,
       *   see below). Inequality is determined according to reference inequality,
       *   [strict comparison](https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Operators/Comparison_Operators)
       *    via the `!==` Javascript operator, unless `objectEquality == true`
       *   (see next point)
       * - When `objectEquality == true`, inequality of the `watchExpression` is determined
       *   according to the {@link angular.equals} function. To save the value of the object for
       *   later comparison, the {@link angular.copy} function is used. This therefore means that
       *   watching complex objects will have adverse memory and performance implications.
       * - The watch `listener` may change the model, which may trigger other `listener`s to fire.
       *   This is achieved by rerunning the watchers until no changes are detected. The rerun
       *   iteration limit is 10 to prevent an infinite loop deadlock.
       *
       *
       * If you want to be notified whenever {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest} is called,
       * you can register a `watchExpression` function with no `listener`. (Since `watchExpression`
       * can execute multiple times per {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest} cycle when a
       * change is detected, be prepared for multiple calls to your listener.)
       *
       * After a watcher is registered with the scope, the `listener` fn is called asynchronously
       * (via {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$evalAsync $evalAsync}) to initialize the
       * watcher. In rare cases, this is undesirable because the listener is called when the result
       * of `watchExpression` didn't change. To detect this scenario within the `listener` fn, you
       * can compare the `newVal` and `oldVal`. If these two values are identical (`===`) then the
       * listener was called due to initialization.
       *
       * The example below contains an illustration of using a function as your $watch listener
       *
       *
       * # Example
       * ```js
           // let's assume that scope was dependency injected as the $rootScope
           var scope = $rootScope;
           scope.name = 'misko';
           scope.counter = 0;

           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
           scope.$watch('name', function(newValue, oldValue) {
             scope.counter = scope.counter + 1;
           });
           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);

           scope.$digest();
           // the listener is always called during the first $digest loop after it was registered
           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);

           scope.$digest();
           // but now it will not be called unless the value changes
           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);

           scope.name = 'adam';
           scope.$digest();
           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(2);


           // Using a listener function
           var food;
           scope.foodCounter = 0;
           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(0);
           scope.$watch(
             // This is the listener function
             function() { return food; },
             // This is the change handler
             function(newValue, oldValue) {
               if ( newValue !== oldValue ) {
                 // Only increment the counter if the value changed
                 scope.foodCounter = scope.foodCounter + 1;
               }
             }
           );
           // No digest has been run so the counter will be zero
           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(0);

           // Run the digest but since food has not changed count will still be zero
           scope.$digest();
           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(0);

           // Update food and run digest.  Now the counter will increment
           food = 'cheeseburger';
           scope.$digest();
           expect(scope.foodCounter).toEqual(1);

       * ```
       *
       *
       *
       * @param {(function()|string)} watchExpression Expression that is evaluated on each
       *    {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest} cycle. A change in the return value triggers
       *    a call to the `listener`.
       *
       *    - `string`: Evaluated as {@link guide/expression expression}
       *    - `function(scope)`: called with current `scope` as a parameter.
       * @param {function(newVal, oldVal, scope)} listener Callback called whenever the value
       *    of `watchExpression` changes.
       *
       *    - `newVal` contains the current value of the `watchExpression`
       *    - `oldVal` contains the previous value of the `watchExpression`
       *    - `scope` refers to the current scope
       * @param {boolean=} objectEquality Compare for object equality using {@link angular.equals} instead of
       *     comparing for reference equality.
       * @param {function()=} deregisterNotifier Function to call when the deregistration function
       *     get called.
       * @returns {function()} Returns a deregistration function for this listener.
       */
      $watch: function(watchExp, listener, objectEquality, deregisterNotifier) {
        var get = compileToFn(watchExp, 'watch');

        if (get.$$watchDelegate) {
          return get.$$watchDelegate(this, listener, objectEquality, deregisterNotifier, get);
        }
        var scope = this,
            array = scope.$$watchers,
            watcher = {
              fn: listener,
              last: initWatchVal,
              get: get,
              exp: watchExp,
              eq: !!objectEquality
            };

        lastDirtyWatch = null;

        if (!isFunction(listener)) {
          watcher.fn = noop;
        }

        if (!array) {
          array = scope.$$watchers = [];
        }
        // we use unshift since we use a while loop in $digest for speed.
        // the while loop reads in reverse order.
        array.unshift(watcher);

        return function deregisterWatch() {
          arrayRemove(array, watcher);
          lastDirtyWatch = null;
          if (isFunction(deregisterNotifier)) {
            deregisterNotifier();
          }
        };
      },

      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$watchGroup
       * @kind function
       *
       * @description
       * A variant of {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch $watch()} where it watches an array of `watchExpressions`.
       * If any one expression in the collection changes the `listener` is executed.
       *
       * - The items in the `watchExpressions` array are observed via standard $watch operation and are examined on every
       *   call to $digest() to see if any items changes.
       * - The `listener` is called whenever any expression in the `watchExpressions` array changes.
       *
       * @param {Array.<string|Function(scope)>} watchExpressions Array of expressions that will be individually
       * watched using {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch $watch()}
       *
       * @param {function(newValues, oldValues, scope)} listener Callback called whenever the return value of any
       *    expression in `watchExpressions` changes
       *    The `newValues` array contains the current values of the `watchExpressions`, with the indexes matching
       *    those of `watchExpression`
       *    and the `oldValues` array contains the previous values of the `watchExpressions`, with the indexes matching
       *    those of `watchExpression`
       *    The `scope` refers to the current scope.
       * @returns {function()} Returns a de-registration function for all listeners.
       */
      $watchGroup: function(watchExpressions, listener) {
        var oldValues = new Array(watchExpressions.length);
        var newValues = new Array(watchExpressions.length);
        var deregisterFns = [];
        var changeCount = 0;
        var self = this;
        var masterUnwatch;

        if (watchExpressions.length === 1) {
          // Special case size of one
          return this.$watch(watchExpressions[0], function watchGroupAction(value, oldValue, scope) {
            newValues[0] = value;
            oldValues[0] = oldValue;
            listener.call(this, newValues, (value === oldValue) ? newValues : oldValues, scope);
          });
        }

        forEach(watchExpressions, function (expr, i) {
          var unwatch = self.$watch(expr, function watchGroupSubAction(value, oldValue) {
            newValues[i] = value;
            oldValues[i] = oldValue;
            changeCount++;
          }, false, function watchGroupDeregNotifier() {
            arrayRemove(deregisterFns, unwatch);
            if (!deregisterFns.length) {
              masterUnwatch();
            }
          });

          deregisterFns.push(unwatch);
        }, this);

        masterUnwatch = self.$watch(function watchGroupChangeWatch() {
          return changeCount;
        }, function watchGroupChangeAction(value, oldValue) {
          listener(newValues, (value === oldValue) ? newValues : oldValues, self);
        });

        return function deregisterWatchGroup() {
          while (deregisterFns.length) {
            deregisterFns[0]();
          }
        };
      },


      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$watchCollection
       * @kind function
       *
       * @description
       * Shallow watches the properties of an object and fires whenever any of the properties change
       * (for arrays, this implies watching the array items; for object maps, this implies watching
       * the properties). If a change is detected, the `listener` callback is fired.
       *
       * - The `obj` collection is observed via standard $watch operation and is examined on every
       *   call to $digest() to see if any items have been added, removed, or moved.
       * - The `listener` is called whenever anything within the `obj` has changed. Examples include
       *   adding, removing, and moving items belonging to an object or array.
       *
       *
       * # Example
       * ```js
          $scope.names = ['igor', 'matias', 'misko', 'james'];
          $scope.dataCount = 4;

          $scope.$watchCollection('names', function(newNames, oldNames) {
            $scope.dataCount = newNames.length;
          });

          expect($scope.dataCount).toEqual(4);
          $scope.$digest();

          //still at 4 ... no changes
          expect($scope.dataCount).toEqual(4);

          $scope.names.pop();
          $scope.$digest();

          //now there's been a change
          expect($scope.dataCount).toEqual(3);
       * ```
       *
       *
       * @param {string|function(scope)} obj Evaluated as {@link guide/expression expression}. The
       *    expression value should evaluate to an object or an array which is observed on each
       *    {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest} cycle. Any shallow change within the
       *    collection will trigger a call to the `listener`.
       *
       * @param {function(newCollection, oldCollection, scope)} listener a callback function called
       *    when a change is detected.
       *    - The `newCollection` object is the newly modified data obtained from the `obj` expression
       *    - The `oldCollection` object is a copy of the former collection data.
       *      Due to performance considerations, the`oldCollection` value is computed only if the
       *      `listener` function declares two or more arguments.
       *    - The `scope` argument refers to the current scope.
       *
       * @returns {function()} Returns a de-registration function for this listener. When the
       *    de-registration function is executed, the internal watch operation is terminated.
       */
      $watchCollection: function(obj, listener) {
        var self = this;
        // the current value, updated on each dirty-check run
        var newValue;
        // a shallow copy of the newValue from the last dirty-check run,
        // updated to match newValue during dirty-check run
        var oldValue;
        // a shallow copy of the newValue from when the last change happened
        var veryOldValue;
        // only track veryOldValue if the listener is asking for it
        var trackVeryOldValue = (listener.length > 1);
        var changeDetected = 0;
        var changeDetector = $parse(obj, $watchCollectionInterceptor);
        var internalArray = [];
        var internalObject = {};
        var initRun = true;
        var oldLength = 0;

        function $watchCollectionInterceptor(_value) {
          newValue = _value;
          var newLength, key, bothNaN;

          if (!isObject(newValue)) { // if primitive
            if (oldValue !== newValue) {
              oldValue = newValue;
              changeDetected++;
            }
          } else if (isArrayLike(newValue)) {
            if (oldValue !== internalArray) {
              // we are transitioning from something which was not an array into array.
              oldValue = internalArray;
              oldLength = oldValue.length = 0;
              changeDetected++;
            }

            newLength = newValue.length;

            if (oldLength !== newLength) {
              // if lengths do not match we need to trigger change notification
              changeDetected++;
              oldValue.length = oldLength = newLength;
            }
            // copy the items to oldValue and look for changes.
            for (var i = 0; i < newLength; i++) {
              bothNaN = (oldValue[i] !== oldValue[i]) &&
                  (newValue[i] !== newValue[i]);
              if (!bothNaN && (oldValue[i] !== newValue[i])) {
                changeDetected++;
                oldValue[i] = newValue[i];
              }
            }
          } else {
            if (oldValue !== internalObject) {
              // we are transitioning from something which was not an object into object.
              oldValue = internalObject = {};
              oldLength = 0;
              changeDetected++;
            }
            // copy the items to oldValue and look for changes.
            newLength = 0;
            for (key in newValue) {
              if (newValue.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
                newLength++;
                if (oldValue.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
                  bothNaN = (oldValue[key] !== oldValue[key]) &&
                      (newValue[key] !== newValue[key]);
                  if (!bothNaN && (oldValue[key] !== newValue[key])) {
                    changeDetected++;
                    oldValue[key] = newValue[key];
                  }
                } else {
                  oldLength++;
                  oldValue[key] = newValue[key];
                  changeDetected++;
                }
              }
            }
            if (oldLength > newLength) {
              // we used to have more keys, need to find them and destroy them.
              changeDetected++;
              for(key in oldValue) {
                if (oldValue.hasOwnProperty(key) && !newValue.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
                  oldLength--;
                  delete oldValue[key];
                }
              }
            }
          }
          return changeDetected;
        }

        function $watchCollectionAction() {
          if (initRun) {
            initRun = false;
            listener(newValue, newValue, self);
          } else {
            listener(newValue, veryOldValue, self);
          }

          // make a copy for the next time a collection is changed
          if (trackVeryOldValue) {
            if (!isObject(newValue)) {
              //primitive
              veryOldValue = newValue;
            } else if (isArrayLike(newValue)) {
              veryOldValue = new Array(newValue.length);
              for (var i = 0; i < newValue.length; i++) {
                veryOldValue[i] = newValue[i];
              }
            } else { // if object
              veryOldValue = {};
              for (var key in newValue) {
                if (hasOwnProperty.call(newValue, key)) {
                  veryOldValue[key] = newValue[key];
                }
              }
            }
          }
        }

        return this.$watch(changeDetector, $watchCollectionAction);
      },

      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$digest
       * @kind function
       *
       * @description
       * Processes all of the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watchers} of the current scope and
       * its children. Because a {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watcher}'s listener can change
       * the model, the `$digest()` keeps calling the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watchers}
       * until no more listeners are firing. This means that it is possible to get into an infinite
       * loop. This function will throw `'Maximum iteration limit exceeded.'` if the number of
       * iterations exceeds 10.
       *
       * Usually, you don't call `$digest()` directly in
       * {@link ng.directive:ngController controllers} or in
       * {@link ng.$compileProvider#directive directives}.
       * Instead, you should call {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$apply $apply()} (typically from within
       * a {@link ng.$compileProvider#directive directive}), which will force a `$digest()`.
       *
       * If you want to be notified whenever `$digest()` is called,
       * you can register a `watchExpression` function with
       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch $watch()} with no `listener`.
       *
       * In unit tests, you may need to call `$digest()` to simulate the scope life cycle.
       *
       * # Example
       * ```js
           var scope = ...;
           scope.name = 'misko';
           scope.counter = 0;

           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);
           scope.$watch('name', function(newValue, oldValue) {
             scope.counter = scope.counter + 1;
           });
           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(0);

           scope.$digest();
           // the listener is always called during the first $digest loop after it was registered
           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);

           scope.$digest();
           // but now it will not be called unless the value changes
           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(1);

           scope.name = 'adam';
           scope.$digest();
           expect(scope.counter).toEqual(2);
       * ```
       *
       */
      $digest: function() {
        var watch, value, last,
            watchers,
            asyncQueue = this.$$asyncQueue,
            postDigestQueue = this.$$postDigestQueue,
            length,
            dirty, ttl = TTL,
            next, current, target = this,
            watchLog = [],
            logIdx, logMsg, asyncTask;

        beginPhase('$digest');

        lastDirtyWatch = null;

        do { // "while dirty" loop
          dirty = false;
          current = target;

          while(asyncQueue.length) {
            try {
              asyncTask = asyncQueue.shift();
              asyncTask.scope.$eval(asyncTask.expression);
            } catch (e) {
              clearPhase();
              $exceptionHandler(e);
            }
            lastDirtyWatch = null;
          }

          traverseScopesLoop:
          do { // "traverse the scopes" loop
            if ((watchers = current.$$watchers)) {
              // process our watches
              length = watchers.length;
              while (length--) {
                try {
                  watch = watchers[length];
                  // Most common watches are on primitives, in which case we can short
                  // circuit it with === operator, only when === fails do we use .equals
                  if (watch) {
                    if ((value = watch.get(current)) !== (last = watch.last) &&
                        !(watch.eq
                            ? equals(value, last)
                            : (typeof value === 'number' && typeof last === 'number'
                               && isNaN(value) && isNaN(last)))) {
                      dirty = true;
                      lastDirtyWatch = watch;
                      watch.last = watch.eq ? copy(value, null) : value;
                      watch.fn(value, ((last === initWatchVal) ? value : last), current);
                      if (ttl < 5) {
                        logIdx = 4 - ttl;
                        if (!watchLog[logIdx]) watchLog[logIdx] = [];
                        logMsg = (isFunction(watch.exp))
                            ? 'fn: ' + (watch.exp.name || watch.exp.toString())
                            : watch.exp;
                        logMsg += '; newVal: ' + toJson(value) + '; oldVal: ' + toJson(last);
                        watchLog[logIdx].push(logMsg);
                      }
                    } else if (watch === lastDirtyWatch) {
                      // If the most recently dirty watcher is now clean, short circuit since the remaining watchers
                      // have already been tested.
                      dirty = false;
                      break traverseScopesLoop;
                    }
                  }
                } catch (e) {
                  clearPhase();
                  $exceptionHandler(e);
                }
              }
            }

            // Insanity Warning: scope depth-first traversal
            // yes, this code is a bit crazy, but it works and we have tests to prove it!
            // this piece should be kept in sync with the traversal in $broadcast
            if (!(next = (current.$$childHead ||
                (current !== target && current.$$nextSibling)))) {
              while(current !== target && !(next = current.$$nextSibling)) {
                current = current.$parent;
              }
            }
          } while ((current = next));

          // `break traverseScopesLoop;` takes us to here

          if((dirty || asyncQueue.length) && !(ttl--)) {
            clearPhase();
            throw $rootScopeMinErr('infdig',
                '{0} $digest() iterations reached. Aborting!\n' +
                'Watchers fired in the last 5 iterations: {1}',
                TTL, toJson(watchLog));
          }

        } while (dirty || asyncQueue.length);

        clearPhase();

        while(postDigestQueue.length) {
          try {
            postDigestQueue.shift()();
          } catch (e) {
            $exceptionHandler(e);
          }
        }
      },


      /**
       * @ngdoc event
       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$destroy
       * @eventType broadcast on scope being destroyed
       *
       * @description
       * Broadcasted when a scope and its children are being destroyed.
       *
       * Note that, in AngularJS, there is also a `$destroy` jQuery event, which can be used to
       * clean up DOM bindings before an element is removed from the DOM.
       */

      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$destroy
       * @kind function
       *
       * @description
       * Removes the current scope (and all of its children) from the parent scope. Removal implies
       * that calls to {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()} will no longer
       * propagate to the current scope and its children. Removal also implies that the current
       * scope is eligible for garbage collection.
       *
       * The `$destroy()` is usually used by directives such as
       * {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat ngRepeat} for managing the
       * unrolling of the loop.
       *
       * Just before a scope is destroyed, a `$destroy` event is broadcasted on this scope.
       * Application code can register a `$destroy` event handler that will give it a chance to
       * perform any necessary cleanup.
       *
       * Note that, in AngularJS, there is also a `$destroy` jQuery event, which can be used to
       * clean up DOM bindings before an element is removed from the DOM.
       */
      $destroy: function() {
        // we can't destroy the root scope or a scope that has been already destroyed
        if (this.$$destroyed) return;
        var parent = this.$parent;

        this.$broadcast('$destroy');
        this.$$destroyed = true;
        if (this === $rootScope) return;

        forEach(this.$$listenerCount, bind(null, decrementListenerCount, this));

        // sever all the references to parent scopes (after this cleanup, the current scope should
        // not be retained by any of our references and should be eligible for garbage collection)
        if (parent.$$childHead == this) parent.$$childHead = this.$$nextSibling;
        if (parent.$$childTail == this) parent.$$childTail = this.$$prevSibling;
        if (this.$$prevSibling) this.$$prevSibling.$$nextSibling = this.$$nextSibling;
        if (this.$$nextSibling) this.$$nextSibling.$$prevSibling = this.$$prevSibling;


        // All of the code below is bogus code that works around V8's memory leak via optimized code
        // and inline caches.
        //
        // see:
        // - https://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=2073#c26
        // - https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/6794#issuecomment-38648909
        // - https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/1313#issuecomment-10378451

        this.$parent = this.$$nextSibling = this.$$prevSibling = this.$$childHead =
            this.$$childTail = this.$root = null;

        // don't reset these to null in case some async task tries to register a listener/watch/task
        this.$$listeners = {};
        this.$$watchers = this.$$asyncQueue = this.$$postDigestQueue = [];

        // prevent NPEs since these methods have references to properties we nulled out
        this.$destroy = this.$digest = this.$apply = noop;
        this.$on = this.$watch = this.$watchGroup = function() { return noop; };
      },

      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$eval
       * @kind function
       *
       * @description
       * Executes the `expression` on the current scope and returns the result. Any exceptions in
       * the expression are propagated (uncaught). This is useful when evaluating Angular
       * expressions.
       *
       * # Example
       * ```js
           var scope = ng.$rootScope.Scope();
           scope.a = 1;
           scope.b = 2;

           expect(scope.$eval('a+b')).toEqual(3);
           expect(scope.$eval(function(scope){ return scope.a + scope.b; })).toEqual(3);
       * ```
       *
       * @param {(string|function())=} expression An angular expression to be executed.
       *
       *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in  {@link guide/expression expression}.
       *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with the current `scope` parameter.
       *
       * @param {(object)=} locals Local variables object, useful for overriding values in scope.
       * @returns {*} The result of evaluating the expression.
       */
      $eval: function(expr, locals) {
        return $parse(expr)(this, locals);
      },

      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$evalAsync
       * @kind function
       *
       * @description
       * Executes the expression on the current scope at a later point in time.
       *
       * The `$evalAsync` makes no guarantees as to when the `expression` will be executed, only
       * that:
       *
       *   - it will execute after the function that scheduled the evaluation (preferably before DOM
       *     rendering).
       *   - at least one {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest cycle} will be performed after
       *     `expression` execution.
       *
       * Any exceptions from the execution of the expression are forwarded to the
       * {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
       *
       * __Note:__ if this function is called outside of a `$digest` cycle, a new `$digest` cycle
       * will be scheduled. However, it is encouraged to always call code that changes the model
       * from within an `$apply` call. That includes code evaluated via `$evalAsync`.
       *
       * @param {(string|function())=} expression An angular expression to be executed.
       *
       *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in {@link guide/expression expression}.
       *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with the current `scope` parameter.
       *
       */
      $evalAsync: function(expr) {
        // if we are outside of an $digest loop and this is the first time we are scheduling async
        // task also schedule async auto-flush
        if (!$rootScope.$$phase && !$rootScope.$$asyncQueue.length) {
          $browser.defer(function() {
            if ($rootScope.$$asyncQueue.length) {
              $rootScope.$digest();
            }
          });
        }

        this.$$asyncQueue.push({scope: this, expression: expr});
      },

      $$postDigest : function(fn) {
        this.$$postDigestQueue.push(fn);
      },

      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$apply
       * @kind function
       *
       * @description
       * `$apply()` is used to execute an expression in angular from outside of the angular
       * framework. (For example from browser DOM events, setTimeout, XHR or third party libraries).
       * Because we are calling into the angular framework we need to perform proper scope life
       * cycle of {@link ng.$exceptionHandler exception handling},
       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest executing watches}.
       *
       * ## Life cycle
       *
       * # Pseudo-Code of `$apply()`
       * ```js
           function $apply(expr) {
             try {
               return $eval(expr);
             } catch (e) {
               $exceptionHandler(e);
             } finally {
               $root.$digest();
             }
           }
       * ```
       *
       *
       * Scope's `$apply()` method transitions through the following stages:
       *
       * 1. The {@link guide/expression expression} is executed using the
       *    {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$eval $eval()} method.
       * 2. Any exceptions from the execution of the expression are forwarded to the
       *    {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
       * 3. The {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$watch watch} listeners are fired immediately after the
       *    expression was executed using the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$digest $digest()} method.
       *
       *
       * @param {(string|function())=} exp An angular expression to be executed.
       *
       *    - `string`: execute using the rules as defined in {@link guide/expression expression}.
       *    - `function(scope)`: execute the function with current `scope` parameter.
       *
       * @returns {*} The result of evaluating the expression.
       */
      $apply: function(expr) {
        try {
          beginPhase('$apply');
          return this.$eval(expr);
        } catch (e) {
          $exceptionHandler(e);
        } finally {
          clearPhase();
          try {
            $rootScope.$digest();
          } catch (e) {
            $exceptionHandler(e);
            throw e;
          }
        }
      },

      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$on
       * @kind function
       *
       * @description
       * Listens on events of a given type. See {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$emit $emit} for
       * discussion of event life cycle.
       *
       * The event listener function format is: `function(event, args...)`. The `event` object
       * passed into the listener has the following attributes:
       *
       *   - `targetScope` - `{Scope}`: the scope on which the event was `$emit`-ed or
       *     `$broadcast`-ed.
       *   - `currentScope` - `{Scope}`: the scope that is currently handling the event. Once the
       *     event propagates through the scope hierarchy, this property is set to null.
       *   - `name` - `{string}`: name of the event.
       *   - `stopPropagation` - `{function=}`: calling `stopPropagation` function will cancel
       *     further event propagation (available only for events that were `$emit`-ed).
       *   - `preventDefault` - `{function}`: calling `preventDefault` sets `defaultPrevented` flag
       *     to true.
       *   - `defaultPrevented` - `{boolean}`: true if `preventDefault` was called.
       *
       * @param {string} name Event name to listen on.
       * @param {function(event, ...args)} listener Function to call when the event is emitted.
       * @returns {function()} Returns a deregistration function for this listener.
       */
      $on: function(name, listener) {
        var namedListeners = this.$$listeners[name];
        if (!namedListeners) {
          this.$$listeners[name] = namedListeners = [];
        }
        namedListeners.push(listener);

        var current = this;
        do {
          if (!current.$$listenerCount[name]) {
            current.$$listenerCount[name] = 0;
          }
          current.$$listenerCount[name]++;
        } while ((current = current.$parent));

        var self = this;
        return function() {
          namedListeners[indexOf(namedListeners, listener)] = null;
          decrementListenerCount(self, 1, name);
        };
      },


      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$emit
       * @kind function
       *
       * @description
       * Dispatches an event `name` upwards through the scope hierarchy notifying the
       * registered {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on} listeners.
       *
       * The event life cycle starts at the scope on which `$emit` was called. All
       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on listeners} listening for `name` event on this scope get
       * notified. Afterwards, the event traverses upwards toward the root scope and calls all
       * registered listeners along the way. The event will stop propagating if one of the listeners
       * cancels it.
       *
       * Any exception emitted from the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on listeners} will be passed
       * onto the {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
       *
       * @param {string} name Event name to emit.
       * @param {...*} args Optional one or more arguments which will be passed onto the event listeners.
       * @return {Object} Event object (see {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on}).
       */
      $emit: function(name, args) {
        var empty = [],
            namedListeners,
            scope = this,
            stopPropagation = false,
            event = {
              name: name,
              targetScope: scope,
              stopPropagation: function() {stopPropagation = true;},
              preventDefault: function() {
                event.defaultPrevented = true;
              },
              defaultPrevented: false
            },
            listenerArgs = concat([event], arguments, 1),
            i, length;

        do {
          namedListeners = scope.$$listeners[name] || empty;
          event.currentScope = scope;
          for (i=0, length=namedListeners.length; i<length; i++) {

            // if listeners were deregistered, defragment the array
            if (!namedListeners[i]) {
              namedListeners.splice(i, 1);
              i--;
              length--;
              continue;
            }
            try {
              //allow all listeners attached to the current scope to run
              namedListeners[i].apply(null, listenerArgs);
            } catch (e) {
              $exceptionHandler(e);
            }
          }
          //if any listener on the current scope stops propagation, prevent bubbling
          if (stopPropagation) {
            event.currentScope = null;
            return event;
          }
          //traverse upwards
          scope = scope.$parent;
        } while (scope);

        event.currentScope = null;

        return event;
      },


      /**
       * @ngdoc method
       * @name $rootScope.Scope#$broadcast
       * @kind function
       *
       * @description
       * Dispatches an event `name` downwards to all child scopes (and their children) notifying the
       * registered {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on} listeners.
       *
       * The event life cycle starts at the scope on which `$broadcast` was called. All
       * {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on listeners} listening for `name` event on this scope get
       * notified. Afterwards, the event propagates to all direct and indirect scopes of the current
       * scope and calls all registered listeners along the way. The event cannot be canceled.
       *
       * Any exception emitted from the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on listeners} will be passed
       * onto the {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
       *
       * @param {string} name Event name to broadcast.
       * @param {...*} args Optional one or more arguments which will be passed onto the event listeners.
       * @return {Object} Event object, see {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$on}
       */
      $broadcast: function(name, args) {
        var target = this,
            current = target,
            next = target,
            event = {
              name: name,
              targetScope: target,
              preventDefault: function() {
                event.defaultPrevented = true;
              },
              defaultPrevented: false
            },
            listenerArgs = concat([event], arguments, 1),
            listeners, i, length;

        //down while you can, then up and next sibling or up and next sibling until back at root
        while ((current = next)) {
          event.currentScope = current;
          listeners = current.$$listeners[name] || [];
          for (i=0, length = listeners.length; i<length; i++) {
            // if listeners were deregistered, defragment the array
            if (!listeners[i]) {
              listeners.splice(i, 1);
              i--;
              length--;
              continue;
            }

            try {
              listeners[i].apply(null, listenerArgs);
            } catch(e) {
              $exceptionHandler(e);
            }
          }

          // Insanity Warning: scope depth-first traversal
          // yes, this code is a bit crazy, but it works and we have tests to prove it!
          // this piece should be kept in sync with the traversal in $digest
          // (though it differs due to having the extra check for $$listenerCount)
          if (!(next = ((current.$$listenerCount[name] && current.$$childHead) ||
              (current !== target && current.$$nextSibling)))) {
            while(current !== target && !(next = current.$$nextSibling)) {
              current = current.$parent;
            }
          }
        }

        event.currentScope = null;
        return event;
      }
    };

    var $rootScope = new Scope();

    return $rootScope;


    function beginPhase(phase) {
      if ($rootScope.$$phase) {
        throw $rootScopeMinErr('inprog', '{0} already in progress', $rootScope.$$phase);
      }

      $rootScope.$$phase = phase;
    }

    function clearPhase() {
      $rootScope.$$phase = null;
    }

    function compileToFn(exp, name) {
      var fn = $parse(exp);
      assertArgFn(fn, name);
      return fn;
    }

    function decrementListenerCount(current, count, name) {
      do {
        current.$$listenerCount[name] -= count;

        if (current.$$listenerCount[name] === 0) {
          delete current.$$listenerCount[name];
        }
      } while ((current = current.$parent));
    }

    /**
     * function used as an initial value for watchers.
     * because it's unique we can easily tell it apart from other values
     */
    function initWatchVal() {}
  }];
}

/**
 * @description
 * Private service to sanitize uris for links and images. Used by $compile and $sanitize.
 */
function $$SanitizeUriProvider() {
  var aHrefSanitizationWhitelist = /^\s*(https?|ftp|mailto|tel|file):/,
    imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist = /^\s*(https?|ftp|file|blob):|data:image\//;

  /**
   * @description
   * Retrieves or overrides the default regular expression that is used for whitelisting of safe
   * urls during a[href] sanitization.
   *
   * The sanitization is a security measure aimed at prevent XSS attacks via html links.
   *
   * Any url about to be assigned to a[href] via data-binding is first normalized and turned into
   * an absolute url. Afterwards, the url is matched against the `aHrefSanitizationWhitelist`
   * regular expression. If a match is found, the original url is written into the dom. Otherwise,
   * the absolute url is prefixed with `'unsafe:'` string and only then is it written into the DOM.
   *
   * @param {RegExp=} regexp New regexp to whitelist urls with.
   * @returns {RegExp|ng.$compileProvider} Current RegExp if called without value or self for
   *    chaining otherwise.
   */
  this.aHrefSanitizationWhitelist = function(regexp) {
    if (isDefined(regexp)) {
      aHrefSanitizationWhitelist = regexp;
      return this;
    }
    return aHrefSanitizationWhitelist;
  };


  /**
   * @description
   * Retrieves or overrides the default regular expression that is used for whitelisting of safe
   * urls during img[src] sanitization.
   *
   * The sanitization is a security measure aimed at prevent XSS attacks via html links.
   *
   * Any url about to be assigned to img[src] via data-binding is first normalized and turned into
   * an absolute url. Afterwards, the url is matched against the `imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist`
   * regular expression. If a match is found, the original url is written into the dom. Otherwise,
   * the absolute url is prefixed with `'unsafe:'` string and only then is it written into the DOM.
   *
   * @param {RegExp=} regexp New regexp to whitelist urls with.
   * @returns {RegExp|ng.$compileProvider} Current RegExp if called without value or self for
   *    chaining otherwise.
   */
  this.imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist = function(regexp) {
    if (isDefined(regexp)) {
      imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist = regexp;
      return this;
    }
    return imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist;
  };

  this.$get = function() {
    return function sanitizeUri(uri, isImage) {
      var regex = isImage ? imgSrcSanitizationWhitelist : aHrefSanitizationWhitelist;
      var normalizedVal;
      // NOTE: urlResolve() doesn't support IE < 8 so we don't sanitize for that case.
      if (!msie || msie >= 8 ) {
        normalizedVal = urlResolve(uri).href;
        if (normalizedVal !== '' && !normalizedVal.match(regex)) {
          return 'unsafe:'+normalizedVal;
        }
      }
      return uri;
    };
  };
}

var $sceMinErr = minErr('$sce');

var SCE_CONTEXTS = {
  HTML: 'html',
  CSS: 'css',
  URL: 'url',
  // RESOURCE_URL is a subtype of URL used in contexts where a privileged resource is sourced from a
  // url.  (e.g. ng-include, script src, templateUrl)
  RESOURCE_URL: 'resourceUrl',
  JS: 'js'
};

// Helper functions follow.

// Copied from:
// http://docs.closure-library.googlecode.com/git/closure_goog_string_string.js.source.html#line962
// Prereq: s is a string.
function escapeForRegexp(s) {
  return s.replace(/([-()\[\]{}+?*.$\^|,:#<!\\])/g, '\\$1').
           replace(/\x08/g, '\\x08');
}


function adjustMatcher(matcher) {
  if (matcher === 'self') {
    return matcher;
  } else if (isString(matcher)) {
    // Strings match exactly except for 2 wildcards - '*' and '**'.
    // '*' matches any character except those from the set ':/.?&'.
    // '**' matches any character (like .* in a RegExp).
    // More than 2 *'s raises an error as it's ill defined.
    if (matcher.indexOf('***') > -1) {
      throw $sceMinErr('iwcard',
          'Illegal sequence *** in string matcher.  String: {0}', matcher);
    }
    matcher = escapeForRegexp(matcher).
                  replace('\\*\\*', '.*').
                  replace('\\*', '[^:/.?&;]*');
    return new RegExp('^' + matcher + '$');
  } else if (isRegExp(matcher)) {
    // The only other type of matcher allowed is a Regexp.
    // Match entire URL / disallow partial matches.
    // Flags are reset (i.e. no global, ignoreCase or multiline)
    return new RegExp('^' + matcher.source + '$');
  } else {
    throw $sceMinErr('imatcher',
        'Matchers may only be "self", string patterns or RegExp objects');
  }
}


function adjustMatchers(matchers) {
  var adjustedMatchers = [];
  if (isDefined(matchers)) {
    forEach(matchers, function(matcher) {
      adjustedMatchers.push(adjustMatcher(matcher));
    });
  }
  return adjustedMatchers;
}


/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $sceDelegate
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 *
 * `$sceDelegate` is a service that is used by the `$sce` service to provide {@link ng.$sce Strict
 * Contextual Escaping (SCE)} services to AngularJS.
 *
 * Typically, you would configure or override the {@link ng.$sceDelegate $sceDelegate} instead of
 * the `$sce` service to customize the way Strict Contextual Escaping works in AngularJS.  This is
 * because, while the `$sce` provides numerous shorthand methods, etc., you really only need to
 * override 3 core functions (`trustAs`, `getTrusted` and `valueOf`) to replace the way things
 * work because `$sce` delegates to `$sceDelegate` for these operations.
 *
 * Refer {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider $sceDelegateProvider} to configure this service.
 *
 * The default instance of `$sceDelegate` should work out of the box with little pain.  While you
 * can override it completely to change the behavior of `$sce`, the common case would
 * involve configuring the {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider $sceDelegateProvider} instead by setting
 * your own whitelists and blacklists for trusting URLs used for loading AngularJS resources such as
 * templates.  Refer {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist
 * $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlWhitelist} and {@link
 * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlBlacklist $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlBlacklist}
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc provider
 * @name $sceDelegateProvider
 * @description
 *
 * The `$sceDelegateProvider` provider allows developers to configure the {@link ng.$sceDelegate
 * $sceDelegate} service.  This allows one to get/set the whitelists and blacklists used to ensure
 * that the URLs used for sourcing Angular templates are safe.  Refer {@link
 * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlWhitelist} and
 * {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlBlacklist $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlBlacklist}
 *
 * For the general details about this service in Angular, read the main page for {@link ng.$sce
 * Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE)}.
 *
 * **Example**:  Consider the following case. <a name="example"></a>
 *
 * - your app is hosted at url `http://myapp.example.com/`
 * - but some of your templates are hosted on other domains you control such as
 *   `http://srv01.assets.example.com/`,  `http://srv02.assets.example.com/`, etc.
 * - and you have an open redirect at `http://myapp.example.com/clickThru?...`.
 *
 * Here is what a secure configuration for this scenario might look like:
 *
 * ```
 *  angular.module('myApp', []).config(function($sceDelegateProvider) {
 *    $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlWhitelist([
 *      // Allow same origin resource loads.
 *      'self',
 *      // Allow loading from our assets domain.  Notice the difference between * and **.
 *      'http://srv*.assets.example.com/**'
 *    ]);
 *
 *    // The blacklist overrides the whitelist so the open redirect here is blocked.
 *    $sceDelegateProvider.resourceUrlBlacklist([
 *      'http://myapp.example.com/clickThru**'
 *    ]);
 *  });
 * ```
 */

function $SceDelegateProvider() {
  this.SCE_CONTEXTS = SCE_CONTEXTS;

  // Resource URLs can also be trusted by policy.
  var resourceUrlWhitelist = ['self'],
      resourceUrlBlacklist = [];

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist
   * @kind function
   *
   * @param {Array=} whitelist When provided, replaces the resourceUrlWhitelist with the value
   *     provided.  This must be an array or null.  A snapshot of this array is used so further
   *     changes to the array are ignored.
   *
   *     Follow {@link ng.$sce#resourceUrlPatternItem this link} for a description of the items
   *     allowed in this array.
   *
   *     Note: **an empty whitelist array will block all URLs**!
   *
   * @return {Array} the currently set whitelist array.
   *
   * The **default value** when no whitelist has been explicitly set is `['self']` allowing only
   * same origin resource requests.
   *
   * @description
   * Sets/Gets the whitelist of trusted resource URLs.
   */
  this.resourceUrlWhitelist = function (value) {
    if (arguments.length) {
      resourceUrlWhitelist = adjustMatchers(value);
    }
    return resourceUrlWhitelist;
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlBlacklist
   * @kind function
   *
   * @param {Array=} blacklist When provided, replaces the resourceUrlBlacklist with the value
   *     provided.  This must be an array or null.  A snapshot of this array is used so further
   *     changes to the array are ignored.
   *
   *     Follow {@link ng.$sce#resourceUrlPatternItem this link} for a description of the items
   *     allowed in this array.
   *
   *     The typical usage for the blacklist is to **block
   *     [open redirects](http://cwe.mitre.org/data/definitions/601.html)** served by your domain as
   *     these would otherwise be trusted but actually return content from the redirected domain.
   *
   *     Finally, **the blacklist overrides the whitelist** and has the final say.
   *
   * @return {Array} the currently set blacklist array.
   *
   * The **default value** when no whitelist has been explicitly set is the empty array (i.e. there
   * is no blacklist.)
   *
   * @description
   * Sets/Gets the blacklist of trusted resource URLs.
   */

  this.resourceUrlBlacklist = function (value) {
    if (arguments.length) {
      resourceUrlBlacklist = adjustMatchers(value);
    }
    return resourceUrlBlacklist;
  };

  this.$get = ['$injector', function($injector) {

    var htmlSanitizer = function htmlSanitizer(html) {
      throw $sceMinErr('unsafe', 'Attempting to use an unsafe value in a safe context.');
    };

    if ($injector.has('$sanitize')) {
      htmlSanitizer = $injector.get('$sanitize');
    }


    function matchUrl(matcher, parsedUrl) {
      if (matcher === 'self') {
        return urlIsSameOrigin(parsedUrl);
      } else {
        // definitely a regex.  See adjustMatchers()
        return !!matcher.exec(parsedUrl.href);
      }
    }

    function isResourceUrlAllowedByPolicy(url) {
      var parsedUrl = urlResolve(url.toString());
      var i, n, allowed = false;
      // Ensure that at least one item from the whitelist allows this url.
      for (i = 0, n = resourceUrlWhitelist.length; i < n; i++) {
        if (matchUrl(resourceUrlWhitelist[i], parsedUrl)) {
          allowed = true;
          break;
        }
      }
      if (allowed) {
        // Ensure that no item from the blacklist blocked this url.
        for (i = 0, n = resourceUrlBlacklist.length; i < n; i++) {
          if (matchUrl(resourceUrlBlacklist[i], parsedUrl)) {
            allowed = false;
            break;
          }
        }
      }
      return allowed;
    }

    function generateHolderType(Base) {
      var holderType = function TrustedValueHolderType(trustedValue) {
        this.$$unwrapTrustedValue = function() {
          return trustedValue;
        };
      };
      if (Base) {
        holderType.prototype = new Base();
      }
      holderType.prototype.valueOf = function sceValueOf() {
        return this.$$unwrapTrustedValue();
      };
      holderType.prototype.toString = function sceToString() {
        return this.$$unwrapTrustedValue().toString();
      };
      return holderType;
    }

    var trustedValueHolderBase = generateHolderType(),
        byType = {};

    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.HTML] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.CSS] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.URL] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.JS] = generateHolderType(trustedValueHolderBase);
    byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.RESOURCE_URL] = generateHolderType(byType[SCE_CONTEXTS.URL]);

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sceDelegate#trustAs
     *
     * @description
     * Returns an object that is trusted by angular for use in specified strict
     * contextual escaping contexts (such as ng-bind-html, ng-include, any src
     * attribute interpolation, any dom event binding attribute interpolation
     * such as for onclick,  etc.) that uses the provided value.
     * See {@link ng.$sce $sce} for enabling strict contextual escaping.
     *
     * @param {string} type The kind of context in which this value is safe for use.  e.g. url,
     *   resourceUrl, html, js and css.
     * @param {*} value The value that that should be considered trusted/safe.
     * @returns {*} A value that can be used to stand in for the provided `value` in places
     * where Angular expects a $sce.trustAs() return value.
     */
    function trustAs(type, trustedValue) {
      var Constructor = (byType.hasOwnProperty(type) ? byType[type] : null);
      if (!Constructor) {
        throw $sceMinErr('icontext',
            'Attempted to trust a value in invalid context. Context: {0}; Value: {1}',
            type, trustedValue);
      }
      if (trustedValue === null || trustedValue === undefined || trustedValue === '') {
        return trustedValue;
      }
      // All the current contexts in SCE_CONTEXTS happen to be strings.  In order to avoid trusting
      // mutable objects, we ensure here that the value passed in is actually a string.
      if (typeof trustedValue !== 'string') {
        throw $sceMinErr('itype',
            'Attempted to trust a non-string value in a content requiring a string: Context: {0}',
            type);
      }
      return new Constructor(trustedValue);
    }

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sceDelegate#valueOf
     *
     * @description
     * If the passed parameter had been returned by a prior call to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs
     * `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}, returns the value that had been passed to {@link
     * ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}.
     *
     * If the passed parameter is not a value that had been returned by {@link
     * ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}, returns it as-is.
     *
     * @param {*} value The result of a prior {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}
     *      call or anything else.
     * @returns {*} The `value` that was originally provided to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs
     *     `$sceDelegate.trustAs`} if `value` is the result of such a call.  Otherwise, returns
     *     `value` unchanged.
     */
    function valueOf(maybeTrusted) {
      if (maybeTrusted instanceof trustedValueHolderBase) {
        return maybeTrusted.$$unwrapTrustedValue();
      } else {
        return maybeTrusted;
      }
    }

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sceDelegate#getTrusted
     *
     * @description
     * Takes the result of a {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`} call and
     * returns the originally supplied value if the queried context type is a supertype of the
     * created type.  If this condition isn't satisfied, throws an exception.
     *
     * @param {string} type The kind of context in which this value is to be used.
     * @param {*} maybeTrusted The result of a prior {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs
     *     `$sceDelegate.trustAs`} call.
     * @returns {*} The value the was originally provided to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs
     *     `$sceDelegate.trustAs`} if valid in this context.  Otherwise, throws an exception.
     */
    function getTrusted(type, maybeTrusted) {
      if (maybeTrusted === null || maybeTrusted === undefined || maybeTrusted === '') {
        return maybeTrusted;
      }
      var constructor = (byType.hasOwnProperty(type) ? byType[type] : null);
      if (constructor && maybeTrusted instanceof constructor) {
        return maybeTrusted.$$unwrapTrustedValue();
      }
      // If we get here, then we may only take one of two actions.
      // 1. sanitize the value for the requested type, or
      // 2. throw an exception.
      if (type === SCE_CONTEXTS.RESOURCE_URL) {
        if (isResourceUrlAllowedByPolicy(maybeTrusted)) {
          return maybeTrusted;
        } else {
          throw $sceMinErr('insecurl',
              'Blocked loading resource from url not allowed by $sceDelegate policy.  URL: {0}',
              maybeTrusted.toString());
        }
      } else if (type === SCE_CONTEXTS.HTML) {
        return htmlSanitizer(maybeTrusted);
      }
      throw $sceMinErr('unsafe', 'Attempting to use an unsafe value in a safe context.');
    }

    return { trustAs: trustAs,
             getTrusted: getTrusted,
             valueOf: valueOf };
  }];
}


/**
 * @ngdoc provider
 * @name $sceProvider
 * @description
 *
 * The $sceProvider provider allows developers to configure the {@link ng.$sce $sce} service.
 * -   enable/disable Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE) in a module
 * -   override the default implementation with a custom delegate
 *
 * Read more about {@link ng.$sce Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE)}.
 */

/* jshint maxlen: false*/

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $sce
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 *
 * `$sce` is a service that provides Strict Contextual Escaping services to AngularJS.
 *
 * # Strict Contextual Escaping
 *
 * Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE) is a mode in which AngularJS requires bindings in certain
 * contexts to result in a value that is marked as safe to use for that context.  One example of
 * such a context is binding arbitrary html controlled by the user via `ng-bind-html`.  We refer
 * to these contexts as privileged or SCE contexts.
 *
 * As of version 1.2, Angular ships with SCE enabled by default.
 *
 * Note:  When enabled (the default), IE8 in quirks mode is not supported.  In this mode, IE8 allows
 * one to execute arbitrary javascript by the use of the expression() syntax.  Refer
 * <http://blogs.msdn.com/b/ie/archive/2008/10/16/ending-expressions.aspx> to learn more about them.
 * You can ensure your document is in standards mode and not quirks mode by adding `<!doctype html>`
 * to the top of your HTML document.
 *
 * SCE assists in writing code in way that (a) is secure by default and (b) makes auditing for
 * security vulnerabilities such as XSS, clickjacking, etc. a lot easier.
 *
 * Here's an example of a binding in a privileged context:
 *
 * ```
 * <input ng-model="userHtml">
 * <div ng-bind-html="userHtml"></div>
 * ```
 *
 * Notice that `ng-bind-html` is bound to `userHtml` controlled by the user.  With SCE
 * disabled, this application allows the user to render arbitrary HTML into the DIV.
 * In a more realistic example, one may be rendering user comments, blog articles, etc. via
 * bindings.  (HTML is just one example of a context where rendering user controlled input creates
 * security vulnerabilities.)
 *
 * For the case of HTML, you might use a library, either on the client side, or on the server side,
 * to sanitize unsafe HTML before binding to the value and rendering it in the document.
 *
 * How would you ensure that every place that used these types of bindings was bound to a value that
 * was sanitized by your library (or returned as safe for rendering by your server?)  How can you
 * ensure that you didn't accidentally delete the line that sanitized the value, or renamed some
 * properties/fields and forgot to update the binding to the sanitized value?
 *
 * To be secure by default, you want to ensure that any such bindings are disallowed unless you can
 * determine that something explicitly says it's safe to use a value for binding in that
 * context.  You can then audit your code (a simple grep would do) to ensure that this is only done
 * for those values that you can easily tell are safe - because they were received from your server,
 * sanitized by your library, etc.  You can organize your codebase to help with this - perhaps
 * allowing only the files in a specific directory to do this.  Ensuring that the internal API
 * exposed by that code doesn't markup arbitrary values as safe then becomes a more manageable task.
 *
 * In the case of AngularJS' SCE service, one uses {@link ng.$sce#trustAs $sce.trustAs}
 * (and shorthand methods such as {@link ng.$sce#trustAsHtml $sce.trustAsHtml}, etc.) to
 * obtain values that will be accepted by SCE / privileged contexts.
 *
 *
 * ## How does it work?
 *
 * In privileged contexts, directives and code will bind to the result of {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted
 * $sce.getTrusted(context, value)} rather than to the value directly.  Directives use {@link
 * ng.$sce#parse $sce.parseAs} rather than `$parse` to watch attribute bindings, which performs the
 * {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted $sce.getTrusted} behind the scenes on non-constant literals.
 *
 * As an example, {@link ng.directive:ngBindHtml ngBindHtml} uses {@link
 * ng.$sce#parseAsHtml $sce.parseAsHtml(binding expression)}.  Here's the actual code (slightly
 * simplified):
 *
 * ```
 * var ngBindHtmlDirective = ['$sce', function($sce) {
 *   return function(scope, element, attr) {
 *     scope.$watch($sce.parseAsHtml(attr.ngBindHtml), function(value) {
 *       element.html(value || '');
 *     });
 *   };
 * }];
 * ```
 *
 * ## Impact on loading templates
 *
 * This applies both to the {@link ng.directive:ngInclude `ng-include`} directive as well as
 * `templateUrl`'s specified by {@link guide/directive directives}.
 *
 * By default, Angular only loads templates from the same domain and protocol as the application
 * document.  This is done by calling {@link ng.$sce#getTrustedResourceUrl
 * $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl} on the template URL.  To load templates from other domains and/or
 * protocols, you may either either {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist whitelist
 * them} or {@link ng.$sce#trustAsResourceUrl wrap it} into a trusted value.
 *
 * *Please note*:
 * The browser's
 * [Same Origin Policy](https://code.google.com/p/browsersec/wiki/Part2#Same-origin_policy_for_XMLHttpRequest)
 * and [Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)](http://www.w3.org/TR/cors/)
 * policy apply in addition to this and may further restrict whether the template is successfully
 * loaded.  This means that without the right CORS policy, loading templates from a different domain
 * won't work on all browsers.  Also, loading templates from `file://` URL does not work on some
 * browsers.
 *
 * ## This feels like too much overhead
 *
 * It's important to remember that SCE only applies to interpolation expressions.
 *
 * If your expressions are constant literals, they're automatically trusted and you don't need to
 * call `$sce.trustAs` on them (remember to include the `ngSanitize` module) (e.g.
 * `<div ng-bind-html="'<b>implicitly trusted</b>'"></div>`) just works.
 *
 * Additionally, `a[href]` and `img[src]` automatically sanitize their URLs and do not pass them
 * through {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted $sce.getTrusted}.  SCE doesn't play a role here.
 *
 * The included {@link ng.$sceDelegate $sceDelegate} comes with sane defaults to allow you to load
 * templates in `ng-include` from your application's domain without having to even know about SCE.
 * It blocks loading templates from other domains or loading templates over http from an https
 * served document.  You can change these by setting your own custom {@link
 * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist whitelists} and {@link
 * ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlBlacklist blacklists} for matching such URLs.
 *
 * This significantly reduces the overhead.  It is far easier to pay the small overhead and have an
 * application that's secure and can be audited to verify that with much more ease than bolting
 * security onto an application later.
 *
 * <a name="contexts"></a>
 * ## What trusted context types are supported?
 *
 * | Context             | Notes          |
 * |---------------------|----------------|
 * | `$sce.HTML`         | For HTML that's safe to source into the application.  The {@link ng.directive:ngBindHtml ngBindHtml} directive uses this context for bindings. If an unsafe value is encountered and the {@link ngSanitize $sanitize} module is present this will sanitize the value instead of throwing an error. |
 * | `$sce.CSS`          | For CSS that's safe to source into the application.  Currently unused.  Feel free to use it in your own directives. |
 * | `$sce.URL`          | For URLs that are safe to follow as links.  Currently unused (`<a href=` and `<img src=` sanitize their urls and don't constitute an SCE context. |
 * | `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` | For URLs that are not only safe to follow as links, but whose contents are also safe to include in your application.  Examples include `ng-include`, `src` / `ngSrc` bindings for tags other than `IMG` (e.g. `IFRAME`, `OBJECT`, etc.)  <br><br>Note that `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` makes a stronger statement about the URL than `$sce.URL` does and therefore contexts requiring values trusted for `$sce.RESOURCE_URL` can be used anywhere that values trusted for `$sce.URL` are required. |
 * | `$sce.JS`           | For JavaScript that is safe to execute in your application's context.  Currently unused.  Feel free to use it in your own directives. |
 *
 * ## Format of items in {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist resourceUrlWhitelist}/{@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlBlacklist Blacklist} <a name="resourceUrlPatternItem"></a>
 *
 *  Each element in these arrays must be one of the following:
 *
 *  - **'self'**
 *    - The special **string**, `'self'`, can be used to match against all URLs of the **same
 *      domain** as the application document using the **same protocol**.
 *  - **String** (except the special value `'self'`)
 *    - The string is matched against the full *normalized / absolute URL* of the resource
 *      being tested (substring matches are not good enough.)
 *    - There are exactly **two wildcard sequences** - `*` and `**`.  All other characters
 *      match themselves.
 *    - `*`: matches zero or more occurrences of any character other than one of the following 6
 *      characters: '`:`', '`/`', '`.`', '`?`', '`&`' and ';'.  It's a useful wildcard for use
 *      in a whitelist.
 *    - `**`: matches zero or more occurrences of *any* character.  As such, it's not
 *      not appropriate to use in for a scheme, domain, etc. as it would match too much.  (e.g.
 *      http://**.example.com/ would match http://evil.com/?ignore=.example.com/ and that might
 *      not have been the intention.)  Its usage at the very end of the path is ok.  (e.g.
 *      http://foo.example.com/templates/**).
 *  - **RegExp** (*see caveat below*)
 *    - *Caveat*:  While regular expressions are powerful and offer great flexibility,  their syntax
 *      (and all the inevitable escaping) makes them *harder to maintain*.  It's easy to
 *      accidentally introduce a bug when one updates a complex expression (imho, all regexes should
 *      have good test coverage.).  For instance, the use of `.` in the regex is correct only in a
 *      small number of cases.  A `.` character in the regex used when matching the scheme or a
 *      subdomain could be matched against a `:` or literal `.` that was likely not intended.   It
 *      is highly recommended to use the string patterns and only fall back to regular expressions
 *      if they as a last resort.
 *    - The regular expression must be an instance of RegExp (i.e. not a string.)  It is
 *      matched against the **entire** *normalized / absolute URL* of the resource being tested
 *      (even when the RegExp did not have the `^` and `$` codes.)  In addition, any flags
 *      present on the RegExp (such as multiline, global, ignoreCase) are ignored.
 *    - If you are generating your JavaScript from some other templating engine (not
 *      recommended, e.g. in issue [#4006](https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/4006)),
 *      remember to escape your regular expression (and be aware that you might need more than
 *      one level of escaping depending on your templating engine and the way you interpolated
 *      the value.)  Do make use of your platform's escaping mechanism as it might be good
 *      enough before coding your own.  e.g. Ruby has
 *      [Regexp.escape(str)](http://www.ruby-doc.org/core-2.0.0/Regexp.html#method-c-escape)
 *      and Python has [re.escape](http://docs.python.org/library/re.html#re.escape).
 *      Javascript lacks a similar built in function for escaping.  Take a look at Google
 *      Closure library's [goog.string.regExpEscape(s)](
 *      http://docs.closure-library.googlecode.com/git/closure_goog_string_string.js.source.html#line962).
 *
 * Refer {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider $sceDelegateProvider} for an example.
 *
 * ## Show me an example using SCE.
 *
 * <example module="mySceApp" deps="angular-sanitize.js">
 * <file name="index.html">
 *   <div ng-controller="AppController as myCtrl">
 *     <i ng-bind-html="myCtrl.explicitlyTrustedHtml" id="explicitlyTrustedHtml"></i><br><br>
 *     <b>User comments</b><br>
 *     By default, HTML that isn't explicitly trusted (e.g. Alice's comment) is sanitized when
 *     $sanitize is available.  If $sanitize isn't available, this results in an error instead of an
 *     exploit.
 *     <div class="well">
 *       <div ng-repeat="userComment in myCtrl.userComments">
 *         <b>{{userComment.name}}</b>:
 *         <span ng-bind-html="userComment.htmlComment" class="htmlComment"></span>
 *         <br>
 *       </div>
 *     </div>
 *   </div>
 * </file>
 *
 * <file name="script.js">
 *   angular.module('mySceApp', ['ngSanitize'])
 *     .controller('AppController', ['$http', '$templateCache', '$sce',
 *       function($http, $templateCache, $sce) {
 *         var self = this;
 *         $http.get("test_data.json", {cache: $templateCache}).success(function(userComments) {
 *           self.userComments = userComments;
 *         });
 *         self.explicitlyTrustedHtml = $sce.trustAsHtml(
 *             '<span onmouseover="this.textContent=&quot;Explicitly trusted HTML bypasses ' +
 *             'sanitization.&quot;">Hover over this text.</span>');
 *       }]);
 * </file>
 *
 * <file name="test_data.json">
 * [
 *   { "name": "Alice",
 *     "htmlComment":
 *         "<span onmouseover='this.textContent=\"PWN3D!\"'>Is <i>anyone</i> reading this?</span>"
 *   },
 *   { "name": "Bob",
 *     "htmlComment": "<i>Yes!</i>  Am I the only other one?"
 *   }
 * ]
 * </file>
 *
 * <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
 *   describe('SCE doc demo', function() {
 *     it('should sanitize untrusted values', function() {
 *       expect(element.all(by.css('.htmlComment')).first().getInnerHtml())
 *           .toBe('<span>Is <i>anyone</i> reading this?</span>');
 *     });
 *
 *     it('should NOT sanitize explicitly trusted values', function() {
 *       expect(element(by.id('explicitlyTrustedHtml')).getInnerHtml()).toBe(
 *           '<span onmouseover="this.textContent=&quot;Explicitly trusted HTML bypasses ' +
 *           'sanitization.&quot;">Hover over this text.</span>');
 *     });
 *   });
 * </file>
 * </example>
 *
 *
 *
 * ## Can I disable SCE completely?
 *
 * Yes, you can.  However, this is strongly discouraged.  SCE gives you a lot of security benefits
 * for little coding overhead.  It will be much harder to take an SCE disabled application and
 * either secure it on your own or enable SCE at a later stage.  It might make sense to disable SCE
 * for cases where you have a lot of existing code that was written before SCE was introduced and
 * you're migrating them a module at a time.
 *
 * That said, here's how you can completely disable SCE:
 *
 * ```
 * angular.module('myAppWithSceDisabledmyApp', []).config(function($sceProvider) {
 *   // Completely disable SCE.  For demonstration purposes only!
 *   // Do not use in new projects.
 *   $sceProvider.enabled(false);
 * });
 * ```
 *
 */
/* jshint maxlen: 100 */

function $SceProvider() {
  var enabled = true;

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $sceProvider#enabled
   * @kind function
   *
   * @param {boolean=} value If provided, then enables/disables SCE.
   * @return {boolean} true if SCE is enabled, false otherwise.
   *
   * @description
   * Enables/disables SCE and returns the current value.
   */
  this.enabled = function (value) {
    if (arguments.length) {
      enabled = !!value;
    }
    return enabled;
  };


  /* Design notes on the default implementation for SCE.
   *
   * The API contract for the SCE delegate
   * -------------------------------------
   * The SCE delegate object must provide the following 3 methods:
   *
   * - trustAs(contextEnum, value)
   *     This method is used to tell the SCE service that the provided value is OK to use in the
   *     contexts specified by contextEnum.  It must return an object that will be accepted by
   *     getTrusted() for a compatible contextEnum and return this value.
   *
   * - valueOf(value)
   *     For values that were not produced by trustAs(), return them as is.  For values that were
   *     produced by trustAs(), return the corresponding input value to trustAs.  Basically, if
   *     trustAs is wrapping the given values into some type, this operation unwraps it when given
   *     such a value.
   *
   * - getTrusted(contextEnum, value)
   *     This function should return the a value that is safe to use in the context specified by
   *     contextEnum or throw and exception otherwise.
   *
   * NOTE: This contract deliberately does NOT state that values returned by trustAs() must be
   * opaque or wrapped in some holder object.  That happens to be an implementation detail.  For
   * instance, an implementation could maintain a registry of all trusted objects by context.  In
   * such a case, trustAs() would return the same object that was passed in.  getTrusted() would
   * return the same object passed in if it was found in the registry under a compatible context or
   * throw an exception otherwise.  An implementation might only wrap values some of the time based
   * on some criteria.  getTrusted() might return a value and not throw an exception for special
   * constants or objects even if not wrapped.  All such implementations fulfill this contract.
   *
   *
   * A note on the inheritance model for SCE contexts
   * ------------------------------------------------
   * I've used inheritance and made RESOURCE_URL wrapped types a subtype of URL wrapped types.  This
   * is purely an implementation details.
   *
   * The contract is simply this:
   *
   *     getTrusted($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value) succeeding implies that getTrusted($sce.URL, value)
   *     will also succeed.
   *
   * Inheritance happens to capture this in a natural way.  In some future, we
   * may not use inheritance anymore.  That is OK because no code outside of
   * sce.js and sceSpecs.js would need to be aware of this detail.
   */

  this.$get = ['$parse', '$sniffer', '$sceDelegate', function(
                $parse,   $sniffer,   $sceDelegate) {
    // Prereq: Ensure that we're not running in IE8 quirks mode.  In that mode, IE allows
    // the "expression(javascript expression)" syntax which is insecure.
    if (enabled && $sniffer.msie && $sniffer.msieDocumentMode < 8) {
      throw $sceMinErr('iequirks',
        'Strict Contextual Escaping does not support Internet Explorer version < 9 in quirks ' +
        'mode.  You can fix this by adding the text <!doctype html> to the top of your HTML ' +
        'document.  See http://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng.$sce for more information.');
    }

    var sce = shallowCopy(SCE_CONTEXTS);

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sce#isEnabled
     * @kind function
     *
     * @return {Boolean} true if SCE is enabled, false otherwise.  If you want to set the value, you
     * have to do it at module config time on {@link ng.$sceProvider $sceProvider}.
     *
     * @description
     * Returns a boolean indicating if SCE is enabled.
     */
    sce.isEnabled = function () {
      return enabled;
    };
    sce.trustAs = $sceDelegate.trustAs;
    sce.getTrusted = $sceDelegate.getTrusted;
    sce.valueOf = $sceDelegate.valueOf;

    if (!enabled) {
      sce.trustAs = sce.getTrusted = function(type, value) { return value; };
      sce.valueOf = identity;
    }

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sce#parseAs
     *
     * @description
     * Converts Angular {@link guide/expression expression} into a function.  This is like {@link
     * ng.$parse $parse} and is identical when the expression is a literal constant.  Otherwise, it
     * wraps the expression in a call to {@link ng.$sce#getTrusted $sce.getTrusted(*type*,
     * *result*)}
     *
     * @param {string} type The kind of SCE context in which this result will be used.
     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
     *
     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
     *      `context`.
     */
    sce.parseAs = function sceParseAs(type, expr) {
      var parsed = $parse(expr);
      if (parsed.literal && parsed.constant) {
        return parsed;
      } else {
        return $parse(expr, function (value) {
          return sce.getTrusted(type, value);
        });
      }
    };

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sce#trustAs
     *
     * @description
     * Delegates to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs`}.  As such,
     * returns an object that is trusted by angular for use in specified strict contextual
     * escaping contexts (such as ng-bind-html, ng-include, any src attribute
     * interpolation, any dom event binding attribute interpolation such as for onclick,  etc.)
     * that uses the provided value.  See * {@link ng.$sce $sce} for enabling strict contextual
     * escaping.
     *
     * @param {string} type The kind of context in which this value is safe for use.  e.g. url,
     *   resource_url, html, js and css.
     * @param {*} value The value that that should be considered trusted/safe.
     * @returns {*} A value that can be used to stand in for the provided `value` in places
     * where Angular expects a $sce.trustAs() return value.
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sce#trustAsHtml
     *
     * @description
     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsHtml(value)` →
     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.HTML, value)`}
     *
     * @param {*} value The value to trustAs.
     * @returns {*} An object that can be passed to {@link ng.$sce#getTrustedHtml
     *     $sce.getTrustedHtml(value)} to obtain the original value.  (privileged directives
     *     only accept expressions that are either literal constants or are the
     *     return value of {@link ng.$sce#trustAs $sce.trustAs}.)
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sce#trustAsUrl
     *
     * @description
     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsUrl(value)` →
     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.URL, value)`}
     *
     * @param {*} value The value to trustAs.
     * @returns {*} An object that can be passed to {@link ng.$sce#getTrustedUrl
     *     $sce.getTrustedUrl(value)} to obtain the original value.  (privileged directives
     *     only accept expressions that are either literal constants or are the
     *     return value of {@link ng.$sce#trustAs $sce.trustAs}.)
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sce#trustAsResourceUrl
     *
     * @description
     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsResourceUrl(value)` →
     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`}
     *
     * @param {*} value The value to trustAs.
     * @returns {*} An object that can be passed to {@link ng.$sce#getTrustedResourceUrl
     *     $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl(value)} to obtain the original value.  (privileged directives
     *     only accept expressions that are either literal constants or are the return
     *     value of {@link ng.$sce#trustAs $sce.trustAs}.)
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sce#trustAsJs
     *
     * @description
     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.trustAsJs(value)` →
     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#trustAs `$sceDelegate.trustAs($sce.JS, value)`}
     *
     * @param {*} value The value to trustAs.
     * @returns {*} An object that can be passed to {@link ng.$sce#getTrustedJs
     *     $sce.getTrustedJs(value)} to obtain the original value.  (privileged directives
     *     only accept expressions that are either literal constants or are the
     *     return value of {@link ng.$sce#trustAs $sce.trustAs}.)
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sce#getTrusted
     *
     * @description
     * Delegates to {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted`}.  As such,
     * takes the result of a {@link ng.$sce#trustAs `$sce.trustAs`}() call and returns the
     * originally supplied value if the queried context type is a supertype of the created type.
     * If this condition isn't satisfied, throws an exception.
     *
     * @param {string} type The kind of context in which this value is to be used.
     * @param {*} maybeTrusted The result of a prior {@link ng.$sce#trustAs `$sce.trustAs`}
     *                         call.
     * @returns {*} The value the was originally provided to
     *              {@link ng.$sce#trustAs `$sce.trustAs`} if valid in this context.
     *              Otherwise, throws an exception.
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sce#getTrustedHtml
     *
     * @description
     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedHtml(value)` →
     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.HTML, value)`}
     *
     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
     * @returns {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.HTML, value)`
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sce#getTrustedCss
     *
     * @description
     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedCss(value)` →
     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.CSS, value)`}
     *
     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
     * @returns {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.CSS, value)`
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sce#getTrustedUrl
     *
     * @description
     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedUrl(value)` →
     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.URL, value)`}
     *
     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
     * @returns {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.URL, value)`
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sce#getTrustedResourceUrl
     *
     * @description
     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedResourceUrl(value)` →
     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`}
     *
     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sceDelegate.getTrusted`.
     * @returns {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sce#getTrustedJs
     *
     * @description
     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.getTrustedJs(value)` →
     *     {@link ng.$sceDelegate#getTrusted `$sceDelegate.getTrusted($sce.JS, value)`}
     *
     * @param {*} value The value to pass to `$sce.getTrusted`.
     * @returns {*} The return value of `$sce.getTrusted($sce.JS, value)`
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sce#parseAsHtml
     *
     * @description
     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsHtml(expression string)` →
     *     {@link ng.$sce#parse `$sce.parseAs($sce.HTML, value)`}
     *
     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
     *
     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
     *      `context`.
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sce#parseAsCss
     *
     * @description
     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsCss(value)` →
     *     {@link ng.$sce#parse `$sce.parseAs($sce.CSS, value)`}
     *
     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
     *
     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
     *      `context`.
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sce#parseAsUrl
     *
     * @description
     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsUrl(value)` →
     *     {@link ng.$sce#parse `$sce.parseAs($sce.URL, value)`}
     *
     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
     *
     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
     *      `context`.
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sce#parseAsResourceUrl
     *
     * @description
     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsResourceUrl(value)` →
     *     {@link ng.$sce#parse `$sce.parseAs($sce.RESOURCE_URL, value)`}
     *
     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
     *
     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
     *      `context`.
     */

    /**
     * @ngdoc method
     * @name $sce#parseAsJs
     *
     * @description
     * Shorthand method.  `$sce.parseAsJs(value)` →
     *     {@link ng.$sce#parse `$sce.parseAs($sce.JS, value)`}
     *
     * @param {string} expression String expression to compile.
     * @returns {function(context, locals)} a function which represents the compiled expression:
     *
     *    * `context` – `{object}` – an object against which any expressions embedded in the strings
     *      are evaluated against (typically a scope object).
     *    * `locals` – `{object=}` – local variables context object, useful for overriding values in
     *      `context`.
     */

    // Shorthand delegations.
    var parse = sce.parseAs,
        getTrusted = sce.getTrusted,
        trustAs = sce.trustAs;

    forEach(SCE_CONTEXTS, function (enumValue, name) {
      var lName = lowercase(name);
      sce[camelCase("parse_as_" + lName)] = function (expr) {
        return parse(enumValue, expr);
      };
      sce[camelCase("get_trusted_" + lName)] = function (value) {
        return getTrusted(enumValue, value);
      };
      sce[camelCase("trust_as_" + lName)] = function (value) {
        return trustAs(enumValue, value);
      };
    });

    return sce;
  }];
}

/**
 * !!! This is an undocumented "private" service !!!
 *
 * @name $sniffer
 * @requires $window
 * @requires $document
 *
 * @property {boolean} history Does the browser support html5 history api ?
 * @property {boolean} hashchange Does the browser support hashchange event ?
 * @property {boolean} transitions Does the browser support CSS transition events ?
 * @property {boolean} animations Does the browser support CSS animation events ?
 *
 * @description
 * This is very simple implementation of testing browser's features.
 */
function $SnifferProvider() {
  this.$get = ['$window', '$document', function($window, $document) {
    var eventSupport = {},
        android =
          int((/android (\d+)/.exec(lowercase(($window.navigator || {}).userAgent)) || [])[1]),
        boxee = /Boxee/i.test(($window.navigator || {}).userAgent),
        document = $document[0] || {},
        documentMode = document.documentMode,
        vendorPrefix,
        vendorRegex = /^(Moz|webkit|O|ms)(?=[A-Z])/,
        bodyStyle = document.body && document.body.style,
        transitions = false,
        animations = false,
        match;

    if (bodyStyle) {
      for(var prop in bodyStyle) {
        if(match = vendorRegex.exec(prop)) {
          vendorPrefix = match[0];
          vendorPrefix = vendorPrefix.substr(0, 1).toUpperCase() + vendorPrefix.substr(1);
          break;
        }
      }

      if(!vendorPrefix) {
        vendorPrefix = ('WebkitOpacity' in bodyStyle) && 'webkit';
      }

      transitions = !!(('transition' in bodyStyle) || (vendorPrefix + 'Transition' in bodyStyle));
      animations  = !!(('animation' in bodyStyle) || (vendorPrefix + 'Animation' in bodyStyle));

      if (android && (!transitions||!animations)) {
        transitions = isString(document.body.style.webkitTransition);
        animations = isString(document.body.style.webkitAnimation);
      }
    }


    return {
      // Android has history.pushState, but it does not update location correctly
      // so let's not use the history API at all.
      // http://code.google.com/p/android/issues/detail?id=17471
      // https://github.com/angular/angular.js/issues/904

      // older webkit browser (533.9) on Boxee box has exactly the same problem as Android has
      // so let's not use the history API also
      // We are purposefully using `!(android < 4)` to cover the case when `android` is undefined
      // jshint -W018
      history: !!($window.history && $window.history.pushState && !(android < 4) && !boxee),
      // jshint +W018
      hashchange: 'onhashchange' in $window &&
                  // IE8 compatible mode lies
                  (!documentMode || documentMode > 7),
      hasEvent: function(event) {
        // IE9 implements 'input' event it's so fubared that we rather pretend that it doesn't have
        // it. In particular the event is not fired when backspace or delete key are pressed or
        // when cut operation is performed.
        if (event == 'input' && msie == 9) return false;

        if (isUndefined(eventSupport[event])) {
          var divElm = document.createElement('div');
          eventSupport[event] = 'on' + event in divElm;
        }

        return eventSupport[event];
      },
      csp: csp(),
      vendorPrefix: vendorPrefix,
      transitions : transitions,
      animations : animations,
      android: android,
      msie : msie,
      msieDocumentMode: documentMode
    };
  }];
}

function $TimeoutProvider() {
  this.$get = ['$rootScope', '$browser', '$q', '$$q', '$exceptionHandler',
       function($rootScope,   $browser,   $q,   $$q,   $exceptionHandler) {
    var deferreds = {};


     /**
      * @ngdoc service
      * @name $timeout
      *
      * @description
      * Angular's wrapper for `window.setTimeout`. The `fn` function is wrapped into a try/catch
      * block and delegates any exceptions to
      * {@link ng.$exceptionHandler $exceptionHandler} service.
      *
      * The return value of registering a timeout function is a promise, which will be resolved when
      * the timeout is reached and the timeout function is executed.
      *
      * To cancel a timeout request, call `$timeout.cancel(promise)`.
      *
      * In tests you can use {@link ngMock.$timeout `$timeout.flush()`} to
      * synchronously flush the queue of deferred functions.
      *
      * @param {function()} fn A function, whose execution should be delayed.
      * @param {number=} [delay=0] Delay in milliseconds.
      * @param {boolean=} [invokeApply=true] If set to `false` skips model dirty checking, otherwise
      *   will invoke `fn` within the {@link ng.$rootScope.Scope#$apply $apply} block.
      * @returns {Promise} Promise that will be resolved when the timeout is reached. The value this
      *   promise will be resolved with is the return value of the `fn` function.
      *
      */
    function timeout(fn, delay, invokeApply) {
      var skipApply = (isDefined(invokeApply) && !invokeApply),
          deferred = (skipApply ? $$q : $q).defer(),
          promise = deferred.promise,
          timeoutId;

      timeoutId = $browser.defer(function() {
        try {
          deferred.resolve(fn());
        } catch(e) {
          deferred.reject(e);
          $exceptionHandler(e);
        }
        finally {
          delete deferreds[promise.$$timeoutId];
        }

        if (!skipApply) $rootScope.$apply();
      }, delay);

      promise.$$timeoutId = timeoutId;
      deferreds[timeoutId] = deferred;

      return promise;
    }


     /**
      * @ngdoc method
      * @name $timeout#cancel
      *
      * @description
      * Cancels a task associated with the `promise`. As a result of this, the promise will be
      * resolved with a rejection.
      *
      * @param {Promise=} promise Promise returned by the `$timeout` function.
      * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the task hasn't executed yet and was successfully
      *   canceled.
      */
    timeout.cancel = function(promise) {
      if (promise && promise.$$timeoutId in deferreds) {
        deferreds[promise.$$timeoutId].reject('canceled');
        delete deferreds[promise.$$timeoutId];
        return $browser.defer.cancel(promise.$$timeoutId);
      }
      return false;
    };

    return timeout;
  }];
}

// NOTE:  The usage of window and document instead of $window and $document here is
// deliberate.  This service depends on the specific behavior of anchor nodes created by the
// browser (resolving and parsing URLs) that is unlikely to be provided by mock objects and
// cause us to break tests.  In addition, when the browser resolves a URL for XHR, it
// doesn't know about mocked locations and resolves URLs to the real document - which is
// exactly the behavior needed here.  There is little value is mocking these out for this
// service.
var urlParsingNode = document.createElement("a");
var originUrl = urlResolve(window.location.href, true);


/**
 *
 * Implementation Notes for non-IE browsers
 * ----------------------------------------
 * Assigning a URL to the href property of an anchor DOM node, even one attached to the DOM,
 * results both in the normalizing and parsing of the URL.  Normalizing means that a relative
 * URL will be resolved into an absolute URL in the context of the application document.
 * Parsing means that the anchor node's host, hostname, protocol, port, pathname and related
 * properties are all populated to reflect the normalized URL.  This approach has wide
 * compatibility - Safari 1+, Mozilla 1+, Opera 7+,e etc.  See
 * http://www.aptana.com/reference/html/api/HTMLAnchorElement.html
 *
 * Implementation Notes for IE
 * ---------------------------
 * IE >= 8 and <= 10 normalizes the URL when assigned to the anchor node similar to the other
 * browsers.  However, the parsed components will not be set if the URL assigned did not specify
 * them.  (e.g. if you assign a.href = "foo", then a.protocol, a.host, etc. will be empty.)  We
 * work around that by performing the parsing in a 2nd step by taking a previously normalized
 * URL (e.g. by assigning to a.href) and assigning it a.href again.  This correctly populates the
 * properties such as protocol, hostname, port, etc.
 *
 * IE7 does not normalize the URL when assigned to an anchor node.  (Apparently, it does, if one
 * uses the inner HTML approach to assign the URL as part of an HTML snippet -
 * http://stackoverflow.com/a/472729)  However, setting img[src] does normalize the URL.
 * Unfortunately, setting img[src] to something like "javascript:foo" on IE throws an exception.
 * Since the primary usage for normalizing URLs is to sanitize such URLs, we can't use that
 * method and IE < 8 is unsupported.
 *
 * References:
 *   http://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/HTMLAnchorElement
 *   http://www.aptana.com/reference/html/api/HTMLAnchorElement.html
 *   http://url.spec.whatwg.org/#urlutils
 *   https://github.com/angular/angular.js/pull/2902
 *   http://james.padolsey.com/javascript/parsing-urls-with-the-dom/
 *
 * @kind function
 * @param {string} url The URL to be parsed.
 * @description Normalizes and parses a URL.
 * @returns {object} Returns the normalized URL as a dictionary.
 *
 *   | member name   | Description    |
 *   |---------------|----------------|
 *   | href          | A normalized version of the provided URL if it was not an absolute URL |
 *   | protocol      | The protocol including the trailing colon                              |
 *   | host          | The host and port (if the port is non-default) of the normalizedUrl    |
 *   | search        | The search params, minus the question mark                             |
 *   | hash          | The hash string, minus the hash symbol
 *   | hostname      | The hostname
 *   | port          | The port, without ":"
 *   | pathname      | The pathname, beginning with "/"
 *
 */
function urlResolve(url, base) {
  var href = url;

  if (msie) {
    // Normalize before parse.  Refer Implementation Notes on why this is
    // done in two steps on IE.
    urlParsingNode.setAttribute("href", href);
    href = urlParsingNode.href;
  }

  urlParsingNode.setAttribute('href', href);

  // urlParsingNode provides the UrlUtils interface - http://url.spec.whatwg.org/#urlutils
  return {
    href: urlParsingNode.href,
    protocol: urlParsingNode.protocol ? urlParsingNode.protocol.replace(/:$/, '') : '',
    host: urlParsingNode.host,
    search: urlParsingNode.search ? urlParsingNode.search.replace(/^\?/, '') : '',
    hash: urlParsingNode.hash ? urlParsingNode.hash.replace(/^#/, '') : '',
    hostname: urlParsingNode.hostname,
    port: urlParsingNode.port,
    pathname: (urlParsingNode.pathname.charAt(0) === '/')
      ? urlParsingNode.pathname
      : '/' + urlParsingNode.pathname
  };
}

/**
 * Parse a request URL and determine whether this is a same-origin request as the application document.
 *
 * @param {string|object} requestUrl The url of the request as a string that will be resolved
 * or a parsed URL object.
 * @returns {boolean} Whether the request is for the same origin as the application document.
 */
function urlIsSameOrigin(requestUrl) {
  var parsed = (isString(requestUrl)) ? urlResolve(requestUrl) : requestUrl;
  return (parsed.protocol === originUrl.protocol &&
          parsed.host === originUrl.host);
}

/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $window
 *
 * @description
 * A reference to the browser's `window` object. While `window`
 * is globally available in JavaScript, it causes testability problems, because
 * it is a global variable. In angular we always refer to it through the
 * `$window` service, so it may be overridden, removed or mocked for testing.
 *
 * Expressions, like the one defined for the `ngClick` directive in the example
 * below, are evaluated with respect to the current scope.  Therefore, there is
 * no risk of inadvertently coding in a dependency on a global value in such an
 * expression.
 *
 * @example
   <example module="windowExample">
     <file name="index.html">
       <script>
         angular.module('windowExample', [])
           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', '$window', function ($scope, $window) {
             $scope.greeting = 'Hello, World!';
             $scope.doGreeting = function(greeting) {
               $window.alert(greeting);
             };
           }]);
       </script>
       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
         <input type="text" ng-model="greeting" />
         <button ng-click="doGreeting(greeting)">ALERT</button>
       </div>
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
      it('should display the greeting in the input box', function() {
       element(by.model('greeting')).sendKeys('Hello, E2E Tests');
       // If we click the button it will block the test runner
       // element(':button').click();
      });
     </file>
   </example>
 */
function $WindowProvider(){
  this.$get = valueFn(window);
}

/* global currencyFilter: true,
 dateFilter: true,
 filterFilter: true,
 jsonFilter: true,
 limitToFilter: true,
 lowercaseFilter: true,
 numberFilter: true,
 orderByFilter: true,
 uppercaseFilter: true,
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc provider
 * @name $filterProvider
 * @description
 *
 * Filters are just functions which transform input to an output. However filters need to be
 * Dependency Injected. To achieve this a filter definition consists of a factory function which is
 * annotated with dependencies and is responsible for creating a filter function.
 *
 * ```js
 *   // Filter registration
 *   function MyModule($provide, $filterProvider) {
 *     // create a service to demonstrate injection (not always needed)
 *     $provide.value('greet', function(name){
 *       return 'Hello ' + name + '!';
 *     });
 *
 *     // register a filter factory which uses the
 *     // greet service to demonstrate DI.
 *     $filterProvider.register('greet', function(greet){
 *       // return the filter function which uses the greet service
 *       // to generate salutation
 *       return function(text) {
 *         // filters need to be forgiving so check input validity
 *         return text && greet(text) || text;
 *       };
 *     });
 *   }
 * ```
 *
 * The filter function is registered with the `$injector` under the filter name suffix with
 * `Filter`.
 *
 * ```js
 *   it('should be the same instance', inject(
 *     function($filterProvider) {
 *       $filterProvider.register('reverse', function(){
 *         return ...;
 *       });
 *     },
 *     function($filter, reverseFilter) {
 *       expect($filter('reverse')).toBe(reverseFilter);
 *     });
 * ```
 *
 *
 * For more information about how angular filters work, and how to create your own filters, see
 * {@link guide/filter Filters} in the Angular Developer Guide.
 */
/**
 * @ngdoc method
 * @name $filterProvider#register
 * @description
 * Register filter factory function.
 *
 * @param {String} name Name of the filter.
 * @param {Function} fn The filter factory function which is injectable.
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc service
 * @name $filter
 * @kind function
 * @description
 * Filters are used for formatting data displayed to the user.
 *
 * The general syntax in templates is as follows:
 *
 *         {{ expression [| filter_name[:parameter_value] ... ] }}
 *
 * @param {String} name Name of the filter function to retrieve
 * @return {Function} the filter function
 * @example
   <example name="$filter" module="filterExample">
     <file name="index.html">
       <div ng-controller="MainCtrl">
        <h3>{{ originalText }}</h3>
        <h3>{{ filteredText }}</h3>
       </div>
     </file>

     <file name="script.js">
      angular.module('filterExample', [])
      .controller('MainCtrl', function($scope, $filter) {
        $scope.originalText = 'hello';
        $scope.filteredText = $filter('uppercase')($scope.originalText);
      });
     </file>
   </example>
  */
$FilterProvider.$inject = ['$provide'];
function $FilterProvider($provide) {
  var suffix = 'Filter';

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name $controllerProvider#register
   * @param {string|Object} name Name of the filter function, or an object map of filters where
   *    the keys are the filter names and the values are the filter factories.
   * @returns {Object} Registered filter instance, or if a map of filters was provided then a map
   *    of the registered filter instances.
   */
  function register(name, factory) {
    if(isObject(name)) {
      var filters = {};
      forEach(name, function(filter, key) {
        filters[key] = register(key, filter);
      });
      return filters;
    } else {
      return $provide.factory(name + suffix, factory);
    }
  }
  this.register = register;

  this.$get = ['$injector', function($injector) {
    return function(name) {
      return $injector.get(name + suffix);
    };
  }];

  ////////////////////////////////////////

  /* global
    currencyFilter: false,
    dateFilter: false,
    filterFilter: false,
    jsonFilter: false,
    limitToFilter: false,
    lowercaseFilter: false,
    numberFilter: false,
    orderByFilter: false,
    uppercaseFilter: false,
  */

  register('currency', currencyFilter);
  register('date', dateFilter);
  register('filter', filterFilter);
  register('json', jsonFilter);
  register('limitTo', limitToFilter);
  register('lowercase', lowercaseFilter);
  register('number', numberFilter);
  register('orderBy', orderByFilter);
  register('uppercase', uppercaseFilter);
}

/**
 * @ngdoc filter
 * @name filter
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Selects a subset of items from `array` and returns it as a new array.
 *
 * @param {Array} array The source array.
 * @param {string|Object|function()} expression The predicate to be used for selecting items from
 *   `array`.
 *
 *   Can be one of:
 *
 *   - `string`: The string is evaluated as an expression and the resulting value is used for substring match against
 *     the contents of the `array`. All strings or objects with string properties in `array` that contain this string
 *     will be returned. The predicate can be negated by prefixing the string with `!`.
 *
 *   - `Object`: A pattern object can be used to filter specific properties on objects contained
 *     by `array`. For example `{name:"M", phone:"1"}` predicate will return an array of items
 *     which have property `name` containing "M" and property `phone` containing "1". A special
 *     property name `$` can be used (as in `{$:"text"}`) to accept a match against any
 *     property of the object. That's equivalent to the simple substring match with a `string`
 *     as described above.
 *
 *   - `function(value)`: A predicate function can be used to write arbitrary filters. The function is
 *     called for each element of `array`. The final result is an array of those elements that
 *     the predicate returned true for.
 *
 * @param {function(actual, expected)|true|undefined} comparator Comparator which is used in
 *     determining if the expected value (from the filter expression) and actual value (from
 *     the object in the array) should be considered a match.
 *
 *   Can be one of:
 *
 *   - `function(actual, expected)`:
 *     The function will be given the object value and the predicate value to compare and
 *     should return true if the item should be included in filtered result.
 *
 *   - `true`: A shorthand for `function(actual, expected) { return angular.equals(expected, actual)}`.
 *     this is essentially strict comparison of expected and actual.
 *
 *   - `false|undefined`: A short hand for a function which will look for a substring match in case
 *     insensitive way.
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
       <div ng-init="friends = [{name:'John', phone:'555-1276'},
                                {name:'Mary', phone:'800-BIG-MARY'},
                                {name:'Mike', phone:'555-4321'},
                                {name:'Adam', phone:'555-5678'},
                                {name:'Julie', phone:'555-8765'},
                                {name:'Juliette', phone:'555-5678'}]"></div>

       Search: <input ng-model="searchText">
       <table id="searchTextResults">
         <tr><th>Name</th><th>Phone</th></tr>
         <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | filter:searchText">
           <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
           <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
         </tr>
       </table>
       <hr>
       Any: <input ng-model="search.$"> <br>
       Name only <input ng-model="search.name"><br>
       Phone only <input ng-model="search.phone"><br>
       Equality <input type="checkbox" ng-model="strict"><br>
       <table id="searchObjResults">
         <tr><th>Name</th><th>Phone</th></tr>
         <tr ng-repeat="friendObj in friends | filter:search:strict">
           <td>{{friendObj.name}}</td>
           <td>{{friendObj.phone}}</td>
         </tr>
       </table>
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
       var expectFriendNames = function(expectedNames, key) {
         element.all(by.repeater(key + ' in friends').column(key + '.name')).then(function(arr) {
           arr.forEach(function(wd, i) {
             expect(wd.getText()).toMatch(expectedNames[i]);
           });
         });
       };

       it('should search across all fields when filtering with a string', function() {
         var searchText = element(by.model('searchText'));
         searchText.clear();
         searchText.sendKeys('m');
         expectFriendNames(['Mary', 'Mike', 'Adam'], 'friend');

         searchText.clear();
         searchText.sendKeys('76');
         expectFriendNames(['John', 'Julie'], 'friend');
       });

       it('should search in specific fields when filtering with a predicate object', function() {
         var searchAny = element(by.model('search.$'));
         searchAny.clear();
         searchAny.sendKeys('i');
         expectFriendNames(['Mary', 'Mike', 'Julie', 'Juliette'], 'friendObj');
       });
       it('should use a equal comparison when comparator is true', function() {
         var searchName = element(by.model('search.name'));
         var strict = element(by.model('strict'));
         searchName.clear();
         searchName.sendKeys('Julie');
         strict.click();
         expectFriendNames(['Julie'], 'friendObj');
       });
     </file>
   </example>
 */
function filterFilter() {
  return function(array, expression, comparator) {
    if (!isArray(array)) return array;

    var comparatorType = typeof(comparator),
        predicates = [];

    predicates.check = function(value) {
      for (var j = 0; j < predicates.length; j++) {
        if(!predicates[j](value)) {
          return false;
        }
      }
      return true;
    };

    if (comparatorType !== 'function') {
      if (comparatorType === 'boolean' && comparator) {
        comparator = function(obj, text) {
          return angular.equals(obj, text);
        };
      } else {
        comparator = function(obj, text) {
          if (obj && text && typeof obj === 'object' && typeof text === 'object') {
            for (var objKey in obj) {
              if (objKey.charAt(0) !== '$' && hasOwnProperty.call(obj, objKey) &&
                  comparator(obj[objKey], text[objKey])) {
                return true;
              }
            }
            return false;
          }
          text = (''+text).toLowerCase();
          return (''+obj).toLowerCase().indexOf(text) > -1;
        };
      }
    }

    var search = function(obj, text){
      if (typeof text == 'string' && text.charAt(0) === '!') {
        return !search(obj, text.substr(1));
      }
      switch (typeof obj) {
        case "boolean":
        case "number":
        case "string":
          return comparator(obj, text);
        case "object":
          switch (typeof text) {
            case "object":
              return comparator(obj, text);
            default:
              for ( var objKey in obj) {
                if (objKey.charAt(0) !== '$' && search(obj[objKey], text)) {
                  return true;
                }
              }
              break;
          }
          return false;
        case "array":
          for ( var i = 0; i < obj.length; i++) {
            if (search(obj[i], text)) {
              return true;
            }
          }
          return false;
        default:
          return false;
      }
    };
    switch (typeof expression) {
      case "boolean":
      case "number":
      case "string":
        // Set up expression object and fall through
        expression = {$:expression};
        // jshint -W086
      case "object":
        // jshint +W086
        for (var key in expression) {
          (function(path) {
            if (typeof expression[path] === 'undefined') return;
            predicates.push(function(value) {
              return search(path == '$' ? value : (value && value[path]), expression[path]);
            });
          })(key);
        }
        break;
      case 'function':
        predicates.push(expression);
        break;
      default:
        return array;
    }
    var filtered = [];
    for ( var j = 0; j < array.length; j++) {
      var value = array[j];
      if (predicates.check(value)) {
        filtered.push(value);
      }
    }
    return filtered;
  };
}

/**
 * @ngdoc filter
 * @name currency
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Formats a number as a currency (ie $1,234.56). When no currency symbol is provided, default
 * symbol for current locale is used.
 *
 * @param {number} amount Input to filter.
 * @param {string=} symbol Currency symbol or identifier to be displayed.
 * @returns {string} Formatted number.
 *
 *
 * @example
   <example module="currencyExample">
     <file name="index.html">
       <script>
         angular.module('currencyExample', [])
           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
             $scope.amount = 1234.56;
           }]);
       </script>
       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
         <input type="number" ng-model="amount"> <br>
         default currency symbol ($): <span id="currency-default">{{amount | currency}}</span><br>
         custom currency identifier (USD$): <span>{{amount | currency:"USD$"}}</span>
       </div>
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
       it('should init with 1234.56', function() {
         expect(element(by.id('currency-default')).getText()).toBe('$1,234.56');
         expect(element(by.binding('amount | currency:"USD$"')).getText()).toBe('USD$1,234.56');
       });
       it('should update', function() {
         if (browser.params.browser == 'safari') {
           // Safari does not understand the minus key. See
           // https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/481
           return;
         }
         element(by.model('amount')).clear();
         element(by.model('amount')).sendKeys('-1234');
         expect(element(by.id('currency-default')).getText()).toBe('($1,234.00)');
         expect(element(by.binding('amount | currency:"USD$"')).getText()).toBe('(USD$1,234.00)');
       });
     </file>
   </example>
 */
currencyFilter.$inject = ['$locale'];
function currencyFilter($locale) {
  var formats = $locale.NUMBER_FORMATS;
  return function(amount, currencySymbol){
    if (isUndefined(currencySymbol)) currencySymbol = formats.CURRENCY_SYM;
    return formatNumber(amount, formats.PATTERNS[1], formats.GROUP_SEP, formats.DECIMAL_SEP, 2).
                replace(/\u00A4/g, currencySymbol);
  };
}

/**
 * @ngdoc filter
 * @name number
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Formats a number as text.
 *
 * If the input is not a number an empty string is returned.
 *
 * @param {number|string} number Number to format.
 * @param {(number|string)=} fractionSize Number of decimal places to round the number to.
 * If this is not provided then the fraction size is computed from the current locale's number
 * formatting pattern. In the case of the default locale, it will be 3.
 * @returns {string} Number rounded to decimalPlaces and places a “,” after each third digit.
 *
 * @example
   <example module="numberFilterExample">
     <file name="index.html">
       <script>
         angular.module('numberFilterExample', [])
           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
             $scope.val = 1234.56789;
           }]);
       </script>
       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
         Enter number: <input ng-model='val'><br>
         Default formatting: <span id='number-default'>{{val | number}}</span><br>
         No fractions: <span>{{val | number:0}}</span><br>
         Negative number: <span>{{-val | number:4}}</span>
       </div>
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
       it('should format numbers', function() {
         expect(element(by.id('number-default')).getText()).toBe('1,234.568');
         expect(element(by.binding('val | number:0')).getText()).toBe('1,235');
         expect(element(by.binding('-val | number:4')).getText()).toBe('-1,234.5679');
       });

       it('should update', function() {
         element(by.model('val')).clear();
         element(by.model('val')).sendKeys('3374.333');
         expect(element(by.id('number-default')).getText()).toBe('3,374.333');
         expect(element(by.binding('val | number:0')).getText()).toBe('3,374');
         expect(element(by.binding('-val | number:4')).getText()).toBe('-3,374.3330');
      });
     </file>
   </example>
 */


numberFilter.$inject = ['$locale'];
function numberFilter($locale) {
  var formats = $locale.NUMBER_FORMATS;
  return function(number, fractionSize) {
    return formatNumber(number, formats.PATTERNS[0], formats.GROUP_SEP, formats.DECIMAL_SEP,
      fractionSize);
  };
}

var DECIMAL_SEP = '.';
function formatNumber(number, pattern, groupSep, decimalSep, fractionSize) {
  if (number == null || !isFinite(number) || isObject(number)) return '';

  var isNegative = number < 0;
  number = Math.abs(number);
  var numStr = number + '',
      formatedText = '',
      parts = [];

  var hasExponent = false;
  if (numStr.indexOf('e') !== -1) {
    var match = numStr.match(/([\d\.]+)e(-?)(\d+)/);
    if (match && match[2] == '-' && match[3] > fractionSize + 1) {
      numStr = '0';
      number = 0;
    } else {
      formatedText = numStr;
      hasExponent = true;
    }
  }

  if (!hasExponent) {
    var fractionLen = (numStr.split(DECIMAL_SEP)[1] || '').length;

    // determine fractionSize if it is not specified
    if (isUndefined(fractionSize)) {
      fractionSize = Math.min(Math.max(pattern.minFrac, fractionLen), pattern.maxFrac);
    }

    // safely round numbers in JS without hitting imprecisions of floating-point arithmetics
    // inspired by:
    // https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/JavaScript/Reference/Global_Objects/Math/round
    number = +(Math.round(+(number.toString() + 'e' + fractionSize)).toString() + 'e' + -fractionSize);

    var fraction = ('' + number).split(DECIMAL_SEP);
    var whole = fraction[0];
    fraction = fraction[1] || '';

    var i, pos = 0,
        lgroup = pattern.lgSize,
        group = pattern.gSize;

    if (whole.length >= (lgroup + group)) {
      pos = whole.length - lgroup;
      for (i = 0; i < pos; i++) {
        if ((pos - i)%group === 0 && i !== 0) {
          formatedText += groupSep;
        }
        formatedText += whole.charAt(i);
      }
    }

    for (i = pos; i < whole.length; i++) {
      if ((whole.length - i)%lgroup === 0 && i !== 0) {
        formatedText += groupSep;
      }
      formatedText += whole.charAt(i);
    }

    // format fraction part.
    while(fraction.length < fractionSize) {
      fraction += '0';
    }

    if (fractionSize && fractionSize !== "0") formatedText += decimalSep + fraction.substr(0, fractionSize);
  } else {

    if (fractionSize > 0 && number > -1 && number < 1) {
      formatedText = number.toFixed(fractionSize);
    }
  }

  parts.push(isNegative ? pattern.negPre : pattern.posPre);
  parts.push(formatedText);
  parts.push(isNegative ? pattern.negSuf : pattern.posSuf);
  return parts.join('');
}

function padNumber(num, digits, trim) {
  var neg = '';
  if (num < 0) {
    neg =  '-';
    num = -num;
  }
  num = '' + num;
  while(num.length < digits) num = '0' + num;
  if (trim)
    num = num.substr(num.length - digits);
  return neg + num;
}


function dateGetter(name, size, offset, trim) {
  offset = offset || 0;
  return function(date) {
    var value = date['get' + name]();
    if (offset > 0 || value > -offset)
      value += offset;
    if (value === 0 && offset == -12 ) value = 12;
    return padNumber(value, size, trim);
  };
}

function dateStrGetter(name, shortForm) {
  return function(date, formats) {
    var value = date['get' + name]();
    var get = uppercase(shortForm ? ('SHORT' + name) : name);

    return formats[get][value];
  };
}

function timeZoneGetter(date) {
  var zone = -1 * date.getTimezoneOffset();
  var paddedZone = (zone >= 0) ? "+" : "";

  paddedZone += padNumber(Math[zone > 0 ? 'floor' : 'ceil'](zone / 60), 2) +
                padNumber(Math.abs(zone % 60), 2);

  return paddedZone;
}

function getFirstThursdayOfYear(year) {
    // 0 = index of January
    var dayOfWeekOnFirst = (new Date(year, 0, 1)).getDay();
    // 4 = index of Thursday (+1 to account for 1st = 5)
    // 11 = index of *next* Thursday (+1 account for 1st = 12)
    return new Date(year, 0, ((dayOfWeekOnFirst <= 4) ? 5 : 12) - dayOfWeekOnFirst);
}

function getThursdayThisWeek(datetime) {
    return new Date(datetime.getFullYear(), datetime.getMonth(),
      // 4 = index of Thursday
      datetime.getDate() + (4 - datetime.getDay()));
}

function weekGetter(size) {
   return function(date) {
      var firstThurs = getFirstThursdayOfYear(date.getFullYear()),
         thisThurs = getThursdayThisWeek(date);

      var diff = +thisThurs - +firstThurs,
         result = 1 + Math.round(diff / 6.048e8); // 6.048e8 ms per week

      return padNumber(result, size);
   };
}

function ampmGetter(date, formats) {
  return date.getHours() < 12 ? formats.AMPMS[0] : formats.AMPMS[1];
}

var DATE_FORMATS = {
  yyyy: dateGetter('FullYear', 4),
    yy: dateGetter('FullYear', 2, 0, true),
     y: dateGetter('FullYear', 1),
  MMMM: dateStrGetter('Month'),
   MMM: dateStrGetter('Month', true),
    MM: dateGetter('Month', 2, 1),
     M: dateGetter('Month', 1, 1),
    dd: dateGetter('Date', 2),
     d: dateGetter('Date', 1),
    HH: dateGetter('Hours', 2),
     H: dateGetter('Hours', 1),
    hh: dateGetter('Hours', 2, -12),
     h: dateGetter('Hours', 1, -12),
    mm: dateGetter('Minutes', 2),
     m: dateGetter('Minutes', 1),
    ss: dateGetter('Seconds', 2),
     s: dateGetter('Seconds', 1),
     // while ISO 8601 requires fractions to be prefixed with `.` or `,`
     // we can be just safely rely on using `sss` since we currently don't support single or two digit fractions
   sss: dateGetter('Milliseconds', 3),
  EEEE: dateStrGetter('Day'),
   EEE: dateStrGetter('Day', true),
     a: ampmGetter,
     Z: timeZoneGetter,
    ww: weekGetter(2),
     w: weekGetter(1)
};

var DATE_FORMATS_SPLIT = /((?:[^yMdHhmsaZEw']+)|(?:'(?:[^']|'')*')|(?:E+|y+|M+|d+|H+|h+|m+|s+|a|Z|w+))(.*)/,
    NUMBER_STRING = /^\-?\d+$/;

/**
 * @ngdoc filter
 * @name date
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 *   Formats `date` to a string based on the requested `format`.
 *
 *   `format` string can be composed of the following elements:
 *
 *   * `'yyyy'`: 4 digit representation of year (e.g. AD 1 => 0001, AD 2010 => 2010)
 *   * `'yy'`: 2 digit representation of year, padded (00-99). (e.g. AD 2001 => 01, AD 2010 => 10)
 *   * `'y'`: 1 digit representation of year, e.g. (AD 1 => 1, AD 199 => 199)
 *   * `'MMMM'`: Month in year (January-December)
 *   * `'MMM'`: Month in year (Jan-Dec)
 *   * `'MM'`: Month in year, padded (01-12)
 *   * `'M'`: Month in year (1-12)
 *   * `'dd'`: Day in month, padded (01-31)
 *   * `'d'`: Day in month (1-31)
 *   * `'EEEE'`: Day in Week,(Sunday-Saturday)
 *   * `'EEE'`: Day in Week, (Sun-Sat)
 *   * `'HH'`: Hour in day, padded (00-23)
 *   * `'H'`: Hour in day (0-23)
 *   * `'hh'`: Hour in am/pm, padded (01-12)
 *   * `'h'`: Hour in am/pm, (1-12)
 *   * `'mm'`: Minute in hour, padded (00-59)
 *   * `'m'`: Minute in hour (0-59)
 *   * `'ss'`: Second in minute, padded (00-59)
 *   * `'s'`: Second in minute (0-59)
 *   * `'.sss' or ',sss'`: Millisecond in second, padded (000-999)
 *   * `'a'`: am/pm marker
 *   * `'Z'`: 4 digit (+sign) representation of the timezone offset (-1200-+1200)
 *   * `'ww'`: ISO-8601 week of year (00-53)
 *   * `'w'`: ISO-8601 week of year (0-53)
 *
 *   `format` string can also be one of the following predefined
 *   {@link guide/i18n localizable formats}:
 *
 *   * `'medium'`: equivalent to `'MMM d, y h:mm:ss a'` for en_US locale
 *     (e.g. Sep 3, 2010 12:05:08 pm)
 *   * `'short'`: equivalent to `'M/d/yy h:mm a'` for en_US  locale (e.g. 9/3/10 12:05 pm)
 *   * `'fullDate'`: equivalent to `'EEEE, MMMM d, y'` for en_US  locale
 *     (e.g. Friday, September 3, 2010)
 *   * `'longDate'`: equivalent to `'MMMM d, y'` for en_US  locale (e.g. September 3, 2010)
 *   * `'mediumDate'`: equivalent to `'MMM d, y'` for en_US  locale (e.g. Sep 3, 2010)
 *   * `'shortDate'`: equivalent to `'M/d/yy'` for en_US locale (e.g. 9/3/10)
 *   * `'mediumTime'`: equivalent to `'h:mm:ss a'` for en_US locale (e.g. 12:05:08 pm)
 *   * `'shortTime'`: equivalent to `'h:mm a'` for en_US locale (e.g. 12:05 pm)
 *
 *   `format` string can contain literal values. These need to be quoted with single quotes (e.g.
 *   `"h 'in the morning'"`). In order to output single quote, use two single quotes in a sequence
 *   (e.g. `"h 'o''clock'"`).
 *
 * @param {(Date|number|string)} date Date to format either as Date object, milliseconds (string or
 *    number) or various ISO 8601 datetime string formats (e.g. yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm:ss.SSSZ and its
 *    shorter versions like yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mmZ, yyyy-MM-dd or yyyyMMddTHHmmssZ). If no timezone is
 *    specified in the string input, the time is considered to be in the local timezone.
 * @param {string=} format Formatting rules (see Description). If not specified,
 *    `mediumDate` is used.
 * @returns {string} Formatted string or the input if input is not recognized as date/millis.
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
       <span ng-non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:'medium'}}</span>:
           <span>{{1288323623006 | date:'medium'}}</span><br>
       <span ng-non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z'}}</span>:
          <span>{{1288323623006 | date:'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z'}}</span><br>
       <span ng-non-bindable>{{1288323623006 | date:'MM/dd/yyyy @ h:mma'}}</span>:
          <span>{{'1288323623006' | date:'MM/dd/yyyy @ h:mma'}}</span><br>
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
       it('should format date', function() {
         expect(element(by.binding("1288323623006 | date:'medium'")).getText()).
            toMatch(/Oct 2\d, 2010 \d{1,2}:\d{2}:\d{2} (AM|PM)/);
         expect(element(by.binding("1288323623006 | date:'yyyy-MM-dd HH:mm:ss Z'")).getText()).
            toMatch(/2010\-10\-2\d \d{2}:\d{2}:\d{2} (\-|\+)?\d{4}/);
         expect(element(by.binding("'1288323623006' | date:'MM/dd/yyyy @ h:mma'")).getText()).
            toMatch(/10\/2\d\/2010 @ \d{1,2}:\d{2}(AM|PM)/);
       });
     </file>
   </example>
 */
dateFilter.$inject = ['$locale'];
function dateFilter($locale) {


  var R_ISO8601_STR = /^(\d{4})-?(\d\d)-?(\d\d)(?:T(\d\d)(?::?(\d\d)(?::?(\d\d)(?:\.(\d+))?)?)?(Z|([+-])(\d\d):?(\d\d))?)?$/;
                     // 1        2       3         4          5          6          7          8  9     10      11
  function jsonStringToDate(string) {
    var match;
    if (match = string.match(R_ISO8601_STR)) {
      var date = new Date(0),
          tzHour = 0,
          tzMin  = 0,
          dateSetter = match[8] ? date.setUTCFullYear : date.setFullYear,
          timeSetter = match[8] ? date.setUTCHours : date.setHours;

      if (match[9]) {
        tzHour = int(match[9] + match[10]);
        tzMin = int(match[9] + match[11]);
      }
      dateSetter.call(date, int(match[1]), int(match[2]) - 1, int(match[3]));
      var h = int(match[4]||0) - tzHour;
      var m = int(match[5]||0) - tzMin;
      var s = int(match[6]||0);
      var ms = Math.round(parseFloat('0.' + (match[7]||0)) * 1000);
      timeSetter.call(date, h, m, s, ms);
      return date;
    }
    return string;
  }


  return function(date, format) {
    var text = '',
        parts = [],
        fn, match;

    format = format || 'mediumDate';
    format = $locale.DATETIME_FORMATS[format] || format;
    if (isString(date)) {
      date = NUMBER_STRING.test(date) ? int(date) : jsonStringToDate(date);
    }

    if (isNumber(date)) {
      date = new Date(date);
    }

    if (!isDate(date)) {
      return date;
    }

    while(format) {
      match = DATE_FORMATS_SPLIT.exec(format);
      if (match) {
        parts = concat(parts, match, 1);
        format = parts.pop();
      } else {
        parts.push(format);
        format = null;
      }
    }

    forEach(parts, function(value){
      fn = DATE_FORMATS[value];
      text += fn ? fn(date, $locale.DATETIME_FORMATS)
                 : value.replace(/(^'|'$)/g, '').replace(/''/g, "'");
    });

    return text;
  };
}


/**
 * @ngdoc filter
 * @name json
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 *   Allows you to convert a JavaScript object into JSON string.
 *
 *   This filter is mostly useful for debugging. When using the double curly {{value}} notation
 *   the binding is automatically converted to JSON.
 *
 * @param {*} object Any JavaScript object (including arrays and primitive types) to filter.
 * @returns {string} JSON string.
 *
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
       <pre>{{ {'name':'value'} | json }}</pre>
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
       it('should jsonify filtered objects', function() {
         expect(element(by.binding("{'name':'value'}")).getText()).toMatch(/\{\n  "name": ?"value"\n}/);
       });
     </file>
   </example>
 *
 */
function jsonFilter() {
  return function(object) {
    return toJson(object, true);
  };
}


/**
 * @ngdoc filter
 * @name lowercase
 * @kind function
 * @description
 * Converts string to lowercase.
 * @see angular.lowercase
 */
var lowercaseFilter = valueFn(lowercase);


/**
 * @ngdoc filter
 * @name uppercase
 * @kind function
 * @description
 * Converts string to uppercase.
 * @see angular.uppercase
 */
var uppercaseFilter = valueFn(uppercase);

/**
 * @ngdoc filter
 * @name limitTo
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Creates a new array or string containing only a specified number of elements. The elements
 * are taken from either the beginning or the end of the source array or string, as specified by
 * the value and sign (positive or negative) of `limit`.
 *
 * @param {Array|string} input Source array or string to be limited.
 * @param {string|number} limit The length of the returned array or string. If the `limit` number
 *     is positive, `limit` number of items from the beginning of the source array/string are copied.
 *     If the number is negative, `limit` number  of items from the end of the source array/string
 *     are copied. The `limit` will be trimmed if it exceeds `array.length`
 * @returns {Array|string} A new sub-array or substring of length `limit` or less if input array
 *     had less than `limit` elements.
 *
 * @example
   <example module="limitToExample">
     <file name="index.html">
       <script>
         angular.module('limitToExample', [])
           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
             $scope.numbers = [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9];
             $scope.letters = "abcdefghi";
             $scope.numLimit = 3;
             $scope.letterLimit = 3;
           }]);
       </script>
       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
         Limit {{numbers}} to: <input type="integer" ng-model="numLimit">
         <p>Output numbers: {{ numbers | limitTo:numLimit }}</p>
         Limit {{letters}} to: <input type="integer" ng-model="letterLimit">
         <p>Output letters: {{ letters | limitTo:letterLimit }}</p>
       </div>
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
       var numLimitInput = element(by.model('numLimit'));
       var letterLimitInput = element(by.model('letterLimit'));
       var limitedNumbers = element(by.binding('numbers | limitTo:numLimit'));
       var limitedLetters = element(by.binding('letters | limitTo:letterLimit'));

       it('should limit the number array to first three items', function() {
         expect(numLimitInput.getAttribute('value')).toBe('3');
         expect(letterLimitInput.getAttribute('value')).toBe('3');
         expect(limitedNumbers.getText()).toEqual('Output numbers: [1,2,3]');
         expect(limitedLetters.getText()).toEqual('Output letters: abc');
       });

       it('should update the output when -3 is entered', function() {
         numLimitInput.clear();
         numLimitInput.sendKeys('-3');
         letterLimitInput.clear();
         letterLimitInput.sendKeys('-3');
         expect(limitedNumbers.getText()).toEqual('Output numbers: [7,8,9]');
         expect(limitedLetters.getText()).toEqual('Output letters: ghi');
       });

       it('should not exceed the maximum size of input array', function() {
         numLimitInput.clear();
         numLimitInput.sendKeys('100');
         letterLimitInput.clear();
         letterLimitInput.sendKeys('100');
         expect(limitedNumbers.getText()).toEqual('Output numbers: [1,2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9]');
         expect(limitedLetters.getText()).toEqual('Output letters: abcdefghi');
       });
     </file>
   </example>
 */
function limitToFilter(){
  return function(input, limit) {
    if (!isArray(input) && !isString(input)) return input;

    if (Math.abs(Number(limit)) === Infinity) {
      limit = Number(limit);
    } else {
      limit = int(limit);
    }

    if (isString(input)) {
      //NaN check on limit
      if (limit) {
        return limit >= 0 ? input.slice(0, limit) : input.slice(limit, input.length);
      } else {
        return "";
      }
    }

    var out = [],
      i, n;

    // if abs(limit) exceeds maximum length, trim it
    if (limit > input.length)
      limit = input.length;
    else if (limit < -input.length)
      limit = -input.length;

    if (limit > 0) {
      i = 0;
      n = limit;
    } else {
      i = input.length + limit;
      n = input.length;
    }

    for (; i<n; i++) {
      out.push(input[i]);
    }

    return out;
  };
}

/**
 * @ngdoc filter
 * @name orderBy
 * @kind function
 *
 * @description
 * Orders a specified `array` by the `expression` predicate. It is ordered alphabetically
 * for strings and numerically for numbers. Note: if you notice numbers are not being sorted
 * correctly, make sure they are actually being saved as numbers and not strings.
 *
 * @param {Array} array The array to sort.
 * @param {function(*)|string|Array.<(function(*)|string)>} expression A predicate to be
 *    used by the comparator to determine the order of elements.
 *
 *    Can be one of:
 *
 *    - `function`: Getter function. The result of this function will be sorted using the
 *      `<`, `=`, `>` operator.
 *    - `string`: An Angular expression which evaluates to an object to order by, such as 'name'
 *      to sort by a property called 'name'. Optionally prefixed with `+` or `-` to control
 *      ascending or descending sort order (for example, +name or -name).
 *    - `Array`: An array of function or string predicates. The first predicate in the array
 *      is used for sorting, but when two items are equivalent, the next predicate is used.
 *
 * @param {boolean=} reverse Reverse the order of the array.
 * @returns {Array} Sorted copy of the source array.
 *
 * @example
   <example module="orderByExample">
     <file name="index.html">
       <script>
         angular.module('orderByExample', [])
           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
             $scope.friends =
                 [{name:'John', phone:'555-1212', age:10},
                  {name:'Mary', phone:'555-9876', age:19},
                  {name:'Mike', phone:'555-4321', age:21},
                  {name:'Adam', phone:'555-5678', age:35},
                  {name:'Julie', phone:'555-8765', age:29}];
             $scope.predicate = '-age';
           }]);
       </script>
       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
         <pre>Sorting predicate = {{predicate}}; reverse = {{reverse}}</pre>
         <hr/>
         [ <a href="" ng-click="predicate=''">unsorted</a> ]
         <table class="friend">
           <tr>
             <th><a href="" ng-click="predicate = 'name'; reverse=false">Name</a>
                 (<a href="" ng-click="predicate = '-name'; reverse=false">^</a>)</th>
             <th><a href="" ng-click="predicate = 'phone'; reverse=!reverse">Phone Number</a></th>
             <th><a href="" ng-click="predicate = 'age'; reverse=!reverse">Age</a></th>
           </tr>
           <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends | orderBy:predicate:reverse">
             <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
             <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
             <td>{{friend.age}}</td>
           </tr>
         </table>
       </div>
     </file>
   </example>
 *
 * It's also possible to call the orderBy filter manually, by injecting `$filter`, retrieving the
 * filter routine with `$filter('orderBy')`, and calling the returned filter routine with the
 * desired parameters.
 *
 * Example:
 *
 * @example
  <example module="orderByExample">
    <file name="index.html">
      <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
        <table class="friend">
          <tr>
            <th><a href="" ng-click="reverse=false;order('name', false)">Name</a>
              (<a href="" ng-click="order('-name',false)">^</a>)</th>
            <th><a href="" ng-click="reverse=!reverse;order('phone', reverse)">Phone Number</a></th>
            <th><a href="" ng-click="reverse=!reverse;order('age',reverse)">Age</a></th>
          </tr>
          <tr ng-repeat="friend in friends">
            <td>{{friend.name}}</td>
            <td>{{friend.phone}}</td>
            <td>{{friend.age}}</td>
          </tr>
        </table>
      </div>
    </file>

    <file name="script.js">
      angular.module('orderByExample', [])
        .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', '$filter', function($scope, $filter) {
          var orderBy = $filter('orderBy');
          $scope.friends = [
            { name: 'John',    phone: '555-1212',    age: 10 },
            { name: 'Mary',    phone: '555-9876',    age: 19 },
            { name: 'Mike',    phone: '555-4321',    age: 21 },
            { name: 'Adam',    phone: '555-5678',    age: 35 },
            { name: 'Julie',   phone: '555-8765',    age: 29 }
          ];
          $scope.order = function(predicate, reverse) {
            $scope.friends = orderBy($scope.friends, predicate, reverse);
          };
          $scope.order('-age',false);
        }]);
    </file>
</example>
 */
orderByFilter.$inject = ['$parse'];
function orderByFilter($parse){
  return function(array, sortPredicate, reverseOrder) {
    if (!isArray(array)) return array;
    if (!sortPredicate) return array;
    sortPredicate = isArray(sortPredicate) ? sortPredicate: [sortPredicate];
    sortPredicate = map(sortPredicate, function(predicate){
      var descending = false, get = predicate || identity;
      if (isString(predicate)) {
        if ((predicate.charAt(0) == '+' || predicate.charAt(0) == '-')) {
          descending = predicate.charAt(0) == '-';
          predicate = predicate.substring(1);
        }
        get = $parse(predicate);
        if (get.constant) {
          var key = get();
          return reverseComparator(function(a,b) {
            return compare(a[key], b[key]);
          }, descending);
        }
      }
      return reverseComparator(function(a,b){
        return compare(get(a),get(b));
      }, descending);
    });
    var arrayCopy = [];
    for ( var i = 0; i < array.length; i++) { arrayCopy.push(array[i]); }
    return arrayCopy.sort(reverseComparator(comparator, reverseOrder));

    function comparator(o1, o2){
      for ( var i = 0; i < sortPredicate.length; i++) {
        var comp = sortPredicate[i](o1, o2);
        if (comp !== 0) return comp;
      }
      return 0;
    }
    function reverseComparator(comp, descending) {
      return descending
          ? function(a,b){return comp(b,a);}
          : comp;
    }
    function compare(v1, v2){
      var t1 = typeof v1;
      var t2 = typeof v2;
      if (t1 == t2) {
        if (isDate(v1) && isDate(v2)) {
          v1 = v1.valueOf();
          v2 = v2.valueOf();
        }
        if (t1 == "string") {
           v1 = v1.toLowerCase();
           v2 = v2.toLowerCase();
        }
        if (v1 === v2) return 0;
        return v1 < v2 ? -1 : 1;
      } else {
        return t1 < t2 ? -1 : 1;
      }
    }
  };
}

function ngDirective(directive) {
  if (isFunction(directive)) {
    directive = {
      link: directive
    };
  }
  directive.restrict = directive.restrict || 'AC';
  return valueFn(directive);
}

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name a
 * @restrict E
 *
 * @description
 * Modifies the default behavior of the html A tag so that the default action is prevented when
 * the href attribute is empty.
 *
 * This change permits the easy creation of action links with the `ngClick` directive
 * without changing the location or causing page reloads, e.g.:
 * `<a href="" ng-click="list.addItem()">Add Item</a>`
 */
var htmlAnchorDirective = valueFn({
  restrict: 'E',
  compile: function(element, attr) {

    if (msie <= 8) {

      // turn <a href ng-click="..">link</a> into a stylable link in IE
      // but only if it doesn't have name attribute, in which case it's an anchor
      if (!attr.href && !attr.name) {
        attr.$set('href', '');
      }

      // add a comment node to anchors to workaround IE bug that causes element content to be reset
      // to new attribute content if attribute is updated with value containing @ and element also
      // contains value with @
      // see issue #1949
      element.append(document.createComment('IE fix'));
    }

    if (!attr.href && !attr.xlinkHref && !attr.name) {
      return function(scope, element) {
        // SVGAElement does not use the href attribute, but rather the 'xlinkHref' attribute.
        var href = toString.call(element.prop('href')) === '[object SVGAnimatedString]' ?
                   'xlink:href' : 'href';
        element.on('click', function(event){
          // if we have no href url, then don't navigate anywhere.
          if (!element.attr(href)) {
            event.preventDefault();
          }
        });
      };
    }
  }
});

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngHref
 * @restrict A
 * @priority 99
 *
 * @description
 * Using Angular markup like `{{hash}}` in an href attribute will
 * make the link go to the wrong URL if the user clicks it before
 * Angular has a chance to replace the `{{hash}}` markup with its
 * value. Until Angular replaces the markup the link will be broken
 * and will most likely return a 404 error.
 *
 * The `ngHref` directive solves this problem.
 *
 * The wrong way to write it:
 * ```html
 * <a href="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}"/>
 * ```
 *
 * The correct way to write it:
 * ```html
 * <a ng-href="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}"/>
 * ```
 *
 * @element A
 * @param {template} ngHref any string which can contain `{{}}` markup.
 *
 * @example
 * This example shows various combinations of `href`, `ng-href` and `ng-click` attributes
 * in links and their different behaviors:
    <example>
      <file name="index.html">
        <input ng-model="value" /><br />
        <a id="link-1" href ng-click="value = 1">link 1</a> (link, don't reload)<br />
        <a id="link-2" href="" ng-click="value = 2">link 2</a> (link, don't reload)<br />
        <a id="link-3" ng-href="/{{'123'}}">link 3</a> (link, reload!)<br />
        <a id="link-4" href="" name="xx" ng-click="value = 4">anchor</a> (link, don't reload)<br />
        <a id="link-5" name="xxx" ng-click="value = 5">anchor</a> (no link)<br />
        <a id="link-6" ng-href="{{value}}">link</a> (link, change location)
      </file>
      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
        it('should execute ng-click but not reload when href without value', function() {
          element(by.id('link-1')).click();
          expect(element(by.model('value')).getAttribute('value')).toEqual('1');
          expect(element(by.id('link-1')).getAttribute('href')).toBe('');
        });

        it('should execute ng-click but not reload when href empty string', function() {
          element(by.id('link-2')).click();
          expect(element(by.model('value')).getAttribute('value')).toEqual('2');
          expect(element(by.id('link-2')).getAttribute('href')).toBe('');
        });

        it('should execute ng-click and change url when ng-href specified', function() {
          expect(element(by.id('link-3')).getAttribute('href')).toMatch(/\/123$/);

          element(by.id('link-3')).click();

          // At this point, we navigate away from an Angular page, so we need
          // to use browser.driver to get the base webdriver.

          browser.wait(function() {
            return browser.driver.getCurrentUrl().then(function(url) {
              return url.match(/\/123$/);
            });
          }, 5000, 'page should navigate to /123');
        });

        xit('should execute ng-click but not reload when href empty string and name specified', function() {
          element(by.id('link-4')).click();
          expect(element(by.model('value')).getAttribute('value')).toEqual('4');
          expect(element(by.id('link-4')).getAttribute('href')).toBe('');
        });

        it('should execute ng-click but not reload when no href but name specified', function() {
          element(by.id('link-5')).click();
          expect(element(by.model('value')).getAttribute('value')).toEqual('5');
          expect(element(by.id('link-5')).getAttribute('href')).toBe(null);
        });

        it('should only change url when only ng-href', function() {
          element(by.model('value')).clear();
          element(by.model('value')).sendKeys('6');
          expect(element(by.id('link-6')).getAttribute('href')).toMatch(/\/6$/);

          element(by.id('link-6')).click();

          // At this point, we navigate away from an Angular page, so we need
          // to use browser.driver to get the base webdriver.
          browser.wait(function() {
            return browser.driver.getCurrentUrl().then(function(url) {
              return url.match(/\/6$/);
            });
          }, 5000, 'page should navigate to /6');
        });
      </file>
    </example>
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngSrc
 * @restrict A
 * @priority 99
 *
 * @description
 * Using Angular markup like `{{hash}}` in a `src` attribute doesn't
 * work right: The browser will fetch from the URL with the literal
 * text `{{hash}}` until Angular replaces the expression inside
 * `{{hash}}`. The `ngSrc` directive solves this problem.
 *
 * The buggy way to write it:
 * ```html
 * <img src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}"/>
 * ```
 *
 * The correct way to write it:
 * ```html
 * <img ng-src="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}}"/>
 * ```
 *
 * @element IMG
 * @param {template} ngSrc any string which can contain `{{}}` markup.
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngSrcset
 * @restrict A
 * @priority 99
 *
 * @description
 * Using Angular markup like `{{hash}}` in a `srcset` attribute doesn't
 * work right: The browser will fetch from the URL with the literal
 * text `{{hash}}` until Angular replaces the expression inside
 * `{{hash}}`. The `ngSrcset` directive solves this problem.
 *
 * The buggy way to write it:
 * ```html
 * <img srcset="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}} 2x"/>
 * ```
 *
 * The correct way to write it:
 * ```html
 * <img ng-srcset="http://www.gravatar.com/avatar/{{hash}} 2x"/>
 * ```
 *
 * @element IMG
 * @param {template} ngSrcset any string which can contain `{{}}` markup.
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngDisabled
 * @restrict A
 * @priority 100
 *
 * @description
 *
 * The following markup will make the button enabled on Chrome/Firefox but not on IE8 and older IEs:
 * ```html
 * <div ng-init="scope = { isDisabled: false }">
 *  <button disabled="{{scope.isDisabled}}">Disabled</button>
 * </div>
 * ```
 *
 * The HTML specification does not require browsers to preserve the values of boolean attributes
 * such as disabled. (Their presence means true and their absence means false.)
 * If we put an Angular interpolation expression into such an attribute then the
 * binding information would be lost when the browser removes the attribute.
 * The `ngDisabled` directive solves this problem for the `disabled` attribute.
 * This complementary directive is not removed by the browser and so provides
 * a permanent reliable place to store the binding information.
 *
 * @example
    <example>
      <file name="index.html">
        Click me to toggle: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked"><br/>
        <button ng-model="button" ng-disabled="checked">Button</button>
      </file>
      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
        it('should toggle button', function() {
          expect(element(by.css('button')).getAttribute('disabled')).toBeFalsy();
          element(by.model('checked')).click();
          expect(element(by.css('button')).getAttribute('disabled')).toBeTruthy();
        });
      </file>
    </example>
 *
 * @element INPUT
 * @param {expression} ngDisabled If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
 *     then special attribute "disabled" will be set on the element
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngChecked
 * @restrict A
 * @priority 100
 *
 * @description
 * The HTML specification does not require browsers to preserve the values of boolean attributes
 * such as checked. (Their presence means true and their absence means false.)
 * If we put an Angular interpolation expression into such an attribute then the
 * binding information would be lost when the browser removes the attribute.
 * The `ngChecked` directive solves this problem for the `checked` attribute.
 * This complementary directive is not removed by the browser and so provides
 * a permanent reliable place to store the binding information.
 * @example
    <example>
      <file name="index.html">
        Check me to check both: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="master"><br/>
        <input id="checkSlave" type="checkbox" ng-checked="master">
      </file>
      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
        it('should check both checkBoxes', function() {
          expect(element(by.id('checkSlave')).getAttribute('checked')).toBeFalsy();
          element(by.model('master')).click();
          expect(element(by.id('checkSlave')).getAttribute('checked')).toBeTruthy();
        });
      </file>
    </example>
 *
 * @element INPUT
 * @param {expression} ngChecked If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
 *     then special attribute "checked" will be set on the element
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngReadonly
 * @restrict A
 * @priority 100
 *
 * @description
 * The HTML specification does not require browsers to preserve the values of boolean attributes
 * such as readonly. (Their presence means true and their absence means false.)
 * If we put an Angular interpolation expression into such an attribute then the
 * binding information would be lost when the browser removes the attribute.
 * The `ngReadonly` directive solves this problem for the `readonly` attribute.
 * This complementary directive is not removed by the browser and so provides
 * a permanent reliable place to store the binding information.
 * @example
    <example>
      <file name="index.html">
        Check me to make text readonly: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked"><br/>
        <input type="text" ng-readonly="checked" value="I'm Angular"/>
      </file>
      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
        it('should toggle readonly attr', function() {
          expect(element(by.css('[type="text"]')).getAttribute('readonly')).toBeFalsy();
          element(by.model('checked')).click();
          expect(element(by.css('[type="text"]')).getAttribute('readonly')).toBeTruthy();
        });
      </file>
    </example>
 *
 * @element INPUT
 * @param {expression} ngReadonly If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
 *     then special attribute "readonly" will be set on the element
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngSelected
 * @restrict A
 * @priority 100
 *
 * @description
 * The HTML specification does not require browsers to preserve the values of boolean attributes
 * such as selected. (Their presence means true and their absence means false.)
 * If we put an Angular interpolation expression into such an attribute then the
 * binding information would be lost when the browser removes the attribute.
 * The `ngSelected` directive solves this problem for the `selected` attribute.
 * This complementary directive is not removed by the browser and so provides
 * a permanent reliable place to store the binding information.
 *
 * @example
    <example>
      <file name="index.html">
        Check me to select: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="selected"><br/>
        <select>
          <option>Hello!</option>
          <option id="greet" ng-selected="selected">Greetings!</option>
        </select>
      </file>
      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
        it('should select Greetings!', function() {
          expect(element(by.id('greet')).getAttribute('selected')).toBeFalsy();
          element(by.model('selected')).click();
          expect(element(by.id('greet')).getAttribute('selected')).toBeTruthy();
        });
      </file>
    </example>
 *
 * @element OPTION
 * @param {expression} ngSelected If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
 *     then special attribute "selected" will be set on the element
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngOpen
 * @restrict A
 * @priority 100
 *
 * @description
 * The HTML specification does not require browsers to preserve the values of boolean attributes
 * such as open. (Their presence means true and their absence means false.)
 * If we put an Angular interpolation expression into such an attribute then the
 * binding information would be lost when the browser removes the attribute.
 * The `ngOpen` directive solves this problem for the `open` attribute.
 * This complementary directive is not removed by the browser and so provides
 * a permanent reliable place to store the binding information.
 * @example
     <example>
       <file name="index.html">
         Check me check multiple: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="open"><br/>
         <details id="details" ng-open="open">
            <summary>Show/Hide me</summary>
         </details>
       </file>
       <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
         it('should toggle open', function() {
           expect(element(by.id('details')).getAttribute('open')).toBeFalsy();
           element(by.model('open')).click();
           expect(element(by.id('details')).getAttribute('open')).toBeTruthy();
         });
       </file>
     </example>
 *
 * @element DETAILS
 * @param {expression} ngOpen If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy,
 *     then special attribute "open" will be set on the element
 */

var ngAttributeAliasDirectives = {};


// boolean attrs are evaluated
forEach(BOOLEAN_ATTR, function(propName, attrName) {
  // binding to multiple is not supported
  if (propName == "multiple") return;

  var normalized = directiveNormalize('ng-' + attrName);
  ngAttributeAliasDirectives[normalized] = function() {
    return {
      restrict: 'A',
      priority: 100,
      link: function(scope, element, attr) {
        scope.$watch(attr[normalized], function ngBooleanAttrWatchAction(value) {
          attr.$set(attrName, !!value);
        });
      }
    };
  };
});

// aliased input attrs are evaluated
forEach(ALIASED_ATTR, function(htmlAttr, ngAttr) {
  ngAttributeAliasDirectives[ngAttr] = function() {
    return {
      priority: 100,
      link: function(scope, element, attr) {
        //special case ngPattern when a literal regular expression value
        //is used as the expression (this way we don't have to watch anything).
        if (ngAttr === "ngPattern" && attr.ngPattern.charAt(0) == "/") {
          var match = attr.ngPattern.match(REGEX_STRING_REGEXP);
          if (match) {
            attr.$set("ngPattern", new RegExp(match[1], match[2]));
            return;
          }
        }

        scope.$watch(attr[ngAttr], function ngAttrAliasWatchAction(value) {
          attr.$set(ngAttr, value);
        });
      }
    };
  };
});

// ng-src, ng-srcset, ng-href are interpolated
forEach(['src', 'srcset', 'href'], function(attrName) {
  var normalized = directiveNormalize('ng-' + attrName);
  ngAttributeAliasDirectives[normalized] = function() {
    return {
      priority: 99, // it needs to run after the attributes are interpolated
      link: function(scope, element, attr) {
        var propName = attrName,
            name = attrName;

        if (attrName === 'href' &&
            toString.call(element.prop('href')) === '[object SVGAnimatedString]') {
          name = 'xlinkHref';
          attr.$attr[name] = 'xlink:href';
          propName = null;
        }

        attr.$observe(normalized, function(value) {
          if (!value) {
            if (attrName === 'href') {
              attr.$set(name, null);
            }
            return;
          }

          attr.$set(name, value);

          // on IE, if "ng:src" directive declaration is used and "src" attribute doesn't exist
          // then calling element.setAttribute('src', 'foo') doesn't do anything, so we need
          // to set the property as well to achieve the desired effect.
          // we use attr[attrName] value since $set can sanitize the url.
          if (msie && propName) element.prop(propName, attr[name]);
        });
      }
    };
  };
});

/* global -nullFormCtrl */
var nullFormCtrl = {
  $addControl: noop,
  $removeControl: noop,
  $setValidity: noop,
  $setDirty: noop,
  $setPristine: noop
};

/**
 * @ngdoc type
 * @name form.FormController
 *
 * @property {boolean} $pristine True if user has not interacted with the form yet.
 * @property {boolean} $dirty True if user has already interacted with the form.
 * @property {boolean} $valid True if all of the containing forms and controls are valid.
 * @property {boolean} $invalid True if at least one containing control or form is invalid.
 *
 * @property {Object} $error Is an object hash, containing references to all invalid controls or
 *  forms, where:
 *
 *  - keys are validation tokens (error names),
 *  - values are arrays of controls or forms that are invalid for given error name.
 *
 *
 *  Built-in validation tokens:
 *
 *  - `email`
 *  - `max`
 *  - `maxlength`
 *  - `min`
 *  - `minlength`
 *  - `number`
 *  - `pattern`
 *  - `required`
 *  - `url`
 *
 * @description
 * `FormController` keeps track of all its controls and nested forms as well as the state of them,
 * such as being valid/invalid or dirty/pristine.
 *
 * Each {@link ng.directive:form form} directive creates an instance
 * of `FormController`.
 *
 */
//asks for $scope to fool the BC controller module
FormController.$inject = ['$element', '$attrs', '$scope', '$animate'];
function FormController(element, attrs, $scope, $animate) {
  var form = this,
      parentForm = element.parent().controller('form') || nullFormCtrl,
      invalidCount = 0, // used to easily determine if we are valid
      errors = form.$error = {},
      controls = [];

  // init state
  form.$name = attrs.name || attrs.ngForm;
  form.$dirty = false;
  form.$pristine = true;
  form.$valid = true;
  form.$invalid = false;

  parentForm.$addControl(form);

  // Setup initial state of the control
  element.addClass(PRISTINE_CLASS);
  toggleValidCss(true);

  // convenience method for easy toggling of classes
  function toggleValidCss(isValid, validationErrorKey) {
    validationErrorKey = validationErrorKey ? '-' + snake_case(validationErrorKey, '-') : '';
    $animate.removeClass(element, (isValid ? INVALID_CLASS : VALID_CLASS) + validationErrorKey);
    $animate.addClass(element, (isValid ? VALID_CLASS : INVALID_CLASS) + validationErrorKey);
  }

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name form.FormController#$rollbackViewValue
   *
   * @description
   * Rollback all form controls pending updates to the `$modelValue`.
   *
   * Updates may be pending by a debounced event or because the input is waiting for a some future
   * event defined in `ng-model-options`. This method is typically needed by the reset button of
   * a form that uses `ng-model-options` to pend updates.
   */
  form.$rollbackViewValue = function() {
    forEach(controls, function(control) {
      control.$rollbackViewValue();
    });
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name form.FormController#$commitViewValue
   *
   * @description
   * Commit all form controls pending updates to the `$modelValue`.
   *
   * Updates may be pending by a debounced event or because the input is waiting for a some future
   * event defined in `ng-model-options`. This method is rarely needed as `NgModelController`
   * usually handles calling this in response to input events.
   */
  form.$commitViewValue = function() {
    forEach(controls, function(control) {
      control.$commitViewValue();
    });
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name form.FormController#$addControl
   *
   * @description
   * Register a control with the form.
   *
   * Input elements using ngModelController do this automatically when they are linked.
   */
  form.$addControl = function(control) {
    // Breaking change - before, inputs whose name was "hasOwnProperty" were quietly ignored
    // and not added to the scope.  Now we throw an error.
    assertNotHasOwnProperty(control.$name, 'input');
    controls.push(control);

    if (control.$name) {
      form[control.$name] = control;
    }
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name form.FormController#$removeControl
   *
   * @description
   * Deregister a control from the form.
   *
   * Input elements using ngModelController do this automatically when they are destroyed.
   */
  form.$removeControl = function(control) {
    if (control.$name && form[control.$name] === control) {
      delete form[control.$name];
    }
    forEach(errors, function(queue, validationToken) {
      form.$setValidity(validationToken, true, control);
    });

    arrayRemove(controls, control);
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name form.FormController#$setValidity
   *
   * @description
   * Sets the validity of a form control.
   *
   * This method will also propagate to parent forms.
   */
  form.$setValidity = function(validationToken, isValid, control) {
    var queue = errors[validationToken];

    if (isValid) {
      if (queue) {
        arrayRemove(queue, control);
        if (!queue.length) {
          invalidCount--;
          if (!invalidCount) {
            toggleValidCss(isValid);
            form.$valid = true;
            form.$invalid = false;
          }
          errors[validationToken] = false;
          toggleValidCss(true, validationToken);
          parentForm.$setValidity(validationToken, true, form);
        }
      }

    } else {
      if (!invalidCount) {
        toggleValidCss(isValid);
      }
      if (queue) {
        if (includes(queue, control)) return;
      } else {
        errors[validationToken] = queue = [];
        invalidCount++;
        toggleValidCss(false, validationToken);
        parentForm.$setValidity(validationToken, false, form);
      }
      queue.push(control);

      form.$valid = false;
      form.$invalid = true;
    }
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name form.FormController#$setDirty
   *
   * @description
   * Sets the form to a dirty state.
   *
   * This method can be called to add the 'ng-dirty' class and set the form to a dirty
   * state (ng-dirty class). This method will also propagate to parent forms.
   */
  form.$setDirty = function() {
    $animate.removeClass(element, PRISTINE_CLASS);
    $animate.addClass(element, DIRTY_CLASS);
    form.$dirty = true;
    form.$pristine = false;
    parentForm.$setDirty();
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name form.FormController#$setPristine
   *
   * @description
   * Sets the form to its pristine state.
   *
   * This method can be called to remove the 'ng-dirty' class and set the form to its pristine
   * state (ng-pristine class). This method will also propagate to all the controls contained
   * in this form.
   *
   * Setting a form back to a pristine state is often useful when we want to 'reuse' a form after
   * saving or resetting it.
   */
  form.$setPristine = function () {
    $animate.removeClass(element, DIRTY_CLASS);
    $animate.addClass(element, PRISTINE_CLASS);
    form.$dirty = false;
    form.$pristine = true;
    forEach(controls, function(control) {
      control.$setPristine();
    });
  };
}


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngForm
 * @restrict EAC
 *
 * @description
 * Nestable alias of {@link ng.directive:form `form`} directive. HTML
 * does not allow nesting of form elements. It is useful to nest forms, for example if the validity of a
 * sub-group of controls needs to be determined.
 *
 * Note: the purpose of `ngForm` is to group controls,
 * but not to be a replacement for the `<form>` tag with all of its capabilities
 * (e.g. posting to the server, ...).
 *
 * @param {string=} ngForm|name Name of the form. If specified, the form controller will be published into
 *                       related scope, under this name.
 *
 */

 /**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name form
 * @restrict E
 *
 * @description
 * Directive that instantiates
 * {@link form.FormController FormController}.
 *
 * If the `name` attribute is specified, the form controller is published onto the current scope under
 * this name.
 *
 * # Alias: {@link ng.directive:ngForm `ngForm`}
 *
 * In Angular forms can be nested. This means that the outer form is valid when all of the child
 * forms are valid as well. However, browsers do not allow nesting of `<form>` elements, so
 * Angular provides the {@link ng.directive:ngForm `ngForm`} directive which behaves identically to
 * `<form>` but can be nested.  This allows you to have nested forms, which is very useful when
 * using Angular validation directives in forms that are dynamically generated using the
 * {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat `ngRepeat`} directive. Since you cannot dynamically generate the `name`
 * attribute of input elements using interpolation, you have to wrap each set of repeated inputs in an
 * `ngForm` directive and nest these in an outer `form` element.
 *
 *
 * # CSS classes
 *  - `ng-valid` is set if the form is valid.
 *  - `ng-invalid` is set if the form is invalid.
 *  - `ng-pristine` is set if the form is pristine.
 *  - `ng-dirty` is set if the form is dirty.
 *
 * Keep in mind that ngAnimate can detect each of these classes when added and removed.
 *
 *
 * # Submitting a form and preventing the default action
 *
 * Since the role of forms in client-side Angular applications is different than in classical
 * roundtrip apps, it is desirable for the browser not to translate the form submission into a full
 * page reload that sends the data to the server. Instead some javascript logic should be triggered
 * to handle the form submission in an application-specific way.
 *
 * For this reason, Angular prevents the default action (form submission to the server) unless the
 * `<form>` element has an `action` attribute specified.
 *
 * You can use one of the following two ways to specify what javascript method should be called when
 * a form is submitted:
 *
 * - {@link ng.directive:ngSubmit ngSubmit} directive on the form element
 * - {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick} directive on the first
  *  button or input field of type submit (input[type=submit])
 *
 * To prevent double execution of the handler, use only one of the {@link ng.directive:ngSubmit ngSubmit}
 * or {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick} directives.
 * This is because of the following form submission rules in the HTML specification:
 *
 * - If a form has only one input field then hitting enter in this field triggers form submit
 * (`ngSubmit`)
 * - if a form has 2+ input fields and no buttons or input[type=submit] then hitting enter
 * doesn't trigger submit
 * - if a form has one or more input fields and one or more buttons or input[type=submit] then
 * hitting enter in any of the input fields will trigger the click handler on the *first* button or
 * input[type=submit] (`ngClick`) *and* a submit handler on the enclosing form (`ngSubmit`)
 *
 * Any pending `ngModelOptions` changes will take place immediately when an enclosing form is
 * submitted. Note that `ngClick` events will occur before the model is updated. Use `ngSubmit`
 * to have access to the updated model.
 *
 * @param {string=} name Name of the form. If specified, the form controller will be published into
 *                       related scope, under this name.
 *
 * ## Animation Hooks
 *
 * Animations in ngForm are triggered when any of the associated CSS classes are added and removed.
 * These classes are: `.ng-pristine`, `.ng-dirty`, `.ng-invalid` and `.ng-valid` as well as any
 * other validations that are performed within the form. Animations in ngForm are similar to how
 * they work in ngClass and animations can be hooked into using CSS transitions, keyframes as well
 * as JS animations.
 *
 * The following example shows a simple way to utilize CSS transitions to style a form element
 * that has been rendered as invalid after it has been validated:
 *
 * <pre>
 * //be sure to include ngAnimate as a module to hook into more
 * //advanced animations
 * .my-form {
 *   transition:0.5s linear all;
 *   background: white;
 * }
 * .my-form.ng-invalid {
 *   background: red;
 *   color:white;
 * }
 * </pre>
 *
 * @example
    <example deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" fixBase="true" module="formExample">
      <file name="index.html">
       <script>
         angular.module('formExample', [])
           .controller('FormController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
             $scope.userType = 'guest';
           }]);
       </script>
       <style>
        .my-form {
          -webkit-transition:all linear 0.5s;
          transition:all linear 0.5s;
          background: transparent;
        }
        .my-form.ng-invalid {
          background: red;
        }
       </style>
       <form name="myForm" ng-controller="FormController" class="my-form">
         userType: <input name="input" ng-model="userType" required>
         <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">Required!</span><br>
         <tt>userType = {{userType}}</tt><br>
         <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br>
         <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br>
         <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br>
         <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br>
        </form>
      </file>
      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
        it('should initialize to model', function() {
          var userType = element(by.binding('userType'));
          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));

          expect(userType.getText()).toContain('guest');
          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
        });

        it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
          var userType = element(by.binding('userType'));
          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
          var userInput = element(by.model('userType'));

          userInput.clear();
          userInput.sendKeys('');

          expect(userType.getText()).toEqual('userType =');
          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
        });
      </file>
    </example>
 *
 */
var formDirectiveFactory = function(isNgForm) {
  return ['$timeout', function($timeout) {
    var formDirective = {
      name: 'form',
      restrict: isNgForm ? 'EAC' : 'E',
      controller: FormController,
      compile: function() {
        return {
          pre: function(scope, formElement, attr, controller) {
            if (!attr.action) {
              // we can't use jq events because if a form is destroyed during submission the default
              // action is not prevented. see #1238
              //
              // IE 9 is not affected because it doesn't fire a submit event and try to do a full
              // page reload if the form was destroyed by submission of the form via a click handler
              // on a button in the form. Looks like an IE9 specific bug.
              var handleFormSubmission = function(event) {
                scope.$apply(function() {
                  controller.$commitViewValue();
                });

                event.preventDefault
                  ? event.preventDefault()
                  : event.returnValue = false; // IE
              };

              addEventListenerFn(formElement[0], 'submit', handleFormSubmission);

              // unregister the preventDefault listener so that we don't not leak memory but in a
              // way that will achieve the prevention of the default action.
              formElement.on('$destroy', function() {
                $timeout(function() {
                  removeEventListenerFn(formElement[0], 'submit', handleFormSubmission);
                }, 0, false);
              });
            }

            var parentFormCtrl = formElement.parent().controller('form'),
                alias = attr.name || attr.ngForm;

            if (alias) {
              setter(scope, alias, controller, alias);
            }
            if (parentFormCtrl) {
              formElement.on('$destroy', function() {
                parentFormCtrl.$removeControl(controller);
                if (alias) {
                  setter(scope, alias, undefined, alias);
                }
                extend(controller, nullFormCtrl); //stop propagating child destruction handlers upwards
              });
            }
          }
        };
      }
    };

    return formDirective;
  }];
};

var formDirective = formDirectiveFactory();
var ngFormDirective = formDirectiveFactory(true);

/* global VALID_CLASS: true,
  INVALID_CLASS: true,
  PRISTINE_CLASS: true,
  DIRTY_CLASS: true,
  UNTOUCHED_CLASS: true,
  TOUCHED_CLASS: true,
*/

var URL_REGEXP = /^(ftp|http|https):\/\/(\w+:{0,1}\w*@)?(\S+)(:[0-9]+)?(\/|\/([\w#!:.?+=&%@!\-\/]))?$/;
var EMAIL_REGEXP = /^[a-z0-9!#$%&'*+\/=?^_`{|}~.-]+@[a-z0-9]([a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?(\.[a-z0-9]([a-z0-9-]*[a-z0-9])?)*$/i;
var NUMBER_REGEXP = /^\s*(\-|\+)?(\d+|(\d*(\.\d*)))\s*$/;
var DATE_REGEXP = /^(\d{4})-(\d{2})-(\d{2})$/;
var DATETIMELOCAL_REGEXP = /^(\d{4})-(\d\d)-(\d\d)T(\d\d):(\d\d)$/;
var WEEK_REGEXP = /^(\d{4})-W(\d\d)$/;
var MONTH_REGEXP = /^(\d{4})-(\d\d)$/;
var TIME_REGEXP = /^(\d\d):(\d\d)$/;
var DEFAULT_REGEXP = /(\s+|^)default(\s+|$)/;

var inputType = {

  /**
   * @ngdoc input
   * @name input[text]
   *
   * @description
   * Standard HTML text input with angular data binding.
   *
   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
   * @param {string=} required Adds `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
   *    minlength.
   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
   *    maxlength.
   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the value does not match the
   *    RegExp pattern expression. Expected value is `/regexp/` for inline patterns or `regexp` for
   *    patterns defined as scope expressions.
   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
   *    interaction with the input element.
   * @param {boolean=} [ngTrim=true] If set to false Angular will not automatically trim the input.
   *
   * @example
      <example name="text-input-directive" module="textInputExample">
        <file name="index.html">
         <script>
           angular.module('textInputExample', [])
             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
               $scope.text = 'guest';
               $scope.word = /^\s*\w*\s*$/;
             }]);
         </script>
         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
           Single word: <input type="text" name="input" ng-model="text"
                               ng-pattern="word" required ng-trim="false">
           <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
             Required!</span>
           <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.pattern">
             Single word only!</span>

           <tt>text = {{text}}</tt><br/>
           <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
           <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
           <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
           <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
          </form>
        </file>
        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
          var text = element(by.binding('text'));
          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
          var input = element(by.model('text'));

          it('should initialize to model', function() {
            expect(text.getText()).toContain('guest');
            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
          });

          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
            input.clear();
            input.sendKeys('');

            expect(text.getText()).toEqual('text =');
            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
          });

          it('should be invalid if multi word', function() {
            input.clear();
            input.sendKeys('hello world');

            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
          });
        </file>
      </example>
   */
  'text': textInputType,

    /**
     * @ngdoc input
     * @name input[date]
     *
     * @description
     * Input with date validation and transformation. In browsers that do not yet support
     * the HTML5 date input, a text element will be used. In that case, text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
     * date format (yyyy-MM-dd), for example: `2009-01-06`. Since many
     * modern browsers do not yet support this input type, it is important to provide cues to users on the
     * expected input format via a placeholder or label. The model must always be a Date object.
     *
     * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
     * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
     * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`. This must be a
     * valid ISO date string (yyyy-MM-dd).
     * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`. This must be
     * a valid ISO date string (yyyy-MM-dd).
     * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
     * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
     *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
     *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
     * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
     *    interaction with the input element.
     *
     * @example
     <example name="date-input-directive" module="dateInputExample">
     <file name="index.html">
       <script>
          angular.module('dateInputExample', [])
            .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
              $scope.value = new Date(2013, 9, 22);
            }]);
       </script>
       <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
          Pick a date between in 2013:
          <input type="date" id="exampleInput" name="input" ng-model="value"
              placeholder="yyyy-MM-dd" min="2013-01-01" max="2013-12-31" required />
          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
              Required!</span>
          <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.date">
              Not a valid date!</span>
           <tt>value = {{value | date: "yyyy-MM-dd"}}</tt><br/>
           <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
           <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
           <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
           <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
       </form>
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
        var value = element(by.binding('value | date: "yyyy-MM-dd"'));
        var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
        var input = element(by.model('value'));

        // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
        // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
        // for various browsers (see https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
        function setInput(val) {
          // set the value of the element and force validation.
          var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
          "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
          "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
          browser.executeScript(scr);
        }

        it('should initialize to model', function() {
          expect(value.getText()).toContain('2013-10-22');
          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
        });

        it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
          setInput('');
          expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
        });

        it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
          setInput('2015-01-01');
          expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
          expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
        });
     </file>
     </example>
     */
  'date': createDateInputType('date', DATE_REGEXP,
         createDateParser(DATE_REGEXP, ['yyyy', 'MM', 'dd']),
         'yyyy-MM-dd'),

   /**
    * @ngdoc input
    * @name input[dateTimeLocal]
    *
    * @description
    * Input with datetime validation and transformation. In browsers that do not yet support
    * the HTML5 date input, a text element will be used. In that case, the text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
    * local datetime format (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm), for example: `2010-12-28T14:57`. The model must be a Date object.
    *
    * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
    * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
    * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`. This must be a
    * valid ISO datetime format (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm).
    * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`. This must be
    * a valid ISO datetime format (yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm).
    * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
    * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
    *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
    *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
    * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
    *    interaction with the input element.
    *
    * @example
    <example name="datetimelocal-input-directive" module="dateExample">
    <file name="index.html">
      <script>
        angular.module('dateExample', [])
          .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
            $scope.value = new Date(2010, 11, 28, 14, 57);
          }]);
      </script>
      <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
        Pick a date between in 2013:
        <input type="datetime-local" id="exampleInput" name="input" ng-model="value"
            placeholder="yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm" min="2001-01-01T00:00" max="2013-12-31T00:00" required />
        <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
            Required!</span>
        <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.datetimelocal">
            Not a valid date!</span>
        <tt>value = {{value | date: "yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm"}}</tt><br/>
        <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
        <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
        <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
        <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
      </form>
    </file>
    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
      var value = element(by.binding('value | date: "yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm"'));
      var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
      var input = element(by.model('value'));

      // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
      // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
      // for various browsers (https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
      function setInput(val) {
        // set the value of the element and force validation.
        var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
        "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
        "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
        browser.executeScript(scr);
      }

      it('should initialize to model', function() {
        expect(value.getText()).toContain('2010-12-28T14:57');
        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
      });

      it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
        setInput('');
        expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
      });

      it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
        setInput('2015-01-01T23:59');
        expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
      });
    </file>
    </example>
    */
  'datetime-local': createDateInputType('datetimelocal', DATETIMELOCAL_REGEXP,
      createDateParser(DATETIMELOCAL_REGEXP, ['yyyy', 'MM', 'dd', 'HH', 'mm']),
      'yyyy-MM-ddTHH:mm'),

  /**
   * @ngdoc input
   * @name input[time]
   *
   * @description
   * Input with time validation and transformation. In browsers that do not yet support
   * the HTML5 date input, a text element will be used. In that case, the text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
   * local time format (HH:mm), for example: `14:57`. Model must be a Date object. This binding will always output a
   * Date object to the model of January 1, 1900, or local date `new Date(0, 0, 1, HH, mm)`.
   *
   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
   * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`. This must be a
   * valid ISO time format (HH:mm).
   * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`. This must be a
   * valid ISO time format (HH:mm).
   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
   *    interaction with the input element.
   *
   * @example
   <example name="time-input-directive" module="timeExample">
   <file name="index.html">
     <script>
      angular.module('timeExample', [])
        .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
          $scope.value = new Date(0, 0, 1, 14, 57);
        }]);
     </script>
     <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
        Pick a between 8am and 5pm:
        <input type="time" id="exampleInput" name="input" ng-model="value"
            placeholder="HH:mm" min="08:00" max="17:00" required />
        <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
            Required!</span>
        <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.time">
            Not a valid date!</span>
        <tt>value = {{value | date: "HH:mm"}}</tt><br/>
        <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
        <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
        <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
        <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
     </form>
   </file>
   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
      var value = element(by.binding('value | date: "HH:mm"'));
      var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
      var input = element(by.model('value'));

      // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
      // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
      // for various browsers (https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
      function setInput(val) {
        // set the value of the element and force validation.
        var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
        "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
        "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
        browser.executeScript(scr);
      }

      it('should initialize to model', function() {
        expect(value.getText()).toContain('14:57');
        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
      });

      it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
        setInput('');
        expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
      });

      it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
        setInput('23:59');
        expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
      });
   </file>
   </example>
   */
  'time': createDateInputType('time', TIME_REGEXP,
      createDateParser(TIME_REGEXP, ['HH', 'mm']),
     'HH:mm'),

   /**
    * @ngdoc input
    * @name input[week]
    *
    * @description
    * Input with week-of-the-year validation and transformation to Date. In browsers that do not yet support
    * the HTML5 week input, a text element will be used. In that case, the text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
    * week format (yyyy-W##), for example: `2013-W02`. The model must always be a Date object.
    *
    * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
    * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
    * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`. This must be a
    * valid ISO week format (yyyy-W##).
    * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`. This must be
    * a valid ISO week format (yyyy-W##).
    * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
    * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
    *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
    *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
    * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
    *    interaction with the input element.
    *
    * @example
    <example name="week-input-directive" module="weekExample">
    <file name="index.html">
      <script>
      angular.module('weekExample', [])
        .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
          $scope.value = new Date(2013, 0, 3);
        }]);
      </script>
      <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
        Pick a date between in 2013:
        <input id="exampleInput" type="week" name="input" ng-model="value"
            placeholder="YYYY-W##" min="2012-W32" max="2013-W52" required />
        <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
            Required!</span>
        <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.week">
            Not a valid date!</span>
        <tt>value = {{value | date: "yyyy-Www"}}</tt><br/>
        <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
        <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
        <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
        <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
      </form>
    </file>
    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
      var value = element(by.binding('value | date: "yyyy-Www"'));
      var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
      var input = element(by.model('value'));

      // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
      // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
      // for various browsers (https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
      function setInput(val) {
        // set the value of the element and force validation.
        var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
        "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
        "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
        browser.executeScript(scr);
      }

      it('should initialize to model', function() {
        expect(value.getText()).toContain('2013-W01');
        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
      });

      it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
        setInput('');
        expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
      });

      it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
        setInput('2015-W01');
        expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
      });
    </file>
    </example>
    */
  'week': createDateInputType('week', WEEK_REGEXP, weekParser, 'yyyy-Www'),

  /**
   * @ngdoc input
   * @name input[month]
   *
   * @description
   * Input with month validation and transformation. In browsers that do not yet support
   * the HTML5 month input, a text element will be used. In that case, the text must be entered in a valid ISO-8601
   * month format (yyyy-MM), for example: `2009-01`. The model must always be a Date object. In the event the model is
   * not set to the first of the month, the first of that model's month is assumed.
   *
   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
   * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`. This must be
   * a valid ISO month format (yyyy-MM).
   * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`. This must
   * be a valid ISO month format (yyyy-MM).
   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
   *    interaction with the input element.
   *
   * @example
   <example name="month-input-directive" module="monthExample">
   <file name="index.html">
     <script>
      angular.module('monthExample', [])
        .controller('DateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
          $scope.value = new Date(2013, 9, 1);
        }]);
     </script>
     <form name="myForm" ng-controller="DateController as dateCtrl">
       Pick a month int 2013:
       <input id="exampleInput" type="month" name="input" ng-model="value"
          placeholder="yyyy-MM" min="2013-01" max="2013-12" required />
       <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
          Required!</span>
       <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.month">
          Not a valid month!</span>
       <tt>value = {{value | date: "yyyy-MM"}}</tt><br/>
       <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
       <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
       <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
       <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
     </form>
   </file>
   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
      var value = element(by.binding('value | date: "yyyy-MM"'));
      var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
      var input = element(by.model('value'));

      // currently protractor/webdriver does not support
      // sending keys to all known HTML5 input controls
      // for various browsers (https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/562).
      function setInput(val) {
        // set the value of the element and force validation.
        var scr = "var ipt = document.getElementById('exampleInput'); " +
        "ipt.value = '" + val + "';" +
        "angular.element(ipt).scope().$apply(function(s) { s.myForm[ipt.name].$setViewValue('" + val + "'); });";
        browser.executeScript(scr);
      }

      it('should initialize to model', function() {
        expect(value.getText()).toContain('2013-10');
        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = true');
      });

      it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
        setInput('');
        expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
      });

      it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
        setInput('2015-01');
        expect(value.getText()).toContain('');
        expect(valid.getText()).toContain('myForm.input.$valid = false');
      });
   </file>
   </example>
   */
  'month': createDateInputType('month', MONTH_REGEXP,
     createDateParser(MONTH_REGEXP, ['yyyy', 'MM']),
     'yyyy-MM'),

  /**
   * @ngdoc input
   * @name input[number]
   *
   * @description
   * Text input with number validation and transformation. Sets the `number` validation
   * error if not a valid number.
   *
   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
   * @param {string=} min Sets the `min` validation error key if the value entered is less than `min`.
   * @param {string=} max Sets the `max` validation error key if the value entered is greater than `max`.
   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
   *    minlength.
   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
   *    maxlength.
   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the value does not match the
   *    RegExp pattern expression. Expected value is `/regexp/` for inline patterns or `regexp` for
   *    patterns defined as scope expressions.
   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
   *    interaction with the input element.
   *
   * @example
      <example name="number-input-directive" module="numberExample">
        <file name="index.html">
         <script>
           angular.module('numberExample', [])
             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
               $scope.value = 12;
             }]);
         </script>
         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
           Number: <input type="number" name="input" ng-model="value"
                          min="0" max="99" required>
           <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
             Required!</span>
           <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.number">
             Not valid number!</span>
           <tt>value = {{value}}</tt><br/>
           <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
           <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
           <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
           <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
          </form>
        </file>
        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
          var value = element(by.binding('value'));
          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
          var input = element(by.model('value'));

          it('should initialize to model', function() {
            expect(value.getText()).toContain('12');
            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
          });

          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
            input.clear();
            input.sendKeys('');
            expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
          });

          it('should be invalid if over max', function() {
            input.clear();
            input.sendKeys('123');
            expect(value.getText()).toEqual('value =');
            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
          });
        </file>
      </example>
   */
  'number': numberInputType,


  /**
   * @ngdoc input
   * @name input[url]
   *
   * @description
   * Text input with URL validation. Sets the `url` validation error key if the content is not a
   * valid URL.
   *
   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
   *    minlength.
   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
   *    maxlength.
   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the value does not match the
   *    RegExp pattern expression. Expected value is `/regexp/` for inline patterns or `regexp` for
   *    patterns defined as scope expressions.
   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
   *    interaction with the input element.
   *
   * @example
      <example name="url-input-directive" module="urlExample">
        <file name="index.html">
         <script>
           angular.module('urlExample', [])
             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
               $scope.text = 'http://google.com';
             }]);
         </script>
         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
           URL: <input type="url" name="input" ng-model="text" required>
           <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
             Required!</span>
           <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.url">
             Not valid url!</span>
           <tt>text = {{text}}</tt><br/>
           <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
           <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
           <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
           <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
           <tt>myForm.$error.url = {{!!myForm.$error.url}}</tt><br/>
          </form>
        </file>
        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
          var text = element(by.binding('text'));
          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
          var input = element(by.model('text'));

          it('should initialize to model', function() {
            expect(text.getText()).toContain('http://google.com');
            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
          });

          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
            input.clear();
            input.sendKeys('');

            expect(text.getText()).toEqual('text =');
            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
          });

          it('should be invalid if not url', function() {
            input.clear();
            input.sendKeys('box');

            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
          });
        </file>
      </example>
   */
  'url': urlInputType,


  /**
   * @ngdoc input
   * @name input[email]
   *
   * @description
   * Text input with email validation. Sets the `email` validation error key if not a valid email
   * address.
   *
   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
   * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
   * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
   *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
   *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
   * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
   *    minlength.
   * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
   *    maxlength.
   * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the value does not match the
   *    RegExp pattern expression. Expected value is `/regexp/` for inline patterns or `regexp` for
   *    patterns defined as scope expressions.
   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
   *    interaction with the input element.
   *
   * @example
      <example name="email-input-directive" module="emailExample">
        <file name="index.html">
         <script>
           angular.module('emailExample', [])
             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
               $scope.text = 'me@example.com';
             }]);
         </script>
           <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
             Email: <input type="email" name="input" ng-model="text" required>
             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.required">
               Required!</span>
             <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.input.$error.email">
               Not valid email!</span>
             <tt>text = {{text}}</tt><br/>
             <tt>myForm.input.$valid = {{myForm.input.$valid}}</tt><br/>
             <tt>myForm.input.$error = {{myForm.input.$error}}</tt><br/>
             <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
             <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
             <tt>myForm.$error.email = {{!!myForm.$error.email}}</tt><br/>
           </form>
         </file>
        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
          var text = element(by.binding('text'));
          var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.input.$valid'));
          var input = element(by.model('text'));

          it('should initialize to model', function() {
            expect(text.getText()).toContain('me@example.com');
            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
          });

          it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
            input.clear();
            input.sendKeys('');
            expect(text.getText()).toEqual('text =');
            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
          });

          it('should be invalid if not email', function() {
            input.clear();
            input.sendKeys('xxx');

            expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
          });
        </file>
      </example>
   */
  'email': emailInputType,


  /**
   * @ngdoc input
   * @name input[radio]
   *
   * @description
   * HTML radio button.
   *
   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
   * @param {string} value The value to which the expression should be set when selected.
   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
   *    interaction with the input element.
   * @param {string} ngValue Angular expression which sets the value to which the expression should
   *    be set when selected.
   *
   * @example
      <example name="radio-input-directive" module="radioExample">
        <file name="index.html">
         <script>
           angular.module('radioExample', [])
             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
               $scope.color = 'blue';
               $scope.specialValue = {
                 "id": "12345",
                 "value": "green"
               };
             }]);
         </script>
         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
           <input type="radio" ng-model="color" value="red">  Red <br/>
           <input type="radio" ng-model="color" ng-value="specialValue"> Green <br/>
           <input type="radio" ng-model="color" value="blue"> Blue <br/>
           <tt>color = {{color | json}}</tt><br/>
          </form>
          Note that `ng-value="specialValue"` sets radio item's value to be the value of `$scope.specialValue`.
        </file>
        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
          it('should change state', function() {
            var color = element(by.binding('color'));

            expect(color.getText()).toContain('blue');

            element.all(by.model('color')).get(0).click();

            expect(color.getText()).toContain('red');
          });
        </file>
      </example>
   */
  'radio': radioInputType,


  /**
   * @ngdoc input
   * @name input[checkbox]
   *
   * @description
   * HTML checkbox.
   *
   * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
   * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
   * @param {expression=} ngTrueValue The value to which the expression should be set when selected.
   * @param {expression=} ngFalseValue The value to which the expression should be set when not selected.
   * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
   *    interaction with the input element.
   *
   * @example
      <example name="checkbox-input-directive" module="checkboxExample">
        <file name="index.html">
         <script>
           angular.module('checkboxExample', [])
             .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
               $scope.value1 = true;
               $scope.value2 = 'YES'
             }]);
         </script>
         <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
           Value1: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="value1"> <br/>
           Value2: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="value2"
                          ng-true-value="'YES'" ng-false-value="'NO'"> <br/>
           <tt>value1 = {{value1}}</tt><br/>
           <tt>value2 = {{value2}}</tt><br/>
          </form>
        </file>
        <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
          it('should change state', function() {
            var value1 = element(by.binding('value1'));
            var value2 = element(by.binding('value2'));

            expect(value1.getText()).toContain('true');
            expect(value2.getText()).toContain('YES');

            element(by.model('value1')).click();
            element(by.model('value2')).click();

            expect(value1.getText()).toContain('false');
            expect(value2.getText()).toContain('NO');
          });
        </file>
      </example>
   */
  'checkbox': checkboxInputType,

  'hidden': noop,
  'button': noop,
  'submit': noop,
  'reset': noop,
  'file': noop
};

// A helper function to call $setValidity and return the value / undefined,
// a pattern that is repeated a lot in the input validation logic.
function validate(ctrl, validatorName, validity, value){
  ctrl.$setValidity(validatorName, validity);
  return validity ? value : undefined;
}

function testFlags(validity, flags) {
  var i, flag;
  if (flags) {
    for (i=0; i<flags.length; ++i) {
      flag = flags[i];
      if (validity[flag]) {
        return true;
      }
    }
  }
  return false;
}

// Pass validity so that behaviour can be mocked easier.
function addNativeHtml5Validators(ctrl, validatorName, badFlags, ignoreFlags, validity) {
  if (isObject(validity)) {
    ctrl.$$hasNativeValidators = true;
    var validator = function(value) {
      // Don't overwrite previous validation, don't consider valueMissing to apply (ng-required can
      // perform the required validation)
      if (!ctrl.$error[validatorName] &&
          !testFlags(validity, ignoreFlags) &&
          testFlags(validity, badFlags)) {
        ctrl.$setValidity(validatorName, false);
        return;
      }
      return value;
    };
    ctrl.$parsers.push(validator);
  }
}

function textInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
  var validity = element.prop(VALIDITY_STATE_PROPERTY);
  var placeholder = element[0].placeholder, noevent = {};
  ctrl.$$validityState = validity;

  // In composition mode, users are still inputing intermediate text buffer,
  // hold the listener until composition is done.
  // More about composition events: https://developer.mozilla.org/en-US/docs/Web/API/CompositionEvent
  if (!$sniffer.android) {
    var composing = false;

    element.on('compositionstart', function(data) {
      composing = true;
    });

    element.on('compositionend', function() {
      composing = false;
      listener();
    });
  }

  var listener = function(ev) {
    if (composing) return;
    var value = element.val(),
        event = ev && ev.type;

    // IE (11 and under) seem to emit an 'input' event if the placeholder value changes.
    // We don't want to dirty the value when this happens, so we abort here. Unfortunately,
    // IE also sends input events for other non-input-related things, (such as focusing on a
    // form control), so this change is not entirely enough to solve this.
    if (msie && (ev || noevent).type === 'input' && element[0].placeholder !== placeholder) {
      placeholder = element[0].placeholder;
      return;
    }

    // By default we will trim the value
    // If the attribute ng-trim exists we will avoid trimming
    // e.g. <input ng-model="foo" ng-trim="false">
    if (!attr.ngTrim || attr.ngTrim !== 'false') {
      value = trim(value);
    }

    // If a control is suffering from bad input, browsers discard its value, so it may be
    // necessary to revalidate even if the control's value is the same empty value twice in
    // a row.
    var revalidate = validity && ctrl.$$hasNativeValidators;
    if (ctrl.$viewValue !== value || (value === '' && revalidate)) {
      if (scope.$$phase) {
        ctrl.$setViewValue(value, event, revalidate);
      } else {
        scope.$apply(function() {
          ctrl.$setViewValue(value, event, revalidate);
        });
      }
    }
  };

  // if the browser does support "input" event, we are fine - except on IE9 which doesn't fire the
  // input event on backspace, delete or cut
  if ($sniffer.hasEvent('input')) {
    element.on('input', listener);
  } else {
    var timeout;

    var deferListener = function(ev) {
      if (!timeout) {
        timeout = $browser.defer(function() {
          listener(ev);
          timeout = null;
        });
      }
    };

    element.on('keydown', function(event) {
      var key = event.keyCode;

      // ignore
      //    command            modifiers                   arrows
      if (key === 91 || (15 < key && key < 19) || (37 <= key && key <= 40)) return;

      deferListener(event);
    });

    // if user modifies input value using context menu in IE, we need "paste" and "cut" events to catch it
    if ($sniffer.hasEvent('paste')) {
      element.on('paste cut', deferListener);
    }
  }

  // if user paste into input using mouse on older browser
  // or form autocomplete on newer browser, we need "change" event to catch it
  element.on('change', listener);

  ctrl.$render = function() {
    element.val(ctrl.$isEmpty(ctrl.$viewValue) ? '' : ctrl.$viewValue);
  };
}

function weekParser(isoWeek) {
   if(isDate(isoWeek)) {
      return isoWeek;
   }

   if(isString(isoWeek)) {
      WEEK_REGEXP.lastIndex = 0;
      var parts = WEEK_REGEXP.exec(isoWeek);
      if(parts) {
         var year = +parts[1],
            week = +parts[2],
            firstThurs = getFirstThursdayOfYear(year),
            addDays = (week - 1) * 7;
         return new Date(year, 0, firstThurs.getDate() + addDays);
      }
   }

   return NaN;
}

function createDateParser(regexp, mapping) {
   return function(iso) {
      var parts, map;

      if(isDate(iso)) {
         return iso;
      }

      if(isString(iso)) {
         regexp.lastIndex = 0;
         parts = regexp.exec(iso);

         if(parts) {
            parts.shift();
            map = { yyyy: 0, MM: 1, dd: 1, HH: 0, mm: 0 };

            forEach(parts, function(part, index) {
               if(index < mapping.length) {
                  map[mapping[index]] = +part;
               }
            });

            return new Date(map.yyyy, map.MM - 1, map.dd, map.HH, map.mm);
         }
      }

      return NaN;
   };
}

function createDateInputType(type, regexp, parseDate, format) {
   return function dynamicDateInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser, $filter) {
      textInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);

      ctrl.$parsers.push(function(value) {
         if(ctrl.$isEmpty(value)) {
            ctrl.$setValidity(type, true);
            return null;
         }

         if(regexp.test(value)) {
            ctrl.$setValidity(type, true);
            return parseDate(value);
         }

         ctrl.$setValidity(type, false);
         return undefined;
      });

      ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
         if(isDate(value)) {
            return $filter('date')(value, format);
         }
         return '';
      });

      if(attr.min) {
         var minValidator = function(value) {
            var valid = ctrl.$isEmpty(value) ||
               (parseDate(value) >= parseDate(attr.min));
            ctrl.$setValidity('min', valid);
            return valid ? value : undefined;
         };

         ctrl.$parsers.push(minValidator);
         ctrl.$formatters.push(minValidator);
      }

      if(attr.max) {
         var maxValidator = function(value) {
            var valid = ctrl.$isEmpty(value) ||
               (parseDate(value) <= parseDate(attr.max));
            ctrl.$setValidity('max', valid);
            return valid ? value : undefined;
         };

         ctrl.$parsers.push(maxValidator);
         ctrl.$formatters.push(maxValidator);
      }
   };
}

var numberBadFlags = ['badInput'];

function numberInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
  textInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);

  ctrl.$parsers.push(function(value) {
    var empty = ctrl.$isEmpty(value);
    if (empty || NUMBER_REGEXP.test(value)) {
      ctrl.$setValidity('number', true);
      return value === '' ? null : (empty ? value : parseFloat(value));
    } else {
      ctrl.$setValidity('number', false);
      return undefined;
    }
  });

  addNativeHtml5Validators(ctrl, 'number', numberBadFlags, null, ctrl.$$validityState);

  ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
    return ctrl.$isEmpty(value) ? '' : '' + value;
  });

  if (attr.min) {
    var minValidator = function(value) {
      var min = parseFloat(attr.min);
      return validate(ctrl, 'min', ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || value >= min, value);
    };

    ctrl.$parsers.push(minValidator);
    ctrl.$formatters.push(minValidator);
  }

  if (attr.max) {
    var maxValidator = function(value) {
      var max = parseFloat(attr.max);
      return validate(ctrl, 'max', ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || value <= max, value);
    };

    ctrl.$parsers.push(maxValidator);
    ctrl.$formatters.push(maxValidator);
  }

  ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
    return validate(ctrl, 'number', ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || isNumber(value), value);
  });
}

function urlInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
  textInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);

  ctrl.$validators.url = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
    var value = modelValue || viewValue;
    return ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || URL_REGEXP.test(value);
  };
}

function emailInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser) {
  textInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser);

  ctrl.$validators.email = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
    var value = modelValue || viewValue;
    return ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || EMAIL_REGEXP.test(value);
  };
}

function radioInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl) {
  // make the name unique, if not defined
  if (isUndefined(attr.name)) {
    element.attr('name', nextUid());
  }

  var listener = function(ev) {
    if (element[0].checked) {
      scope.$apply(function() {
        ctrl.$setViewValue(attr.value, ev && ev.type);
      });
    }
  };

  element.on('click', listener);

  ctrl.$render = function() {
    var value = attr.value;
    element[0].checked = (value == ctrl.$viewValue);
  };

  attr.$observe('value', ctrl.$render);
}

function parseConstantExpr($parse, context, name, expression, fallback) {
  var parseFn;
  if (isDefined(expression)) {
    parseFn = $parse(expression);
    if (!parseFn.constant) {
      throw new minErr('ngModel')('constexpr', 'Expected constant expression for `{0}`, but saw ' +
                                   '`{1}`.', name, expression);
    }
    return parseFn(context);
  }
  return fallback;
}

function checkboxInputType(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $sniffer, $browser, $filter, $parse) {
  var trueValue = parseConstantExpr($parse, scope, 'ngTrueValue', attr.ngTrueValue, true);
  var falseValue = parseConstantExpr($parse, scope, 'ngFalseValue', attr.ngFalseValue, false);

  var listener = function(ev) {
    scope.$apply(function() {
      ctrl.$setViewValue(element[0].checked, ev && ev.type);
    });
  };

  element.on('click', listener);

  ctrl.$render = function() {
    element[0].checked = ctrl.$viewValue;
  };

  // Override the standard `$isEmpty` because a value of `false` means empty in a checkbox.
  ctrl.$isEmpty = function(value) {
    return value !== trueValue;
  };

  ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
    return equals(value, trueValue);
  });

  ctrl.$parsers.push(function(value) {
    return value ? trueValue : falseValue;
  });
}


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name textarea
 * @restrict E
 *
 * @description
 * HTML textarea element control with angular data-binding. The data-binding and validation
 * properties of this element are exactly the same as those of the
 * {@link ng.directive:input input element}.
 *
 * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
 * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
 * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
 * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
 *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
 *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
 * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
 *    minlength.
 * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
 *    maxlength.
 * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the value does not match the
 *    RegExp pattern expression. Expected value is `/regexp/` for inline patterns or `regexp` for
 *    patterns defined as scope expressions.
 * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
 *    interaction with the input element.
 * @param {boolean=} [ngTrim=true] If set to false Angular will not automatically trim the input.
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name input
 * @restrict E
 *
 * @description
 * HTML input element control with angular data-binding. Input control follows HTML5 input types
 * and polyfills the HTML5 validation behavior for older browsers.
 *
 * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
 * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
 * @param {string=} required Sets `required` validation error key if the value is not entered.
 * @param {boolean=} ngRequired Sets `required` attribute if set to true
 * @param {number=} ngMinlength Sets `minlength` validation error key if the value is shorter than
 *    minlength.
 * @param {number=} ngMaxlength Sets `maxlength` validation error key if the value is longer than
 *    maxlength.
 * @param {string=} ngPattern Sets `pattern` validation error key if the value does not match the
 *    RegExp pattern expression. Expected value is `/regexp/` for inline patterns or `regexp` for
 *    patterns defined as scope expressions.
 * @param {string=} ngChange Angular expression to be executed when input changes due to user
 *    interaction with the input element.
 *
 * @example
    <example name="input-directive" module="inputExample">
      <file name="index.html">
       <script>
          angular.module('inputExample', [])
            .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
              $scope.user = {name: 'guest', last: 'visitor'};
            }]);
       </script>
       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
         <form name="myForm">
           User name: <input type="text" name="userName" ng-model="user.name" required>
           <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.userName.$error.required">
             Required!</span><br>
           Last name: <input type="text" name="lastName" ng-model="user.last"
             ng-minlength="3" ng-maxlength="10">
           <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.lastName.$error.minlength">
             Too short!</span>
           <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.lastName.$error.maxlength">
             Too long!</span><br>
         </form>
         <hr>
         <tt>user = {{user}}</tt><br/>
         <tt>myForm.userName.$valid = {{myForm.userName.$valid}}</tt><br>
         <tt>myForm.userName.$error = {{myForm.userName.$error}}</tt><br>
         <tt>myForm.lastName.$valid = {{myForm.lastName.$valid}}</tt><br>
         <tt>myForm.lastName.$error = {{myForm.lastName.$error}}</tt><br>
         <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br>
         <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br>
         <tt>myForm.$error.minlength = {{!!myForm.$error.minlength}}</tt><br>
         <tt>myForm.$error.maxlength = {{!!myForm.$error.maxlength}}</tt><br>
       </div>
      </file>
      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
        var user = element(by.binding('{{user}}'));
        var userNameValid = element(by.binding('myForm.userName.$valid'));
        var lastNameValid = element(by.binding('myForm.lastName.$valid'));
        var lastNameError = element(by.binding('myForm.lastName.$error'));
        var formValid = element(by.binding('myForm.$valid'));
        var userNameInput = element(by.model('user.name'));
        var userLastInput = element(by.model('user.last'));

        it('should initialize to model', function() {
          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"name":"guest","last":"visitor"}');
          expect(userNameValid.getText()).toContain('true');
          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('true');
        });

        it('should be invalid if empty when required', function() {
          userNameInput.clear();
          userNameInput.sendKeys('');

          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"last":"visitor"}');
          expect(userNameValid.getText()).toContain('false');
          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('false');
        });

        it('should be valid if empty when min length is set', function() {
          userLastInput.clear();
          userLastInput.sendKeys('');

          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"name":"guest","last":""}');
          expect(lastNameValid.getText()).toContain('true');
          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('true');
        });

        it('should be invalid if less than required min length', function() {
          userLastInput.clear();
          userLastInput.sendKeys('xx');

          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"name":"guest"}');
          expect(lastNameValid.getText()).toContain('false');
          expect(lastNameError.getText()).toContain('minlength');
          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('false');
        });

        it('should be invalid if longer than max length', function() {
          userLastInput.clear();
          userLastInput.sendKeys('some ridiculously long name');

          expect(user.getText()).toContain('{"name":"guest"}');
          expect(lastNameValid.getText()).toContain('false');
          expect(lastNameError.getText()).toContain('maxlength');
          expect(formValid.getText()).toContain('false');
        });
      </file>
    </example>
 */
var inputDirective = ['$browser', '$sniffer', '$filter', '$parse',
    function($browser, $sniffer, $filter, $parse) {
  return {
    restrict: 'E',
    require: ['?ngModel'],
    link: function(scope, element, attr, ctrls) {
      if (ctrls[0]) {
        (inputType[lowercase(attr.type)] || inputType.text)(scope, element, attr, ctrls[0], $sniffer,
                                                            $browser, $filter, $parse);
      }
    }
  };
}];

var VALID_CLASS = 'ng-valid',
    INVALID_CLASS = 'ng-invalid',
    PRISTINE_CLASS = 'ng-pristine',
    DIRTY_CLASS = 'ng-dirty',
    UNTOUCHED_CLASS = 'ng-untouched',
    TOUCHED_CLASS = 'ng-touched';

/**
 * @ngdoc type
 * @name ngModel.NgModelController
 *
 * @property {string} $viewValue Actual string value in the view.
 * @property {*} $modelValue The value in the model, that the control is bound to.
 * @property {Array.<Function>} $parsers Array of functions to execute, as a pipeline, whenever
       the control reads value from the DOM.  Each function is called, in turn, passing the value
       through to the next. The last return value is used to populate the model.
       Used to sanitize / convert the value as well as validation. For validation,
       the parsers should update the validity state using
       {@link ngModel.NgModelController#$setValidity $setValidity()},
       and return `undefined` for invalid values.

 *
 * @property {Array.<Function>} $formatters Array of functions to execute, as a pipeline, whenever
       the model value changes. Each function is called, in turn, passing the value through to the
       next. Used to format / convert values for display in the control and validation.
 * ```js
 * function formatter(value) {
 *   if (value) {
 *     return value.toUpperCase();
 *   }
 * }
 * ngModel.$formatters.push(formatter);
 * ```
 *
 * @property {Object.<string, function>} $validators A collection of validators that are applied
 *      whenever the model value changes. The key value within the object refers to the name of the
 *      validator while the function refers to the validation operation. The validation operation is
 *      provided with the model value as an argument and must return a true or false value depending
 *      on the response of that validation.
 *
 * @property {Array.<Function>} $viewChangeListeners Array of functions to execute whenever the
 *     view value has changed. It is called with no arguments, and its return value is ignored.
 *     This can be used in place of additional $watches against the model value.
 *
 * @property {Object} $error An object hash with all errors as keys.
 *
 * @property {boolean} $untouched True if control has not lost focus yet.
 * @property {boolean} $touched True if control has lost focus.
 * @property {boolean} $pristine True if user has not interacted with the control yet.
 * @property {boolean} $dirty True if user has already interacted with the control.
 * @property {boolean} $valid True if there is no error.
 * @property {boolean} $invalid True if at least one error on the control.
 *
 * @description
 *
 * `NgModelController` provides API for the `ng-model` directive. The controller contains
 * services for data-binding, validation, CSS updates, and value formatting and parsing. It
 * purposefully does not contain any logic which deals with DOM rendering or listening to
 * DOM events. Such DOM related logic should be provided by other directives which make use of
 * `NgModelController` for data-binding.
 *
 * ## Custom Control Example
 * This example shows how to use `NgModelController` with a custom control to achieve
 * data-binding. Notice how different directives (`contenteditable`, `ng-model`, and `required`)
 * collaborate together to achieve the desired result.
 *
 * Note that `contenteditable` is an HTML5 attribute, which tells the browser to let the element
 * contents be edited in place by the user.  This will not work on older browsers.
 *
 * We are using the {@link ng.service:$sce $sce} service here and include the {@link ngSanitize $sanitize}
 * module to automatically remove "bad" content like inline event listener (e.g. `<span onclick="...">`).
 * However, as we are using `$sce` the model can still decide to to provide unsafe content if it marks
 * that content using the `$sce` service.
 *
 * <example name="NgModelController" module="customControl" deps="angular-sanitize.js">
    <file name="style.css">
      [contenteditable] {
        border: 1px solid black;
        background-color: white;
        min-height: 20px;
      }

      .ng-invalid {
        border: 1px solid red;
      }

    </file>
    <file name="script.js">
      angular.module('customControl', ['ngSanitize']).
        directive('contenteditable', ['$sce', function($sce) {
          return {
            restrict: 'A', // only activate on element attribute
            require: '?ngModel', // get a hold of NgModelController
            link: function(scope, element, attrs, ngModel) {
              if(!ngModel) return; // do nothing if no ng-model

              // Specify how UI should be updated
              ngModel.$render = function() {
                element.html($sce.getTrustedHtml(ngModel.$viewValue || ''));
              };

              // Listen for change events to enable binding
              element.on('blur keyup change', function() {
                scope.$apply(read);
              });
              read(); // initialize

              // Write data to the model
              function read() {
                var html = element.html();
                // When we clear the content editable the browser leaves a <br> behind
                // If strip-br attribute is provided then we strip this out
                if( attrs.stripBr && html == '<br>' ) {
                  html = '';
                }
                ngModel.$setViewValue(html);
              }
            }
          };
        }]);
    </file>
    <file name="index.html">
      <form name="myForm">
       <div contenteditable
            name="myWidget" ng-model="userContent"
            strip-br="true"
            required>Change me!</div>
        <span ng-show="myForm.myWidget.$error.required">Required!</span>
       <hr>
       <textarea ng-model="userContent"></textarea>
      </form>
    </file>
    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
    it('should data-bind and become invalid', function() {
      if (browser.params.browser == 'safari' || browser.params.browser == 'firefox') {
        // SafariDriver can't handle contenteditable
        // and Firefox driver can't clear contenteditables very well
        return;
      }
      var contentEditable = element(by.css('[contenteditable]'));
      var content = 'Change me!';

      expect(contentEditable.getText()).toEqual(content);

      contentEditable.clear();
      contentEditable.sendKeys(protractor.Key.BACK_SPACE);
      expect(contentEditable.getText()).toEqual('');
      expect(contentEditable.getAttribute('class')).toMatch(/ng-invalid-required/);
    });
    </file>
 * </example>
 *
 *
 */
var NgModelController = ['$scope', '$exceptionHandler', '$attrs', '$element', '$parse', '$animate', '$timeout',
    function($scope, $exceptionHandler, $attr, $element, $parse, $animate, $timeout) {
  this.$viewValue = Number.NaN;
  this.$modelValue = Number.NaN;
  this.$validators = {};
  this.$parsers = [];
  this.$formatters = [];
  this.$viewChangeListeners = [];
  this.$untouched = true;
  this.$touched = false;
  this.$pristine = true;
  this.$dirty = false;
  this.$valid = true;
  this.$invalid = false;
  this.$name = $attr.name;


  var ngModelGet = $parse($attr.ngModel),
      ngModelSet = ngModelGet.assign,
      pendingDebounce = null,
      ctrl = this;

  if (!ngModelSet) {
    throw minErr('ngModel')('nonassign', "Expression '{0}' is non-assignable. Element: {1}",
        $attr.ngModel, startingTag($element));
  }

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$render
   *
   * @description
   * Called when the view needs to be updated. It is expected that the user of the ng-model
   * directive will implement this method.
   *
   * The `$render()` method is invoked in the following situations:
   *
   * * `$rollbackViewValue()` is called.  If we are rolling back the view value to the last
   *   committed value then `$render()` is called to update the input control.
   * * The value referenced by `ng-model` is changed programmatically and both the `$modelValue` and
   *   the `$viewValue` are different to last time.
   *
   * Since `ng-model` does not do a deep watch, `$render()` is only invoked if the values of
   * `$modelValue` and `$viewValue` are actually different to their previous value. If `$modelValue`
   * or `$viewValue` are objects (rather than a string or number) then `$render()` will not be
   * invoked if you only change a property on the objects.
   */
  this.$render = noop;

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$isEmpty
   *
   * @description
   * This is called when we need to determine if the value of the input is empty.
   *
   * For instance, the required directive does this to work out if the input has data or not.
   * The default `$isEmpty` function checks whether the value is `undefined`, `''`, `null` or `NaN`.
   *
   * You can override this for input directives whose concept of being empty is different to the
   * default. The `checkboxInputType` directive does this because in its case a value of `false`
   * implies empty.
   *
   * @param {*} value Reference to check.
   * @returns {boolean} True if `value` is empty.
   */
  this.$isEmpty = function(value) {
    return isUndefined(value) || value === '' || value === null || value !== value;
  };

  var parentForm = $element.inheritedData('$formController') || nullFormCtrl,
      invalidCount = 0, // used to easily determine if we are valid
      $error = this.$error = {}; // keep invalid keys here


  // Setup initial state of the control
  $element
    .addClass(PRISTINE_CLASS)
    .addClass(UNTOUCHED_CLASS);
  toggleValidCss(true);

  // convenience method for easy toggling of classes
  function toggleValidCss(isValid, validationErrorKey) {
    validationErrorKey = validationErrorKey ? '-' + snake_case(validationErrorKey, '-') : '';
    $animate.removeClass($element, (isValid ? INVALID_CLASS : VALID_CLASS) + validationErrorKey);
    $animate.addClass($element, (isValid ? VALID_CLASS : INVALID_CLASS) + validationErrorKey);
  }

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$setValidity
   *
   * @description
   * Change the validity state, and notifies the form when the control changes validity. (i.e. it
   * does not notify form if given validator is already marked as invalid).
   *
   * This method can be called within $parsers/$formatters. However, if possible, please use the
   *        `ngModel.$validators` pipeline which is designed to handle validations with true/false values.
   *
   * @param {string} validationErrorKey Name of the validator. the `validationErrorKey` will assign
   *        to `$error[validationErrorKey]=!isValid` so that it is available for data-binding.
   *        The `validationErrorKey` should be in camelCase and will get converted into dash-case
   *        for class name. Example: `myError` will result in `ng-valid-my-error` and `ng-invalid-my-error`
   *        class and can be bound to as  `{{someForm.someControl.$error.myError}}` .
   * @param {boolean} isValid Whether the current state is valid (true) or invalid (false).
   */
  this.$setValidity = function(validationErrorKey, isValid) {
    // Purposeful use of ! here to cast isValid to boolean in case it is undefined
    // jshint -W018
    if ($error[validationErrorKey] === !isValid) return;
    // jshint +W018

    if (isValid) {
      if ($error[validationErrorKey]) invalidCount--;
      if (!invalidCount) {
        toggleValidCss(true);
        ctrl.$valid = true;
        ctrl.$invalid = false;
      }
    } else {
      toggleValidCss(false);
      ctrl.$invalid = true;
      ctrl.$valid = false;
      invalidCount++;
    }

    $error[validationErrorKey] = !isValid;
    toggleValidCss(isValid, validationErrorKey);

    parentForm.$setValidity(validationErrorKey, isValid, ctrl);
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$setPristine
   *
   * @description
   * Sets the control to its pristine state.
   *
   * This method can be called to remove the 'ng-dirty' class and set the control to its pristine
   * state (ng-pristine class). A model is considered to be pristine when the model has not been changed
   * from when first compiled within then form.
   */
  this.$setPristine = function () {
    ctrl.$dirty = false;
    ctrl.$pristine = true;
    $animate.removeClass($element, DIRTY_CLASS);
    $animate.addClass($element, PRISTINE_CLASS);
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$setUntouched
   *
   * @description
   * Sets the control to its untouched state.
   *
   * This method can be called to remove the 'ng-touched' class and set the control to its
   * untouched state (ng-untouched class). Upon compilation, a model is set as untouched
   * by default, however this function can be used to restore that state if the model has
   * already been touched by the user.
   */
  this.$setUntouched = function() {
    ctrl.$touched = false;
    ctrl.$untouched = true;
    $animate.setClass($element, UNTOUCHED_CLASS, TOUCHED_CLASS);
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$setTouched
   *
   * @description
   * Sets the control to its touched state.
   *
   * This method can be called to remove the 'ng-untouched' class and set the control to its
   * touched state (ng-touched class). A model is considered to be touched when the user has
   * first interacted (focussed) on the model input element and then shifted focus away (blurred)
   * from the input element.
   */
  this.$setTouched = function() {
    ctrl.$touched = true;
    ctrl.$untouched = false;
    $animate.setClass($element, TOUCHED_CLASS, UNTOUCHED_CLASS);
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$rollbackViewValue
   *
   * @description
   * Cancel an update and reset the input element's value to prevent an update to the `$modelValue`,
   * which may be caused by a pending debounced event or because the input is waiting for a some
   * future event.
   *
   * If you have an input that uses `ng-model-options` to set up debounced events or events such
   * as blur you can have a situation where there is a period when the `$viewValue`
   * is out of synch with the ngModel's `$modelValue`.
   *
   * In this case, you can run into difficulties if you try to update the ngModel's `$modelValue`
   * programmatically before these debounced/future events have resolved/occurred, because Angular's
   * dirty checking mechanism is not able to tell whether the model has actually changed or not.
   *
   * The `$rollbackViewValue()` method should be called before programmatically changing the model of an
   * input which may have such events pending. This is important in order to make sure that the
   * input field will be updated with the new model value and any pending operations are cancelled.
   *
   * <example name="ng-model-cancel-update" module="cancel-update-example">
   *   <file name="app.js">
   *     angular.module('cancel-update-example', [])
   *
   *     .controller('CancelUpdateController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
   *       $scope.resetWithCancel = function (e) {
   *         if (e.keyCode == 27) {
   *           $scope.myForm.myInput1.$rollbackViewValue();
   *           $scope.myValue = '';
   *         }
   *       };
   *       $scope.resetWithoutCancel = function (e) {
   *         if (e.keyCode == 27) {
   *           $scope.myValue = '';
   *         }
   *       };
   *     }]);
   *   </file>
   *   <file name="index.html">
   *     <div ng-controller="CancelUpdateController">
   *       <p>Try typing something in each input.  See that the model only updates when you
   *          blur off the input.
   *        </p>
   *        <p>Now see what happens if you start typing then press the Escape key</p>
   *
   *       <form name="myForm" ng-model-options="{ updateOn: 'blur' }">
   *         <p>With $rollbackViewValue()</p>
   *         <input name="myInput1" ng-model="myValue" ng-keydown="resetWithCancel($event)"><br/>
   *         myValue: "{{ myValue }}"
   *
   *         <p>Without $rollbackViewValue()</p>
   *         <input name="myInput2" ng-model="myValue" ng-keydown="resetWithoutCancel($event)"><br/>
   *         myValue: "{{ myValue }}"
   *       </form>
   *     </div>
   *   </file>
   * </example>
   */
  this.$rollbackViewValue = function() {
    $timeout.cancel(pendingDebounce);
    ctrl.$viewValue = ctrl.$$lastCommittedViewValue;
    ctrl.$render();
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$validate
   *
   * @description
   * Runs each of the registered validations set on the $validators object.
   */
  this.$validate = function() {
    // ignore $validate before model initialized
    if (ctrl.$modelValue !== ctrl.$modelValue) {
      return;
    }

    var prev = ctrl.$modelValue;
    ctrl.$$runValidators(ctrl.$$invalidModelValue || ctrl.$modelValue, ctrl.$viewValue);
    if (prev !== ctrl.$modelValue) {
      ctrl.$$writeModelToScope();
    }
  };

  this.$$runValidators = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
    forEach(ctrl.$validators, function(fn, name) {
      ctrl.$setValidity(name, fn(modelValue, viewValue));
    });
    ctrl.$modelValue         = ctrl.$valid ? modelValue : undefined;
    ctrl.$$invalidModelValue = ctrl.$valid ? undefined : modelValue;
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$commitViewValue
   *
   * @description
   * Commit a pending update to the `$modelValue`.
   *
   * Updates may be pending by a debounced event or because the input is waiting for a some future
   * event defined in `ng-model-options`. this method is rarely needed as `NgModelController`
   * usually handles calling this in response to input events.
   */
  this.$commitViewValue = function(revalidate) {
    var viewValue = ctrl.$viewValue;

    $timeout.cancel(pendingDebounce);
    if (!revalidate && ctrl.$$lastCommittedViewValue === viewValue) {
      return;
    }
    ctrl.$$lastCommittedViewValue = viewValue;

    // change to dirty
    if (ctrl.$pristine) {
      ctrl.$dirty = true;
      ctrl.$pristine = false;
      $animate.removeClass($element, PRISTINE_CLASS);
      $animate.addClass($element, DIRTY_CLASS);
      parentForm.$setDirty();
    }

    var modelValue = viewValue;
    forEach(ctrl.$parsers, function(fn) {
      modelValue = fn(modelValue);
    });

    if (ctrl.$modelValue !== modelValue &&
        (isUndefined(ctrl.$$invalidModelValue) || ctrl.$$invalidModelValue != modelValue)) {
      ctrl.$$runValidators(modelValue, viewValue);
      ctrl.$$writeModelToScope();
    }
  };

  this.$$writeModelToScope = function() {
    var getterSetter;

    if (ctrl.$options && ctrl.$options.getterSetter &&
        isFunction(getterSetter = ngModelGet($scope))) {

      getterSetter(ctrl.$modelValue);
    } else {
      ngModelSet($scope, ctrl.$modelValue);
    }
    forEach(ctrl.$viewChangeListeners, function(listener) {
      try {
        listener();
      } catch(e) {
        $exceptionHandler(e);
      }
    });
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc method
   * @name ngModel.NgModelController#$setViewValue
   *
   * @description
   * Update the view value.
   *
   * This method should be called when an input directive want to change the view value; typically,
   * this is done from within a DOM event handler.
   *
   * For example {@link ng.directive:input input} calls it when the value of the input changes and
   * {@link ng.directive:select select} calls it when an option is selected.
   *
   * If the new `value` is an object (rather than a string or a number), we should make a copy of the
   * object before passing it to `$setViewValue`.  This is because `ngModel` does not perform a deep
   * watch of objects, it only looks for a change of identity. If you only change the property of
   * the object then ngModel will not realise that the object has changed and will not invoke the
   * `$parsers` and `$validators` pipelines.
   *
   * For this reason, you should not change properties of the copy once it has been passed to
   * `$setViewValue`. Otherwise you may cause the model value on the scope to change incorrectly.
   *
   * When this method is called, the new `value` will be staged for committing through the `$parsers`
   * and `$validators` pipelines. If there are no special {@link ngModelOptions} specified then the staged
   * value sent directly for processing, finally to be applied to `$modelValue` and then the
   * **expression** specified in the `ng-model` attribute.
   *
   * Lastly, all the registered change listeners, in the `$viewChangeListeners` list, are called.
   *
   * In case the {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions} directive is used with `updateOn`
   * and the `default` trigger is not listed, all those actions will remain pending until one of the
   * `updateOn` events is triggered on the DOM element.
   * All these actions will be debounced if the {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions ngModelOptions}
   * directive is used with a custom debounce for this particular event.
   *
   * Note that calling this function does not trigger a `$digest`.
   *
   * @param {string} value Value from the view.
   * @param {string} trigger Event that triggered the update.
   */
  this.$setViewValue = function(value, trigger, revalidate) {
    ctrl.$viewValue = value;
    if (!ctrl.$options || ctrl.$options.updateOnDefault) {
      ctrl.$$debounceViewValueCommit(trigger, revalidate);
    }
  };

  this.$$debounceViewValueCommit = function(trigger, revalidate) {
    var debounceDelay = 0,
        options = ctrl.$options,
        debounce;

    if(options && isDefined(options.debounce)) {
      debounce = options.debounce;
      if(isNumber(debounce)) {
        debounceDelay = debounce;
      } else if(isNumber(debounce[trigger])) {
        debounceDelay = debounce[trigger];
      } else if (isNumber(debounce['default'])) {
        debounceDelay = debounce['default'];
      }
    }

    $timeout.cancel(pendingDebounce);
    if (debounceDelay) {
      pendingDebounce = $timeout(function() {
        ctrl.$commitViewValue(revalidate);
      }, debounceDelay);
    } else {
      ctrl.$commitViewValue(revalidate);
    }
  };

  // model -> value
  $scope.$watch(function ngModelWatch() {
    var modelValue = ngModelGet($scope);

    if (ctrl.$options && ctrl.$options.getterSetter && isFunction(modelValue)) {
      modelValue = modelValue();
    }

    // if scope model value and ngModel value are out of sync
    if (ctrl.$modelValue !== modelValue &&
        (isUndefined(ctrl.$$invalidModelValue) || ctrl.$$invalidModelValue != modelValue)) {

      var formatters = ctrl.$formatters,
          idx = formatters.length;

      var viewValue = modelValue;
      while(idx--) {
        viewValue = formatters[idx](viewValue);
      }

      ctrl.$$runValidators(modelValue, viewValue);

      if (ctrl.$viewValue !== viewValue) {
        ctrl.$viewValue = ctrl.$$lastCommittedViewValue = viewValue;
        ctrl.$render();
      }
    }

    return modelValue;
  });
}];


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngModel
 *
 * @element input
 *
 * @description
 * The `ngModel` directive binds an `input`,`select`, `textarea` (or custom form control) to a
 * property on the scope using {@link ngModel.NgModelController NgModelController},
 * which is created and exposed by this directive.
 *
 * `ngModel` is responsible for:
 *
 * - Binding the view into the model, which other directives such as `input`, `textarea` or `select`
 *   require.
 * - Providing validation behavior (i.e. required, number, email, url).
 * - Keeping the state of the control (valid/invalid, dirty/pristine, touched/untouched, validation errors).
 * - Setting related css classes on the element (`ng-valid`, `ng-invalid`, `ng-dirty`, `ng-pristine`, `ng-touched`, `ng-untouched`) including animations.
 * - Registering the control with its parent {@link ng.directive:form form}.
 *
 * Note: `ngModel` will try to bind to the property given by evaluating the expression on the
 * current scope. If the property doesn't already exist on this scope, it will be created
 * implicitly and added to the scope.
 *
 * For best practices on using `ngModel`, see:
 *
 *  - [https://github.com/angular/angular.js/wiki/Understanding-Scopes]
 *
 * For basic examples, how to use `ngModel`, see:
 *
 *  - {@link ng.directive:input input}
 *    - {@link input[text] text}
 *    - {@link input[checkbox] checkbox}
 *    - {@link input[radio] radio}
 *    - {@link input[number] number}
 *    - {@link input[email] email}
 *    - {@link input[url] url}
 *    - {@link input[date] date}
 *    - {@link input[dateTimeLocal] dateTimeLocal}
 *    - {@link input[time] time}
 *    - {@link input[month] month}
 *    - {@link input[week] week}
 *  - {@link ng.directive:select select}
 *  - {@link ng.directive:textarea textarea}
 *
 * # CSS classes
 * The following CSS classes are added and removed on the associated input/select/textarea element
 * depending on the validity of the model.
 *
 *  - `ng-valid` is set if the model is valid.
 *  - `ng-invalid` is set if the model is invalid.
 *  - `ng-pristine` is set if the model is pristine.
 *  - `ng-dirty` is set if the model is dirty.
 *
 * Keep in mind that ngAnimate can detect each of these classes when added and removed.
 *
 * ## Animation Hooks
 *
 * Animations within models are triggered when any of the associated CSS classes are added and removed
 * on the input element which is attached to the model. These classes are: `.ng-pristine`, `.ng-dirty`,
 * `.ng-invalid` and `.ng-valid` as well as any other validations that are performed on the model itself.
 * The animations that are triggered within ngModel are similar to how they work in ngClass and
 * animations can be hooked into using CSS transitions, keyframes as well as JS animations.
 *
 * The following example shows a simple way to utilize CSS transitions to style an input element
 * that has been rendered as invalid after it has been validated:
 *
 * <pre>
 * //be sure to include ngAnimate as a module to hook into more
 * //advanced animations
 * .my-input {
 *   transition:0.5s linear all;
 *   background: white;
 * }
 * .my-input.ng-invalid {
 *   background: red;
 *   color:white;
 * }
 * </pre>
 *
 * @example
 * <example deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true" fixBase="true" module="inputExample">
     <file name="index.html">
       <script>
        angular.module('inputExample', [])
          .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
            $scope.val = '1';
          }]);
       </script>
       <style>
         .my-input {
           -webkit-transition:all linear 0.5s;
           transition:all linear 0.5s;
           background: transparent;
         }
         .my-input.ng-invalid {
           color:white;
           background: red;
         }
       </style>
       Update input to see transitions when valid/invalid.
       Integer is a valid value.
       <form name="testForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
         <input ng-model="val" ng-pattern="/^\d+$/" name="anim" class="my-input" />
       </form>
     </file>
 * </example>
 *
 * ## Binding to a getter/setter
 *
 * Sometimes it's helpful to bind `ngModel` to a getter/setter function.  A getter/setter is a
 * function that returns a representation of the model when called with zero arguments, and sets
 * the internal state of a model when called with an argument. It's sometimes useful to use this
 * for models that have an internal representation that's different than what the model exposes
 * to the view.
 *
 * <div class="alert alert-success">
 * **Best Practice:** It's best to keep getters fast because Angular is likely to call them more
 * frequently than other parts of your code.
 * </div>
 *
 * You use this behavior by adding `ng-model-options="{ getterSetter: true }"` to an element that
 * has `ng-model` attached to it. You can also add `ng-model-options="{ getterSetter: true }"` to
 * a `<form>`, which will enable this behavior for all `<input>`s within it. See
 * {@link ng.directive:ngModelOptions `ngModelOptions`} for more.
 *
 * The following example shows how to use `ngModel` with a getter/setter:
 *
 * @example
 * <example name="ngModel-getter-setter" module="getterSetterExample">
     <file name="index.html">
       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
         <form name="userForm">
           Name:
           <input type="text" name="userName"
                  ng-model="user.name"
                  ng-model-options="{ getterSetter: true }" />
         </form>
         <pre>user.name = <span ng-bind="user.name()"></span></pre>
       </div>
     </file>
     <file name="app.js">
       angular.module('getterSetterExample', [])
         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
           var _name = 'Brian';
           $scope.user = {
             name: function (newName) {
               if (angular.isDefined(newName)) {
                 _name = newName;
               }
               return _name;
             }
           };
         }]);
     </file>
 * </example>
 */
var ngModelDirective = function() {
  return {
    restrict: 'A',
    require: ['ngModel', '^?form', '^?ngModelOptions'],
    controller: NgModelController,
    link: {
      pre: function(scope, element, attr, ctrls) {
        // Pass the ng-model-options to the ng-model controller
        if (ctrls[2]) {
          ctrls[0].$options = ctrls[2].$options;
        }

        // notify others, especially parent forms

        var modelCtrl = ctrls[0],
            formCtrl = ctrls[1] || nullFormCtrl;

        formCtrl.$addControl(modelCtrl);

        scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
          formCtrl.$removeControl(modelCtrl);
        });
      },
      post: function(scope, element, attr, ctrls) {
        var modelCtrl = ctrls[0];
        if (modelCtrl.$options && modelCtrl.$options.updateOn) {
          element.on(modelCtrl.$options.updateOn, function(ev) {
            scope.$apply(function() {
              modelCtrl.$$debounceViewValueCommit(ev && ev.type);
            });
          });
        }

        element.on('blur', function(ev) {
          scope.$apply(function() {
            modelCtrl.$setTouched();
          });
        });
      }
    }
  };
};


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngChange
 *
 * @description
 * Evaluate the given expression when the user changes the input.
 * The expression is evaluated immediately, unlike the JavaScript onchange event
 * which only triggers at the end of a change (usually, when the user leaves the
 * form element or presses the return key).
 * The expression is not evaluated when the value change is coming from the model.
 *
 * Note, this directive requires `ngModel` to be present.
 *
 * @element input
 * @param {expression} ngChange {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon change
 * in input value.
 *
 * @example
 * <example name="ngChange-directive" module="changeExample">
 *   <file name="index.html">
 *     <script>
 *       angular.module('changeExample', [])
 *         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
 *           $scope.counter = 0;
 *           $scope.change = function() {
 *             $scope.counter++;
 *           };
 *         }]);
 *     </script>
 *     <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
 *       <input type="checkbox" ng-model="confirmed" ng-change="change()" id="ng-change-example1" />
 *       <input type="checkbox" ng-model="confirmed" id="ng-change-example2" />
 *       <label for="ng-change-example2">Confirmed</label><br />
 *       <tt>debug = {{confirmed}}</tt><br/>
 *       <tt>counter = {{counter}}</tt><br/>
 *     </div>
 *   </file>
 *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
 *     var counter = element(by.binding('counter'));
 *     var debug = element(by.binding('confirmed'));
 *
 *     it('should evaluate the expression if changing from view', function() {
 *       expect(counter.getText()).toContain('0');
 *
 *       element(by.id('ng-change-example1')).click();
 *
 *       expect(counter.getText()).toContain('1');
 *       expect(debug.getText()).toContain('true');
 *     });
 *
 *     it('should not evaluate the expression if changing from model', function() {
 *       element(by.id('ng-change-example2')).click();

 *       expect(counter.getText()).toContain('0');
 *       expect(debug.getText()).toContain('true');
 *     });
 *   </file>
 * </example>
 */
var ngChangeDirective = valueFn({
  restrict: 'A',
  require: 'ngModel',
  link: function(scope, element, attr, ctrl) {
    ctrl.$viewChangeListeners.push(function() {
      scope.$eval(attr.ngChange);
    });
  }
});


var requiredDirective = function() {
  return {
    restrict: 'A',
    require: '?ngModel',
    link: function(scope, elm, attr, ctrl) {
      if (!ctrl) return;
      attr.required = true; // force truthy in case we are on non input element

      ctrl.$validators.required = function(modelValue, viewValue) {
        return !attr.required || !ctrl.$isEmpty(viewValue);
      };

      attr.$observe('required', function() {
        ctrl.$validate();
      });
    }
  };
};


var patternDirective = function() {
  return {
    restrict: 'A',
    require: '?ngModel',
    link: function(scope, elm, attr, ctrl) {
      if (!ctrl) return;

      var regexp, patternExp = attr.ngPattern || attr.pattern;
      attr.$observe('pattern', function(regex) {
        if(isString(regex) && regex.length > 0) {
          regex = new RegExp(regex);
        }

        if (regex && !regex.test) {
          throw minErr('ngPattern')('noregexp',
            'Expected {0} to be a RegExp but was {1}. Element: {2}', patternExp,
            regex, startingTag(elm));
        }

        regexp = regex || undefined;
        ctrl.$validate();
      });

      ctrl.$validators.pattern = function(value) {
        return ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || isUndefined(regexp) || regexp.test(value);
      };
    }
  };
};


var maxlengthDirective = function() {
  return {
    restrict: 'A',
    require: '?ngModel',
    link: function(scope, elm, attr, ctrl) {
      if (!ctrl) return;

      var maxlength = 0;
      attr.$observe('maxlength', function(value) {
        maxlength = int(value) || 0;
        ctrl.$validate();
      });
      ctrl.$validators.maxlength = function(value) {
        return ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || value.length <= maxlength;
      };
    }
  };
};

var minlengthDirective = function() {
  return {
    restrict: 'A',
    require: '?ngModel',
    link: function(scope, elm, attr, ctrl) {
      if (!ctrl) return;

      var minlength = 0;
      attr.$observe('minlength', function(value) {
        minlength = int(value) || 0;
        ctrl.$validate();
      });
      ctrl.$validators.minlength = function(value) {
        return ctrl.$isEmpty(value) || value.length >= minlength;
      };
    }
  };
};


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngList
 *
 * @description
 * Text input that converts between a delimited string and an array of strings. The default
 * delimiter is a comma followed by a space - equivalent to `ng-list=", "`. You can specify a custom
 * delimiter as the value of the `ngList` attribute - for example, `ng-list=" | "`.
 *
 * The behaviour of the directive is affected by the use of the `ngTrim` attribute.
 * * If `ngTrim` is set to `"false"` then whitespace around both the separator and each
 *   list item is respected. This implies that the user of the directive is responsible for
 *   dealing with whitespace but also allows you to use whitespace as a delimiter, such as a
 *   tab or newline character.
 * * Otherwise whitespace around the delimiter is ignored when splitting (although it is respected
 *   when joining the list items back together) and whitespace around each list item is stripped
 *   before it is added to the model.
 *
 * ### Example with Validation
 *
 * <example name="ngList-directive" module="listExample">
 *   <file name="app.js">
 *      angular.module('listExample', [])
 *        .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
 *          $scope.names = ['morpheus', 'neo', 'trinity'];
 *        }]);
 *   </file>
 *   <file name="index.html">
 *    <form name="myForm" ng-controller="ExampleController">
 *      List: <input name="namesInput" ng-model="names" ng-list required>
 *      <span class="error" ng-show="myForm.namesInput.$error.required">
 *        Required!</span>
 *      <br>
 *      <tt>names = {{names}}</tt><br/>
 *      <tt>myForm.namesInput.$valid = {{myForm.namesInput.$valid}}</tt><br/>
 *      <tt>myForm.namesInput.$error = {{myForm.namesInput.$error}}</tt><br/>
 *      <tt>myForm.$valid = {{myForm.$valid}}</tt><br/>
 *      <tt>myForm.$error.required = {{!!myForm.$error.required}}</tt><br/>
 *     </form>
 *   </file>
 *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
 *     var listInput = element(by.model('names'));
 *     var names = element(by.binding('{{names}}'));
 *     var valid = element(by.binding('myForm.namesInput.$valid'));
 *     var error = element(by.css('span.error'));
 *
 *     it('should initialize to model', function() {
 *       expect(names.getText()).toContain('["morpheus","neo","trinity"]');
 *       expect(valid.getText()).toContain('true');
 *       expect(error.getCssValue('display')).toBe('none');
 *     });
 *
 *     it('should be invalid if empty', function() {
 *       listInput.clear();
 *       listInput.sendKeys('');
 *
 *       expect(names.getText()).toContain('');
 *       expect(valid.getText()).toContain('false');
 *       expect(error.getCssValue('display')).not.toBe('none');
 *     });
 *   </file>
 * </example>
 *
 * ### Example - splitting on whitespace
 * <example name="ngList-directive-newlines">
 *   <file name="index.html">
 *    <textarea ng-model="list" ng-list="&#10;" ng-trim="false"></textarea>
 *    <pre>{{ list | json }}</pre>
 *   </file>
 *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
 *     it("should split the text by newlines", function() {
 *       var listInput = element(by.model('list'));
 *       var output = element(by.binding('{{ list | json }}'));
 *       listInput.sendKeys('abc\ndef\nghi');
 *       expect(output.getText()).toContain('[\n  "abc",\n  "def",\n  "ghi"\n]');
 *     });
 *   </file>
 * </example>
 *
 * @element input
 * @param {string=} ngList optional delimiter that should be used to split the value.
 */
var ngListDirective = function() {
  return {
    restrict: 'A',
    require: 'ngModel',
    link: function(scope, element, attr, ctrl) {
      // We want to control whitespace trimming so we use this convoluted approach
      // to access the ngList attribute, which doesn't pre-trim the attribute
      var ngList = element.attr(attr.$attr.ngList) || ', ';
      var trimValues = attr.ngTrim !== 'false';
      var separator = trimValues ? trim(ngList) : ngList;

      var parse = function(viewValue) {
        // If the viewValue is invalid (say required but empty) it will be `undefined`
        if (isUndefined(viewValue)) return;

        var list = [];

        if (viewValue) {
          forEach(viewValue.split(separator), function(value) {
            if (value) list.push(trimValues ? trim(value) : value);
          });
        }

        return list;
      };

      ctrl.$parsers.push(parse);
      ctrl.$formatters.push(function(value) {
        if (isArray(value)) {
          return value.join(ngList);
        }

        return undefined;
      });

      // Override the standard $isEmpty because an empty array means the input is empty.
      ctrl.$isEmpty = function(value) {
        return !value || !value.length;
      };
    }
  };
};


var CONSTANT_VALUE_REGEXP = /^(true|false|\d+)$/;
/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngValue
 *
 * @description
 * Binds the given expression to the value of `input[select]` or `input[radio]`, so
 * that when the element is selected, the `ngModel` of that element is set to the
 * bound value.
 *
 * `ngValue` is useful when dynamically generating lists of radio buttons using `ng-repeat`, as
 * shown below.
 *
 * @element input
 * @param {string=} ngValue angular expression, whose value will be bound to the `value` attribute
 *   of the `input` element
 *
 * @example
    <example name="ngValue-directive" module="valueExample">
      <file name="index.html">
       <script>
          angular.module('valueExample', [])
            .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
              $scope.names = ['pizza', 'unicorns', 'robots'];
              $scope.my = { favorite: 'unicorns' };
            }]);
       </script>
        <form ng-controller="ExampleController">
          <h2>Which is your favorite?</h2>
            <label ng-repeat="name in names" for="{{name}}">
              {{name}}
              <input type="radio"
                     ng-model="my.favorite"
                     ng-value="name"
                     id="{{name}}"
                     name="favorite">
            </label>
          <div>You chose {{my.favorite}}</div>
        </form>
      </file>
      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
        var favorite = element(by.binding('my.favorite'));

        it('should initialize to model', function() {
          expect(favorite.getText()).toContain('unicorns');
        });
        it('should bind the values to the inputs', function() {
          element.all(by.model('my.favorite')).get(0).click();
          expect(favorite.getText()).toContain('pizza');
        });
      </file>
    </example>
 */
var ngValueDirective = function() {
  return {
    restrict: 'A',
    priority: 100,
    compile: function(tpl, tplAttr) {
      if (CONSTANT_VALUE_REGEXP.test(tplAttr.ngValue)) {
        return function ngValueConstantLink(scope, elm, attr) {
          attr.$set('value', scope.$eval(attr.ngValue));
        };
      } else {
        return function ngValueLink(scope, elm, attr) {
          scope.$watch(attr.ngValue, function valueWatchAction(value) {
            attr.$set('value', value);
          });
        };
      }
    }
  };
};

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngModelOptions
 *
 * @description
 * Allows tuning how model updates are done. Using `ngModelOptions` you can specify a custom list of
 * events that will trigger a model update and/or a debouncing delay so that the actual update only
 * takes place when a timer expires; this timer will be reset after another change takes place.
 *
 * Given the nature of `ngModelOptions`, the value displayed inside input fields in the view might
 * be different than the value in the actual model. This means that if you update the model you
 * should also invoke {@link ngModel.NgModelController `$rollbackViewValue`} on the relevant input field in
 * order to make sure it is synchronized with the model and that any debounced action is canceled.
 *
 * The easiest way to reference the control's {@link ngModel.NgModelController `$rollbackViewValue`}
 * method is by making sure the input is placed inside a form that has a `name` attribute. This is
 * important because `form` controllers are published to the related scope under the name in their
 * `name` attribute.
 *
 * Any pending changes will take place immediately when an enclosing form is submitted via the
 * `submit` event. Note that `ngClick` events will occur before the model is updated. Use `ngSubmit`
 * to have access to the updated model.
 *
 * @param {Object} ngModelOptions options to apply to the current model. Valid keys are:
 *   - `updateOn`: string specifying which event should be the input bound to. You can set several
 *     events using an space delimited list. There is a special event called `default` that
 *     matches the default events belonging of the control.
 *   - `debounce`: integer value which contains the debounce model update value in milliseconds. A
 *     value of 0 triggers an immediate update. If an object is supplied instead, you can specify a
 *     custom value for each event. For example:
 *     `ngModelOptions="{ updateOn: 'default blur', debounce: {'default': 500, 'blur': 0} }"`
 *   - `getterSetter`: boolean value which determines whether or not to treat functions bound to
       `ngModel` as getters/setters.
 *
 * @example

  The following example shows how to override immediate updates. Changes on the inputs within the
  form will update the model only when the control loses focus (blur event). If `escape` key is
  pressed while the input field is focused, the value is reset to the value in the current model.

  <example name="ngModelOptions-directive-blur" module="optionsExample">
    <file name="index.html">
      <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
        <form name="userForm">
          Name:
          <input type="text" name="userName"
                 ng-model="user.name"
                 ng-model-options="{ updateOn: 'blur' }"
                 ng-keyup="cancel($event)" /><br />

          Other data:
          <input type="text" ng-model="user.data" /><br />
        </form>
        <pre>user.name = <span ng-bind="user.name"></span></pre>
      </div>
    </file>
    <file name="app.js">
      angular.module('optionsExample', [])
        .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
          $scope.user = { name: 'say', data: '' };

          $scope.cancel = function (e) {
            if (e.keyCode == 27) {
              $scope.userForm.userName.$rollbackViewValue();
            }
          };
        }]);
    </file>
    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
      var model = element(by.binding('user.name'));
      var input = element(by.model('user.name'));
      var other = element(by.model('user.data'));

      it('should allow custom events', function() {
        input.sendKeys(' hello');
        input.click();
        expect(model.getText()).toEqual('say');
        other.click();
        expect(model.getText()).toEqual('say hello');
      });

      it('should $rollbackViewValue when model changes', function() {
        input.sendKeys(' hello');
        expect(input.getAttribute('value')).toEqual('say hello');
        input.sendKeys(protractor.Key.ESCAPE);
        expect(input.getAttribute('value')).toEqual('say');
        other.click();
        expect(model.getText()).toEqual('say');
      });
    </file>
  </example>

  This one shows how to debounce model changes. Model will be updated only 1 sec after last change.
  If the `Clear` button is pressed, any debounced action is canceled and the value becomes empty.

  <example name="ngModelOptions-directive-debounce" module="optionsExample">
    <file name="index.html">
      <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
        <form name="userForm">
          Name:
          <input type="text" name="userName"
                 ng-model="user.name"
                 ng-model-options="{ debounce: 1000 }" />
          <button ng-click="userForm.userName.$rollbackViewValue(); user.name=''">Clear</button><br />
        </form>
        <pre>user.name = <span ng-bind="user.name"></span></pre>
      </div>
    </file>
    <file name="app.js">
      angular.module('optionsExample', [])
        .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
          $scope.user = { name: 'say' };
        }]);
    </file>
  </example>

  This one shows how to bind to getter/setters:

  <example name="ngModelOptions-directive-getter-setter" module="getterSetterExample">
    <file name="index.html">
      <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
        <form name="userForm">
          Name:
          <input type="text" name="userName"
                 ng-model="user.name"
                 ng-model-options="{ getterSetter: true }" />
        </form>
        <pre>user.name = <span ng-bind="user.name()"></span></pre>
      </div>
    </file>
    <file name="app.js">
      angular.module('getterSetterExample', [])
        .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
          var _name = 'Brian';
          $scope.user = {
            name: function (newName) {
              return angular.isDefined(newName) ? (_name = newName) : _name;
            }
          };
        }]);
    </file>
  </example>
 */
var ngModelOptionsDirective = function() {
  return {
    restrict: 'A',
    controller: ['$scope', '$attrs', function($scope, $attrs) {
      var that = this;
      this.$options = $scope.$eval($attrs.ngModelOptions);
      // Allow adding/overriding bound events
      if (this.$options.updateOn !== undefined) {
        this.$options.updateOnDefault = false;
        // extract "default" pseudo-event from list of events that can trigger a model update
        this.$options.updateOn = trim(this.$options.updateOn.replace(DEFAULT_REGEXP, function() {
          that.$options.updateOnDefault = true;
          return ' ';
        }));
      } else {
        this.$options.updateOnDefault = true;
      }
    }]
  };
};

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngBind
 * @restrict AC
 *
 * @description
 * The `ngBind` attribute tells Angular to replace the text content of the specified HTML element
 * with the value of a given expression, and to update the text content when the value of that
 * expression changes.
 *
 * Typically, you don't use `ngBind` directly, but instead you use the double curly markup like
 * `{{ expression }}` which is similar but less verbose.
 *
 * It is preferable to use `ngBind` instead of `{{ expression }}` if a template is momentarily
 * displayed by the browser in its raw state before Angular compiles it. Since `ngBind` is an
 * element attribute, it makes the bindings invisible to the user while the page is loading.
 *
 * An alternative solution to this problem would be using the
 * {@link ng.directive:ngCloak ngCloak} directive.
 *
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {expression} ngBind {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate.
 *
 * @example
 * Enter a name in the Live Preview text box; the greeting below the text box changes instantly.
   <example module="bindExample">
     <file name="index.html">
       <script>
         angular.module('bindExample', [])
           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
             $scope.name = 'Whirled';
           }]);
       </script>
       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
         Enter name: <input type="text" ng-model="name"><br>
         Hello <span ng-bind="name"></span>!
       </div>
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
       it('should check ng-bind', function() {
         var nameInput = element(by.model('name'));

         expect(element(by.binding('name')).getText()).toBe('Whirled');
         nameInput.clear();
         nameInput.sendKeys('world');
         expect(element(by.binding('name')).getText()).toBe('world');
       });
     </file>
   </example>
 */
var ngBindDirective = ngDirective({
  compile: function(templateElement) {
    templateElement.addClass('ng-binding');
    return function (scope, element, attr) {
      element.data('$binding', attr.ngBind);
      scope.$watch(attr.ngBind, function ngBindWatchAction(value) {
        // We are purposefully using == here rather than === because we want to
        // catch when value is "null or undefined"
        // jshint -W041
        element.text(value == undefined ? '' : value);
      });
    };
  }
});


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngBindTemplate
 *
 * @description
 * The `ngBindTemplate` directive specifies that the element
 * text content should be replaced with the interpolation of the template
 * in the `ngBindTemplate` attribute.
 * Unlike `ngBind`, the `ngBindTemplate` can contain multiple `{{` `}}`
 * expressions. This directive is needed since some HTML elements
 * (such as TITLE and OPTION) cannot contain SPAN elements.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {string} ngBindTemplate template of form
 *   <tt>{{</tt> <tt>expression</tt> <tt>}}</tt> to eval.
 *
 * @example
 * Try it here: enter text in text box and watch the greeting change.
   <example module="bindExample">
     <file name="index.html">
       <script>
         angular.module('bindExample', [])
           .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function ($scope) {
             $scope.salutation = 'Hello';
             $scope.name = 'World';
           }]);
       </script>
       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
        Salutation: <input type="text" ng-model="salutation"><br>
        Name: <input type="text" ng-model="name"><br>
        <pre ng-bind-template="{{salutation}} {{name}}!"></pre>
       </div>
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
       it('should check ng-bind', function() {
         var salutationElem = element(by.binding('salutation'));
         var salutationInput = element(by.model('salutation'));
         var nameInput = element(by.model('name'));

         expect(salutationElem.getText()).toBe('Hello World!');

         salutationInput.clear();
         salutationInput.sendKeys('Greetings');
         nameInput.clear();
         nameInput.sendKeys('user');

         expect(salutationElem.getText()).toBe('Greetings user!');
       });
     </file>
   </example>
 */
var ngBindTemplateDirective = ['$interpolate', function($interpolate) {
  return function(scope, element, attr) {
    // TODO: move this to scenario runner
    var interpolateFn = $interpolate(element.attr(attr.$attr.ngBindTemplate));
    element.addClass('ng-binding').data('$binding', interpolateFn);
    attr.$observe('ngBindTemplate', function(value) {
      element.text(value);
    });
  };
}];


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngBindHtml
 *
 * @description
 * Creates a binding that will innerHTML the result of evaluating the `expression` into the current
 * element in a secure way.  By default, the innerHTML-ed content will be sanitized using the {@link
 * ngSanitize.$sanitize $sanitize} service.  To utilize this functionality, ensure that `$sanitize`
 * is available, for example, by including {@link ngSanitize} in your module's dependencies (not in
 * core Angular.)  You may also bypass sanitization for values you know are safe. To do so, bind to
 * an explicitly trusted value via {@link ng.$sce#trustAsHtml $sce.trustAsHtml}.  See the example
 * under {@link ng.$sce#Example Strict Contextual Escaping (SCE)}.
 *
 * Note: If a `$sanitize` service is unavailable and the bound value isn't explicitly trusted, you
 * will have an exception (instead of an exploit.)
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {expression} ngBindHtml {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate.
 *
 * @example
   Try it here: enter text in text box and watch the greeting change.

   <example module="bindHtmlExample" deps="angular-sanitize.js">
     <file name="index.html">
       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
        <p ng-bind-html="myHTML"></p>
       </div>
     </file>

     <file name="script.js">
       angular.module('bindHtmlExample', ['ngSanitize'])
         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
           $scope.myHTML =
              'I am an <code>HTML</code>string with ' +
              '<a href="#">links!</a> and other <em>stuff</em>';
         }]);
     </file>

     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
       it('should check ng-bind-html', function() {
         expect(element(by.binding('myHTML')).getText()).toBe(
             'I am an HTMLstring with links! and other stuff');
       });
     </file>
   </example>
 */
var ngBindHtmlDirective = ['$sce', '$parse', function($sce, $parse) {
  return {
    restrict: 'A',
    compile: function (tElement, tAttrs) {
      tElement.addClass('ng-binding');

      return function (scope, element, attr) {
        element.data('$binding', attr.ngBindHtml);
        var parsed = $parse(attr.ngBindHtml);
        var changeDetector = $parse(attr.ngBindHtml, function getStringValue(value) {
          return (value || '').toString();
        });

        scope.$watch(changeDetector, function ngBindHtmlWatchAction() {
          // we re-evaluate the expr because we want a TrustedValueHolderType
          // for $sce, not a string
          element.html($sce.getTrustedHtml(parsed(scope)) || '');
        });
      };
    }
  };
}];

function classDirective(name, selector) {
  name = 'ngClass' + name;
  return ['$animate', function($animate) {
    return {
      restrict: 'AC',
      link: function(scope, element, attr) {
        var oldVal;

        scope.$watch(attr[name], ngClassWatchAction, true);

        attr.$observe('class', function(value) {
          ngClassWatchAction(scope.$eval(attr[name]));
        });


        if (name !== 'ngClass') {
          scope.$watch('$index', function($index, old$index) {
            // jshint bitwise: false
            var mod = $index & 1;
            if (mod !== (old$index & 1)) {
              var classes = arrayClasses(scope.$eval(attr[name]));
              mod === selector ?
                addClasses(classes) :
                removeClasses(classes);
            }
          });
        }

        function addClasses(classes) {
          var newClasses = digestClassCounts(classes, 1);
          attr.$addClass(newClasses);
        }

        function removeClasses(classes) {
          var newClasses = digestClassCounts(classes, -1);
          attr.$removeClass(newClasses);
        }

        function digestClassCounts (classes, count) {
          var classCounts = element.data('$classCounts') || {};
          var classesToUpdate = [];
          forEach(classes, function (className) {
            if (count > 0 || classCounts[className]) {
              classCounts[className] = (classCounts[className] || 0) + count;
              if (classCounts[className] === +(count > 0)) {
                classesToUpdate.push(className);
              }
            }
          });
          element.data('$classCounts', classCounts);
          return classesToUpdate.join(' ');
        }

        function updateClasses (oldClasses, newClasses) {
          var toAdd = arrayDifference(newClasses, oldClasses);
          var toRemove = arrayDifference(oldClasses, newClasses);
          toRemove = digestClassCounts(toRemove, -1);
          toAdd = digestClassCounts(toAdd, 1);

          if (toAdd.length === 0) {
            $animate.removeClass(element, toRemove);
          } else if (toRemove.length === 0) {
            $animate.addClass(element, toAdd);
          } else {
            $animate.setClass(element, toAdd, toRemove);
          }
        }

        function ngClassWatchAction(newVal) {
          if (selector === true || scope.$index % 2 === selector) {
            var newClasses = arrayClasses(newVal || []);
            if (!oldVal) {
              addClasses(newClasses);
            } else if (!equals(newVal,oldVal)) {
              var oldClasses = arrayClasses(oldVal);
              updateClasses(oldClasses, newClasses);
            }
          }
          oldVal = shallowCopy(newVal);
        }
      }
    };

    function arrayDifference(tokens1, tokens2) {
      var values = [];

      outer:
      for(var i = 0; i < tokens1.length; i++) {
        var token = tokens1[i];
        for(var j = 0; j < tokens2.length; j++) {
          if(token == tokens2[j]) continue outer;
        }
        values.push(token);
      }
      return values;
    }

    function arrayClasses (classVal) {
      if (isArray(classVal)) {
        return classVal;
      } else if (isString(classVal)) {
        return classVal.split(' ');
      } else if (isObject(classVal)) {
        var classes = [], i = 0;
        forEach(classVal, function(v, k) {
          if (v) {
            classes = classes.concat(k.split(' '));
          }
        });
        return classes;
      }
      return classVal;
    }
  }];
}

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngClass
 * @restrict AC
 *
 * @description
 * The `ngClass` directive allows you to dynamically set CSS classes on an HTML element by databinding
 * an expression that represents all classes to be added.
 *
 * The directive operates in three different ways, depending on which of three types the expression
 * evaluates to:
 *
 * 1. If the expression evaluates to a string, the string should be one or more space-delimited class
 * names.
 *
 * 2. If the expression evaluates to an array, each element of the array should be a string that is
 * one or more space-delimited class names.
 *
 * 3. If the expression evaluates to an object, then for each key-value pair of the
 * object with a truthy value the corresponding key is used as a class name.
 *
 * The directive won't add duplicate classes if a particular class was already set.
 *
 * When the expression changes, the previously added classes are removed and only then the
 * new classes are added.
 *
 * @animations
 * add - happens just before the class is applied to the element
 * remove - happens just before the class is removed from the element
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {expression} ngClass {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval. The result
 *   of the evaluation can be a string representing space delimited class
 *   names, an array, or a map of class names to boolean values. In the case of a map, the
 *   names of the properties whose values are truthy will be added as css classes to the
 *   element.
 *
 * @example Example that demonstrates basic bindings via ngClass directive.
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
       <p ng-class="{strike: deleted, bold: important, red: error}">Map Syntax Example</p>
       <input type="checkbox" ng-model="deleted"> deleted (apply "strike" class)<br>
       <input type="checkbox" ng-model="important"> important (apply "bold" class)<br>
       <input type="checkbox" ng-model="error"> error (apply "red" class)
       <hr>
       <p ng-class="style">Using String Syntax</p>
       <input type="text" ng-model="style" placeholder="Type: bold strike red">
       <hr>
       <p ng-class="[style1, style2, style3]">Using Array Syntax</p>
       <input ng-model="style1" placeholder="Type: bold, strike or red"><br>
       <input ng-model="style2" placeholder="Type: bold, strike or red"><br>
       <input ng-model="style3" placeholder="Type: bold, strike or red"><br>
     </file>
     <file name="style.css">
       .strike {
         text-decoration: line-through;
       }
       .bold {
           font-weight: bold;
       }
       .red {
           color: red;
       }
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
       var ps = element.all(by.css('p'));

       it('should let you toggle the class', function() {

         expect(ps.first().getAttribute('class')).not.toMatch(/bold/);
         expect(ps.first().getAttribute('class')).not.toMatch(/red/);

         element(by.model('important')).click();
         expect(ps.first().getAttribute('class')).toMatch(/bold/);

         element(by.model('error')).click();
         expect(ps.first().getAttribute('class')).toMatch(/red/);
       });

       it('should let you toggle string example', function() {
         expect(ps.get(1).getAttribute('class')).toBe('');
         element(by.model('style')).clear();
         element(by.model('style')).sendKeys('red');
         expect(ps.get(1).getAttribute('class')).toBe('red');
       });

       it('array example should have 3 classes', function() {
         expect(ps.last().getAttribute('class')).toBe('');
         element(by.model('style1')).sendKeys('bold');
         element(by.model('style2')).sendKeys('strike');
         element(by.model('style3')).sendKeys('red');
         expect(ps.last().getAttribute('class')).toBe('bold strike red');
       });
     </file>
   </example>

   ## Animations

   The example below demonstrates how to perform animations using ngClass.

   <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
     <file name="index.html">
      <input id="setbtn" type="button" value="set" ng-click="myVar='my-class'">
      <input id="clearbtn" type="button" value="clear" ng-click="myVar=''">
      <br>
      <span class="base-class" ng-class="myVar">Sample Text</span>
     </file>
     <file name="style.css">
       .base-class {
         -webkit-transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
         transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
       }

       .base-class.my-class {
         color: red;
         font-size:3em;
       }
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
       it('should check ng-class', function() {
         expect(element(by.css('.base-class')).getAttribute('class')).not.
           toMatch(/my-class/);

         element(by.id('setbtn')).click();

         expect(element(by.css('.base-class')).getAttribute('class')).
           toMatch(/my-class/);

         element(by.id('clearbtn')).click();

         expect(element(by.css('.base-class')).getAttribute('class')).not.
           toMatch(/my-class/);
       });
     </file>
   </example>


   ## ngClass and pre-existing CSS3 Transitions/Animations
   The ngClass directive still supports CSS3 Transitions/Animations even if they do not follow the ngAnimate CSS naming structure.
   Upon animation ngAnimate will apply supplementary CSS classes to track the start and end of an animation, but this will not hinder
   any pre-existing CSS transitions already on the element. To get an idea of what happens during a class-based animation, be sure
   to view the step by step details of {@link ngAnimate.$animate#addclass $animate.addClass} and
   {@link ngAnimate.$animate#removeclass $animate.removeClass}.
 */
var ngClassDirective = classDirective('', true);

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngClassOdd
 * @restrict AC
 *
 * @description
 * The `ngClassOdd` and `ngClassEven` directives work exactly as
 * {@link ng.directive:ngClass ngClass}, except they work in
 * conjunction with `ngRepeat` and take effect only on odd (even) rows.
 *
 * This directive can be applied only within the scope of an
 * {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat ngRepeat}.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {expression} ngClassOdd {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval. The result
 *   of the evaluation can be a string representing space delimited class names or an array.
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
        <ol ng-init="names=['John', 'Mary', 'Cate', 'Suz']">
          <li ng-repeat="name in names">
           <span ng-class-odd="'odd'" ng-class-even="'even'">
             {{name}}
           </span>
          </li>
        </ol>
     </file>
     <file name="style.css">
       .odd {
         color: red;
       }
       .even {
         color: blue;
       }
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
       it('should check ng-class-odd and ng-class-even', function() {
         expect(element(by.repeater('name in names').row(0).column('name')).getAttribute('class')).
           toMatch(/odd/);
         expect(element(by.repeater('name in names').row(1).column('name')).getAttribute('class')).
           toMatch(/even/);
       });
     </file>
   </example>
 */
var ngClassOddDirective = classDirective('Odd', 0);

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngClassEven
 * @restrict AC
 *
 * @description
 * The `ngClassOdd` and `ngClassEven` directives work exactly as
 * {@link ng.directive:ngClass ngClass}, except they work in
 * conjunction with `ngRepeat` and take effect only on odd (even) rows.
 *
 * This directive can be applied only within the scope of an
 * {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat ngRepeat}.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {expression} ngClassEven {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval. The
 *   result of the evaluation can be a string representing space delimited class names or an array.
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
        <ol ng-init="names=['John', 'Mary', 'Cate', 'Suz']">
          <li ng-repeat="name in names">
           <span ng-class-odd="'odd'" ng-class-even="'even'">
             {{name}} &nbsp; &nbsp; &nbsp;
           </span>
          </li>
        </ol>
     </file>
     <file name="style.css">
       .odd {
         color: red;
       }
       .even {
         color: blue;
       }
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
       it('should check ng-class-odd and ng-class-even', function() {
         expect(element(by.repeater('name in names').row(0).column('name')).getAttribute('class')).
           toMatch(/odd/);
         expect(element(by.repeater('name in names').row(1).column('name')).getAttribute('class')).
           toMatch(/even/);
       });
     </file>
   </example>
 */
var ngClassEvenDirective = classDirective('Even', 1);

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngCloak
 * @restrict AC
 *
 * @description
 * The `ngCloak` directive is used to prevent the Angular html template from being briefly
 * displayed by the browser in its raw (uncompiled) form while your application is loading. Use this
 * directive to avoid the undesirable flicker effect caused by the html template display.
 *
 * The directive can be applied to the `<body>` element, but the preferred usage is to apply
 * multiple `ngCloak` directives to small portions of the page to permit progressive rendering
 * of the browser view.
 *
 * `ngCloak` works in cooperation with the following css rule embedded within `angular.js` and
 * `angular.min.js`.
 * For CSP mode please add `angular-csp.css` to your html file (see {@link ng.directive:ngCsp ngCsp}).
 *
 * ```css
 * [ng\:cloak], [ng-cloak], [data-ng-cloak], [x-ng-cloak], .ng-cloak, .x-ng-cloak {
 *   display: none !important;
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * When this css rule is loaded by the browser, all html elements (including their children) that
 * are tagged with the `ngCloak` directive are hidden. When Angular encounters this directive
 * during the compilation of the template it deletes the `ngCloak` element attribute, making
 * the compiled element visible.
 *
 * For the best result, the `angular.js` script must be loaded in the head section of the html
 * document; alternatively, the css rule above must be included in the external stylesheet of the
 * application.
 *
 * Legacy browsers, like IE7, do not provide attribute selector support (added in CSS 2.1) so they
 * cannot match the `[ng\:cloak]` selector. To work around this limitation, you must add the css
 * class `ng-cloak` in addition to the `ngCloak` directive as shown in the example below.
 *
 * @element ANY
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
        <div id="template1" ng-cloak>{{ 'hello' }}</div>
        <div id="template2" ng-cloak class="ng-cloak">{{ 'hello IE7' }}</div>
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
       it('should remove the template directive and css class', function() {
         expect($('#template1').getAttribute('ng-cloak')).
           toBeNull();
         expect($('#template2').getAttribute('ng-cloak')).
           toBeNull();
       });
     </file>
   </example>
 *
 */
var ngCloakDirective = ngDirective({
  compile: function(element, attr) {
    attr.$set('ngCloak', undefined);
    element.removeClass('ng-cloak');
  }
});

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngController
 *
 * @description
 * The `ngController` directive attaches a controller class to the view. This is a key aspect of how angular
 * supports the principles behind the Model-View-Controller design pattern.
 *
 * MVC components in angular:
 *
 * * Model — Models are the properties of a scope; scopes are attached to the DOM where scope properties
 *   are accessed through bindings.
 * * View — The template (HTML with data bindings) that is rendered into the View.
 * * Controller — The `ngController` directive specifies a Controller class; the class contains business
 *   logic behind the application to decorate the scope with functions and values
 *
 * Note that you can also attach controllers to the DOM by declaring it in a route definition
 * via the {@link ngRoute.$route $route} service. A common mistake is to declare the controller
 * again using `ng-controller` in the template itself.  This will cause the controller to be attached
 * and executed twice.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @scope
 * @param {expression} ngController Name of a globally accessible constructor function or an
 *     {@link guide/expression expression} that on the current scope evaluates to a
 *     constructor function. The controller instance can be published into a scope property
 *     by specifying `as propertyName`.
 *
 * @example
 * Here is a simple form for editing user contact information. Adding, removing, clearing, and
 * greeting are methods declared on the controller (see source tab). These methods can
 * easily be called from the angular markup. Any changes to the data are automatically reflected
 * in the View without the need for a manual update.
 *
 * Two different declaration styles are included below:
 *
 * * one binds methods and properties directly onto the controller using `this`:
 * `ng-controller="SettingsController1 as settings"`
 * * one injects `$scope` into the controller:
 * `ng-controller="SettingsController2"`
 *
 * The second option is more common in the Angular community, and is generally used in boilerplates
 * and in this guide. However, there are advantages to binding properties directly to the controller
 * and avoiding scope.
 *
 * * Using `controller as` makes it obvious which controller you are accessing in the template when
 * multiple controllers apply to an element.
 * * If you are writing your controllers as classes you have easier access to the properties and
 * methods, which will appear on the scope, from inside the controller code.
 * * Since there is always a `.` in the bindings, you don't have to worry about prototypal
 * inheritance masking primitives.
 *
 * This example demonstrates the `controller as` syntax.
 *
 * <example name="ngControllerAs" module="controllerAsExample">
 *   <file name="index.html">
 *    <div id="ctrl-as-exmpl" ng-controller="SettingsController1 as settings">
 *      Name: <input type="text" ng-model="settings.name"/>
 *      [ <a href="" ng-click="settings.greet()">greet</a> ]<br/>
 *      Contact:
 *      <ul>
 *        <li ng-repeat="contact in settings.contacts">
 *          <select ng-model="contact.type">
 *             <option>phone</option>
 *             <option>email</option>
 *          </select>
 *          <input type="text" ng-model="contact.value"/>
 *          [ <a href="" ng-click="settings.clearContact(contact)">clear</a>
 *          | <a href="" ng-click="settings.removeContact(contact)">X</a> ]
 *        </li>
 *        <li>[ <a href="" ng-click="settings.addContact()">add</a> ]</li>
 *     </ul>
 *    </div>
 *   </file>
 *   <file name="app.js">
 *    angular.module('controllerAsExample', [])
 *      .controller('SettingsController1', SettingsController1);
 *
 *    function SettingsController1() {
 *      this.name = "John Smith";
 *      this.contacts = [
 *        {type: 'phone', value: '408 555 1212'},
 *        {type: 'email', value: 'john.smith@example.org'} ];
 *    }
 *
 *    SettingsController1.prototype.greet = function() {
 *      alert(this.name);
 *    };
 *
 *    SettingsController1.prototype.addContact = function() {
 *      this.contacts.push({type: 'email', value: 'yourname@example.org'});
 *    };
 *
 *    SettingsController1.prototype.removeContact = function(contactToRemove) {
 *     var index = this.contacts.indexOf(contactToRemove);
 *      this.contacts.splice(index, 1);
 *    };
 *
 *    SettingsController1.prototype.clearContact = function(contact) {
 *      contact.type = 'phone';
 *      contact.value = '';
 *    };
 *   </file>
 *   <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
 *     it('should check controller as', function() {
 *       var container = element(by.id('ctrl-as-exmpl'));
 *         expect(container.element(by.model('settings.name'))
 *           .getAttribute('value')).toBe('John Smith');
 *
 *       var firstRepeat =
 *           container.element(by.repeater('contact in settings.contacts').row(0));
 *       var secondRepeat =
 *           container.element(by.repeater('contact in settings.contacts').row(1));
 *
 *       expect(firstRepeat.element(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
 *           .toBe('408 555 1212');
 *
 *       expect(secondRepeat.element(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
 *           .toBe('john.smith@example.org');
 *
 *       firstRepeat.element(by.linkText('clear')).click();
 *
 *       expect(firstRepeat.element(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
 *           .toBe('');
 *
 *       container.element(by.linkText('add')).click();
 *
 *       expect(container.element(by.repeater('contact in settings.contacts').row(2))
 *           .element(by.model('contact.value'))
 *           .getAttribute('value'))
 *           .toBe('yourname@example.org');
 *     });
 *   </file>
 * </example>
 *
 * This example demonstrates the "attach to `$scope`" style of controller.
 *
 * <example name="ngController" module="controllerExample">
 *  <file name="index.html">
 *   <div id="ctrl-exmpl" ng-controller="SettingsController2">
 *     Name: <input type="text" ng-model="name"/>
 *     [ <a href="" ng-click="greet()">greet</a> ]<br/>
 *     Contact:
 *     <ul>
 *       <li ng-repeat="contact in contacts">
 *         <select ng-model="contact.type">
 *            <option>phone</option>
 *            <option>email</option>
 *         </select>
 *         <input type="text" ng-model="contact.value"/>
 *         [ <a href="" ng-click="clearContact(contact)">clear</a>
 *         | <a href="" ng-click="removeContact(contact)">X</a> ]
 *       </li>
 *       <li>[ <a href="" ng-click="addContact()">add</a> ]</li>
 *    </ul>
 *   </div>
 *  </file>
 *  <file name="app.js">
 *   angular.module('controllerExample', [])
 *     .controller('SettingsController2', ['$scope', SettingsController2]);
 *
 *   function SettingsController2($scope) {
 *     $scope.name = "John Smith";
 *     $scope.contacts = [
 *       {type:'phone', value:'408 555 1212'},
 *       {type:'email', value:'john.smith@example.org'} ];
 *
 *     $scope.greet = function() {
 *       alert($scope.name);
 *     };
 *
 *     $scope.addContact = function() {
 *       $scope.contacts.push({type:'email', value:'yourname@example.org'});
 *     };
 *
 *     $scope.removeContact = function(contactToRemove) {
 *       var index = $scope.contacts.indexOf(contactToRemove);
 *       $scope.contacts.splice(index, 1);
 *     };
 *
 *     $scope.clearContact = function(contact) {
 *       contact.type = 'phone';
 *       contact.value = '';
 *     };
 *   }
 *  </file>
 *  <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
 *    it('should check controller', function() {
 *      var container = element(by.id('ctrl-exmpl'));
 *
 *      expect(container.element(by.model('name'))
 *          .getAttribute('value')).toBe('John Smith');
 *
 *      var firstRepeat =
 *          container.element(by.repeater('contact in contacts').row(0));
 *      var secondRepeat =
 *          container.element(by.repeater('contact in contacts').row(1));
 *
 *      expect(firstRepeat.element(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
 *          .toBe('408 555 1212');
 *      expect(secondRepeat.element(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
 *          .toBe('john.smith@example.org');
 *
 *      firstRepeat.element(by.linkText('clear')).click();
 *
 *      expect(firstRepeat.element(by.model('contact.value')).getAttribute('value'))
 *          .toBe('');
 *
 *      container.element(by.linkText('add')).click();
 *
 *      expect(container.element(by.repeater('contact in contacts').row(2))
 *          .element(by.model('contact.value'))
 *          .getAttribute('value'))
 *          .toBe('yourname@example.org');
 *    });
 *  </file>
 *</example>

 */
var ngControllerDirective = [function() {
  return {
    restrict: 'A',
    scope: true,
    controller: '@',
    priority: 500
  };
}];

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngCsp
 *
 * @element html
 * @description
 * Enables [CSP (Content Security Policy)](https://developer.mozilla.org/en/Security/CSP) support.
 *
 * This is necessary when developing things like Google Chrome Extensions.
 *
 * CSP forbids apps to use `eval` or `Function(string)` generated functions (among other things).
 * For Angular to be CSP compatible there are only two things that we need to do differently:
 *
 * - don't use `Function` constructor to generate optimized value getters
 * - don't inject custom stylesheet into the document
 *
 * AngularJS uses `Function(string)` generated functions as a speed optimization. Applying the `ngCsp`
 * directive will cause Angular to use CSP compatibility mode. When this mode is on AngularJS will
 * evaluate all expressions up to 30% slower than in non-CSP mode, but no security violations will
 * be raised.
 *
 * CSP forbids JavaScript to inline stylesheet rules. In non CSP mode Angular automatically
 * includes some CSS rules (e.g. {@link ng.directive:ngCloak ngCloak}).
 * To make those directives work in CSP mode, include the `angular-csp.css` manually.
 *
 * Angular tries to autodetect if CSP is active and automatically turn on the CSP-safe mode. This
 * autodetection however triggers a CSP error to be logged in the console:
 *
 * ```
 * Refused to evaluate a string as JavaScript because 'unsafe-eval' is not an allowed source of
 * script in the following Content Security Policy directive: "default-src 'self'". Note that
 * 'script-src' was not explicitly set, so 'default-src' is used as a fallback.
 * ```
 *
 * This error is harmless but annoying. To prevent the error from showing up, put the `ngCsp`
 * directive on the root element of the application or on the `angular.js` script tag, whichever
 * appears first in the html document.
 *
 * *Note: This directive is only available in the `ng-csp` and `data-ng-csp` attribute form.*
 *
 * @example
 * This example shows how to apply the `ngCsp` directive to the `html` tag.
   ```html
     <!doctype html>
     <html ng-app ng-csp>
     ...
     ...
     </html>
   ```
 */

// ngCsp is not implemented as a proper directive any more, because we need it be processed while we
// bootstrap the system (before $parse is instantiated), for this reason we just have
// the csp.isActive() fn that looks for ng-csp attribute anywhere in the current doc

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngClick
 *
 * @description
 * The ngClick directive allows you to specify custom behavior when
 * an element is clicked.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @priority 0
 * @param {expression} ngClick {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
 * click. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
      <button ng-click="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
        Increment
      </button>
      count: {{count}}
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
       it('should check ng-click', function() {
         expect(element(by.binding('count')).getText()).toMatch('0');
         element(by.css('button')).click();
         expect(element(by.binding('count')).getText()).toMatch('1');
       });
     </file>
   </example>
 */
/*
 * A directive that allows creation of custom onclick handlers that are defined as angular
 * expressions and are compiled and executed within the current scope.
 *
 * Events that are handled via these handler are always configured not to propagate further.
 */
var ngEventDirectives = {};
forEach(
  'click dblclick mousedown mouseup mouseover mouseout mousemove mouseenter mouseleave keydown keyup keypress submit focus blur copy cut paste'.split(' '),
  function(name) {
    var directiveName = directiveNormalize('ng-' + name);
    ngEventDirectives[directiveName] = ['$parse', function($parse) {
      return {
        restrict: 'A',
        compile: function($element, attr) {
          var fn = $parse(attr[directiveName]);
          return function ngEventHandler(scope, element) {
            element.on(lowercase(name), function(event) {
              scope.$apply(function() {
                fn(scope, {$event:event});
              });
            });
          };
        }
      };
    }];
  }
);

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngDblclick
 *
 * @description
 * The `ngDblclick` directive allows you to specify custom behavior on a dblclick event.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @priority 0
 * @param {expression} ngDblclick {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
 * a dblclick. (The Event object is available as `$event`)
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
      <button ng-dblclick="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
        Increment (on double click)
      </button>
      count: {{count}}
     </file>
   </example>
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngMousedown
 *
 * @description
 * The ngMousedown directive allows you to specify custom behavior on mousedown event.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @priority 0
 * @param {expression} ngMousedown {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
 * mousedown. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
      <button ng-mousedown="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
        Increment (on mouse down)
      </button>
      count: {{count}}
     </file>
   </example>
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngMouseup
 *
 * @description
 * Specify custom behavior on mouseup event.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @priority 0
 * @param {expression} ngMouseup {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
 * mouseup. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
      <button ng-mouseup="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
        Increment (on mouse up)
      </button>
      count: {{count}}
     </file>
   </example>
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngMouseover
 *
 * @description
 * Specify custom behavior on mouseover event.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @priority 0
 * @param {expression} ngMouseover {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
 * mouseover. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
      <button ng-mouseover="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
        Increment (when mouse is over)
      </button>
      count: {{count}}
     </file>
   </example>
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngMouseenter
 *
 * @description
 * Specify custom behavior on mouseenter event.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @priority 0
 * @param {expression} ngMouseenter {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
 * mouseenter. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
      <button ng-mouseenter="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
        Increment (when mouse enters)
      </button>
      count: {{count}}
     </file>
   </example>
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngMouseleave
 *
 * @description
 * Specify custom behavior on mouseleave event.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @priority 0
 * @param {expression} ngMouseleave {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
 * mouseleave. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
      <button ng-mouseleave="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
        Increment (when mouse leaves)
      </button>
      count: {{count}}
     </file>
   </example>
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngMousemove
 *
 * @description
 * Specify custom behavior on mousemove event.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @priority 0
 * @param {expression} ngMousemove {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
 * mousemove. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
      <button ng-mousemove="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
        Increment (when mouse moves)
      </button>
      count: {{count}}
     </file>
   </example>
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngKeydown
 *
 * @description
 * Specify custom behavior on keydown event.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @priority 0
 * @param {expression} ngKeydown {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
 * keydown. (Event object is available as `$event` and can be interrogated for keyCode, altKey, etc.)
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
      <input ng-keydown="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
      key down count: {{count}}
     </file>
   </example>
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngKeyup
 *
 * @description
 * Specify custom behavior on keyup event.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @priority 0
 * @param {expression} ngKeyup {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
 * keyup. (Event object is available as `$event` and can be interrogated for keyCode, altKey, etc.)
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
       <p>Typing in the input box below updates the key count</p>
       <input ng-keyup="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0"> key up count: {{count}}

       <p>Typing in the input box below updates the keycode</p>
       <input ng-keyup="event=$event">
       <p>event keyCode: {{ event.keyCode }}</p>
       <p>event altKey: {{ event.altKey }}</p>
     </file>
   </example>
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngKeypress
 *
 * @description
 * Specify custom behavior on keypress event.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {expression} ngKeypress {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
 * keypress. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`}
 * and can be interrogated for keyCode, altKey, etc.)
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
      <input ng-keypress="count = count + 1" ng-init="count=0">
      key press count: {{count}}
     </file>
   </example>
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngSubmit
 *
 * @description
 * Enables binding angular expressions to onsubmit events.
 *
 * Additionally it prevents the default action (which for form means sending the request to the
 * server and reloading the current page), but only if the form does not contain `action`,
 * `data-action`, or `x-action` attributes.
 *
 * @element form
 * @priority 0
 * @param {expression} ngSubmit {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval.
 * ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
 *
 * @example
   <example module="submitExample">
     <file name="index.html">
      <script>
        angular.module('submitExample', [])
          .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
            $scope.list = [];
            $scope.text = 'hello';
            $scope.submit = function() {
              if ($scope.text) {
                $scope.list.push(this.text);
                $scope.text = '';
              }
            };
          }]);
      </script>
      <form ng-submit="submit()" ng-controller="ExampleController">
        Enter text and hit enter:
        <input type="text" ng-model="text" name="text" />
        <input type="submit" id="submit" value="Submit" />
        <pre>list={{list}}</pre>
      </form>
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
       it('should check ng-submit', function() {
         expect(element(by.binding('list')).getText()).toBe('list=[]');
         element(by.css('#submit')).click();
         expect(element(by.binding('list')).getText()).toContain('hello');
         expect(element(by.model('text')).getAttribute('value')).toBe('');
       });
       it('should ignore empty strings', function() {
         expect(element(by.binding('list')).getText()).toBe('list=[]');
         element(by.css('#submit')).click();
         element(by.css('#submit')).click();
         expect(element(by.binding('list')).getText()).toContain('hello');
        });
     </file>
   </example>
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngFocus
 *
 * @description
 * Specify custom behavior on focus event.
 *
 * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
 * @priority 0
 * @param {expression} ngFocus {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
 * focus. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
 *
 * @example
 * See {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick}
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngBlur
 *
 * @description
 * Specify custom behavior on blur event.
 *
 * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
 * @priority 0
 * @param {expression} ngBlur {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
 * blur. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
 *
 * @example
 * See {@link ng.directive:ngClick ngClick}
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngCopy
 *
 * @description
 * Specify custom behavior on copy event.
 *
 * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
 * @priority 0
 * @param {expression} ngCopy {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
 * copy. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
      <input ng-copy="copied=true" ng-init="copied=false; value='copy me'" ng-model="value">
      copied: {{copied}}
     </file>
   </example>
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngCut
 *
 * @description
 * Specify custom behavior on cut event.
 *
 * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
 * @priority 0
 * @param {expression} ngCut {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
 * cut. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
      <input ng-cut="cut=true" ng-init="cut=false; value='cut me'" ng-model="value">
      cut: {{cut}}
     </file>
   </example>
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngPaste
 *
 * @description
 * Specify custom behavior on paste event.
 *
 * @element window, input, select, textarea, a
 * @priority 0
 * @param {expression} ngPaste {@link guide/expression Expression} to evaluate upon
 * paste. ({@link guide/expression#-event- Event object is available as `$event`})
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
      <input ng-paste="paste=true" ng-init="paste=false" placeholder='paste here'>
      pasted: {{paste}}
     </file>
   </example>
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngIf
 * @restrict A
 *
 * @description
 * The `ngIf` directive removes or recreates a portion of the DOM tree based on an
 * {expression}. If the expression assigned to `ngIf` evaluates to a false
 * value then the element is removed from the DOM, otherwise a clone of the
 * element is reinserted into the DOM.
 *
 * `ngIf` differs from `ngShow` and `ngHide` in that `ngIf` completely removes and recreates the
 * element in the DOM rather than changing its visibility via the `display` css property.  A common
 * case when this difference is significant is when using css selectors that rely on an element's
 * position within the DOM, such as the `:first-child` or `:last-child` pseudo-classes.
 *
 * Note that when an element is removed using `ngIf` its scope is destroyed and a new scope
 * is created when the element is restored.  The scope created within `ngIf` inherits from
 * its parent scope using
 * [prototypal inheritance](https://github.com/angular/angular.js/wiki/The-Nuances-of-Scope-Prototypal-Inheritance).
 * An important implication of this is if `ngModel` is used within `ngIf` to bind to
 * a javascript primitive defined in the parent scope. In this case any modifications made to the
 * variable within the child scope will override (hide) the value in the parent scope.
 *
 * Also, `ngIf` recreates elements using their compiled state. An example of this behavior
 * is if an element's class attribute is directly modified after it's compiled, using something like
 * jQuery's `.addClass()` method, and the element is later removed. When `ngIf` recreates the element
 * the added class will be lost because the original compiled state is used to regenerate the element.
 *
 * Additionally, you can provide animations via the `ngAnimate` module to animate the `enter`
 * and `leave` effects.
 *
 * @animations
 * enter - happens just after the ngIf contents change and a new DOM element is created and injected into the ngIf container
 * leave - happens just before the ngIf contents are removed from the DOM
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @scope
 * @priority 600
 * @param {expression} ngIf If the {@link guide/expression expression} is falsy then
 *     the element is removed from the DOM tree. If it is truthy a copy of the compiled
 *     element is added to the DOM tree.
 *
 * @example
  <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
    <file name="index.html">
      Click me: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked" ng-init="checked=true" /><br/>
      Show when checked:
      <span ng-if="checked" class="animate-if">
        I'm removed when the checkbox is unchecked.
      </span>
    </file>
    <file name="animations.css">
      .animate-if {
        background:white;
        border:1px solid black;
        padding:10px;
      }

      .animate-if.ng-enter, .animate-if.ng-leave {
        -webkit-transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
        transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
      }

      .animate-if.ng-enter,
      .animate-if.ng-leave.ng-leave-active {
        opacity:0;
      }

      .animate-if.ng-leave,
      .animate-if.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
        opacity:1;
      }
    </file>
  </example>
 */
var ngIfDirective = ['$animate', function($animate) {
  return {
    multiElement: true,
    transclude: 'element',
    priority: 600,
    terminal: true,
    restrict: 'A',
    $$tlb: true,
    link: function ($scope, $element, $attr, ctrl, $transclude) {
        var block, childScope, previousElements;
        $scope.$watch($attr.ngIf, function ngIfWatchAction(value) {

          if (value) {
            if (!childScope) {
              $transclude(function (clone, newScope) {
                childScope = newScope;
                clone[clone.length++] = document.createComment(' end ngIf: ' + $attr.ngIf + ' ');
                // Note: We only need the first/last node of the cloned nodes.
                // However, we need to keep the reference to the jqlite wrapper as it might be changed later
                // by a directive with templateUrl when its template arrives.
                block = {
                  clone: clone
                };
                $animate.enter(clone, $element.parent(), $element);
              });
            }
          } else {
            if(previousElements) {
              previousElements.remove();
              previousElements = null;
            }
            if(childScope) {
              childScope.$destroy();
              childScope = null;
            }
            if(block) {
              previousElements = getBlockElements(block.clone);
              $animate.leave(previousElements, function() {
                previousElements = null;
              });
              block = null;
            }
          }
        });
    }
  };
}];

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngInclude
 * @restrict ECA
 *
 * @description
 * Fetches, compiles and includes an external HTML fragment.
 *
 * By default, the template URL is restricted to the same domain and protocol as the
 * application document. This is done by calling {@link ng.$sce#getTrustedResourceUrl
 * $sce.getTrustedResourceUrl} on it. To load templates from other domains or protocols
 * you may either {@link ng.$sceDelegateProvider#resourceUrlWhitelist whitelist them} or
 * [wrap them](ng.$sce#trustAsResourceUrl) as trusted values. Refer to Angular's {@link
 * ng.$sce Strict Contextual Escaping}.
 *
 * In addition, the browser's
 * [Same Origin Policy](https://code.google.com/p/browsersec/wiki/Part2#Same-origin_policy_for_XMLHttpRequest)
 * and [Cross-Origin Resource Sharing (CORS)](http://www.w3.org/TR/cors/)
 * policy may further restrict whether the template is successfully loaded.
 * For example, `ngInclude` won't work for cross-domain requests on all browsers and for `file://`
 * access on some browsers.
 *
 * @animations
 * enter - animation is used to bring new content into the browser.
 * leave - animation is used to animate existing content away.
 *
 * The enter and leave animation occur concurrently.
 *
 * @scope
 * @priority 400
 *
 * @param {string} ngInclude|src angular expression evaluating to URL. If the source is a string constant,
 *                 make sure you wrap it in **single** quotes, e.g. `src="'myPartialTemplate.html'"`.
 * @param {string=} onload Expression to evaluate when a new partial is loaded.
 *
 * @param {string=} autoscroll Whether `ngInclude` should call {@link ng.$anchorScroll
 *                  $anchorScroll} to scroll the viewport after the content is loaded.
 *
 *                  - If the attribute is not set, disable scrolling.
 *                  - If the attribute is set without value, enable scrolling.
 *                  - Otherwise enable scrolling only if the expression evaluates to truthy value.
 *
 * @example
  <example module="includeExample" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
    <file name="index.html">
     <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
       <select ng-model="template" ng-options="t.name for t in templates">
        <option value="">(blank)</option>
       </select>
       url of the template: <tt>{{template.url}}</tt>
       <hr/>
       <div class="slide-animate-container">
         <div class="slide-animate" ng-include="template.url"></div>
       </div>
     </div>
    </file>
    <file name="script.js">
      angular.module('includeExample', ['ngAnimate'])
        .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
          $scope.templates =
            [ { name: 'template1.html', url: 'template1.html'},
              { name: 'template2.html', url: 'template2.html'} ];
          $scope.template = $scope.templates[0];
        }]);
     </file>
    <file name="template1.html">
      Content of template1.html
    </file>
    <file name="template2.html">
      Content of template2.html
    </file>
    <file name="animations.css">
      .slide-animate-container {
        position:relative;
        background:white;
        border:1px solid black;
        height:40px;
        overflow:hidden;
      }

      .slide-animate {
        padding:10px;
      }

      .slide-animate.ng-enter, .slide-animate.ng-leave {
        -webkit-transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
        transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;

        position:absolute;
        top:0;
        left:0;
        right:0;
        bottom:0;
        display:block;
        padding:10px;
      }

      .slide-animate.ng-enter {
        top:-50px;
      }
      .slide-animate.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
        top:0;
      }

      .slide-animate.ng-leave {
        top:0;
      }
      .slide-animate.ng-leave.ng-leave-active {
        top:50px;
      }
    </file>
    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
      var templateSelect = element(by.model('template'));
      var includeElem = element(by.css('[ng-include]'));

      it('should load template1.html', function() {
        expect(includeElem.getText()).toMatch(/Content of template1.html/);
      });

      it('should load template2.html', function() {
        if (browser.params.browser == 'firefox') {
          // Firefox can't handle using selects
          // See https://github.com/angular/protractor/issues/480
          return;
        }
        templateSelect.click();
        templateSelect.all(by.css('option')).get(2).click();
        expect(includeElem.getText()).toMatch(/Content of template2.html/);
      });

      it('should change to blank', function() {
        if (browser.params.browser == 'firefox') {
          // Firefox can't handle using selects
          return;
        }
        templateSelect.click();
        templateSelect.all(by.css('option')).get(0).click();
        expect(includeElem.isPresent()).toBe(false);
      });
    </file>
  </example>
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc event
 * @name ngInclude#$includeContentRequested
 * @eventType emit on the scope ngInclude was declared in
 * @description
 * Emitted every time the ngInclude content is requested.
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc event
 * @name ngInclude#$includeContentLoaded
 * @eventType emit on the current ngInclude scope
 * @description
 * Emitted every time the ngInclude content is reloaded.
 */


/**
 * @ngdoc event
 * @name ngInclude#$includeContentError
 * @eventType emit on the scope ngInclude was declared in
 * @description
 * Emitted when a template HTTP request yields an erronous response (status < 200 || status > 299)
 */
var ngIncludeDirective = ['$http', '$templateCache', '$anchorScroll', '$animate', '$sce',
                  function($http,   $templateCache,   $anchorScroll,   $animate,   $sce) {
  return {
    restrict: 'ECA',
    priority: 400,
    terminal: true,
    transclude: 'element',
    controller: angular.noop,
    compile: function(element, attr) {
      var srcExp = attr.ngInclude || attr.src,
          onloadExp = attr.onload || '',
          autoScrollExp = attr.autoscroll;

      return function(scope, $element, $attr, ctrl, $transclude) {
        var changeCounter = 0,
            currentScope,
            previousElement,
            currentElement;

        var cleanupLastIncludeContent = function() {
          if(previousElement) {
            previousElement.remove();
            previousElement = null;
          }
          if(currentScope) {
            currentScope.$destroy();
            currentScope = null;
          }
          if(currentElement) {
            $animate.leave(currentElement, function() {
              previousElement = null;
            });
            previousElement = currentElement;
            currentElement = null;
          }
        };

        scope.$watch($sce.parseAsResourceUrl(srcExp), function ngIncludeWatchAction(src) {
          var afterAnimation = function() {
            if (isDefined(autoScrollExp) && (!autoScrollExp || scope.$eval(autoScrollExp))) {
              $anchorScroll();
            }
          };
          var thisChangeId = ++changeCounter;

          if (src) {
            $http.get(src, {cache: $templateCache}).success(function(response) {
              if (thisChangeId !== changeCounter) return;
              var newScope = scope.$new();
              ctrl.template = response;

              // Note: This will also link all children of ng-include that were contained in the original
              // html. If that content contains controllers, ... they could pollute/change the scope.
              // However, using ng-include on an element with additional content does not make sense...
              // Note: We can't remove them in the cloneAttchFn of $transclude as that
              // function is called before linking the content, which would apply child
              // directives to non existing elements.
              var clone = $transclude(newScope, function(clone) {
                cleanupLastIncludeContent();
                $animate.enter(clone, null, $element, afterAnimation);
              });

              currentScope = newScope;
              currentElement = clone;

              currentScope.$emit('$includeContentLoaded');
              scope.$eval(onloadExp);
            }).error(function() {
              if (thisChangeId === changeCounter) {
                cleanupLastIncludeContent();
                scope.$emit('$includeContentError');
              }
            });
            scope.$emit('$includeContentRequested');
          } else {
            cleanupLastIncludeContent();
            ctrl.template = null;
          }
        });
      };
    }
  };
}];

// This directive is called during the $transclude call of the first `ngInclude` directive.
// It will replace and compile the content of the element with the loaded template.
// We need this directive so that the element content is already filled when
// the link function of another directive on the same element as ngInclude
// is called.
var ngIncludeFillContentDirective = ['$compile',
  function($compile) {
    return {
      restrict: 'ECA',
      priority: -400,
      require: 'ngInclude',
      link: function(scope, $element, $attr, ctrl) {
        $element.html(ctrl.template);
        $compile($element.contents())(scope);
      }
    };
  }];

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngInit
 * @restrict AC
 *
 * @description
 * The `ngInit` directive allows you to evaluate an expression in the
 * current scope.
 *
 * <div class="alert alert-error">
 * The only appropriate use of `ngInit` is for aliasing special properties of
 * {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat `ngRepeat`}, as seen in the demo below. Besides this case, you
 * should use {@link guide/controller controllers} rather than `ngInit`
 * to initialize values on a scope.
 * </div>
 * <div class="alert alert-warning">
 * **Note**: If you have assignment in `ngInit` along with {@link ng.$filter `$filter`}, make
 * sure you have parenthesis for correct precedence:
 * <pre class="prettyprint">
 *   <div ng-init="test1 = (data | orderBy:'name')"></div>
 * </pre>
 * </div>
 *
 * @priority 450
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {expression} ngInit {@link guide/expression Expression} to eval.
 *
 * @example
   <example module="initExample">
     <file name="index.html">
   <script>
     angular.module('initExample', [])
       .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
         $scope.list = [['a', 'b'], ['c', 'd']];
       }]);
   </script>
   <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
     <div ng-repeat="innerList in list" ng-init="outerIndex = $index">
       <div ng-repeat="value in innerList" ng-init="innerIndex = $index">
          <span class="example-init">list[ {{outerIndex}} ][ {{innerIndex}} ] = {{value}};</span>
       </div>
     </div>
   </div>
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
       it('should alias index positions', function() {
         var elements = element.all(by.css('.example-init'));
         expect(elements.get(0).getText()).toBe('list[ 0 ][ 0 ] = a;');
         expect(elements.get(1).getText()).toBe('list[ 0 ][ 1 ] = b;');
         expect(elements.get(2).getText()).toBe('list[ 1 ][ 0 ] = c;');
         expect(elements.get(3).getText()).toBe('list[ 1 ][ 1 ] = d;');
       });
     </file>
   </example>
 */
var ngInitDirective = ngDirective({
  priority: 450,
  compile: function() {
    return {
      pre: function(scope, element, attrs) {
        scope.$eval(attrs.ngInit);
      }
    };
  }
});

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngNonBindable
 * @restrict AC
 * @priority 1000
 *
 * @description
 * The `ngNonBindable` directive tells Angular not to compile or bind the contents of the current
 * DOM element. This is useful if the element contains what appears to be Angular directives and
 * bindings but which should be ignored by Angular. This could be the case if you have a site that
 * displays snippets of code, for instance.
 *
 * @element ANY
 *
 * @example
 * In this example there are two locations where a simple interpolation binding (`{{}}`) is present,
 * but the one wrapped in `ngNonBindable` is left alone.
 *
 * @example
    <example>
      <file name="index.html">
        <div>Normal: {{1 + 2}}</div>
        <div ng-non-bindable>Ignored: {{1 + 2}}</div>
      </file>
      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
       it('should check ng-non-bindable', function() {
         expect(element(by.binding('1 + 2')).getText()).toContain('3');
         expect(element.all(by.css('div')).last().getText()).toMatch(/1 \+ 2/);
       });
      </file>
    </example>
 */
var ngNonBindableDirective = ngDirective({ terminal: true, priority: 1000 });

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngPluralize
 * @restrict EA
 *
 * @description
 * `ngPluralize` is a directive that displays messages according to en-US localization rules.
 * These rules are bundled with angular.js, but can be overridden
 * (see {@link guide/i18n Angular i18n} dev guide). You configure ngPluralize directive
 * by specifying the mappings between
 * [plural categories](http://unicode.org/repos/cldr-tmp/trunk/diff/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html)
 * and the strings to be displayed.
 *
 * # Plural categories and explicit number rules
 * There are two
 * [plural categories](http://unicode.org/repos/cldr-tmp/trunk/diff/supplemental/language_plural_rules.html)
 * in Angular's default en-US locale: "one" and "other".
 *
 * While a plural category may match many numbers (for example, in en-US locale, "other" can match
 * any number that is not 1), an explicit number rule can only match one number. For example, the
 * explicit number rule for "3" matches the number 3. There are examples of plural categories
 * and explicit number rules throughout the rest of this documentation.
 *
 * # Configuring ngPluralize
 * You configure ngPluralize by providing 2 attributes: `count` and `when`.
 * You can also provide an optional attribute, `offset`.
 *
 * The value of the `count` attribute can be either a string or an {@link guide/expression
 * Angular expression}; these are evaluated on the current scope for its bound value.
 *
 * The `when` attribute specifies the mappings between plural categories and the actual
 * string to be displayed. The value of the attribute should be a JSON object.
 *
 * The following example shows how to configure ngPluralize:
 *
 * ```html
 * <ng-pluralize count="personCount"
                 when="{'0': 'Nobody is viewing.',
 *                      'one': '1 person is viewing.',
 *                      'other': '{} people are viewing.'}">
 * </ng-pluralize>
 *```
 *
 * In the example, `"0: Nobody is viewing."` is an explicit number rule. If you did not
 * specify this rule, 0 would be matched to the "other" category and "0 people are viewing"
 * would be shown instead of "Nobody is viewing". You can specify an explicit number rule for
 * other numbers, for example 12, so that instead of showing "12 people are viewing", you can
 * show "a dozen people are viewing".
 *
 * You can use a set of closed braces (`{}`) as a placeholder for the number that you want substituted
 * into pluralized strings. In the previous example, Angular will replace `{}` with
 * <span ng-non-bindable>`{{personCount}}`</span>. The closed braces `{}` is a placeholder
 * for <span ng-non-bindable>{{numberExpression}}</span>.
 *
 * # Configuring ngPluralize with offset
 * The `offset` attribute allows further customization of pluralized text, which can result in
 * a better user experience. For example, instead of the message "4 people are viewing this document",
 * you might display "John, Kate and 2 others are viewing this document".
 * The offset attribute allows you to offset a number by any desired value.
 * Let's take a look at an example:
 *
 * ```html
 * <ng-pluralize count="personCount" offset=2
 *               when="{'0': 'Nobody is viewing.',
 *                      '1': '{{person1}} is viewing.',
 *                      '2': '{{person1}} and {{person2}} are viewing.',
 *                      'one': '{{person1}}, {{person2}} and one other person are viewing.',
 *                      'other': '{{person1}}, {{person2}} and {} other people are viewing.'}">
 * </ng-pluralize>
 * ```
 *
 * Notice that we are still using two plural categories(one, other), but we added
 * three explicit number rules 0, 1 and 2.
 * When one person, perhaps John, views the document, "John is viewing" will be shown.
 * When three people view the document, no explicit number rule is found, so
 * an offset of 2 is taken off 3, and Angular uses 1 to decide the plural category.
 * In this case, plural category 'one' is matched and "John, Mary and one other person are viewing"
 * is shown.
 *
 * Note that when you specify offsets, you must provide explicit number rules for
 * numbers from 0 up to and including the offset. If you use an offset of 3, for example,
 * you must provide explicit number rules for 0, 1, 2 and 3. You must also provide plural strings for
 * plural categories "one" and "other".
 *
 * @param {string|expression} count The variable to be bound to.
 * @param {string} when The mapping between plural category to its corresponding strings.
 * @param {number=} offset Offset to deduct from the total number.
 *
 * @example
    <example module="pluralizeExample">
      <file name="index.html">
        <script>
          angular.module('pluralizeExample', [])
            .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
              $scope.person1 = 'Igor';
              $scope.person2 = 'Misko';
              $scope.personCount = 1;
            }]);
        </script>
        <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
          Person 1:<input type="text" ng-model="person1" value="Igor" /><br/>
          Person 2:<input type="text" ng-model="person2" value="Misko" /><br/>
          Number of People:<input type="text" ng-model="personCount" value="1" /><br/>

          <!--- Example with simple pluralization rules for en locale --->
          Without Offset:
          <ng-pluralize count="personCount"
                        when="{'0': 'Nobody is viewing.',
                               'one': '1 person is viewing.',
                               'other': '{} people are viewing.'}">
          </ng-pluralize><br>

          <!--- Example with offset --->
          With Offset(2):
          <ng-pluralize count="personCount" offset=2
                        when="{'0': 'Nobody is viewing.',
                               '1': '{{person1}} is viewing.',
                               '2': '{{person1}} and {{person2}} are viewing.',
                               'one': '{{person1}}, {{person2}} and one other person are viewing.',
                               'other': '{{person1}}, {{person2}} and {} other people are viewing.'}">
          </ng-pluralize>
        </div>
      </file>
      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
        it('should show correct pluralized string', function() {
          var withoutOffset = element.all(by.css('ng-pluralize')).get(0);
          var withOffset = element.all(by.css('ng-pluralize')).get(1);
          var countInput = element(by.model('personCount'));

          expect(withoutOffset.getText()).toEqual('1 person is viewing.');
          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Igor is viewing.');

          countInput.clear();
          countInput.sendKeys('0');

          expect(withoutOffset.getText()).toEqual('Nobody is viewing.');
          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Nobody is viewing.');

          countInput.clear();
          countInput.sendKeys('2');

          expect(withoutOffset.getText()).toEqual('2 people are viewing.');
          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Igor and Misko are viewing.');

          countInput.clear();
          countInput.sendKeys('3');

          expect(withoutOffset.getText()).toEqual('3 people are viewing.');
          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Igor, Misko and one other person are viewing.');

          countInput.clear();
          countInput.sendKeys('4');

          expect(withoutOffset.getText()).toEqual('4 people are viewing.');
          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Igor, Misko and 2 other people are viewing.');
        });
        it('should show data-bound names', function() {
          var withOffset = element.all(by.css('ng-pluralize')).get(1);
          var personCount = element(by.model('personCount'));
          var person1 = element(by.model('person1'));
          var person2 = element(by.model('person2'));
          personCount.clear();
          personCount.sendKeys('4');
          person1.clear();
          person1.sendKeys('Di');
          person2.clear();
          person2.sendKeys('Vojta');
          expect(withOffset.getText()).toEqual('Di, Vojta and 2 other people are viewing.');
        });
      </file>
    </example>
 */
var ngPluralizeDirective = ['$locale', '$interpolate', function($locale, $interpolate) {
  var BRACE = /{}/g;
  return {
    restrict: 'EA',
    link: function(scope, element, attr) {
      var numberExp = attr.count,
          whenExp = attr.$attr.when && element.attr(attr.$attr.when), // we have {{}} in attrs
          offset = attr.offset || 0,
          whens = scope.$eval(whenExp) || {},
          whensExpFns = {},
          startSymbol = $interpolate.startSymbol(),
          endSymbol = $interpolate.endSymbol(),
          isWhen = /^when(Minus)?(.+)$/;

      forEach(attr, function(expression, attributeName) {
        if (isWhen.test(attributeName)) {
          whens[lowercase(attributeName.replace('when', '').replace('Minus', '-'))] =
            element.attr(attr.$attr[attributeName]);
        }
      });
      forEach(whens, function(expression, key) {
        whensExpFns[key] =
          $interpolate(expression.replace(BRACE, startSymbol + numberExp + '-' +
            offset + endSymbol));
      });

      scope.$watch(function ngPluralizeWatch() {
        var value = parseFloat(scope.$eval(numberExp));

        if (!isNaN(value)) {
          //if explicit number rule such as 1, 2, 3... is defined, just use it. Otherwise,
          //check it against pluralization rules in $locale service
          if (!(value in whens)) value = $locale.pluralCat(value - offset);
           return whensExpFns[value](scope);
        } else {
          return '';
        }
      }, function ngPluralizeWatchAction(newVal) {
        element.text(newVal);
      });
    }
  };
}];

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngRepeat
 *
 * @description
 * The `ngRepeat` directive instantiates a template once per item from a collection. Each template
 * instance gets its own scope, where the given loop variable is set to the current collection item,
 * and `$index` is set to the item index or key.
 *
 * Special properties are exposed on the local scope of each template instance, including:
 *
 * | Variable  | Type            | Details                                                                     |
 * |-----------|-----------------|-----------------------------------------------------------------------------|
 * | `$index`  | {@type number}  | iterator offset of the repeated element (0..length-1)                       |
 * | `$first`  | {@type boolean} | true if the repeated element is first in the iterator.                      |
 * | `$middle` | {@type boolean} | true if the repeated element is between the first and last in the iterator. |
 * | `$last`   | {@type boolean} | true if the repeated element is last in the iterator.                       |
 * | `$even`   | {@type boolean} | true if the iterator position `$index` is even (otherwise false).           |
 * | `$odd`    | {@type boolean} | true if the iterator position `$index` is odd (otherwise false).            |
 *
 * Creating aliases for these properties is possible with {@link ng.directive:ngInit `ngInit`}.
 * This may be useful when, for instance, nesting ngRepeats.
 *
 * # Special repeat start and end points
 * To repeat a series of elements instead of just one parent element, ngRepeat (as well as other ng directives) supports extending
 * the range of the repeater by defining explicit start and end points by using **ng-repeat-start** and **ng-repeat-end** respectively.
 * The **ng-repeat-start** directive works the same as **ng-repeat**, but will repeat all the HTML code (including the tag it's defined on)
 * up to and including the ending HTML tag where **ng-repeat-end** is placed.
 *
 * The example below makes use of this feature:
 * ```html
 *   <header ng-repeat-start="item in items">
 *     Header {{ item }}
 *   </header>
 *   <div class="body">
 *     Body {{ item }}
 *   </div>
 *   <footer ng-repeat-end>
 *     Footer {{ item }}
 *   </footer>
 * ```
 *
 * And with an input of {@type ['A','B']} for the items variable in the example above, the output will evaluate to:
 * ```html
 *   <header>
 *     Header A
 *   </header>
 *   <div class="body">
 *     Body A
 *   </div>
 *   <footer>
 *     Footer A
 *   </footer>
 *   <header>
 *     Header B
 *   </header>
 *   <div class="body">
 *     Body B
 *   </div>
 *   <footer>
 *     Footer B
 *   </footer>
 * ```
 *
 * The custom start and end points for ngRepeat also support all other HTML directive syntax flavors provided in AngularJS (such
 * as **data-ng-repeat-start**, **x-ng-repeat-start** and **ng:repeat-start**).
 *
 * @animations
 * **.enter** - when a new item is added to the list or when an item is revealed after a filter
 *
 * **.leave** - when an item is removed from the list or when an item is filtered out
 *
 * **.move** - when an adjacent item is filtered out causing a reorder or when the item contents are reordered
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @scope
 * @priority 1000
 * @param {repeat_expression} ngRepeat The expression indicating how to enumerate a collection. These
 *   formats are currently supported:
 *
 *   * `variable in expression` – where variable is the user defined loop variable and `expression`
 *     is a scope expression giving the collection to enumerate.
 *
 *     For example: `album in artist.albums`.
 *
 *   * `(key, value) in expression` – where `key` and `value` can be any user defined identifiers,
 *     and `expression` is the scope expression giving the collection to enumerate.
 *
 *     For example: `(name, age) in {'adam':10, 'amalie':12}`.
 *
 *   * `variable in expression track by tracking_expression` – You can also provide an optional tracking function
 *     which can be used to associate the objects in the collection with the DOM elements. If no tracking function
 *     is specified the ng-repeat associates elements by identity in the collection. It is an error to have
 *     more than one tracking function to resolve to the same key. (This would mean that two distinct objects are
 *     mapped to the same DOM element, which is not possible.)  Filters should be applied to the expression,
 *     before specifying a tracking expression.
 *
 *     For example: `item in items` is equivalent to `item in items track by $id(item)`. This implies that the DOM elements
 *     will be associated by item identity in the array.
 *
 *   * `variable in expression as alias_expression` – You can also provide an optional alias expression which will then store the
 *     intermediate results of the repeater after the filters have been applied. Typically this is used to render a special message
 *     when a filter is active on the repeater, but the filtered result set is empty.
 *
 *     For example: `item in items | filter:x as results` will store the fragment of the repeated items as `results`, but only after
 *     the items have been processed through the filter.
 *
 *     For example: `item in items track by $id(item)`. A built in `$id()` function can be used to assign a unique
 *     `$$hashKey` property to each item in the array. This property is then used as a key to associated DOM elements
 *     with the corresponding item in the array by identity. Moving the same object in array would move the DOM
 *     element in the same way in the DOM.
 *
 *     For example: `item in items track by item.id` is a typical pattern when the items come from the database. In this
 *     case the object identity does not matter. Two objects are considered equivalent as long as their `id`
 *     property is same.
 *
 *     For example: `item in items | filter:searchText track by item.id` is a pattern that might be used to apply a filter
 *     to items in conjunction with a tracking expression.
 *
 * @example
 * This example initializes the scope to a list of names and
 * then uses `ngRepeat` to display every person:
  <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
    <file name="index.html">
      <div ng-init="friends = [
        {name:'John', age:25, gender:'boy'},
        {name:'Jessie', age:30, gender:'girl'},
        {name:'Johanna', age:28, gender:'girl'},
        {name:'Joy', age:15, gender:'girl'},
        {name:'Mary', age:28, gender:'girl'},
        {name:'Peter', age:95, gender:'boy'},
        {name:'Sebastian', age:50, gender:'boy'},
        {name:'Erika', age:27, gender:'girl'},
        {name:'Patrick', age:40, gender:'boy'},
        {name:'Samantha', age:60, gender:'girl'}
      ]">
        I have {{friends.length}} friends. They are:
        <input type="search" ng-model="q" placeholder="filter friends..." />
        <ul class="example-animate-container">
          <li class="animate-repeat" ng-repeat="friend in friends | filter:q as results">
            [{{$index + 1}}] {{friend.name}} who is {{friend.age}} years old.
          </li>
          <li class="animate-repeat" ng-if="results.length == 0">
            <strong>No results found...</strong>
          </li>
        </ul>
      </div>
    </file>
    <file name="animations.css">
      .example-animate-container {
        background:white;
        border:1px solid black;
        list-style:none;
        margin:0;
        padding:0 10px;
      }

      .animate-repeat {
        line-height:40px;
        list-style:none;
        box-sizing:border-box;
      }

      .animate-repeat.ng-move,
      .animate-repeat.ng-enter,
      .animate-repeat.ng-leave {
        -webkit-transition:all linear 0.5s;
        transition:all linear 0.5s;
      }

      .animate-repeat.ng-leave.ng-leave-active,
      .animate-repeat.ng-move,
      .animate-repeat.ng-enter {
        opacity:0;
        max-height:0;
      }

      .animate-repeat.ng-leave,
      .animate-repeat.ng-move.ng-move-active,
      .animate-repeat.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
        opacity:1;
        max-height:40px;
      }
    </file>
    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
      var friends = element.all(by.repeater('friend in friends'));

      it('should render initial data set', function() {
        expect(friends.count()).toBe(10);
        expect(friends.get(0).getText()).toEqual('[1] John who is 25 years old.');
        expect(friends.get(1).getText()).toEqual('[2] Jessie who is 30 years old.');
        expect(friends.last().getText()).toEqual('[10] Samantha who is 60 years old.');
        expect(element(by.binding('friends.length')).getText())
            .toMatch("I have 10 friends. They are:");
      });

       it('should update repeater when filter predicate changes', function() {
         expect(friends.count()).toBe(10);

         element(by.model('q')).sendKeys('ma');

         expect(friends.count()).toBe(2);
         expect(friends.get(0).getText()).toEqual('[1] Mary who is 28 years old.');
         expect(friends.last().getText()).toEqual('[2] Samantha who is 60 years old.');
       });
      </file>
    </example>
 */
var ngRepeatDirective = ['$parse', '$animate', function($parse, $animate) {
  var NG_REMOVED = '$$NG_REMOVED';
  var ngRepeatMinErr = minErr('ngRepeat');
  return {
    restrict: 'A',
    multiElement: true,
    transclude: 'element',
    priority: 1000,
    terminal: true,
    $$tlb: true,
    link: function($scope, $element, $attr, ctrl, $transclude){
        var expression = $attr.ngRepeat;
        var match = expression.match(/^\s*([\s\S]+?)\s+in\s+([\s\S]+?)(?:\s+as\s+([\s\S]+?))?(?:\s+track\s+by\s+([\s\S]+?))?\s*$/),
          trackByExp, trackByExpGetter, aliasAs, trackByIdExpFn, trackByIdArrayFn, trackByIdObjFn,
          lhs, rhs, valueIdentifier, keyIdentifier,
          hashFnLocals = {$id: hashKey};

        if (!match) {
          throw ngRepeatMinErr('iexp', "Expected expression in form of '_item_ in _collection_[ track by _id_]' but got '{0}'.",
            expression);
        }

        lhs = match[1];
        rhs = match[2];
        aliasAs = match[3];
        trackByExp = match[4];

        if (trackByExp) {
          trackByExpGetter = $parse(trackByExp);
          trackByIdExpFn = function(key, value, index) {
            // assign key, value, and $index to the locals so that they can be used in hash functions
            if (keyIdentifier) hashFnLocals[keyIdentifier] = key;
            hashFnLocals[valueIdentifier] = value;
            hashFnLocals.$index = index;
            return trackByExpGetter($scope, hashFnLocals);
          };
        } else {
          trackByIdArrayFn = function(key, value) {
            return hashKey(value);
          };
          trackByIdObjFn = function(key) {
            return key;
          };
        }

        match = lhs.match(/^(?:([\$\w]+)|\(([\$\w]+)\s*,\s*([\$\w]+)\))$/);
        if (!match) {
          throw ngRepeatMinErr('iidexp', "'_item_' in '_item_ in _collection_' should be an identifier or '(_key_, _value_)' expression, but got '{0}'.",
                                                                    lhs);
        }
        valueIdentifier = match[3] || match[1];
        keyIdentifier = match[2];

        // Store a list of elements from previous run. This is a hash where key is the item from the
        // iterator, and the value is objects with following properties.
        //   - scope: bound scope
        //   - element: previous element.
        //   - index: position
        var lastBlockMap = {};

        //watch props
        $scope.$watchCollection(rhs, function ngRepeatAction(collection){
          var index, length,
              previousNode = $element[0],     // current position of the node
              nextNode,
              // Same as lastBlockMap but it has the current state. It will become the
              // lastBlockMap on the next iteration.
              nextBlockMap = {},
              arrayLength,
              key, value, // key/value of iteration
              trackById,
              trackByIdFn,
              collectionKeys,
              block,       // last object information {scope, element, id}
              nextBlockOrder = [],
              elementsToRemove;

          if (aliasAs) {
            $scope[aliasAs] = collection;
          }

          var updateScope = function(scope, index) {
            scope[valueIdentifier] = value;
            if (keyIdentifier) scope[keyIdentifier] = key;
            scope.$index = index;
            scope.$first = (index === 0);
            scope.$last = (index === (arrayLength - 1));
            scope.$middle = !(scope.$first || scope.$last);
            // jshint bitwise: false
            scope.$odd = !(scope.$even = (index&1) === 0);
            // jshint bitwise: true
          };

          if (isArrayLike(collection)) {
            collectionKeys = collection;
            trackByIdFn = trackByIdExpFn || trackByIdArrayFn;
          } else {
            trackByIdFn = trackByIdExpFn || trackByIdObjFn;
            // if object, extract keys, sort them and use to determine order of iteration over obj props
            collectionKeys = [];
            for (var itemKey in collection) {
              if (collection.hasOwnProperty(itemKey) && itemKey.charAt(0) != '$') {
                collectionKeys.push(itemKey);
              }
            }
            collectionKeys.sort();
          }

          arrayLength = collectionKeys.length;

          // locate existing items
          length = nextBlockOrder.length = collectionKeys.length;
          for(index = 0; index < length; index++) {
           key = (collection === collectionKeys) ? index : collectionKeys[index];
           value = collection[key];
           trackById = trackByIdFn(key, value, index);
           assertNotHasOwnProperty(trackById, '`track by` id');
           if(lastBlockMap.hasOwnProperty(trackById)) {
             block = lastBlockMap[trackById];
             delete lastBlockMap[trackById];
             nextBlockMap[trackById] = block;
             nextBlockOrder[index] = block;
           } else if (nextBlockMap.hasOwnProperty(trackById)) {
             // restore lastBlockMap
             forEach(nextBlockOrder, function(block) {
               if (block && block.scope) lastBlockMap[block.id] = block;
             });
             // This is a duplicate and we need to throw an error
             throw ngRepeatMinErr('dupes', "Duplicates in a repeater are not allowed. Use 'track by' expression to specify unique keys. Repeater: {0}, Duplicate key: {1}",
                                                                                                                                                    expression,       trackById);
           } else {
             // new never before seen block
             nextBlockOrder[index] = { id: trackById };
             nextBlockMap[trackById] = false;
           }
         }

          // remove existing items
          for (var blockKey in lastBlockMap) {
            // lastBlockMap is our own object so we don't need to use special hasOwnPropertyFn
            if (lastBlockMap.hasOwnProperty(blockKey)) {
              block = lastBlockMap[blockKey];
              elementsToRemove = getBlockElements(block.clone);
              $animate.leave(elementsToRemove);
              forEach(elementsToRemove, function(element) { element[NG_REMOVED] = true; });
              block.scope.$destroy();
            }
          }

          // we are not using forEach for perf reasons (trying to avoid #call)
          for (index = 0, length = collectionKeys.length; index < length; index++) {
            key = (collection === collectionKeys) ? index : collectionKeys[index];
            value = collection[key];
            block = nextBlockOrder[index];
            if (nextBlockOrder[index - 1]) previousNode = getBlockEnd(nextBlockOrder[index - 1]);

            if (block.scope) {
              // if we have already seen this object, then we need to reuse the
              // associated scope/element
              nextNode = previousNode;
              do {
                nextNode = nextNode.nextSibling;
              } while(nextNode && nextNode[NG_REMOVED]);

              if (getBlockStart(block) != nextNode) {
                // existing item which got moved
                $animate.move(getBlockElements(block.clone), null, jqLite(previousNode));
              }
              previousNode = getBlockEnd(block);
              updateScope(block.scope, index);
            } else {
              // new item which we don't know about
              $transclude(function(clone, scope) {
                block.scope = scope;
                clone[clone.length++] = document.createComment(' end ngRepeat: ' + expression + ' ');
                $animate.enter(clone, null, jqLite(previousNode));
                previousNode = clone;
                // Note: We only need the first/last node of the cloned nodes.
                // However, we need to keep the reference to the jqlite wrapper as it might be changed later
                // by a directive with templateUrl when its template arrives.
                block.clone = clone;
                nextBlockMap[block.id] = block;
                updateScope(block.scope, index);
              });
            }
          }
          lastBlockMap = nextBlockMap;
        });
    }
  };

  function getBlockStart(block) {
    return block.clone[0];
  }

  function getBlockEnd(block) {
    return block.clone[block.clone.length - 1];
  }
}];

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngShow
 *
 * @description
 * The `ngShow` directive shows or hides the given HTML element based on the expression
 * provided to the ngShow attribute. The element is shown or hidden by removing or adding
 * the `ng-hide` CSS class onto the element. The `.ng-hide` CSS class is predefined
 * in AngularJS and sets the display style to none (using an !important flag).
 * For CSP mode please add `angular-csp.css` to your html file (see {@link ng.directive:ngCsp ngCsp}).
 *
 * ```html
 * <!-- when $scope.myValue is truthy (element is visible) -->
 * <div ng-show="myValue"></div>
 *
 * <!-- when $scope.myValue is falsy (element is hidden) -->
 * <div ng-show="myValue" class="ng-hide"></div>
 * ```
 *
 * When the ngShow expression evaluates to a falsy value then the ng-hide CSS class is added to the class
 * attribute on the element causing it to become hidden. When truthy, the ng-hide CSS class is removed
 * from the element causing the element not to appear hidden.
 *
 * ## Why is !important used?
 *
 * You may be wondering why !important is used for the .ng-hide CSS class. This is because the `.ng-hide` selector
 * can be easily overridden by heavier selectors. For example, something as simple
 * as changing the display style on a HTML list item would make hidden elements appear visible.
 * This also becomes a bigger issue when dealing with CSS frameworks.
 *
 * By using !important, the show and hide behavior will work as expected despite any clash between CSS selector
 * specificity (when !important isn't used with any conflicting styles). If a developer chooses to override the
 * styling to change how to hide an element then it is just a matter of using !important in their own CSS code.
 *
 * ### Overriding .ng-hide
 *
 * By default, the `.ng-hide` class will style the element with `display:none!important`. If you wish to change
 * the hide behavior with ngShow/ngHide then this can be achieved by restating the styles for the `.ng-hide`
 * class in CSS:
 *
 * ```css
 * .ng-hide {
 *   /&#42; this is just another form of hiding an element &#42;/
 *   display:block!important;
 *   position:absolute;
 *   top:-9999px;
 *   left:-9999px;
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * By default you don't need to override in CSS anything and the animations will work around the display style.
 *
 * ## A note about animations with ngShow
 *
 * Animations in ngShow/ngHide work with the show and hide events that are triggered when the directive expression
 * is true and false. This system works like the animation system present with ngClass except that
 * you must also include the !important flag to override the display property
 * so that you can perform an animation when the element is hidden during the time of the animation.
 *
 * ```css
 * //
 * //a working example can be found at the bottom of this page
 * //
 * .my-element.ng-hide-add, .my-element.ng-hide-remove {
 *   /&#42; this is required as of 1.3x to properly
 *      apply all styling in a show/hide animation &#42;/
 *   transition:0s linear all;
 * }
 *
 * .my-element.ng-hide-add-active,
 * .my-element.ng-hide-remove-active {
 *   /&#42; the transition is defined in the active class &#42;/
 *   transition:1s linear all;
 * }
 *
 * .my-element.ng-hide-add { ... }
 * .my-element.ng-hide-add.ng-hide-add-active { ... }
 * .my-element.ng-hide-remove { ... }
 * .my-element.ng-hide-remove.ng-hide-remove-active { ... }
 * ```
 *
 * Keep in mind that, as of AngularJS version 1.3.0-beta.11, there is no need to change the display
 * property to block during animation states--ngAnimate will handle the style toggling automatically for you.
 *
 * @animations
 * addClass: .ng-hide - happens after the ngShow expression evaluates to a truthy value and the just before contents are set to visible
 * removeClass: .ng-hide - happens after the ngShow expression evaluates to a non truthy value and just before the contents are set to hidden
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {expression} ngShow If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy
 *     then the element is shown or hidden respectively.
 *
 * @example
  <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
    <file name="index.html">
      Click me: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked"><br/>
      <div>
        Show:
        <div class="check-element animate-show" ng-show="checked">
          <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-up"></span> I show up when your checkbox is checked.
        </div>
      </div>
      <div>
        Hide:
        <div class="check-element animate-show" ng-hide="checked">
          <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-down"></span> I hide when your checkbox is checked.
        </div>
      </div>
    </file>
    <file name="glyphicons.css">
      @import url(//netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.0.0/css/bootstrap-glyphicons.css);
    </file>
    <file name="animations.css">
      .animate-show {
        line-height:20px;
        opacity:1;
        padding:10px;
        border:1px solid black;
        background:white;
      }

      .animate-show.ng-hide-add.ng-hide-add-active,
      .animate-show.ng-hide-remove.ng-hide-remove-active {
        -webkit-transition:all linear 0.5s;
        transition:all linear 0.5s;
      }

      .animate-show.ng-hide {
        line-height:0;
        opacity:0;
        padding:0 10px;
      }

      .check-element {
        padding:10px;
        border:1px solid black;
        background:white;
      }
    </file>
    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
      var thumbsUp = element(by.css('span.glyphicon-thumbs-up'));
      var thumbsDown = element(by.css('span.glyphicon-thumbs-down'));

      it('should check ng-show / ng-hide', function() {
        expect(thumbsUp.isDisplayed()).toBeFalsy();
        expect(thumbsDown.isDisplayed()).toBeTruthy();

        element(by.model('checked')).click();

        expect(thumbsUp.isDisplayed()).toBeTruthy();
        expect(thumbsDown.isDisplayed()).toBeFalsy();
      });
    </file>
  </example>
 */
var ngShowDirective = ['$animate', function($animate) {
  return {
    restrict: 'A',
    multiElement: true,
    link: function(scope, element, attr) {
      scope.$watch(attr.ngShow, function ngShowWatchAction(value){
        $animate[value ? 'removeClass' : 'addClass'](element, 'ng-hide');
      });
    }
  };
}];


/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngHide
 *
 * @description
 * The `ngHide` directive shows or hides the given HTML element based on the expression
 * provided to the ngHide attribute. The element is shown or hidden by removing or adding
 * the `ng-hide` CSS class onto the element. The `.ng-hide` CSS class is predefined
 * in AngularJS and sets the display style to none (using an !important flag).
 * For CSP mode please add `angular-csp.css` to your html file (see {@link ng.directive:ngCsp ngCsp}).
 *
 * ```html
 * <!-- when $scope.myValue is truthy (element is hidden) -->
 * <div ng-hide="myValue" class="ng-hide"></div>
 *
 * <!-- when $scope.myValue is falsy (element is visible) -->
 * <div ng-hide="myValue"></div>
 * ```
 *
 * When the ngHide expression evaluates to a truthy value then the .ng-hide CSS class is added to the class
 * attribute on the element causing it to become hidden. When falsy, the ng-hide CSS class is removed
 * from the element causing the element not to appear hidden.
 *
 * ## Why is !important used?
 *
 * You may be wondering why !important is used for the .ng-hide CSS class. This is because the `.ng-hide` selector
 * can be easily overridden by heavier selectors. For example, something as simple
 * as changing the display style on a HTML list item would make hidden elements appear visible.
 * This also becomes a bigger issue when dealing with CSS frameworks.
 *
 * By using !important, the show and hide behavior will work as expected despite any clash between CSS selector
 * specificity (when !important isn't used with any conflicting styles). If a developer chooses to override the
 * styling to change how to hide an element then it is just a matter of using !important in their own CSS code.
 *
 * ### Overriding .ng-hide
 *
 * By default, the `.ng-hide` class will style the element with `display:none!important`. If you wish to change
 * the hide behavior with ngShow/ngHide then this can be achieved by restating the styles for the `.ng-hide`
 * class in CSS:
 *
 * ```css
 * .ng-hide {
 *   /&#42; this is just another form of hiding an element &#42;/
 *   display:block!important;
 *   position:absolute;
 *   top:-9999px;
 *   left:-9999px;
 * }
 * ```
 *
 * By default you don't need to override in CSS anything and the animations will work around the display style.
 *
 * ## A note about animations with ngHide
 *
 * Animations in ngShow/ngHide work with the show and hide events that are triggered when the directive expression
 * is true and false. This system works like the animation system present with ngClass, except that the `.ng-hide`
 * CSS class is added and removed for you instead of your own CSS class.
 *
 * ```css
 * //
 * //a working example can be found at the bottom of this page
 * //
 * .my-element.ng-hide-add, .my-element.ng-hide-remove {
 *   transition:0.5s linear all;
 * }
 *
 * .my-element.ng-hide-add { ... }
 * .my-element.ng-hide-add.ng-hide-add-active { ... }
 * .my-element.ng-hide-remove { ... }
 * .my-element.ng-hide-remove.ng-hide-remove-active { ... }
 * ```
 *
 * Keep in mind that, as of AngularJS version 1.3.0-beta.11, there is no need to change the display
 * property to block during animation states--ngAnimate will handle the style toggling automatically for you.
 *
 * @animations
 * removeClass: .ng-hide - happens after the ngHide expression evaluates to a truthy value and just before the contents are set to hidden
 * addClass: .ng-hide - happens after the ngHide expression evaluates to a non truthy value and just before the contents are set to visible
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {expression} ngHide If the {@link guide/expression expression} is truthy then
 *     the element is shown or hidden respectively.
 *
 * @example
  <example module="ngAnimate" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
    <file name="index.html">
      Click me: <input type="checkbox" ng-model="checked"><br/>
      <div>
        Show:
        <div class="check-element animate-hide" ng-show="checked">
          <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-up"></span> I show up when your checkbox is checked.
        </div>
      </div>
      <div>
        Hide:
        <div class="check-element animate-hide" ng-hide="checked">
          <span class="glyphicon glyphicon-thumbs-down"></span> I hide when your checkbox is checked.
        </div>
      </div>
    </file>
    <file name="glyphicons.css">
      @import url(//netdna.bootstrapcdn.com/bootstrap/3.0.0/css/bootstrap-glyphicons.css);
    </file>
    <file name="animations.css">
      .animate-hide {
        -webkit-transition:all linear 0.5s;
        transition:all linear 0.5s;
        line-height:20px;
        opacity:1;
        padding:10px;
        border:1px solid black;
        background:white;
      }

      .animate-hide.ng-hide {
        line-height:0;
        opacity:0;
        padding:0 10px;
      }

      .check-element {
        padding:10px;
        border:1px solid black;
        background:white;
      }
    </file>
    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
      var thumbsUp = element(by.css('span.glyphicon-thumbs-up'));
      var thumbsDown = element(by.css('span.glyphicon-thumbs-down'));

      it('should check ng-show / ng-hide', function() {
        expect(thumbsUp.isDisplayed()).toBeFalsy();
        expect(thumbsDown.isDisplayed()).toBeTruthy();

        element(by.model('checked')).click();

        expect(thumbsUp.isDisplayed()).toBeTruthy();
        expect(thumbsDown.isDisplayed()).toBeFalsy();
      });
    </file>
  </example>
 */
var ngHideDirective = ['$animate', function($animate) {
  return {
    restrict: 'A',
    multiElement: true,
    link: function(scope, element, attr) {
      scope.$watch(attr.ngHide, function ngHideWatchAction(value){
        $animate[value ? 'addClass' : 'removeClass'](element, 'ng-hide');
      });
    }
  };
}];

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngStyle
 * @restrict AC
 *
 * @description
 * The `ngStyle` directive allows you to set CSS style on an HTML element conditionally.
 *
 * @element ANY
 * @param {expression} ngStyle
 *
 * {@link guide/expression Expression} which evals to an
 * object whose keys are CSS style names and values are corresponding values for those CSS
 * keys.
 *
 * Since some CSS style names are not valid keys for an object, they must be quoted.
 * See the 'background-color' style in the example below.
 *
 * @example
   <example>
     <file name="index.html">
        <input type="button" value="set color" ng-click="myStyle={color:'red'}">
        <input type="button" value="set background" ng-click="myStyle={'background-color':'blue'}">
        <input type="button" value="clear" ng-click="myStyle={}">
        <br/>
        <span ng-style="myStyle">Sample Text</span>
        <pre>myStyle={{myStyle}}</pre>
     </file>
     <file name="style.css">
       span {
         color: black;
       }
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
       var colorSpan = element(by.css('span'));

       it('should check ng-style', function() {
         expect(colorSpan.getCssValue('color')).toBe('rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)');
         element(by.css('input[value=\'set color\']')).click();
         expect(colorSpan.getCssValue('color')).toBe('rgba(255, 0, 0, 1)');
         element(by.css('input[value=clear]')).click();
         expect(colorSpan.getCssValue('color')).toBe('rgba(0, 0, 0, 1)');
       });
     </file>
   </example>
 */
var ngStyleDirective = ngDirective(function(scope, element, attr) {
  scope.$watch(attr.ngStyle, function ngStyleWatchAction(newStyles, oldStyles) {
    if (oldStyles && (newStyles !== oldStyles)) {
      forEach(oldStyles, function(val, style) { element.css(style, '');});
    }
    if (newStyles) element.css(newStyles);
  }, true);
});

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngSwitch
 * @restrict EA
 *
 * @description
 * The `ngSwitch` directive is used to conditionally swap DOM structure on your template based on a scope expression.
 * Elements within `ngSwitch` but without `ngSwitchWhen` or `ngSwitchDefault` directives will be preserved at the location
 * as specified in the template.
 *
 * The directive itself works similar to ngInclude, however, instead of downloading template code (or loading it
 * from the template cache), `ngSwitch` simply chooses one of the nested elements and makes it visible based on which element
 * matches the value obtained from the evaluated expression. In other words, you define a container element
 * (where you place the directive), place an expression on the **`on="..."` attribute**
 * (or the **`ng-switch="..."` attribute**), define any inner elements inside of the directive and place
 * a when attribute per element. The when attribute is used to inform ngSwitch which element to display when the on
 * expression is evaluated. If a matching expression is not found via a when attribute then an element with the default
 * attribute is displayed.
 *
 * <div class="alert alert-info">
 * Be aware that the attribute values to match against cannot be expressions. They are interpreted
 * as literal string values to match against.
 * For example, **`ng-switch-when="someVal"`** will match against the string `"someVal"` not against the
 * value of the expression `$scope.someVal`.
 * </div>

 * @animations
 * enter - happens after the ngSwitch contents change and the matched child element is placed inside the container
 * leave - happens just after the ngSwitch contents change and just before the former contents are removed from the DOM
 *
 * @usage
 *
 * ```
 * <ANY ng-switch="expression">
 *   <ANY ng-switch-when="matchValue1">...</ANY>
 *   <ANY ng-switch-when="matchValue2">...</ANY>
 *   <ANY ng-switch-default>...</ANY>
 * </ANY>
 * ```
 *
 *
 * @scope
 * @priority 800
 * @param {*} ngSwitch|on expression to match against <tt>ng-switch-when</tt>.
 * On child elements add:
 *
 * * `ngSwitchWhen`: the case statement to match against. If match then this
 *   case will be displayed. If the same match appears multiple times, all the
 *   elements will be displayed.
 * * `ngSwitchDefault`: the default case when no other case match. If there
 *   are multiple default cases, all of them will be displayed when no other
 *   case match.
 *
 *
 * @example
  <example module="switchExample" deps="angular-animate.js" animations="true">
    <file name="index.html">
      <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
        <select ng-model="selection" ng-options="item for item in items">
        </select>
        <tt>selection={{selection}}</tt>
        <hr/>
        <div class="animate-switch-container"
          ng-switch on="selection">
            <div class="animate-switch" ng-switch-when="settings">Settings Div</div>
            <div class="animate-switch" ng-switch-when="home">Home Span</div>
            <div class="animate-switch" ng-switch-default>default</div>
        </div>
      </div>
    </file>
    <file name="script.js">
      angular.module('switchExample', ['ngAnimate'])
        .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
          $scope.items = ['settings', 'home', 'other'];
          $scope.selection = $scope.items[0];
        }]);
    </file>
    <file name="animations.css">
      .animate-switch-container {
        position:relative;
        background:white;
        border:1px solid black;
        height:40px;
        overflow:hidden;
      }

      .animate-switch {
        padding:10px;
      }

      .animate-switch.ng-animate {
        -webkit-transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;
        transition:all cubic-bezier(0.250, 0.460, 0.450, 0.940) 0.5s;

        position:absolute;
        top:0;
        left:0;
        right:0;
        bottom:0;
      }

      .animate-switch.ng-leave.ng-leave-active,
      .animate-switch.ng-enter {
        top:-50px;
      }
      .animate-switch.ng-leave,
      .animate-switch.ng-enter.ng-enter-active {
        top:0;
      }
    </file>
    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
      var switchElem = element(by.css('[ng-switch]'));
      var select = element(by.model('selection'));

      it('should start in settings', function() {
        expect(switchElem.getText()).toMatch(/Settings Div/);
      });
      it('should change to home', function() {
        select.all(by.css('option')).get(1).click();
        expect(switchElem.getText()).toMatch(/Home Span/);
      });
      it('should select default', function() {
        select.all(by.css('option')).get(2).click();
        expect(switchElem.getText()).toMatch(/default/);
      });
    </file>
  </example>
 */
var ngSwitchDirective = ['$animate', function($animate) {
  return {
    restrict: 'EA',
    require: 'ngSwitch',

    // asks for $scope to fool the BC controller module
    controller: ['$scope', function ngSwitchController() {
     this.cases = {};
    }],
    link: function(scope, element, attr, ngSwitchController) {
      var watchExpr = attr.ngSwitch || attr.on,
          selectedTranscludes = [],
          selectedElements = [],
          previousElements = [],
          selectedScopes = [];

      scope.$watch(watchExpr, function ngSwitchWatchAction(value) {
        var i, ii;
        for (i = 0, ii = previousElements.length; i < ii; ++i) {
          previousElements[i].remove();
        }
        previousElements.length = 0;

        for (i = 0, ii = selectedScopes.length; i < ii; ++i) {
          var selected = getBlockElements(selectedElements[i].clone);
          selectedScopes[i].$destroy();
          previousElements[i] = selected;
          $animate.leave(selected, function() {
            previousElements.splice(i, 1);
          });
        }

        selectedElements.length = 0;
        selectedScopes.length = 0;

        if ((selectedTranscludes = ngSwitchController.cases['!' + value] || ngSwitchController.cases['?'])) {
          scope.$eval(attr.change);
          forEach(selectedTranscludes, function(selectedTransclude) {
            selectedTransclude.transclude(function(caseElement, selectedScope) {
              selectedScopes.push(selectedScope);
              var anchor = selectedTransclude.element;
              caseElement[caseElement.length++] = document.createComment(' end ngSwitchWhen: ');
              var block = { clone: caseElement };

              selectedElements.push(block);
              $animate.enter(caseElement, anchor.parent(), anchor);
            });
          });
        }
      });
    }
  };
}];

var ngSwitchWhenDirective = ngDirective({
  transclude: 'element',
  priority: 1200,
  require: '^ngSwitch',
  multiElement: true,
  link: function(scope, element, attrs, ctrl, $transclude) {
    ctrl.cases['!' + attrs.ngSwitchWhen] = (ctrl.cases['!' + attrs.ngSwitchWhen] || []);
    ctrl.cases['!' + attrs.ngSwitchWhen].push({ transclude: $transclude, element: element });
  }
});

var ngSwitchDefaultDirective = ngDirective({
  transclude: 'element',
  priority: 1200,
  require: '^ngSwitch',
  multiElement: true,
  link: function(scope, element, attr, ctrl, $transclude) {
    ctrl.cases['?'] = (ctrl.cases['?'] || []);
    ctrl.cases['?'].push({ transclude: $transclude, element: element });
   }
});

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ngTransclude
 * @restrict EAC
 *
 * @description
 * Directive that marks the insertion point for the transcluded DOM of the nearest parent directive that uses transclusion.
 *
 * Any existing content of the element that this directive is placed on will be removed before the transcluded content is inserted.
 *
 * @element ANY
 *
 * @example
   <example module="transcludeExample">
     <file name="index.html">
       <script>
         angular.module('transcludeExample', [])
          .directive('pane', function(){
             return {
               restrict: 'E',
               transclude: true,
               scope: { title:'@' },
               template: '<div style="border: 1px solid black;">' +
                           '<div style="background-color: gray">{{title}}</div>' +
                           '<ng-transclude></ng-transclude>' +
                         '</div>'
             };
         })
         .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
           $scope.title = 'Lorem Ipsum';
           $scope.text = 'Neque porro quisquam est qui dolorem ipsum quia dolor...';
         }]);
       </script>
       <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
         <input ng-model="title"><br>
         <textarea ng-model="text"></textarea> <br/>
         <pane title="{{title}}">{{text}}</pane>
       </div>
     </file>
     <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
        it('should have transcluded', function() {
          var titleElement = element(by.model('title'));
          titleElement.clear();
          titleElement.sendKeys('TITLE');
          var textElement = element(by.model('text'));
          textElement.clear();
          textElement.sendKeys('TEXT');
          expect(element(by.binding('title')).getText()).toEqual('TITLE');
          expect(element(by.binding('text')).getText()).toEqual('TEXT');
        });
     </file>
   </example>
 *
 */
var ngTranscludeDirective = ngDirective({
  restrict: 'EAC',
  link: function($scope, $element, $attrs, controller, $transclude) {
    if (!$transclude) {
      throw minErr('ngTransclude')('orphan',
       'Illegal use of ngTransclude directive in the template! ' +
       'No parent directive that requires a transclusion found. ' +
       'Element: {0}',
       startingTag($element));
    }

    $transclude(function(clone) {
      $element.empty();
      $element.append(clone);
    });
  }
});

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name script
 * @restrict E
 *
 * @description
 * Load the content of a `<script>` element into {@link ng.$templateCache `$templateCache`}, so that the
 * template can be used by {@link ng.directive:ngInclude `ngInclude`},
 * {@link ngRoute.directive:ngView `ngView`}, or {@link guide/directive directives}. The type of the
 * `<script>` element must be specified as `text/ng-template`, and a cache name for the template must be
 * assigned through the element's `id`, which can then be used as a directive's `templateUrl`.
 *
 * @param {string} type Must be set to `'text/ng-template'`.
 * @param {string} id Cache name of the template.
 *
 * @example
  <example>
    <file name="index.html">
      <script type="text/ng-template" id="/tpl.html">
        Content of the template.
      </script>

      <a ng-click="currentTpl='/tpl.html'" id="tpl-link">Load inlined template</a>
      <div id="tpl-content" ng-include src="currentTpl"></div>
    </file>
    <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
      it('should load template defined inside script tag', function() {
        element(by.css('#tpl-link')).click();
        expect(element(by.css('#tpl-content')).getText()).toMatch(/Content of the template/);
      });
    </file>
  </example>
 */
var scriptDirective = ['$templateCache', function($templateCache) {
  return {
    restrict: 'E',
    terminal: true,
    compile: function(element, attr) {
      if (attr.type == 'text/ng-template') {
        var templateUrl = attr.id,
            // IE is not consistent, in scripts we have to read .text but in other nodes we have to read .textContent
            text = element[0].text;

        $templateCache.put(templateUrl, text);
      }
    }
  };
}];

var ngOptionsMinErr = minErr('ngOptions');
/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name select
 * @restrict E
 *
 * @description
 * HTML `SELECT` element with angular data-binding.
 *
 * # `ngOptions`
 *
 * The `ngOptions` attribute can be used to dynamically generate a list of `<option>`
 * elements for the `<select>` element using the array or object obtained by evaluating the
 * `ngOptions` comprehension_expression.
 *
 * When an item in the `<select>` menu is selected, the array element or object property
 * represented by the selected option will be bound to the model identified by the `ngModel`
 * directive.
 *
 * <div class="alert alert-warning">
 * **Note:** `ngModel` compares by reference, not value. This is important when binding to an
 * array of objects. See an example [in this jsfiddle](http://jsfiddle.net/qWzTb/).
 * </div>
 *
 * Optionally, a single hard-coded `<option>` element, with the value set to an empty string, can
 * be nested into the `<select>` element. This element will then represent the `null` or "not selected"
 * option. See example below for demonstration.
 *
 * <div class="alert alert-warning">
 * **Note:** `ngOptions` provides an iterator facility for the `<option>` element which should be used instead
 * of {@link ng.directive:ngRepeat ngRepeat} when you want the
 * `select` model to be bound to a non-string value. This is because an option element can only
 * be bound to string values at present.
 * </div>
 *
 * @param {string} ngModel Assignable angular expression to data-bind to.
 * @param {string=} name Property name of the form under which the control is published.
 * @param {string=} required The control is considered valid only if value is entered.
 * @param {string=} ngRequired Adds `required` attribute and `required` validation constraint to
 *    the element when the ngRequired expression evaluates to true. Use `ngRequired` instead of
 *    `required` when you want to data-bind to the `required` attribute.
 * @param {comprehension_expression=} ngOptions in one of the following forms:
 *
 *   * for array data sources:
 *     * `label` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array`
 *     * `select` **`as`** `label` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array`
 *     * `label`  **`group by`** `group` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array`
 *     * `select` **`as`** `label` **`group by`** `group` **`for`** `value` **`in`** `array` **`track by`** `trackexpr`
 *   * for object data sources:
 *     * `label` **`for (`**`key` **`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
 *     * `select` **`as`** `label` **`for (`**`key` **`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
 *     * `label` **`group by`** `group` **`for (`**`key`**`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
 *     * `select` **`as`** `label` **`group by`** `group`
 *         **`for` `(`**`key`**`,`** `value`**`) in`** `object`
 *
 * Where:
 *
 *   * `array` / `object`: an expression which evaluates to an array / object to iterate over.
 *   * `value`: local variable which will refer to each item in the `array` or each property value
 *      of `object` during iteration.
 *   * `key`: local variable which will refer to a property name in `object` during iteration.
 *   * `label`: The result of this expression will be the label for `<option>` element. The
 *     `expression` will most likely refer to the `value` variable (e.g. `value.propertyName`).
 *   * `select`: The result of this expression will be bound to the model of the parent `<select>`
 *      element. If not specified, `select` expression will default to `value`.
 *   * `group`: The result of this expression will be used to group options using the `<optgroup>`
 *      DOM element.
 *   * `trackexpr`: Used when working with an array of objects. The result of this expression will be
 *      used to identify the objects in the array. The `trackexpr` will most likely refer to the
 *     `value` variable (e.g. `value.propertyName`).
 *
 * @example
    <example module="selectExample">
      <file name="index.html">
        <script>
        angular.module('selectExample', [])
          .controller('ExampleController', ['$scope', function($scope) {
            $scope.colors = [
              {name:'black', shade:'dark'},
              {name:'white', shade:'light'},
              {name:'red', shade:'dark'},
              {name:'blue', shade:'dark'},
              {name:'yellow', shade:'light'}
            ];
            $scope.myColor = $scope.colors[2]; // red
          }]);
        </script>
        <div ng-controller="ExampleController">
          <ul>
            <li ng-repeat="color in colors">
              Name: <input ng-model="color.name">
              [<a href ng-click="colors.splice($index, 1)">X</a>]
            </li>
            <li>
              [<a href ng-click="colors.push({})">add</a>]
            </li>
          </ul>
          <hr/>
          Color (null not allowed):
          <select ng-model="myColor" ng-options="color.name for color in colors"></select><br>

          Color (null allowed):
          <span  class="nullable">
            <select ng-model="myColor" ng-options="color.name for color in colors">
              <option value="">-- choose color --</option>
            </select>
          </span><br/>

          Color grouped by shade:
          <select ng-model="myColor" ng-options="color.name group by color.shade for color in colors">
          </select><br/>


          Select <a href ng-click="myColor = { name:'not in list', shade: 'other' }">bogus</a>.<br>
          <hr/>
          Currently selected: {{ {selected_color:myColor}  }}
          <div style="border:solid 1px black; height:20px"
               ng-style="{'background-color':myColor.name}">
          </div>
        </div>
      </file>
      <file name="protractor.js" type="protractor">
         it('should check ng-options', function() {
           expect(element(by.binding('{selected_color:myColor}')).getText()).toMatch('red');
           element.all(by.model('myColor')).first().click();
           element.all(by.css('select[ng-model="myColor"] option')).first().click();
           expect(element(by.binding('{selected_color:myColor}')).getText()).toMatch('black');
           element(by.css('.nullable select[ng-model="myColor"]')).click();
           element.all(by.css('.nullable select[ng-model="myColor"] option')).first().click();
           expect(element(by.binding('{selected_color:myColor}')).getText()).toMatch('null');
         });
      </file>
    </example>
 */

var ngOptionsDirective = valueFn({
  restrict: 'A',
  terminal: true
});

// jshint maxlen: false
var selectDirective = ['$compile', '$parse', function($compile,   $parse) {
                         //000011111111110000000000022222222220000000000000000000003333333333000000000000004444444444444440000000005555555555555550000000666666666666666000000000000000777777777700000000000000000008888888888
  var NG_OPTIONS_REGEXP = /^\s*([\s\S]+?)(?:\s+as\s+([\s\S]+?))?(?:\s+group\s+by\s+([\s\S]+?))?\s+for\s+(?:([\$\w][\$\w]*)|(?:\(\s*([\$\w][\$\w]*)\s*,\s*([\$\w][\$\w]*)\s*\)))\s+in\s+([\s\S]+?)(?:\s+track\s+by\s+([\s\S]+?))?$/,
      nullModelCtrl = {$setViewValue: noop};
// jshint maxlen: 100

  return {
    restrict: 'E',
    require: ['select', '?ngModel'],
    controller: ['$element', '$scope', '$attrs', function($element, $scope, $attrs) {
      var self = this,
          optionsMap = {},
          ngModelCtrl = nullModelCtrl,
          nullOption,
          unknownOption;


      self.databound = $attrs.ngModel;


      self.init = function(ngModelCtrl_, nullOption_, unknownOption_) {
        ngModelCtrl = ngModelCtrl_;
        nullOption = nullOption_;
        unknownOption = unknownOption_;
      };


      self.addOption = function(value, element) {
        assertNotHasOwnProperty(value, '"option value"');
        optionsMap[value] = true;

        if (ngModelCtrl.$viewValue == value) {
          $element.val(value);
          if (unknownOption.parent()) unknownOption.remove();
        }
        // Workaround for https://code.google.com/p/chromium/issues/detail?id=381459
        // Adding an <option selected="selected"> element to a <select required="required"> should
        // automatically select the new element
        if (element[0].hasAttribute('selected')) {
          element[0].selected = true;
        }
      };


      self.removeOption = function(value) {
        if (this.hasOption(value)) {
          delete optionsMap[value];
          if (ngModelCtrl.$viewValue == value) {
            this.renderUnknownOption(value);
          }
        }
      };


      self.renderUnknownOption = function(val) {
        var unknownVal = '? ' + hashKey(val) + ' ?';
        unknownOption.val(unknownVal);
        $element.prepend(unknownOption);
        $element.val(unknownVal);
        unknownOption.prop('selected', true); // needed for IE
      };


      self.hasOption = function(value) {
        return optionsMap.hasOwnProperty(value);
      };

      $scope.$on('$destroy', function() {
        // disable unknown option so that we don't do work when the whole select is being destroyed
        self.renderUnknownOption = noop;
      });
    }],

    link: function(scope, element, attr, ctrls) {
      // if ngModel is not defined, we don't need to do anything
      if (!ctrls[1]) return;

      var selectCtrl = ctrls[0],
          ngModelCtrl = ctrls[1],
          multiple = attr.multiple,
          optionsExp = attr.ngOptions,
          nullOption = false, // if false, user will not be able to select it (used by ngOptions)
          emptyOption,
          // we can't just jqLite('<option>') since jqLite is not smart enough
          // to create it in <select> and IE barfs otherwise.
          optionTemplate = jqLite(document.createElement('option')),
          optGroupTemplate =jqLite(document.createElement('optgroup')),
          unknownOption = optionTemplate.clone();

      // find "null" option
      for(var i = 0, children = element.children(), ii = children.length; i < ii; i++) {
        if (children[i].value === '') {
          emptyOption = nullOption = children.eq(i);
          break;
        }
      }

      selectCtrl.init(ngModelCtrl, nullOption, unknownOption);

      // required validator
      if (multiple) {
        ngModelCtrl.$isEmpty = function(value) {
          return !value || value.length === 0;
        };
      }

      if (optionsExp) setupAsOptions(scope, element, ngModelCtrl);
      else if (multiple) setupAsMultiple(scope, element, ngModelCtrl);
      else setupAsSingle(scope, element, ngModelCtrl, selectCtrl);


      ////////////////////////////


      function setupAsSingle(scope, selectElement, ngModelCtrl, selectCtrl) {
        ngModelCtrl.$render = function() {
          var viewValue = ngModelCtrl.$viewValue;

          if (selectCtrl.hasOption(viewValue)) {
            if (unknownOption.parent()) unknownOption.remove();
            selectElement.val(viewValue);
            if (viewValue === '') emptyOption.prop('selected', true); // to make IE9 happy
          } else {
            if (isUndefined(viewValue) && emptyOption) {
              selectElement.val('');
            } else {
              selectCtrl.renderUnknownOption(viewValue);
            }
          }
        };

        selectElement.on('change', function() {
          scope.$apply(function() {
            if (unknownOption.parent()) unknownOption.remove();
            ngModelCtrl.$setViewValue(selectElement.val());
          });
        });
      }

      function setupAsMultiple(scope, selectElement, ctrl) {
        var lastView;
        ctrl.$render = function() {
          var items = new HashMap(ctrl.$viewValue);
          forEach(selectElement.find('option'), function(option) {
            option.selected = isDefined(items.get(option.value));
          });
        };

        // we have to do it on each watch since ngModel watches reference, but
        // we need to work of an array, so we need to see if anything was inserted/removed
        scope.$watch(function selectMultipleWatch() {
          if (!equals(lastView, ctrl.$viewValue)) {
            lastView = shallowCopy(ctrl.$viewValue);
            ctrl.$render();
          }
        });

        selectElement.on('change', function() {
          scope.$apply(function() {
            var array = [];
            forEach(selectElement.find('option'), function(option) {
              if (option.selected) {
                array.push(option.value);
              }
            });
            ctrl.$setViewValue(array);
          });
        });
      }

      function setupAsOptions(scope, selectElement, ctrl) {
        var match;

        if (!(match = optionsExp.match(NG_OPTIONS_REGEXP))) {
          throw ngOptionsMinErr('iexp',
            "Expected expression in form of " +
            "'_select_ (as _label_)? for (_key_,)?_value_ in _collection_'" +
            " but got '{0}'. Element: {1}",
            optionsExp, startingTag(selectElement));
        }

        var displayFn = $parse(match[2] || match[1]),
            valueName = match[4] || match[6],
            keyName = match[5],
            groupByFn = $parse(match[3] || ''),
            valueFn = $parse(match[2] ? match[1] : valueName),
            valuesFn = $parse(match[7]),
            track = match[8],
            trackFn = track ? $parse(match[8]) : null,
            // This is an array of array of existing option groups in DOM.
            // We try to reuse these if possible
            // - optionGroupsCache[0] is the options with no option group
            // - optionGroupsCache[?][0] is the parent: either the SELECT or OPTGROUP element
            optionGroupsCache = [[{element: selectElement, label:''}]];

        if (nullOption) {
          // compile the element since there might be bindings in it
          $compile(nullOption)(scope);

          // remove the class, which is added automatically because we recompile the element and it
          // becomes the compilation root
          nullOption.removeClass('ng-scope');

          // we need to remove it before calling selectElement.empty() because otherwise IE will
          // remove the label from the element. wtf?
          nullOption.remove();
        }

        // clear contents, we'll add what's needed based on the model
        selectElement.empty();

        selectElement.on('change', function() {
          scope.$apply(function() {
            var optionGroup,
                collection = valuesFn(scope) || [],
                locals = {},
                key, value, optionElement, index, groupIndex, length, groupLength, trackIndex;

            if (multiple) {
              value = [];
              for (groupIndex = 0, groupLength = optionGroupsCache.length;
                   groupIndex < groupLength;
                   groupIndex++) {
                // list of options for that group. (first item has the parent)
                optionGroup = optionGroupsCache[groupIndex];

                for(index = 1, length = optionGroup.length; index < length; index++) {
                  if ((optionElement = optionGroup[index].element)[0].selected) {
                    key = optionElement.val();
                    if (keyName) locals[keyName] = key;
                    if (trackFn) {
                      for (trackIndex = 0; trackIndex < collection.length; trackIndex++) {
                        locals[valueName] = collection[trackIndex];
                        if (trackFn(scope, locals) == key) break;
                      }
                    } else {
                      locals[valueName] = collection[key];
                    }
                    value.push(valueFn(scope, locals));
                  }
                }
              }
            } else {
              key = selectElement.val();
              if (key == '?') {
                value = undefined;
              } else if (key === ''){
                value = null;
              } else {
                if (trackFn) {
                  for (trackIndex = 0; trackIndex < collection.length; trackIndex++) {
                    locals[valueName] = collection[trackIndex];
                    if (trackFn(scope, locals) == key) {
                      value = valueFn(scope, locals);
                      break;
                    }
                  }
                } else {
                  locals[valueName] = collection[key];
                  if (keyName) locals[keyName] = key;
                  value = valueFn(scope, locals);
                }
              }
              // Update the null option's selected property here so $render cleans it up correctly
              if (optionGroupsCache[0].length > 1) {
                if (optionGroupsCache[0][1].id !== key) {
                  optionGroupsCache[0][1].selected = false;
                }
              }
            }
            ctrl.$setViewValue(value);
          });
        });

        ctrl.$render = render;

        // TODO(vojta): can't we optimize this ?
        scope.$watch(render);

        function render() {
              // Temporary location for the option groups before we render them
          var optionGroups = {'':[]},
              optionGroupNames = [''],
              optionGroupName,
              optionGroup,
              option,
              existingParent, existingOptions, existingOption,
              modelValue = ctrl.$modelValue,
              values = valuesFn(scope) || [],
              keys = keyName ? sortedKeys(values) : values,
              key,
              groupLength, length,
              groupIndex, index,
              locals = {},
              selected,
              selectedSet = false, // nothing is selected yet
              lastElement,
              element,
              label;

          if (multiple) {
            if (trackFn && isArray(modelValue)) {
              selectedSet = new HashMap([]);
              for (var trackIndex = 0; trackIndex < modelValue.length; trackIndex++) {
                locals[valueName] = modelValue[trackIndex];
                selectedSet.put(trackFn(scope, locals), modelValue[trackIndex]);
              }
            } else {
              selectedSet = new HashMap(modelValue);
            }
          }

          // We now build up the list of options we need (we merge later)
          for (index = 0; length = keys.length, index < length; index++) {

            key = index;
            if (keyName) {
              key = keys[index];
              if ( key.charAt(0) === '$' ) continue;
              locals[keyName] = key;
            }

            locals[valueName] = values[key];

            optionGroupName = groupByFn(scope, locals) || '';
            if (!(optionGroup = optionGroups[optionGroupName])) {
              optionGroup = optionGroups[optionGroupName] = [];
              optionGroupNames.push(optionGroupName);
            }
            if (multiple) {
              selected = isDefined(
                selectedSet.remove(trackFn ? trackFn(scope, locals) : valueFn(scope, locals))
              );
            } else {
              if (trackFn) {
                var modelCast = {};
                modelCast[valueName] = modelValue;
                selected = trackFn(scope, modelCast) === trackFn(scope, locals);
              } else {
                selected = modelValue === valueFn(scope, locals);
              }
              selectedSet = selectedSet || selected; // see if at least one item is selected
            }
            label = displayFn(scope, locals); // what will be seen by the user

            // doing displayFn(scope, locals) || '' overwrites zero values
            label = isDefined(label) ? label : '';
            optionGroup.push({
              // either the index into array or key from object
              id: trackFn ? trackFn(scope, locals) : (keyName ? keys[index] : index),
              label: label,
              selected: selected                   // determine if we should be selected
            });
          }
          if (!multiple) {
            if (nullOption || modelValue === null) {
              // insert null option if we have a placeholder, or the model is null
              optionGroups[''].unshift({id:'', label:'', selected:!selectedSet});
            } else if (!selectedSet) {
              // option could not be found, we have to insert the undefined item
              optionGroups[''].unshift({id:'?', label:'', selected:true});
            }
          }

          // Now we need to update the list of DOM nodes to match the optionGroups we computed above
          for (groupIndex = 0, groupLength = optionGroupNames.length;
               groupIndex < groupLength;
               groupIndex++) {
            // current option group name or '' if no group
            optionGroupName = optionGroupNames[groupIndex];

            // list of options for that group. (first item has the parent)
            optionGroup = optionGroups[optionGroupName];

            if (optionGroupsCache.length <= groupIndex) {
              // we need to grow the optionGroups
              existingParent = {
                element: optGroupTemplate.clone().attr('label', optionGroupName),
                label: optionGroup.label
              };
              existingOptions = [existingParent];
              optionGroupsCache.push(existingOptions);
              selectElement.append(existingParent.element);
            } else {
              existingOptions = optionGroupsCache[groupIndex];
              existingParent = existingOptions[0];  // either SELECT (no group) or OPTGROUP element

              // update the OPTGROUP label if not the same.
              if (existingParent.label != optionGroupName) {
                existingParent.element.attr('label', existingParent.label = optionGroupName);
              }
            }

            lastElement = null;  // start at the beginning
            for(index = 0, length = optionGroup.length; index < length; index++) {
              option = optionGroup[index];
              if ((existingOption = existingOptions[index+1])) {
                // reuse elements
                lastElement = existingOption.element;
                if (existingOption.label !== option.label) {
                  lastElement.text(existingOption.label = option.label);
                }
                if (existingOption.id !== option.id) {
                  lastElement.val(existingOption.id = option.id);
                }
                // lastElement.prop('selected') provided by jQuery has side-effects
                if (existingOption.selected !== option.selected) {
                  lastElement.prop('selected', (existingOption.selected = option.selected));
                  if (msie) {
                    // See #7692
                    // The selected item wouldn't visually update on IE without this.
                    // Tested on Win7: IE9, IE10 and IE11. Future IEs should be tested as well
                    lastElement.prop('selected', existingOption.selected);
                  }
                }
              } else {
                // grow elements

                // if it's a null option
                if (option.id === '' && nullOption) {
                  // put back the pre-compiled element
                  element = nullOption;
                } else {
                  // jQuery(v1.4.2) Bug: We should be able to chain the method calls, but
                  // in this version of jQuery on some browser the .text() returns a string
                  // rather then the element.
                  (element = optionTemplate.clone())
                      .val(option.id)
                      .prop('selected', option.selected)
                      .text(option.label);
                }

                existingOptions.push(existingOption = {
                    element: element,
                    label: option.label,
                    id: option.id,
                    selected: option.selected
                });
                if (lastElement) {
                  lastElement.after(element);
                } else {
                  existingParent.element.append(element);
                }
                lastElement = element;
              }
            }
            // remove any excessive OPTIONs in a group
            index++; // increment since the existingOptions[0] is parent element not OPTION
            while(existingOptions.length > index) {
              existingOptions.pop().element.remove();
            }
          }
          // remove any excessive OPTGROUPs from select
          while(optionGroupsCache.length > groupIndex) {
            optionGroupsCache.pop()[0].element.remove();
          }
        }
      }
    }
  };
}];

var optionDirective = ['$interpolate', function($interpolate) {
  var nullSelectCtrl = {
    addOption: noop,
    removeOption: noop
  };

  return {
    restrict: 'E',
    priority: 100,
    compile: function(element, attr) {
      if (isUndefined(attr.value)) {
        var interpolateFn = $interpolate(element.text(), true);
        if (!interpolateFn) {
          attr.$set('value', element.text());
        }
      }

      return function (scope, element, attr) {
        var selectCtrlName = '$selectController',
            parent = element.parent(),
            selectCtrl = parent.data(selectCtrlName) ||
              parent.parent().data(selectCtrlName); // in case we are in optgroup

        if (selectCtrl && selectCtrl.databound) {
          // For some reason Opera defaults to true and if not overridden this messes up the repeater.
          // We don't want the view to drive the initialization of the model anyway.
          element.prop('selected', false);
        } else {
          selectCtrl = nullSelectCtrl;
        }

        if (interpolateFn) {
          scope.$watch(interpolateFn, function interpolateWatchAction(newVal, oldVal) {
            attr.$set('value', newVal);
            if (oldVal !== newVal) {
              selectCtrl.removeOption(oldVal);
            }
            selectCtrl.addOption(newVal, element);
          });
        } else {
          selectCtrl.addOption(attr.value, element);
        }

        element.on('$destroy', function() {
          selectCtrl.removeOption(attr.value);
        });
      };
    }
  };
}];

var styleDirective = valueFn({
  restrict: 'E',
  terminal: false
});

  if (window.angular.bootstrap) {
    //AngularJS is already loaded, so we can return here...
    console.log('WARNING: Tried to load angular more than once.');
    return;
  }

  //try to bind to jquery now so that one can write angular.element().read()
  //but we will rebind on bootstrap again.
  bindJQuery();

  publishExternalAPI(angular);

  jqLite(document).ready(function() {
    angularInit(document, bootstrap);
  });

})(window, document);

!window.angular.$$csp() && window.angular.element(document).find('head').prepend('<style type="text/css">@charset "UTF-8";[ng\\:cloak],[ng-cloak],[data-ng-cloak],[x-ng-cloak],.ng-cloak,.x-ng-cloak,.ng-hide:not(.ng-animate){display:none !important;}ng\\:form{display:block;}</style>');
/**
 * State-based routing for AngularJS
 * @version v0.2.11
 * @link http://angular-ui.github.com/
 * @license MIT License, http://www.opensource.org/licenses/MIT
 */

/* commonjs package manager support (eg componentjs) */

if (typeof module !== "undefined" && typeof exports !== "undefined" && module.exports === exports){
  module.exports = 'ui.router';
}

(function (window, angular, undefined) {
/*jshint globalstrict:true*/
/*global angular:false*/
'use strict';

var isDefined = angular.isDefined,
    isFunction = angular.isFunction,
    isString = angular.isString,
    isObject = angular.isObject,
    isArray = angular.isArray,
    forEach = angular.forEach,
    extend = angular.extend,
    copy = angular.copy;

function inherit(parent, extra) {
  return extend(new (extend(function() {}, { prototype: parent }))(), extra);
}

function merge(dst) {
  forEach(arguments, function(obj) {
    if (obj !== dst) {
      forEach(obj, function(value, key) {
        if (!dst.hasOwnProperty(key)) dst[key] = value;
      });
    }
  });
  return dst;
}

/**
 * Finds the common ancestor path between two states.
 *
 * @param {Object} first The first state.
 * @param {Object} second The second state.
 * @return {Array} Returns an array of state names in descending order, not including the root.
 */
function ancestors(first, second) {
  var path = [];

  for (var n in first.path) {
    if (first.path[n] !== second.path[n]) break;
    path.push(first.path[n]);
  }
  return path;
}

/**
 * IE8-safe wrapper for `Object.keys()`.
 *
 * @param {Object} object A JavaScript object.
 * @return {Array} Returns the keys of the object as an array.
 */
function objectKeys(object) {
  if (Object.keys) {
    return Object.keys(object);
  }
  var result = [];

  angular.forEach(object, function(val, key) {
    result.push(key);
  });
  return result;
}

/**
 * IE8-safe wrapper for `Array.prototype.indexOf()`.
 *
 * @param {Array} array A JavaScript array.
 * @param {*} value A value to search the array for.
 * @return {Number} Returns the array index value of `value`, or `-1` if not present.
 */
function arraySearch(array, value) {
  if (Array.prototype.indexOf) {
    return array.indexOf(value, Number(arguments[2]) || 0);
  }
  var len = array.length >>> 0, from = Number(arguments[2]) || 0;
  from = (from < 0) ? Math.ceil(from) : Math.floor(from);

  if (from < 0) from += len;

  for (; from < len; from++) {
    if (from in array && array[from] === value) return from;
  }
  return -1;
}

/**
 * Merges a set of parameters with all parameters inherited between the common parents of the
 * current state and a given destination state.
 *
 * @param {Object} currentParams The value of the current state parameters ($stateParams).
 * @param {Object} newParams The set of parameters which will be composited with inherited params.
 * @param {Object} $current Internal definition of object representing the current state.
 * @param {Object} $to Internal definition of object representing state to transition to.
 */
function inheritParams(currentParams, newParams, $current, $to) {
  var parents = ancestors($current, $to), parentParams, inherited = {}, inheritList = [];

  for (var i in parents) {
    if (!parents[i].params) continue;
    parentParams = objectKeys(parents[i].params);
    if (!parentParams.length) continue;

    for (var j in parentParams) {
      if (arraySearch(inheritList, parentParams[j]) >= 0) continue;
      inheritList.push(parentParams[j]);
      inherited[parentParams[j]] = currentParams[parentParams[j]];
    }
  }
  return extend({}, inherited, newParams);
}

/**
 * Performs a non-strict comparison of the subset of two objects, defined by a list of keys.
 *
 * @param {Object} a The first object.
 * @param {Object} b The second object.
 * @param {Array} keys The list of keys within each object to compare. If the list is empty or not specified,
 *                     it defaults to the list of keys in `a`.
 * @return {Boolean} Returns `true` if the keys match, otherwise `false`.
 */
function equalForKeys(a, b, keys) {
  if (!keys) {
    keys = [];
    for (var n in a) keys.push(n); // Used instead of Object.keys() for IE8 compatibility
  }

  for (var i=0; i<keys.length; i++) {
    var k = keys[i];
    if (a[k] != b[k]) return false; // Not '===', values aren't necessarily normalized
  }
  return true;
}

/**
 * Returns the subset of an object, based on a list of keys.
 *
 * @param {Array} keys
 * @param {Object} values
 * @return {Boolean} Returns a subset of `values`.
 */
function filterByKeys(keys, values) {
  var filtered = {};

  forEach(keys, function (name) {
    filtered[name] = values[name];
  });
  return filtered;
}
/**
 * @ngdoc overview
 * @name ui.router.util
 *
 * @description
 * # ui.router.util sub-module
 *
 * This module is a dependency of other sub-modules. Do not include this module as a dependency
 * in your angular app (use {@link ui.router} module instead).
 *
 */
angular.module('ui.router.util', ['ng']);

/**
 * @ngdoc overview
 * @name ui.router.router
 * 
 * @requires ui.router.util
 *
 * @description
 * # ui.router.router sub-module
 *
 * This module is a dependency of other sub-modules. Do not include this module as a dependency
 * in your angular app (use {@link ui.router} module instead).
 */
angular.module('ui.router.router', ['ui.router.util']);

/**
 * @ngdoc overview
 * @name ui.router.state
 * 
 * @requires ui.router.router
 * @requires ui.router.util
 *
 * @description
 * # ui.router.state sub-module
 *
 * This module is a dependency of the main ui.router module. Do not include this module as a dependency
 * in your angular app (use {@link ui.router} module instead).
 * 
 */
angular.module('ui.router.state', ['ui.router.router', 'ui.router.util']);

/**
 * @ngdoc overview
 * @name ui.router
 *
 * @requires ui.router.state
 *
 * @description
 * # ui.router
 * 
 * ## The main module for ui.router 
 * There are several sub-modules included with the ui.router module, however only this module is needed
 * as a dependency within your angular app. The other modules are for organization purposes. 
 *
 * The modules are:
 * * ui.router - the main "umbrella" module
 * * ui.router.router - 
 * 
 * *You'll need to include **only** this module as the dependency within your angular app.*
 * 
 * <pre>
 * <!doctype html>
 * <html ng-app="myApp">
 * <head>
 *   <script src="js/angular.js"></script>
 *   <!-- Include the ui-router script -->
 *   <script src="js/angular-ui-router.min.js"></script>
 *   <script>
 *     // ...and add 'ui.router' as a dependency
 *     var myApp = angular.module('myApp', ['ui.router']);
 *   </script>
 * </head>
 * <body>
 * </body>
 * </html>
 * </pre>
 */
angular.module('ui.router', ['ui.router.state']);

angular.module('ui.router.compat', ['ui.router']);

/**
 * @ngdoc object
 * @name ui.router.util.$resolve
 *
 * @requires $q
 * @requires $injector
 *
 * @description
 * Manages resolution of (acyclic) graphs of promises.
 */
$Resolve.$inject = ['$q', '$injector'];
function $Resolve(  $q,    $injector) {
  
  var VISIT_IN_PROGRESS = 1,
      VISIT_DONE = 2,
      NOTHING = {},
      NO_DEPENDENCIES = [],
      NO_LOCALS = NOTHING,
      NO_PARENT = extend($q.when(NOTHING), { $$promises: NOTHING, $$values: NOTHING });
  

  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name ui.router.util.$resolve#study
   * @methodOf ui.router.util.$resolve
   *
   * @description
   * Studies a set of invocables that are likely to be used multiple times.
   * <pre>
   * $resolve.study(invocables)(locals, parent, self)
   * </pre>
   * is equivalent to
   * <pre>
   * $resolve.resolve(invocables, locals, parent, self)
   * </pre>
   * but the former is more efficient (in fact `resolve` just calls `study` 
   * internally).
   *
   * @param {object} invocables Invocable objects
   * @return {function} a function to pass in locals, parent and self
   */
  this.study = function (invocables) {
    if (!isObject(invocables)) throw new Error("'invocables' must be an object");
    
    // Perform a topological sort of invocables to build an ordered plan
    var plan = [], cycle = [], visited = {};
    function visit(value, key) {
      if (visited[key] === VISIT_DONE) return;
      
      cycle.push(key);
      if (visited[key] === VISIT_IN_PROGRESS) {
        cycle.splice(0, cycle.indexOf(key));
        throw new Error("Cyclic dependency: " + cycle.join(" -> "));
      }
      visited[key] = VISIT_IN_PROGRESS;
      
      if (isString(value)) {
        plan.push(key, [ function() { return $injector.get(value); }], NO_DEPENDENCIES);
      } else {
        var params = $injector.annotate(value);
        forEach(params, function (param) {
          if (param !== key && invocables.hasOwnProperty(param)) visit(invocables[param], param);
        });
        plan.push(key, value, params);
      }
      
      cycle.pop();
      visited[key] = VISIT_DONE;
    }
    forEach(invocables, visit);
    invocables = cycle = visited = null; // plan is all that's required
    
    function isResolve(value) {
      return isObject(value) && value.then && value.$$promises;
    }
    
    return function (locals, parent, self) {
      if (isResolve(locals) && self === undefined) {
        self = parent; parent = locals; locals = null;
      }
      if (!locals) locals = NO_LOCALS;
      else if (!isObject(locals)) {
        throw new Error("'locals' must be an object");
      }       
      if (!parent) parent = NO_PARENT;
      else if (!isResolve(parent)) {
        throw new Error("'parent' must be a promise returned by $resolve.resolve()");
      }
      
      // To complete the overall resolution, we have to wait for the parent
      // promise and for the promise for each invokable in our plan.
      var resolution = $q.defer(),
          result = resolution.promise,
          promises = result.$$promises = {},
          values = extend({}, locals),
          wait = 1 + plan.length/3,
          merged = false;
          
      function done() {
        // Merge parent values we haven't got yet and publish our own $$values
        if (!--wait) {
          if (!merged) merge(values, parent.$$values); 
          result.$$values = values;
          result.$$promises = true; // keep for isResolve()
          delete result.$$inheritedValues;
          resolution.resolve(values);
        }
      }
      
      function fail(reason) {
        result.$$failure = reason;
        resolution.reject(reason);
      }
      
      // Short-circuit if parent has already failed
      if (isDefined(parent.$$failure)) {
        fail(parent.$$failure);
        return result;
      }
      
      if (parent.$$inheritedValues) {
        merge(values, parent.$$inheritedValues);
      }

      // Merge parent values if the parent has already resolved, or merge
      // parent promises and wait if the parent resolve is still in progress.
      if (parent.$$values) {
        merged = merge(values, parent.$$values);
        result.$$inheritedValues = parent.$$values;
        done();
      } else {
        if (parent.$$inheritedValues) {
          result.$$inheritedValues = parent.$$inheritedValues;
        }        
        extend(promises, parent.$$promises);
        parent.then(done, fail);
      }
      
      // Process each invocable in the plan, but ignore any where a local of the same name exists.
      for (var i=0, ii=plan.length; i<ii; i+=3) {
        if (locals.hasOwnProperty(plan[i])) done();
        else invoke(plan[i], plan[i+1], plan[i+2]);
      }
      
      function invoke(key, invocable, params) {
        // Create a deferred for this invocation. Failures will propagate to the resolution as well.
        var invocation = $q.defer(), waitParams = 0;
        function onfailure(reason) {
          invocation.reject(reason);
          fail(reason);
        }
        // Wait for any parameter that we have a promise for (either from parent or from this
        // resolve; in that case study() will have made sure it's ordered before us in the plan).
        forEach(params, function (dep) {
          if (promises.hasOwnProperty(dep) && !locals.hasOwnProperty(dep)) {
            waitParams++;
            promises[dep].then(function (result) {
              values[dep] = result;
              if (!(--waitParams)) proceed();
            }, onfailure);
          }
        });
        if (!waitParams) proceed();
        function proceed() {
          if (isDefined(result.$$failure)) return;
          try {
            invocation.resolve($injector.invoke(invocable, self, values));
            invocation.promise.then(function (result) {
              values[key] = result;
              done();
            }, onfailure);
          } catch (e) {
            onfailure(e);
          }
        }
        // Publish promise synchronously; invocations further down in the plan may depend on it.
        promises[key] = invocation.promise;
      }
      
      return result;
    };
  };
  
  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name ui.router.util.$resolve#resolve
   * @methodOf ui.router.util.$resolve
   *
   * @description
   * Resolves a set of invocables. An invocable is a function to be invoked via 
   * `$injector.invoke()`, and can have an arbitrary number of dependencies. 
   * An invocable can either return a value directly,
   * or a `$q` promise. If a promise is returned it will be resolved and the 
   * resulting value will be used instead. Dependencies of invocables are resolved 
   * (in this order of precedence)
   *
   * - from the specified `locals`
   * - from another invocable that is part of this `$resolve` call
   * - from an invocable that is inherited from a `parent` call to `$resolve` 
   *   (or recursively
   * - from any ancestor `$resolve` of that parent).
   *
   * The return value of `$resolve` is a promise for an object that contains 
   * (in this order of precedence)
   *
   * - any `locals` (if specified)
   * - the resolved return values of all injectables
   * - any values inherited from a `parent` call to `$resolve` (if specified)
   *
   * The promise will resolve after the `parent` promise (if any) and all promises 
   * returned by injectables have been resolved. If any invocable 
   * (or `$injector.invoke`) throws an exception, or if a promise returned by an 
   * invocable is rejected, the `$resolve` promise is immediately rejected with the 
   * same error. A rejection of a `parent` promise (if specified) will likewise be 
   * propagated immediately. Once the `$resolve` promise has been rejected, no 
   * further invocables will be called.
   * 
   * Cyclic dependencies between invocables are not permitted and will caues `$resolve`
   * to throw an error. As a special case, an injectable can depend on a parameter 
   * with the same name as the injectable, which will be fulfilled from the `parent` 
   * injectable of the same name. This allows inherited values to be decorated. 
   * Note that in this case any other injectable in the same `$resolve` with the same
   * dependency would see the decorated value, not the inherited value.
   *
   * Note that missing dependencies -- unlike cyclic dependencies -- will cause an 
   * (asynchronous) rejection of the `$resolve` promise rather than a (synchronous) 
   * exception.
   *
   * Invocables are invoked eagerly as soon as all dependencies are available. 
   * This is true even for dependencies inherited from a `parent` call to `$resolve`.
   *
   * As a special case, an invocable can be a string, in which case it is taken to 
   * be a service name to be passed to `$injector.get()`. This is supported primarily 
   * for backwards-compatibility with the `resolve` property of `$routeProvider` 
   * routes.
   *
   * @param {object} invocables functions to invoke or 
   * `$injector` services to fetch.
   * @param {object} locals  values to make available to the injectables
   * @param {object} parent  a promise returned by another call to `$resolve`.
   * @param {object} self  the `this` for the invoked methods
   * @return {object} Promise for an object that contains the resolved return value
   * of all invocables, as well as any inherited and local values.
   */
  this.resolve = function (invocables, locals, parent, self) {
    return this.study(invocables)(locals, parent, self);
  };
}

angular.module('ui.router.util').service('$resolve', $Resolve);


/**
 * @ngdoc object
 * @name ui.router.util.$templateFactory
 *
 * @requires $http
 * @requires $templateCache
 * @requires $injector
 *
 * @description
 * Service. Manages loading of templates.
 */
$TemplateFactory.$inject = ['$http', '$templateCache', '$injector'];
function $TemplateFactory(  $http,   $templateCache,   $injector) {

  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name ui.router.util.$templateFactory#fromConfig
   * @methodOf ui.router.util.$templateFactory
   *
   * @description
   * Creates a template from a configuration object. 
   *
   * @param {object} config Configuration object for which to load a template. 
   * The following properties are search in the specified order, and the first one 
   * that is defined is used to create the template:
   *
   * @param {string|object} config.template html string template or function to 
   * load via {@link ui.router.util.$templateFactory#fromString fromString}.
   * @param {string|object} config.templateUrl url to load or a function returning 
   * the url to load via {@link ui.router.util.$templateFactory#fromUrl fromUrl}.
   * @param {Function} config.templateProvider function to invoke via 
   * {@link ui.router.util.$templateFactory#fromProvider fromProvider}.
   * @param {object} params  Parameters to pass to the template function.
   * @param {object} locals Locals to pass to `invoke` if the template is loaded 
   * via a `templateProvider`. Defaults to `{ params: params }`.
   *
   * @return {string|object}  The template html as a string, or a promise for 
   * that string,or `null` if no template is configured.
   */
  this.fromConfig = function (config, params, locals) {
    return (
      isDefined(config.template) ? this.fromString(config.template, params) :
      isDefined(config.templateUrl) ? this.fromUrl(config.templateUrl, params) :
      isDefined(config.templateProvider) ? this.fromProvider(config.templateProvider, params, locals) :
      null
    );
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name ui.router.util.$templateFactory#fromString
   * @methodOf ui.router.util.$templateFactory
   *
   * @description
   * Creates a template from a string or a function returning a string.
   *
   * @param {string|object} template html template as a string or function that 
   * returns an html template as a string.
   * @param {object} params Parameters to pass to the template function.
   *
   * @return {string|object} The template html as a string, or a promise for that 
   * string.
   */
  this.fromString = function (template, params) {
    return isFunction(template) ? template(params) : template;
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name ui.router.util.$templateFactory#fromUrl
   * @methodOf ui.router.util.$templateFactory
   * 
   * @description
   * Loads a template from the a URL via `$http` and `$templateCache`.
   *
   * @param {string|Function} url url of the template to load, or a function 
   * that returns a url.
   * @param {Object} params Parameters to pass to the url function.
   * @return {string|Promise.<string>} The template html as a string, or a promise 
   * for that string.
   */
  this.fromUrl = function (url, params) {
    if (isFunction(url)) url = url(params);
    if (url == null) return null;
    else return $http
        .get(url, { cache: $templateCache })
        .then(function(response) { return response.data; });
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name ui.router.util.$templateFactory#fromProvider
   * @methodOf ui.router.util.$templateFactory
   *
   * @description
   * Creates a template by invoking an injectable provider function.
   *
   * @param {Function} provider Function to invoke via `$injector.invoke`
   * @param {Object} params Parameters for the template.
   * @param {Object} locals Locals to pass to `invoke`. Defaults to 
   * `{ params: params }`.
   * @return {string|Promise.<string>} The template html as a string, or a promise 
   * for that string.
   */
  this.fromProvider = function (provider, params, locals) {
    return $injector.invoke(provider, null, locals || { params: params });
  };
}

angular.module('ui.router.util').service('$templateFactory', $TemplateFactory);

/**
 * @ngdoc object
 * @name ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher
 *
 * @description
 * Matches URLs against patterns and extracts named parameters from the path or the search
 * part of the URL. A URL pattern consists of a path pattern, optionally followed by '?' and a list
 * of search parameters. Multiple search parameter names are separated by '&'. Search parameters
 * do not influence whether or not a URL is matched, but their values are passed through into
 * the matched parameters returned by {@link ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher#methods_exec exec}.
 * 
 * Path parameter placeholders can be specified using simple colon/catch-all syntax or curly brace
 * syntax, which optionally allows a regular expression for the parameter to be specified:
 *
 * * `':'` name - colon placeholder
 * * `'*'` name - catch-all placeholder
 * * `'{' name '}'` - curly placeholder
 * * `'{' name ':' regexp '}'` - curly placeholder with regexp. Should the regexp itself contain
 *   curly braces, they must be in matched pairs or escaped with a backslash.
 *
 * Parameter names may contain only word characters (latin letters, digits, and underscore) and
 * must be unique within the pattern (across both path and search parameters). For colon 
 * placeholders or curly placeholders without an explicit regexp, a path parameter matches any
 * number of characters other than '/'. For catch-all placeholders the path parameter matches
 * any number of characters.
 * 
 * Examples:
 * 
 * * `'/hello/'` - Matches only if the path is exactly '/hello/'. There is no special treatment for
 *   trailing slashes, and patterns have to match the entire path, not just a prefix.
 * * `'/user/:id'` - Matches '/user/bob' or '/user/1234!!!' or even '/user/' but not '/user' or
 *   '/user/bob/details'. The second path segment will be captured as the parameter 'id'.
 * * `'/user/{id}'` - Same as the previous example, but using curly brace syntax.
 * * `'/user/{id:[^/]*}'` - Same as the previous example.
 * * `'/user/{id:[0-9a-fA-F]{1,8}}'` - Similar to the previous example, but only matches if the id
 *   parameter consists of 1 to 8 hex digits.
 * * `'/files/{path:.*}'` - Matches any URL starting with '/files/' and captures the rest of the
 *   path into the parameter 'path'.
 * * `'/files/*path'` - ditto.
 *
 * @param {string} pattern  The pattern to compile into a matcher.
 * @param {Object} config  A configuration object hash:
 *
 * * `caseInsensitive` - `true` if URL matching should be case insensitive, otherwise `false`, the default value (for backward compatibility) is `false`.
 * * `strict` - `false` if matching against a URL with a trailing slash should be treated as equivalent to a URL without a trailing slash, the default value is `true`.
 *
 * @property {string} prefix  A static prefix of this pattern. The matcher guarantees that any
 *   URL matching this matcher (i.e. any string for which {@link ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher#methods_exec exec()} returns
 *   non-null) will start with this prefix.
 *
 * @property {string} source  The pattern that was passed into the constructor
 *
 * @property {string} sourcePath  The path portion of the source property
 *
 * @property {string} sourceSearch  The search portion of the source property
 *
 * @property {string} regex  The constructed regex that will be used to match against the url when 
 *   it is time to determine which url will match.
 *
 * @returns {Object}  New `UrlMatcher` object
 */
function UrlMatcher(pattern, config) {
  config = angular.isObject(config) ? config : {};

  // Find all placeholders and create a compiled pattern, using either classic or curly syntax:
  //   '*' name
  //   ':' name
  //   '{' name '}'
  //   '{' name ':' regexp '}'
  // The regular expression is somewhat complicated due to the need to allow curly braces
  // inside the regular expression. The placeholder regexp breaks down as follows:
  //    ([:*])(\w+)               classic placeholder ($1 / $2)
  //    \{(\w+)(?:\:( ... ))?\}   curly brace placeholder ($3) with optional regexp ... ($4)
  //    (?: ... | ... | ... )+    the regexp consists of any number of atoms, an atom being either
  //    [^{}\\]+                  - anything other than curly braces or backslash
  //    \\.                       - a backslash escape
  //    \{(?:[^{}\\]+|\\.)*\}     - a matched set of curly braces containing other atoms
  var placeholder = /([:*])(\w+)|\{(\w+)(?:\:((?:[^{}\\]+|\\.|\{(?:[^{}\\]+|\\.)*\})+))?\}/g,
      compiled = '^', last = 0, m,
      segments = this.segments = [],
      params = this.params = {};

  /**
   * [Internal] Gets the decoded representation of a value if the value is defined, otherwise, returns the
   * default value, which may be the result of an injectable function.
   */
  function $value(value) {
    /*jshint validthis: true */
    return isDefined(value) ? this.type.decode(value) : $UrlMatcherFactory.$$getDefaultValue(this);
  }

  function addParameter(id, type, config) {
    if (!/^\w+(-+\w+)*$/.test(id)) throw new Error("Invalid parameter name '" + id + "' in pattern '" + pattern + "'");
    if (params[id]) throw new Error("Duplicate parameter name '" + id + "' in pattern '" + pattern + "'");
    params[id] = extend({ type: type || new Type(), $value: $value }, config);
  }

  function quoteRegExp(string, pattern, isOptional) {
    var result = string.replace(/[\\\[\]\^$*+?.()|{}]/g, "\\$&");
    if (!pattern) return result;
    var flag = isOptional ? '?' : '';
    return result + flag + '(' + pattern + ')' + flag;
  }

  function paramConfig(param) {
    if (!config.params || !config.params[param]) return {};
    var cfg = config.params[param];
    return isObject(cfg) ? cfg : { value: cfg };
  }

  this.source = pattern;

  // Split into static segments separated by path parameter placeholders.
  // The number of segments is always 1 more than the number of parameters.
  var id, regexp, segment, type, cfg;

  while ((m = placeholder.exec(pattern))) {
    id      = m[2] || m[3]; // IE[78] returns '' for unmatched groups instead of null
    regexp  = m[4] || (m[1] == '*' ? '.*' : '[^/]*');
    segment = pattern.substring(last, m.index);
    type    = this.$types[regexp] || new Type({ pattern: new RegExp(regexp) });
    cfg     = paramConfig(id);

    if (segment.indexOf('?') >= 0) break; // we're into the search part

    compiled += quoteRegExp(segment, type.$subPattern(), isDefined(cfg.value));
    addParameter(id, type, cfg);
    segments.push(segment);
    last = placeholder.lastIndex;
  }
  segment = pattern.substring(last);

  // Find any search parameter names and remove them from the last segment
  var i = segment.indexOf('?');

  if (i >= 0) {
    var search = this.sourceSearch = segment.substring(i);
    segment = segment.substring(0, i);
    this.sourcePath = pattern.substring(0, last + i);

    // Allow parameters to be separated by '?' as well as '&' to make concat() easier
    forEach(search.substring(1).split(/[&?]/), function(key) {
      addParameter(key, null, paramConfig(key));
    });
  } else {
    this.sourcePath = pattern;
    this.sourceSearch = '';
  }

  compiled += quoteRegExp(segment) + (config.strict === false ? '\/?' : '') + '$';
  segments.push(segment);

  this.regexp = new RegExp(compiled, config.caseInsensitive ? 'i' : undefined);
  this.prefix = segments[0];
}

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher#concat
 * @methodOf ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher
 *
 * @description
 * Returns a new matcher for a pattern constructed by appending the path part and adding the
 * search parameters of the specified pattern to this pattern. The current pattern is not
 * modified. This can be understood as creating a pattern for URLs that are relative to (or
 * suffixes of) the current pattern.
 *
 * @example
 * The following two matchers are equivalent:
 * <pre>
 * new UrlMatcher('/user/{id}?q').concat('/details?date');
 * new UrlMatcher('/user/{id}/details?q&date');
 * </pre>
 *
 * @param {string} pattern  The pattern to append.
 * @param {Object} config  An object hash of the configuration for the matcher.
 * @returns {UrlMatcher}  A matcher for the concatenated pattern.
 */
UrlMatcher.prototype.concat = function (pattern, config) {
  // Because order of search parameters is irrelevant, we can add our own search
  // parameters to the end of the new pattern. Parse the new pattern by itself
  // and then join the bits together, but it's much easier to do this on a string level.
  return new UrlMatcher(this.sourcePath + pattern + this.sourceSearch, config);
};

UrlMatcher.prototype.toString = function () {
  return this.source;
};

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher#exec
 * @methodOf ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher
 *
 * @description
 * Tests the specified path against this matcher, and returns an object containing the captured
 * parameter values, or null if the path does not match. The returned object contains the values
 * of any search parameters that are mentioned in the pattern, but their value may be null if
 * they are not present in `searchParams`. This means that search parameters are always treated
 * as optional.
 *
 * @example
 * <pre>
 * new UrlMatcher('/user/{id}?q&r').exec('/user/bob', {
 *   x: '1', q: 'hello'
 * });
 * // returns { id: 'bob', q: 'hello', r: null }
 * </pre>
 *
 * @param {string} path  The URL path to match, e.g. `$location.path()`.
 * @param {Object} searchParams  URL search parameters, e.g. `$location.search()`.
 * @returns {Object}  The captured parameter values.
 */
UrlMatcher.prototype.exec = function (path, searchParams) {
  var m = this.regexp.exec(path);
  if (!m) return null;
  searchParams = searchParams || {};

  var params = this.parameters(), nTotal = params.length,
    nPath = this.segments.length - 1,
    values = {}, i, cfg, param;

  if (nPath !== m.length - 1) throw new Error("Unbalanced capture group in route '" + this.source + "'");

  for (i = 0; i < nPath; i++) {
    param = params[i];
    cfg = this.params[param];
    values[param] = cfg.$value(m[i + 1]);
  }
  for (/**/; i < nTotal; i++) {
    param = params[i];
    cfg = this.params[param];
    values[param] = cfg.$value(searchParams[param]);
  }

  return values;
};

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher#parameters
 * @methodOf ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher
 *
 * @description
 * Returns the names of all path and search parameters of this pattern in an unspecified order.
 * 
 * @returns {Array.<string>}  An array of parameter names. Must be treated as read-only. If the
 *    pattern has no parameters, an empty array is returned.
 */
UrlMatcher.prototype.parameters = function (param) {
  if (!isDefined(param)) return objectKeys(this.params);
  return this.params[param] || null;
};

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher#validate
 * @methodOf ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher
 *
 * @description
 * Checks an object hash of parameters to validate their correctness according to the parameter
 * types of this `UrlMatcher`.
 *
 * @param {Object} params The object hash of parameters to validate.
 * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `params` validates, otherwise `false`.
 */
UrlMatcher.prototype.validates = function (params) {
  var result = true, isOptional, cfg, self = this;

  forEach(params, function(val, key) {
    if (!self.params[key]) return;
    cfg = self.params[key];
    isOptional = !val && isDefined(cfg.value);
    result = result && (isOptional || cfg.type.is(val));
  });
  return result;
};

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher#format
 * @methodOf ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher
 *
 * @description
 * Creates a URL that matches this pattern by substituting the specified values
 * for the path and search parameters. Null values for path parameters are
 * treated as empty strings.
 *
 * @example
 * <pre>
 * new UrlMatcher('/user/{id}?q').format({ id:'bob', q:'yes' });
 * // returns '/user/bob?q=yes'
 * </pre>
 *
 * @param {Object} values  the values to substitute for the parameters in this pattern.
 * @returns {string}  the formatted URL (path and optionally search part).
 */
UrlMatcher.prototype.format = function (values) {
  var segments = this.segments, params = this.parameters();

  if (!values) return segments.join('').replace('//', '/');

  var nPath = segments.length - 1, nTotal = params.length,
    result = segments[0], i, search, value, param, cfg, array;

  if (!this.validates(values)) return null;

  for (i = 0; i < nPath; i++) {
    param = params[i];
    value = values[param];
    cfg   = this.params[param];

    if (!isDefined(value) && (segments[i] === '/' || segments[i + 1] === '/')) continue;
    if (value != null) result += encodeURIComponent(cfg.type.encode(value));
    result += segments[i + 1];
  }

  for (/**/; i < nTotal; i++) {
    param = params[i];
    value = values[param];
    if (value == null) continue;
    array = isArray(value);

    if (array) {
      value = value.map(encodeURIComponent).join('&' + param + '=');
    }
    result += (search ? '&' : '?') + param + '=' + (array ? value : encodeURIComponent(value));
    search = true;
  }
  return result;
};

UrlMatcher.prototype.$types = {};

/**
 * @ngdoc object
 * @name ui.router.util.type:Type
 *
 * @description
 * Implements an interface to define custom parameter types that can be decoded from and encoded to
 * string parameters matched in a URL. Used by {@link ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher `UrlMatcher`}
 * objects when matching or formatting URLs, or comparing or validating parameter values.
 *
 * See {@link ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory#methods_type `$urlMatcherFactory#type()`} for more
 * information on registering custom types.
 *
 * @param {Object} config  A configuration object hash that includes any method in `Type`'s public
 *        interface, and/or `pattern`, which should contain a custom regular expression used to match
 *        string parameters originating from a URL.
 *
 * @property {RegExp} pattern The regular expression pattern used to match values of this type when
 *           coming from a substring of a URL.
 *
 * @returns {Object}  Returns a new `Type` object.
 */
function Type(config) {
  extend(this, config);
}

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name ui.router.util.type:Type#is
 * @methodOf ui.router.util.type:Type
 *
 * @description
 * Detects whether a value is of a particular type. Accepts a native (decoded) value
 * and determines whether it matches the current `Type` object.
 *
 * @param {*} val  The value to check.
 * @param {string} key  Optional. If the type check is happening in the context of a specific
 *        {@link ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher `UrlMatcher`} object, this is the name of the
 *        parameter in which `val` is stored. Can be used for meta-programming of `Type` objects.
 * @returns {Boolean}  Returns `true` if the value matches the type, otherwise `false`.
 */
Type.prototype.is = function(val, key) {
  return true;
};

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name ui.router.util.type:Type#encode
 * @methodOf ui.router.util.type:Type
 *
 * @description
 * Encodes a custom/native type value to a string that can be embedded in a URL. Note that the
 * return value does *not* need to be URL-safe (i.e. passed through `encodeURIComponent()`), it
 * only needs to be a representation of `val` that has been coerced to a string.
 *
 * @param {*} val  The value to encode.
 * @param {string} key  The name of the parameter in which `val` is stored. Can be used for
 *        meta-programming of `Type` objects.
 * @returns {string}  Returns a string representation of `val` that can be encoded in a URL.
 */
Type.prototype.encode = function(val, key) {
  return val;
};

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name ui.router.util.type:Type#decode
 * @methodOf ui.router.util.type:Type
 *
 * @description
 * Converts a string URL parameter value to a custom/native value.
 *
 * @param {string} val  The URL parameter value to decode.
 * @param {string} key  The name of the parameter in which `val` is stored. Can be used for
 *        meta-programming of `Type` objects.
 * @returns {*}  Returns a custom representation of the URL parameter value.
 */
Type.prototype.decode = function(val, key) {
  return val;
};

/**
 * @ngdoc function
 * @name ui.router.util.type:Type#equals
 * @methodOf ui.router.util.type:Type
 *
 * @description
 * Determines whether two decoded values are equivalent.
 *
 * @param {*} a  A value to compare against.
 * @param {*} b  A value to compare against.
 * @returns {Boolean}  Returns `true` if the values are equivalent/equal, otherwise `false`.
 */
Type.prototype.equals = function(a, b) {
  return a == b;
};

Type.prototype.$subPattern = function() {
  var sub = this.pattern.toString();
  return sub.substr(1, sub.length - 2);
};

Type.prototype.pattern = /.*/;

/**
 * @ngdoc object
 * @name ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory
 *
 * @description
 * Factory for {@link ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher `UrlMatcher`} instances. The factory
 * is also available to providers under the name `$urlMatcherFactoryProvider`.
 */
function $UrlMatcherFactory() {

  var isCaseInsensitive = false, isStrictMode = true;

  var enqueue = true, typeQueue = [], injector, defaultTypes = {
    int: {
      decode: function(val) {
        return parseInt(val, 10);
      },
      is: function(val) {
        if (!isDefined(val)) return false;
        return this.decode(val.toString()) === val;
      },
      pattern: /\d+/
    },
    bool: {
      encode: function(val) {
        return val ? 1 : 0;
      },
      decode: function(val) {
        return parseInt(val, 10) === 0 ? false : true;
      },
      is: function(val) {
        return val === true || val === false;
      },
      pattern: /0|1/
    },
    string: {
      pattern: /[^\/]*/
    },
    date: {
      equals: function (a, b) {
        return a.toISOString() === b.toISOString();
      },
      decode: function (val) {
        return new Date(val);
      },
      encode: function (val) {
        return [
          val.getFullYear(),
          ('0' + (val.getMonth() + 1)).slice(-2),
          ('0' + val.getDate()).slice(-2)
        ].join("-");
      },
      pattern: /[0-9]{4}-(?:0[1-9]|1[0-2])-(?:0[1-9]|[1-2][0-9]|3[0-1])/
    }
  };

  function getDefaultConfig() {
    return {
      strict: isStrictMode,
      caseInsensitive: isCaseInsensitive
    };
  }

  function isInjectable(value) {
    return (isFunction(value) || (isArray(value) && isFunction(value[value.length - 1])));
  }

  /**
   * [Internal] Get the default value of a parameter, which may be an injectable function.
   */
  $UrlMatcherFactory.$$getDefaultValue = function(config) {
    if (!isInjectable(config.value)) return config.value;
    if (!injector) throw new Error("Injectable functions cannot be called at configuration time");
    return injector.invoke(config.value);
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory#caseInsensitive
   * @methodOf ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory
   *
   * @description
   * Defines whether URL matching should be case sensitive (the default behavior), or not.
   *
   * @param {boolean} value `false` to match URL in a case sensitive manner; otherwise `true`;
   */
  this.caseInsensitive = function(value) {
    isCaseInsensitive = value;
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory#strictMode
   * @methodOf ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory
   *
   * @description
   * Defines whether URLs should match trailing slashes, or not (the default behavior).
   *
   * @param {boolean} value `false` to match trailing slashes in URLs, otherwise `true`.
   */
  this.strictMode = function(value) {
    isStrictMode = value;
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory#compile
   * @methodOf ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory
   *
   * @description
   * Creates a {@link ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher `UrlMatcher`} for the specified pattern.
   *   
   * @param {string} pattern  The URL pattern.
   * @param {Object} config  The config object hash.
   * @returns {UrlMatcher}  The UrlMatcher.
   */
  this.compile = function (pattern, config) {
    return new UrlMatcher(pattern, extend(getDefaultConfig(), config));
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory#isMatcher
   * @methodOf ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory
   *
   * @description
   * Returns true if the specified object is a `UrlMatcher`, or false otherwise.
   *
   * @param {Object} object  The object to perform the type check against.
   * @returns {Boolean}  Returns `true` if the object matches the `UrlMatcher` interface, by
   *          implementing all the same methods.
   */
  this.isMatcher = function (o) {
    if (!isObject(o)) return false;
    var result = true;

    forEach(UrlMatcher.prototype, function(val, name) {
      if (isFunction(val)) {
        result = result && (isDefined(o[name]) && isFunction(o[name]));
      }
    });
    return result;
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory#type
   * @methodOf ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactory
   *
   * @description
   * Registers a custom {@link ui.router.util.type:Type `Type`} object that can be used to
   * generate URLs with typed parameters.
   *
   * @param {string} name  The type name.
   * @param {Object|Function} def  The type definition. See
   *        {@link ui.router.util.type:Type `Type`} for information on the values accepted.
   *
   * @returns {Object}  Returns `$urlMatcherFactoryProvider`.
   *
   * @example
   * This is a simple example of a custom type that encodes and decodes items from an
   * array, using the array index as the URL-encoded value:
   *
   * <pre>
   * var list = ['John', 'Paul', 'George', 'Ringo'];
   *
   * $urlMatcherFactoryProvider.type('listItem', {
   *   encode: function(item) {
   *     // Represent the list item in the URL using its corresponding index
   *     return list.indexOf(item);
   *   },
   *   decode: function(item) {
   *     // Look up the list item by index
   *     return list[parseInt(item, 10)];
   *   },
   *   is: function(item) {
   *     // Ensure the item is valid by checking to see that it appears
   *     // in the list
   *     return list.indexOf(item) > -1;
   *   }
   * });
   *
   * $stateProvider.state('list', {
   *   url: "/list/{item:listItem}",
   *   controller: function($scope, $stateParams) {
   *     console.log($stateParams.item);
   *   }
   * });
   *
   * // ...
   *
   * // Changes URL to '/list/3', logs "Ringo" to the console
   * $state.go('list', { item: "Ringo" });
   * </pre>
   *
   * This is a more complex example of a type that relies on dependency injection to
   * interact with services, and uses the parameter name from the URL to infer how to
   * handle encoding and decoding parameter values:
   *
   * <pre>
   * // Defines a custom type that gets a value from a service,
   * // where each service gets different types of values from
   * // a backend API:
   * $urlMatcherFactoryProvider.type('dbObject', function(Users, Posts) {
   *
   *   // Matches up services to URL parameter names
   *   var services = {
   *     user: Users,
   *     post: Posts
   *   };
   *
   *   return {
   *     encode: function(object) {
   *       // Represent the object in the URL using its unique ID
   *       return object.id;
   *     },
   *     decode: function(value, key) {
   *       // Look up the object by ID, using the parameter
   *       // name (key) to call the correct service
   *       return services[key].findById(value);
   *     },
   *     is: function(object, key) {
   *       // Check that object is a valid dbObject
   *       return angular.isObject(object) && object.id && services[key];
   *     }
   *     equals: function(a, b) {
   *       // Check the equality of decoded objects by comparing
   *       // their unique IDs
   *       return a.id === b.id;
   *     }
   *   };
   * });
   *
   * // In a config() block, you can then attach URLs with
   * // type-annotated parameters:
   * $stateProvider.state('users', {
   *   url: "/users",
   *   // ...
   * }).state('users.item', {
   *   url: "/{user:dbObject}",
   *   controller: function($scope, $stateParams) {
   *     // $stateParams.user will now be an object returned from
   *     // the Users service
   *   },
   *   // ...
   * });
   * </pre>
   */
  this.type = function (name, def) {
    if (!isDefined(def)) return UrlMatcher.prototype.$types[name];
    typeQueue.push({ name: name, def: def });
    if (!enqueue) flushTypeQueue();
    return this;
  };

  /* No need to document $get, since it returns this */
  this.$get = ['$injector', function ($injector) {
    injector = $injector;
    enqueue = false;
    UrlMatcher.prototype.$types = {};
    flushTypeQueue();

    forEach(defaultTypes, function(type, name) {
      if (!UrlMatcher.prototype.$types[name]) UrlMatcher.prototype.$types[name] = new Type(type);
    });
    return this;
  }];

  // To ensure proper order of operations in object configuration, and to allow internal
  // types to be overridden, `flushTypeQueue()` waits until `$urlMatcherFactory` is injected
  // before actually wiring up and assigning type definitions
  function flushTypeQueue() {
    forEach(typeQueue, function(type) {
      if (UrlMatcher.prototype.$types[type.name]) {
        throw new Error("A type named '" + type.name + "' has already been defined.");
      }
      var def = new Type(isInjectable(type.def) ? injector.invoke(type.def) : type.def);
      UrlMatcher.prototype.$types[type.name] = def;
    });
  }
}

// Register as a provider so it's available to other providers
angular.module('ui.router.util').provider('$urlMatcherFactory', $UrlMatcherFactory);

/**
 * @ngdoc object
 * @name ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider
 *
 * @requires ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactoryProvider
 * @requires $locationProvider
 *
 * @description
 * `$urlRouterProvider` has the responsibility of watching `$location`. 
 * When `$location` changes it runs through a list of rules one by one until a 
 * match is found. `$urlRouterProvider` is used behind the scenes anytime you specify 
 * a url in a state configuration. All urls are compiled into a UrlMatcher object.
 *
 * There are several methods on `$urlRouterProvider` that make it useful to use directly
 * in your module config.
 */
$UrlRouterProvider.$inject = ['$locationProvider', '$urlMatcherFactoryProvider'];
function $UrlRouterProvider(   $locationProvider,   $urlMatcherFactory) {
  var rules = [], otherwise = null, interceptDeferred = false, listener;

  // Returns a string that is a prefix of all strings matching the RegExp
  function regExpPrefix(re) {
    var prefix = /^\^((?:\\[^a-zA-Z0-9]|[^\\\[\]\^$*+?.()|{}]+)*)/.exec(re.source);
    return (prefix != null) ? prefix[1].replace(/\\(.)/g, "$1") : '';
  }

  // Interpolates matched values into a String.replace()-style pattern
  function interpolate(pattern, match) {
    return pattern.replace(/\$(\$|\d{1,2})/, function (m, what) {
      return match[what === '$' ? 0 : Number(what)];
    });
  }

  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider#rule
   * @methodOf ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider
   *
   * @description
   * Defines rules that are used by `$urlRouterProvider` to find matches for
   * specific URLs.
   *
   * @example
   * <pre>
   * var app = angular.module('app', ['ui.router.router']);
   *
   * app.config(function ($urlRouterProvider) {
   *   // Here's an example of how you might allow case insensitive urls
   *   $urlRouterProvider.rule(function ($injector, $location) {
   *     var path = $location.path(),
   *         normalized = path.toLowerCase();
   *
   *     if (path !== normalized) {
   *       return normalized;
   *     }
   *   });
   * });
   * </pre>
   *
   * @param {object} rule Handler function that takes `$injector` and `$location`
   * services as arguments. You can use them to return a valid path as a string.
   *
   * @return {object} `$urlRouterProvider` - `$urlRouterProvider` instance
   */
  this.rule = function (rule) {
    if (!isFunction(rule)) throw new Error("'rule' must be a function");
    rules.push(rule);
    return this;
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc object
   * @name ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider#otherwise
   * @methodOf ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider
   *
   * @description
   * Defines a path that is used when an invalid route is requested.
   *
   * @example
   * <pre>
   * var app = angular.module('app', ['ui.router.router']);
   *
   * app.config(function ($urlRouterProvider) {
   *   // if the path doesn't match any of the urls you configured
   *   // otherwise will take care of routing the user to the
   *   // specified url
   *   $urlRouterProvider.otherwise('/index');
   *
   *   // Example of using function rule as param
   *   $urlRouterProvider.otherwise(function ($injector, $location) {
   *     return '/a/valid/url';
   *   });
   * });
   * </pre>
   *
   * @param {string|object} rule The url path you want to redirect to or a function 
   * rule that returns the url path. The function version is passed two params: 
   * `$injector` and `$location` services, and must return a url string.
   *
   * @return {object} `$urlRouterProvider` - `$urlRouterProvider` instance
   */
  this.otherwise = function (rule) {
    if (isString(rule)) {
      var redirect = rule;
      rule = function () { return redirect; };
    }
    else if (!isFunction(rule)) throw new Error("'rule' must be a function");
    otherwise = rule;
    return this;
  };


  function handleIfMatch($injector, handler, match) {
    if (!match) return false;
    var result = $injector.invoke(handler, handler, { $match: match });
    return isDefined(result) ? result : true;
  }

  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider#when
   * @methodOf ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider
   *
   * @description
   * Registers a handler for a given url matching. if handle is a string, it is
   * treated as a redirect, and is interpolated according to the syntax of match
   * (i.e. like `String.replace()` for `RegExp`, or like a `UrlMatcher` pattern otherwise).
   *
   * If the handler is a function, it is injectable. It gets invoked if `$location`
   * matches. You have the option of inject the match object as `$match`.
   *
   * The handler can return
   *
   * - **falsy** to indicate that the rule didn't match after all, then `$urlRouter`
   *   will continue trying to find another one that matches.
   * - **string** which is treated as a redirect and passed to `$location.url()`
   * - **void** or any **truthy** value tells `$urlRouter` that the url was handled.
   *
   * @example
   * <pre>
   * var app = angular.module('app', ['ui.router.router']);
   *
   * app.config(function ($urlRouterProvider) {
   *   $urlRouterProvider.when($state.url, function ($match, $stateParams) {
   *     if ($state.$current.navigable !== state ||
   *         !equalForKeys($match, $stateParams) {
   *      $state.transitionTo(state, $match, false);
   *     }
   *   });
   * });
   * </pre>
   *
   * @param {string|object} what The incoming path that you want to redirect.
   * @param {string|object} handler The path you want to redirect your user to.
   */
  this.when = function (what, handler) {
    var redirect, handlerIsString = isString(handler);
    if (isString(what)) what = $urlMatcherFactory.compile(what);

    if (!handlerIsString && !isFunction(handler) && !isArray(handler))
      throw new Error("invalid 'handler' in when()");

    var strategies = {
      matcher: function (what, handler) {
        if (handlerIsString) {
          redirect = $urlMatcherFactory.compile(handler);
          handler = ['$match', function ($match) { return redirect.format($match); }];
        }
        return extend(function ($injector, $location) {
          return handleIfMatch($injector, handler, what.exec($location.path(), $location.search()));
        }, {
          prefix: isString(what.prefix) ? what.prefix : ''
        });
      },
      regex: function (what, handler) {
        if (what.global || what.sticky) throw new Error("when() RegExp must not be global or sticky");

        if (handlerIsString) {
          redirect = handler;
          handler = ['$match', function ($match) { return interpolate(redirect, $match); }];
        }
        return extend(function ($injector, $location) {
          return handleIfMatch($injector, handler, what.exec($location.path()));
        }, {
          prefix: regExpPrefix(what)
        });
      }
    };

    var check = { matcher: $urlMatcherFactory.isMatcher(what), regex: what instanceof RegExp };

    for (var n in check) {
      if (check[n]) return this.rule(strategies[n](what, handler));
    }

    throw new Error("invalid 'what' in when()");
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider#deferIntercept
   * @methodOf ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider
   *
   * @description
   * Disables (or enables) deferring location change interception.
   *
   * If you wish to customize the behavior of syncing the URL (for example, if you wish to
   * defer a transition but maintain the current URL), call this method at configuration time.
   * Then, at run time, call `$urlRouter.listen()` after you have configured your own
   * `$locationChangeSuccess` event handler.
   *
   * @example
   * <pre>
   * var app = angular.module('app', ['ui.router.router']);
   *
   * app.config(function ($urlRouterProvider) {
   *
   *   // Prevent $urlRouter from automatically intercepting URL changes;
   *   // this allows you to configure custom behavior in between
   *   // location changes and route synchronization:
   *   $urlRouterProvider.deferIntercept();
   *
   * }).run(function ($rootScope, $urlRouter, UserService) {
   *
   *   $rootScope.$on('$locationChangeSuccess', function(e) {
   *     // UserService is an example service for managing user state
   *     if (UserService.isLoggedIn()) return;
   *
   *     // Prevent $urlRouter's default handler from firing
   *     e.preventDefault();
   *
   *     UserService.handleLogin().then(function() {
   *       // Once the user has logged in, sync the current URL
   *       // to the router:
   *       $urlRouter.sync();
   *     });
   *   });
   *
   *   // Configures $urlRouter's listener *after* your custom listener
   *   $urlRouter.listen();
   * });
   * </pre>
   *
   * @param {boolean} defer Indicates whether to defer location change interception. Passing
            no parameter is equivalent to `true`.
   */
  this.deferIntercept = function (defer) {
    if (defer === undefined) defer = true;
    interceptDeferred = defer;
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc object
   * @name ui.router.router.$urlRouter
   *
   * @requires $location
   * @requires $rootScope
   * @requires $injector
   * @requires $browser
   *
   * @description
   *
   */
  this.$get = $get;
  $get.$inject = ['$location', '$rootScope', '$injector', '$browser'];
  function $get(   $location,   $rootScope,   $injector,   $browser) {

    var baseHref = $browser.baseHref(), location = $location.url();

    function appendBasePath(url, isHtml5, absolute) {
      if (baseHref === '/') return url;
      if (isHtml5) return baseHref.slice(0, -1) + url;
      if (absolute) return baseHref.slice(1) + url;
      return url;
    }

    // TODO: Optimize groups of rules with non-empty prefix into some sort of decision tree
    function update(evt) {
      if (evt && evt.defaultPrevented) return;

      function check(rule) {
        var handled = rule($injector, $location);

        if (!handled) return false;
        if (isString(handled)) $location.replace().url(handled);
        return true;
      }
      var n = rules.length, i;

      for (i = 0; i < n; i++) {
        if (check(rules[i])) return;
      }
      // always check otherwise last to allow dynamic updates to the set of rules
      if (otherwise) check(otherwise);
    }

    function listen() {
      listener = listener || $rootScope.$on('$locationChangeSuccess', update);
      return listener;
    }

    if (!interceptDeferred) listen();

    return {
      /**
       * @ngdoc function
       * @name ui.router.router.$urlRouter#sync
       * @methodOf ui.router.router.$urlRouter
       *
       * @description
       * Triggers an update; the same update that happens when the address bar url changes, aka `$locationChangeSuccess`.
       * This method is useful when you need to use `preventDefault()` on the `$locationChangeSuccess` event,
       * perform some custom logic (route protection, auth, config, redirection, etc) and then finally proceed
       * with the transition by calling `$urlRouter.sync()`.
       *
       * @example
       * <pre>
       * angular.module('app', ['ui.router'])
       *   .run(function($rootScope, $urlRouter) {
       *     $rootScope.$on('$locationChangeSuccess', function(evt) {
       *       // Halt state change from even starting
       *       evt.preventDefault();
       *       // Perform custom logic
       *       var meetsRequirement = ...
       *       // Continue with the update and state transition if logic allows
       *       if (meetsRequirement) $urlRouter.sync();
       *     });
       * });
       * </pre>
       */
      sync: function() {
        update();
      },

      listen: function() {
        return listen();
      },

      update: function(read) {
        if (read) {
          location = $location.url();
          return;
        }
        if ($location.url() === location) return;

        $location.url(location);
        $location.replace();
      },

      push: function(urlMatcher, params, options) {
        $location.url(urlMatcher.format(params || {}));
        if (options && options.replace) $location.replace();
      },

      /**
       * @ngdoc function
       * @name ui.router.router.$urlRouter#href
       * @methodOf ui.router.router.$urlRouter
       *
       * @description
       * A URL generation method that returns the compiled URL for a given
       * {@link ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher `UrlMatcher`}, populated with the provided parameters.
       *
       * @example
       * <pre>
       * $bob = $urlRouter.href(new UrlMatcher("/about/:person"), {
       *   person: "bob"
       * });
       * // $bob == "/about/bob";
       * </pre>
       *
       * @param {UrlMatcher} urlMatcher The `UrlMatcher` object which is used as the template of the URL to generate.
       * @param {object=} params An object of parameter values to fill the matcher's required parameters.
       * @param {object=} options Options object. The options are:
       *
       * - **`absolute`** - {boolean=false},  If true will generate an absolute url, e.g. "http://www.example.com/fullurl".
       *
       * @returns {string} Returns the fully compiled URL, or `null` if `params` fail validation against `urlMatcher`
       */
      href: function(urlMatcher, params, options) {
        if (!urlMatcher.validates(params)) return null;

        var isHtml5 = $locationProvider.html5Mode();
        var url = urlMatcher.format(params);
        options = options || {};

        if (!isHtml5 && url !== null) {
          url = "#" + $locationProvider.hashPrefix() + url;
        }
        url = appendBasePath(url, isHtml5, options.absolute);

        if (!options.absolute || !url) {
          return url;
        }

        var slash = (!isHtml5 && url ? '/' : ''), port = $location.port();
        port = (port === 80 || port === 443 ? '' : ':' + port);

        return [$location.protocol(), '://', $location.host(), port, slash, url].join('');
      }
    };
  }
}

angular.module('ui.router.router').provider('$urlRouter', $UrlRouterProvider);

/**
 * @ngdoc object
 * @name ui.router.state.$stateProvider
 *
 * @requires ui.router.router.$urlRouterProvider
 * @requires ui.router.util.$urlMatcherFactoryProvider
 *
 * @description
 * The new `$stateProvider` works similar to Angular's v1 router, but it focuses purely
 * on state.
 *
 * A state corresponds to a "place" in the application in terms of the overall UI and
 * navigation. A state describes (via the controller / template / view properties) what
 * the UI looks like and does at that place.
 *
 * States often have things in common, and the primary way of factoring out these
 * commonalities in this model is via the state hierarchy, i.e. parent/child states aka
 * nested states.
 *
 * The `$stateProvider` provides interfaces to declare these states for your app.
 */
$StateProvider.$inject = ['$urlRouterProvider', '$urlMatcherFactoryProvider'];
function $StateProvider(   $urlRouterProvider,   $urlMatcherFactory) {

  var root, states = {}, $state, queue = {}, abstractKey = 'abstract';

  // Builds state properties from definition passed to registerState()
  var stateBuilder = {

    // Derive parent state from a hierarchical name only if 'parent' is not explicitly defined.
    // state.children = [];
    // if (parent) parent.children.push(state);
    parent: function(state) {
      if (isDefined(state.parent) && state.parent) return findState(state.parent);
      // regex matches any valid composite state name
      // would match "contact.list" but not "contacts"
      var compositeName = /^(.+)\.[^.]+$/.exec(state.name);
      return compositeName ? findState(compositeName[1]) : root;
    },

    // inherit 'data' from parent and override by own values (if any)
    data: function(state) {
      if (state.parent && state.parent.data) {
        state.data = state.self.data = extend({}, state.parent.data, state.data);
      }
      return state.data;
    },

    // Build a URLMatcher if necessary, either via a relative or absolute URL
    url: function(state) {
      var url = state.url, config = { params: state.params || {} };

      if (isString(url)) {
        if (url.charAt(0) == '^') return $urlMatcherFactory.compile(url.substring(1), config);
        return (state.parent.navigable || root).url.concat(url, config);
      }

      if (!url || $urlMatcherFactory.isMatcher(url)) return url;
      throw new Error("Invalid url '" + url + "' in state '" + state + "'");
    },

    // Keep track of the closest ancestor state that has a URL (i.e. is navigable)
    navigable: function(state) {
      return state.url ? state : (state.parent ? state.parent.navigable : null);
    },

    // Derive parameters for this state and ensure they're a super-set of parent's parameters
    params: function(state) {
      if (!state.params) {
        return state.url ? state.url.params : state.parent.params;
      }
      return state.params;
    },

    // If there is no explicit multi-view configuration, make one up so we don't have
    // to handle both cases in the view directive later. Note that having an explicit
    // 'views' property will mean the default unnamed view properties are ignored. This
    // is also a good time to resolve view names to absolute names, so everything is a
    // straight lookup at link time.
    views: function(state) {
      var views = {};

      forEach(isDefined(state.views) ? state.views : { '': state }, function (view, name) {
        if (name.indexOf('@') < 0) name += '@' + state.parent.name;
        views[name] = view;
      });
      return views;
    },

    ownParams: function(state) {
      state.params = state.params || {};

      if (!state.parent) {
          return objectKeys(state.params);
      }
      var paramNames = {}; forEach(state.params, function (v, k) { paramNames[k] = true; });

      forEach(state.parent.params, function (v, k) {
        if (!paramNames[k]) {
          throw new Error("Missing required parameter '" + k + "' in state '" + state.name + "'");
        }
        paramNames[k] = false;
      });
      var ownParams = [];

      forEach(paramNames, function (own, p) {
        if (own) ownParams.push(p);
      });
      return ownParams;
    },

    // Keep a full path from the root down to this state as this is needed for state activation.
    path: function(state) {
      return state.parent ? state.parent.path.concat(state) : []; // exclude root from path
    },

    // Speed up $state.contains() as it's used a lot
    includes: function(state) {
      var includes = state.parent ? extend({}, state.parent.includes) : {};
      includes[state.name] = true;
      return includes;
    },

    $delegates: {}
  };

  function isRelative(stateName) {
    return stateName.indexOf(".") === 0 || stateName.indexOf("^") === 0;
  }

  function findState(stateOrName, base) {
    if (!stateOrName) return undefined;

    var isStr = isString(stateOrName),
        name  = isStr ? stateOrName : stateOrName.name,
        path  = isRelative(name);

    if (path) {
      if (!base) throw new Error("No reference point given for path '"  + name + "'");
      var rel = name.split("."), i = 0, pathLength = rel.length, current = base;

      for (; i < pathLength; i++) {
        if (rel[i] === "" && i === 0) {
          current = base;
          continue;
        }
        if (rel[i] === "^") {
          if (!current.parent) throw new Error("Path '" + name + "' not valid for state '" + base.name + "'");
          current = current.parent;
          continue;
        }
        break;
      }
      rel = rel.slice(i).join(".");
      name = current.name + (current.name && rel ? "." : "") + rel;
    }
    var state = states[name];

    if (state && (isStr || (!isStr && (state === stateOrName || state.self === stateOrName)))) {
      return state;
    }
    return undefined;
  }

  function queueState(parentName, state) {
    if (!queue[parentName]) {
      queue[parentName] = [];
    }
    queue[parentName].push(state);
  }

  function registerState(state) {
    // Wrap a new object around the state so we can store our private details easily.
    state = inherit(state, {
      self: state,
      resolve: state.resolve || {},
      toString: function() { return this.name; }
    });

    var name = state.name;
    if (!isString(name) || name.indexOf('@') >= 0) throw new Error("State must have a valid name");
    if (states.hasOwnProperty(name)) throw new Error("State '" + name + "'' is already defined");

    // Get parent name
    var parentName = (name.indexOf('.') !== -1) ? name.substring(0, name.lastIndexOf('.'))
        : (isString(state.parent)) ? state.parent
        : '';

    // If parent is not registered yet, add state to queue and register later
    if (parentName && !states[parentName]) {
      return queueState(parentName, state.self);
    }

    for (var key in stateBuilder) {
      if (isFunction(stateBuilder[key])) state[key] = stateBuilder[key](state, stateBuilder.$delegates[key]);
    }
    states[name] = state;

    // Register the state in the global state list and with $urlRouter if necessary.
    if (!state[abstractKey] && state.url) {
      $urlRouterProvider.when(state.url, ['$match', '$stateParams', function ($match, $stateParams) {
        if ($state.$current.navigable != state || !equalForKeys($match, $stateParams)) {
          $state.transitionTo(state, $match, { location: false });
        }
      }]);
    }

    // Register any queued children
    if (queue[name]) {
      for (var i = 0; i < queue[name].length; i++) {
        registerState(queue[name][i]);
      }
    }

    return state;
  }

  // Checks text to see if it looks like a glob.
  function isGlob (text) {
    return text.indexOf('*') > -1;
  }

  // Returns true if glob matches current $state name.
  function doesStateMatchGlob (glob) {
    var globSegments = glob.split('.'),
        segments = $state.$current.name.split('.');

    //match greedy starts
    if (globSegments[0] === '**') {
       segments = segments.slice(segments.indexOf(globSegments[1]));
       segments.unshift('**');
    }
    //match greedy ends
    if (globSegments[globSegments.length - 1] === '**') {
       segments.splice(segments.indexOf(globSegments[globSegments.length - 2]) + 1, Number.MAX_VALUE);
       segments.push('**');
    }

    if (globSegments.length != segments.length) {
      return false;
    }

    //match single stars
    for (var i = 0, l = globSegments.length; i < l; i++) {
      if (globSegments[i] === '*') {
        segments[i] = '*';
      }
    }

    return segments.join('') === globSegments.join('');
  }


  // Implicit root state that is always active
  root = registerState({
    name: '',
    url: '^',
    views: null,
    'abstract': true
  });
  root.navigable = null;


  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name ui.router.state.$stateProvider#decorator
   * @methodOf ui.router.state.$stateProvider
   *
   * @description
   * Allows you to extend (carefully) or override (at your own peril) the 
   * `stateBuilder` object used internally by `$stateProvider`. This can be used 
   * to add custom functionality to ui-router, for example inferring templateUrl 
   * based on the state name.
   *
   * When passing only a name, it returns the current (original or decorated) builder
   * function that matches `name`.
   *
   * The builder functions that can be decorated are listed below. Though not all
   * necessarily have a good use case for decoration, that is up to you to decide.
   *
   * In addition, users can attach custom decorators, which will generate new 
   * properties within the state's internal definition. There is currently no clear 
   * use-case for this beyond accessing internal states (i.e. $state.$current), 
   * however, expect this to become increasingly relevant as we introduce additional 
   * meta-programming features.
   *
   * **Warning**: Decorators should not be interdependent because the order of 
   * execution of the builder functions in non-deterministic. Builder functions 
   * should only be dependent on the state definition object and super function.
   *
   *
   * Existing builder functions and current return values:
   *
   * - **parent** `{object}` - returns the parent state object.
   * - **data** `{object}` - returns state data, including any inherited data that is not
   *   overridden by own values (if any).
   * - **url** `{object}` - returns a {@link ui.router.util.type:UrlMatcher UrlMatcher}
   *   or `null`.
   * - **navigable** `{object}` - returns closest ancestor state that has a URL (aka is 
   *   navigable).
   * - **params** `{object}` - returns an array of state params that are ensured to 
   *   be a super-set of parent's params.
   * - **views** `{object}` - returns a views object where each key is an absolute view 
   *   name (i.e. "viewName@stateName") and each value is the config object 
   *   (template, controller) for the view. Even when you don't use the views object 
   *   explicitly on a state config, one is still created for you internally.
   *   So by decorating this builder function you have access to decorating template 
   *   and controller properties.
   * - **ownParams** `{object}` - returns an array of params that belong to the state, 
   *   not including any params defined by ancestor states.
   * - **path** `{string}` - returns the full path from the root down to this state. 
   *   Needed for state activation.
   * - **includes** `{object}` - returns an object that includes every state that 
   *   would pass a `$state.includes()` test.
   *
   * @example
   * <pre>
   * // Override the internal 'views' builder with a function that takes the state
   * // definition, and a reference to the internal function being overridden:
   * $stateProvider.decorator('views', function (state, parent) {
   *   var result = {},
   *       views = parent(state);
   *
   *   angular.forEach(views, function (config, name) {
   *     var autoName = (state.name + '.' + name).replace('.', '/');
   *     config.templateUrl = config.templateUrl || '/partials/' + autoName + '.html';
   *     result[name] = config;
   *   });
   *   return result;
   * });
   *
   * $stateProvider.state('home', {
   *   views: {
   *     'contact.list': { controller: 'ListController' },
   *     'contact.item': { controller: 'ItemController' }
   *   }
   * });
   *
   * // ...
   *
   * $state.go('home');
   * // Auto-populates list and item views with /partials/home/contact/list.html,
   * // and /partials/home/contact/item.html, respectively.
   * </pre>
   *
   * @param {string} name The name of the builder function to decorate. 
   * @param {object} func A function that is responsible for decorating the original 
   * builder function. The function receives two parameters:
   *
   *   - `{object}` - state - The state config object.
   *   - `{object}` - super - The original builder function.
   *
   * @return {object} $stateProvider - $stateProvider instance
   */
  this.decorator = decorator;
  function decorator(name, func) {
    /*jshint validthis: true */
    if (isString(name) && !isDefined(func)) {
      return stateBuilder[name];
    }
    if (!isFunction(func) || !isString(name)) {
      return this;
    }
    if (stateBuilder[name] && !stateBuilder.$delegates[name]) {
      stateBuilder.$delegates[name] = stateBuilder[name];
    }
    stateBuilder[name] = func;
    return this;
  }

  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name ui.router.state.$stateProvider#state
   * @methodOf ui.router.state.$stateProvider
   *
   * @description
   * Registers a state configuration under a given state name. The stateConfig object
   * has the following acceptable properties.
   *
   * <a id='template'></a>
   *
   * - **`template`** - {string|function=} - html template as a string or a function that returns
   *   an html template as a string which should be used by the uiView directives. This property 
   *   takes precedence over templateUrl.
   *   
   *   If `template` is a function, it will be called with the following parameters:
   *
   *   - {array.&lt;object&gt;} - state parameters extracted from the current $location.path() by
   *     applying the current state
   *
   * <a id='templateUrl'></a>
   *
   * - **`templateUrl`** - {string|function=} - path or function that returns a path to an html 
   *   template that should be used by uiView.
   *   
   *   If `templateUrl` is a function, it will be called with the following parameters:
   *
   *   - {array.&lt;object&gt;} - state parameters extracted from the current $location.path() by 
   *     applying the current state
   *
   * <a id='templateProvider'></a>
   *
   * - **`templateProvider`** - {function=} - Provider function that returns HTML content
   *   string.
   *
   * <a id='controller'></a>
   *
   * - **`controller`** - {string|function=} -  Controller fn that should be associated with newly 
   *   related scope or the name of a registered controller if passed as a string.
   *
   * <a id='controllerProvider'></a>
   *
   * - **`controllerProvider`** - {function=} - Injectable provider function that returns
   *   the actual controller or string.
   *
   * <a id='controllerAs'></a>
   * 
   * - **`controllerAs`** – {string=} – A controller alias name. If present the controller will be 
   *   published to scope under the controllerAs name.
   *
   * <a id='resolve'></a>
   *
   * - **`resolve`** - {object.&lt;string, function&gt;=} - An optional map of dependencies which 
   *   should be injected into the controller. If any of these dependencies are promises, 
   *   the router will wait for them all to be resolved or one to be rejected before the 
   *   controller is instantiated. If all the promises are resolved successfully, the values 
   *   of the resolved promises are injected and $stateChangeSuccess event is fired. If any 
   *   of the promises are rejected the $stateChangeError event is fired. The map object is:
   *   
   *   - key - {string}: name of dependency to be injected into controller
   *   - factory - {string|function}: If string then it is alias for service. Otherwise if function, 
   *     it is injected and return value it treated as dependency. If result is a promise, it is 
   *     resolved before its value is injected into controller.
   *
   * <a id='url'></a>
   *
   * - **`url`** - {string=} - A url with optional parameters. When a state is navigated or
   *   transitioned to, the `$stateParams` service will be populated with any 
   *   parameters that were passed.
   *
   * <a id='params'></a>
   *
   * - **`params`** - {object=} - An array of parameter names or regular expressions. Only 
   *   use this within a state if you are not using url. Otherwise you can specify your
   *   parameters within the url. When a state is navigated or transitioned to, the 
   *   $stateParams service will be populated with any parameters that were passed.
   *
   * <a id='views'></a>
   *
   * - **`views`** - {object=} - Use the views property to set up multiple views or to target views
   *   manually/explicitly.
   *
   * <a id='abstract'></a>
   *
   * - **`abstract`** - {boolean=} - An abstract state will never be directly activated, 
   *   but can provide inherited properties to its common children states.
   *
   * <a id='onEnter'></a>
   *
   * - **`onEnter`** - {object=} - Callback function for when a state is entered. Good way
   *   to trigger an action or dispatch an event, such as opening a dialog.
   * If minifying your scripts, make sure to use the `['injection1', 'injection2', function(injection1, injection2){}]` syntax.
   *
   * <a id='onExit'></a>
   *
   * - **`onExit`** - {object=} - Callback function for when a state is exited. Good way to
   *   trigger an action or dispatch an event, such as opening a dialog.
   * If minifying your scripts, make sure to use the `['injection1', 'injection2', function(injection1, injection2){}]` syntax.
   *
   * <a id='reloadOnSearch'></a>
   *
   * - **`reloadOnSearch = true`** - {boolean=} - If `false`, will not retrigger the same state 
   *   just because a search/query parameter has changed (via $location.search() or $location.hash()). 
   *   Useful for when you'd like to modify $location.search() without triggering a reload.
   *
   * <a id='data'></a>
   *
   * - **`data`** - {object=} - Arbitrary data object, useful for custom configuration.
   *
   * @example
   * <pre>
   * // Some state name examples
   *
   * // stateName can be a single top-level name (must be unique).
   * $stateProvider.state("home", {});
   *
   * // Or it can be a nested state name. This state is a child of the 
   * // above "home" state.
   * $stateProvider.state("home.newest", {});
   *
   * // Nest states as deeply as needed.
   * $stateProvider.state("home.newest.abc.xyz.inception", {});
   *
   * // state() returns $stateProvider, so you can chain state declarations.
   * $stateProvider
   *   .state("home", {})
   *   .state("about", {})
   *   .state("contacts", {});
   * </pre>
   *
   * @param {string} name A unique state name, e.g. "home", "about", "contacts". 
   * To create a parent/child state use a dot, e.g. "about.sales", "home.newest".
   * @param {object} definition State configuration object.
   */
  this.state = state;
  function state(name, definition) {
    /*jshint validthis: true */
    if (isObject(name)) definition = name;
    else definition.name = name;
    registerState(definition);
    return this;
  }

  /**
   * @ngdoc object
   * @name ui.router.state.$state
   *
   * @requires $rootScope
   * @requires $q
   * @requires ui.router.state.$view
   * @requires $injector
   * @requires ui.router.util.$resolve
   * @requires ui.router.state.$stateParams
   * @requires ui.router.router.$urlRouter
   *
   * @property {object} params A param object, e.g. {sectionId: section.id)}, that 
   * you'd like to test against the current active state.
   * @property {object} current A reference to the state's config object. However 
   * you passed it in. Useful for accessing custom data.
   * @property {object} transition Currently pending transition. A promise that'll 
   * resolve or reject.
   *
   * @description
   * `$state` service is responsible for representing states as well as transitioning
   * between them. It also provides interfaces to ask for current state or even states
   * you're coming from.
   */
  this.$get = $get;
  $get.$inject = ['$rootScope', '$q', '$view', '$injector', '$resolve', '$stateParams', '$urlRouter'];
  function $get(   $rootScope,   $q,   $view,   $injector,   $resolve,   $stateParams,   $urlRouter) {

    var TransitionSuperseded = $q.reject(new Error('transition superseded'));
    var TransitionPrevented = $q.reject(new Error('transition prevented'));
    var TransitionAborted = $q.reject(new Error('transition aborted'));
    var TransitionFailed = $q.reject(new Error('transition failed'));

    // Handles the case where a state which is the target of a transition is not found, and the user
    // can optionally retry or defer the transition
    function handleRedirect(redirect, state, params, options) {
      /**
       * @ngdoc event
       * @name ui.router.state.$state#$stateNotFound
       * @eventOf ui.router.state.$state
       * @eventType broadcast on root scope
       * @description
       * Fired when a requested state **cannot be found** using the provided state name during transition.
       * The event is broadcast allowing any handlers a single chance to deal with the error (usually by
       * lazy-loading the unfound state). A special `unfoundState` object is passed to the listener handler,
       * you can see its three properties in the example. You can use `event.preventDefault()` to abort the
       * transition and the promise returned from `go` will be rejected with a `'transition aborted'` value.
       *
       * @param {Object} event Event object.
       * @param {Object} unfoundState Unfound State information. Contains: `to, toParams, options` properties.
       * @param {State} fromState Current state object.
       * @param {Object} fromParams Current state params.
       *
       * @example
       *
       * <pre>
       * // somewhere, assume lazy.state has not been defined
       * $state.go("lazy.state", {a:1, b:2}, {inherit:false});
       *
       * // somewhere else
       * $scope.$on('$stateNotFound',
       * function(event, unfoundState, fromState, fromParams){
       *     console.log(unfoundState.to); // "lazy.state"
       *     console.log(unfoundState.toParams); // {a:1, b:2}
       *     console.log(unfoundState.options); // {inherit:false} + default options
       * })
       * </pre>
       */
      var evt = $rootScope.$broadcast('$stateNotFound', redirect, state, params);

      if (evt.defaultPrevented) {
        $urlRouter.update();
        return TransitionAborted;
      }

      if (!evt.retry) {
        return null;
      }

      // Allow the handler to return a promise to defer state lookup retry
      if (options.$retry) {
        $urlRouter.update();
        return TransitionFailed;
      }
      var retryTransition = $state.transition = $q.when(evt.retry);

      retryTransition.then(function() {
        if (retryTransition !== $state.transition) return TransitionSuperseded;
        redirect.options.$retry = true;
        return $state.transitionTo(redirect.to, redirect.toParams, redirect.options);
      }, function() {
        return TransitionAborted;
      });
      $urlRouter.update();

      return retryTransition;
    }

    root.locals = { resolve: null, globals: { $stateParams: {} } };

    $state = {
      params: {},
      current: root.self,
      $current: root,
      transition: null
    };

    /**
     * @ngdoc function
     * @name ui.router.state.$state#reload
     * @methodOf ui.router.state.$state
     *
     * @description
     * A method that force reloads the current state. All resolves are re-resolved, events are not re-fired, 
     * and controllers reinstantiated (bug with controllers reinstantiating right now, fixing soon).
     *
     * @example
     * <pre>
     * var app angular.module('app', ['ui.router']);
     *
     * app.controller('ctrl', function ($scope, $state) {
     *   $scope.reload = function(){
     *     $state.reload();
     *   }
     * });
     * </pre>
     *
     * `reload()` is just an alias for:
     * <pre>
     * $state.transitionTo($state.current, $stateParams, { 
     *   reload: true, inherit: false, notify: false 
     * });
     * </pre>
     */
    $state.reload = function reload() {
      $state.transitionTo($state.current, $stateParams, { reload: true, inherit: false, notify: false });
    };

    /**
     * @ngdoc function
     * @name ui.router.state.$state#go
     * @methodOf ui.router.state.$state
     *
     * @description
     * Convenience method for transitioning to a new state. `$state.go` calls 
     * `$state.transitionTo` internally but automatically sets options to 
     * `{ location: true, inherit: true, relative: $state.$current, notify: true }`. 
     * This allows you to easily use an absolute or relative to path and specify 
     * only the parameters you'd like to update (while letting unspecified parameters 
     * inherit from the currently active ancestor states).
     *
     * @example
     * <pre>
     * var app = angular.module('app', ['ui.router']);
     *
     * app.controller('ctrl', function ($scope, $state) {
     *   $scope.changeState = function () {
     *     $state.go('contact.detail');
     *   };
     * });
     * </pre>
     * <img src='../ngdoc_assets/StateGoExamples.png'/>
     *
     * @param {string} to Absolute state name or relative state path. Some examples:
     *
     * - `$state.go('contact.detail')` - will go to the `contact.detail` state
     * - `$state.go('^')` - will go to a parent state
     * - `$state.go('^.sibling')` - will go to a sibling state
     * - `$state.go('.child.grandchild')` - will go to grandchild state
     *
     * @param {object=} params A map of the parameters that will be sent to the state, 
     * will populate $stateParams. Any parameters that are not specified will be inherited from currently 
     * defined parameters. This allows, for example, going to a sibling state that shares parameters
     * specified in a parent state. Parameter inheritance only works between common ancestor states, I.e.
     * transitioning to a sibling will get you the parameters for all parents, transitioning to a child
     * will get you all current parameters, etc.
     * @param {object=} options Options object. The options are:
     *
     * - **`location`** - {boolean=true|string=} - If `true` will update the url in the location bar, if `false`
     *    will not. If string, must be `"replace"`, which will update url and also replace last history record.
     * - **`inherit`** - {boolean=true}, If `true` will inherit url parameters from current url.
     * - **`relative`** - {object=$state.$current}, When transitioning with relative path (e.g '^'), 
     *    defines which state to be relative from.
     * - **`notify`** - {boolean=true}, If `true` will broadcast $stateChangeStart and $stateChangeSuccess events.
     * - **`reload`** (v0.2.5) - {boolean=false}, If `true` will force transition even if the state or params 
     *    have not changed, aka a reload of the same state. It differs from reloadOnSearch because you'd
     *    use this when you want to force a reload when *everything* is the same, including search params.
     *
     * @returns {promise} A promise representing the state of the new transition.
     *
     * Possible success values:
     *
     * - $state.current
     *
     * <br/>Possible rejection values:
     *
     * - 'transition superseded' - when a newer transition has been started after this one
     * - 'transition prevented' - when `event.preventDefault()` has been called in a `$stateChangeStart` listener
     * - 'transition aborted' - when `event.preventDefault()` has been called in a `$stateNotFound` listener or
     *   when a `$stateNotFound` `event.retry` promise errors.
     * - 'transition failed' - when a state has been unsuccessfully found after 2 tries.
     * - *resolve error* - when an error has occurred with a `resolve`
     *
     */
    $state.go = function go(to, params, options) {
      return $state.transitionTo(to, params, extend({ inherit: true, relative: $state.$current }, options));
    };

    /**
     * @ngdoc function
     * @name ui.router.state.$state#transitionTo
     * @methodOf ui.router.state.$state
     *
     * @description
     * Low-level method for transitioning to a new state. {@link ui.router.state.$state#methods_go $state.go}
     * uses `transitionTo` internally. `$state.go` is recommended in most situations.
     *
     * @example
     * <pre>
     * var app = angular.module('app', ['ui.router']);
     *
     * app.controller('ctrl', function ($scope, $state) {
     *   $scope.changeState = function () {
     *     $state.transitionTo('contact.detail');
     *   };
     * });
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param {string} to State name.
     * @param {object=} toParams A map of the parameters that will be sent to the state,
     * will populate $stateParams.
     * @param {object=} options Options object. The options are:
     *
     * - **`location`** - {boolean=true|string=} - If `true` will update the url in the location bar, if `false`
     *    will not. If string, must be `"replace"`, which will update url and also replace last history record.
     * - **`inherit`** - {boolean=false}, If `true` will inherit url parameters from current url.
     * - **`relative`** - {object=}, When transitioning with relative path (e.g '^'), 
     *    defines which state to be relative from.
     * - **`notify`** - {boolean=true}, If `true` will broadcast $stateChangeStart and $stateChangeSuccess events.
     * - **`reload`** (v0.2.5) - {boolean=false}, If `true` will force transition even if the state or params 
     *    have not changed, aka a reload of the same state. It differs from reloadOnSearch because you'd
     *    use this when you want to force a reload when *everything* is the same, including search params.
     *
     * @returns {promise} A promise representing the state of the new transition. See
     * {@link ui.router.state.$state#methods_go $state.go}.
     */
    $state.transitionTo = function transitionTo(to, toParams, options) {
      toParams = toParams || {};
      options = extend({
        location: true, inherit: false, relative: null, notify: true, reload: false, $retry: false
      }, options || {});

      var from = $state.$current, fromParams = $state.params, fromPath = from.path;
      var evt, toState = findState(to, options.relative);

      if (!isDefined(toState)) {
        var redirect = { to: to, toParams: toParams, options: options };
        var redirectResult = handleRedirect(redirect, from.self, fromParams, options);

        if (redirectResult) {
          return redirectResult;
        }

        // Always retry once if the $stateNotFound was not prevented
        // (handles either redirect changed or state lazy-definition)
        to = redirect.to;
        toParams = redirect.toParams;
        options = redirect.options;
        toState = findState(to, options.relative);

        if (!isDefined(toState)) {
          if (!options.relative) throw new Error("No such state '" + to + "'");
          throw new Error("Could not resolve '" + to + "' from state '" + options.relative + "'");
        }
      }
      if (toState[abstractKey]) throw new Error("Cannot transition to abstract state '" + to + "'");
      if (options.inherit) toParams = inheritParams($stateParams, toParams || {}, $state.$current, toState);
      to = toState;

      var toPath = to.path;

      // Starting from the root of the path, keep all levels that haven't changed
      var keep = 0, state = toPath[keep], locals = root.locals, toLocals = [];

      if (!options.reload) {
        while (state && state === fromPath[keep] && equalForKeys(toParams, fromParams, state.ownParams)) {
          locals = toLocals[keep] = state.locals;
          keep++;
          state = toPath[keep];
        }
      }

      // If we're going to the same state and all locals are kept, we've got nothing to do.
      // But clear 'transition', as we still want to cancel any other pending transitions.
      // TODO: We may not want to bump 'transition' if we're called from a location change
      // that we've initiated ourselves, because we might accidentally abort a legitimate
      // transition initiated from code?
      if (shouldTriggerReload(to, from, locals, options)) {
        if (to.self.reloadOnSearch !== false) $urlRouter.update();
        $state.transition = null;
        return $q.when($state.current);
      }

      // Filter parameters before we pass them to event handlers etc.
      toParams = filterByKeys(objectKeys(to.params), toParams || {});

      // Broadcast start event and cancel the transition if requested
      if (options.notify) {
        /**
         * @ngdoc event
         * @name ui.router.state.$state#$stateChangeStart
         * @eventOf ui.router.state.$state
         * @eventType broadcast on root scope
         * @description
         * Fired when the state transition **begins**. You can use `event.preventDefault()`
         * to prevent the transition from happening and then the transition promise will be
         * rejected with a `'transition prevented'` value.
         *
         * @param {Object} event Event object.
         * @param {State} toState The state being transitioned to.
         * @param {Object} toParams The params supplied to the `toState`.
         * @param {State} fromState The current state, pre-transition.
         * @param {Object} fromParams The params supplied to the `fromState`.
         *
         * @example
         *
         * <pre>
         * $rootScope.$on('$stateChangeStart',
         * function(event, toState, toParams, fromState, fromParams){
         *     event.preventDefault();
         *     // transitionTo() promise will be rejected with
         *     // a 'transition prevented' error
         * })
         * </pre>
         */
        if ($rootScope.$broadcast('$stateChangeStart', to.self, toParams, from.self, fromParams).defaultPrevented) {
          $urlRouter.update();
          return TransitionPrevented;
        }
      }

      // Resolve locals for the remaining states, but don't update any global state just
      // yet -- if anything fails to resolve the current state needs to remain untouched.
      // We also set up an inheritance chain for the locals here. This allows the view directive
      // to quickly look up the correct definition for each view in the current state. Even
      // though we create the locals object itself outside resolveState(), it is initially
      // empty and gets filled asynchronously. We need to keep track of the promise for the
      // (fully resolved) current locals, and pass this down the chain.
      var resolved = $q.when(locals);

      for (var l = keep; l < toPath.length; l++, state = toPath[l]) {
        locals = toLocals[l] = inherit(locals);
        resolved = resolveState(state, toParams, state === to, resolved, locals);
      }

      // Once everything is resolved, we are ready to perform the actual transition
      // and return a promise for the new state. We also keep track of what the
      // current promise is, so that we can detect overlapping transitions and
      // keep only the outcome of the last transition.
      var transition = $state.transition = resolved.then(function () {
        var l, entering, exiting;

        if ($state.transition !== transition) return TransitionSuperseded;

        // Exit 'from' states not kept
        for (l = fromPath.length - 1; l >= keep; l--) {
          exiting = fromPath[l];
          if (exiting.self.onExit) {
            $injector.invoke(exiting.self.onExit, exiting.self, exiting.locals.globals);
          }
          exiting.locals = null;
        }

        // Enter 'to' states not kept
        for (l = keep; l < toPath.length; l++) {
          entering = toPath[l];
          entering.locals = toLocals[l];
          if (entering.self.onEnter) {
            $injector.invoke(entering.self.onEnter, entering.self, entering.locals.globals);
          }
        }

        // Run it again, to catch any transitions in callbacks
        if ($state.transition !== transition) return TransitionSuperseded;

        // Update globals in $state
        $state.$current = to;
        $state.current = to.self;
        $state.params = toParams;
        copy($state.params, $stateParams);
        $state.transition = null;

        if (options.location && to.navigable) {
          $urlRouter.push(to.navigable.url, to.navigable.locals.globals.$stateParams, {
            replace: options.location === 'replace'
          });
        }

        if (options.notify) {
        /**
         * @ngdoc event
         * @name ui.router.state.$state#$stateChangeSuccess
         * @eventOf ui.router.state.$state
         * @eventType broadcast on root scope
         * @description
         * Fired once the state transition is **complete**.
         *
         * @param {Object} event Event object.
         * @param {State} toState The state being transitioned to.
         * @param {Object} toParams The params supplied to the `toState`.
         * @param {State} fromState The current state, pre-transition.
         * @param {Object} fromParams The params supplied to the `fromState`.
         */
          $rootScope.$broadcast('$stateChangeSuccess', to.self, toParams, from.self, fromParams);
        }
        $urlRouter.update(true);

        return $state.current;
      }, function (error) {
        if ($state.transition !== transition) return TransitionSuperseded;

        $state.transition = null;
        /**
         * @ngdoc event
         * @name ui.router.state.$state#$stateChangeError
         * @eventOf ui.router.state.$state
         * @eventType broadcast on root scope
         * @description
         * Fired when an **error occurs** during transition. It's important to note that if you
         * have any errors in your resolve functions (javascript errors, non-existent services, etc)
         * they will not throw traditionally. You must listen for this $stateChangeError event to
         * catch **ALL** errors.
         *
         * @param {Object} event Event object.
         * @param {State} toState The state being transitioned to.
         * @param {Object} toParams The params supplied to the `toState`.
         * @param {State} fromState The current state, pre-transition.
         * @param {Object} fromParams The params supplied to the `fromState`.
         * @param {Error} error The resolve error object.
         */
        evt = $rootScope.$broadcast('$stateChangeError', to.self, toParams, from.self, fromParams, error);

        if (!evt.defaultPrevented) {
            $urlRouter.update();
        }

        return $q.reject(error);
      });

      return transition;
    };

    /**
     * @ngdoc function
     * @name ui.router.state.$state#is
     * @methodOf ui.router.state.$state
     *
     * @description
     * Similar to {@link ui.router.state.$state#methods_includes $state.includes},
     * but only checks for the full state name. If params is supplied then it will be 
     * tested for strict equality against the current active params object, so all params 
     * must match with none missing and no extras.
     *
     * @example
     * <pre>
     * $state.$current.name = 'contacts.details.item';
     *
     * // absolute name
     * $state.is('contact.details.item'); // returns true
     * $state.is(contactDetailItemStateObject); // returns true
     *
     * // relative name (. and ^), typically from a template
     * // E.g. from the 'contacts.details' template
     * <div ng-class="{highlighted: $state.is('.item')}">Item</div>
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param {string|object} stateName The state name (absolute or relative) or state object you'd like to check.
     * @param {object=} params A param object, e.g. `{sectionId: section.id}`, that you'd like 
     * to test against the current active state.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns true if it is the state.
     */
    $state.is = function is(stateOrName, params) {
      var state = findState(stateOrName);

      if (!isDefined(state)) {
        return undefined;
      }

      if ($state.$current !== state) {
        return false;
      }

      return isDefined(params) && params !== null ? angular.equals($stateParams, params) : true;
    };

    /**
     * @ngdoc function
     * @name ui.router.state.$state#includes
     * @methodOf ui.router.state.$state
     *
     * @description
     * A method to determine if the current active state is equal to or is the child of the
     * state stateName. If any params are passed then they will be tested for a match as well.
     * Not all the parameters need to be passed, just the ones you'd like to test for equality.
     *
     * @example
     * Partial and relative names
     * <pre>
     * $state.$current.name = 'contacts.details.item';
     *
     * // Using partial names
     * $state.includes("contacts"); // returns true
     * $state.includes("contacts.details"); // returns true
     * $state.includes("contacts.details.item"); // returns true
     * $state.includes("contacts.list"); // returns false
     * $state.includes("about"); // returns false
     *
     * // Using relative names (. and ^), typically from a template
     * // E.g. from the 'contacts.details' template
     * <div ng-class="{highlighted: $state.includes('.item')}">Item</div>
     * </pre>
     *
     * Basic globbing patterns
     * <pre>
     * $state.$current.name = 'contacts.details.item.url';
     *
     * $state.includes("*.details.*.*"); // returns true
     * $state.includes("*.details.**"); // returns true
     * $state.includes("**.item.**"); // returns true
     * $state.includes("*.details.item.url"); // returns true
     * $state.includes("*.details.*.url"); // returns true
     * $state.includes("*.details.*"); // returns false
     * $state.includes("item.**"); // returns false
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param {string} stateOrName A partial name, relative name, or glob pattern
     * to be searched for within the current state name.
     * @param {object} params A param object, e.g. `{sectionId: section.id}`,
     * that you'd like to test against the current active state.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns true if it does include the state
     */
    $state.includes = function includes(stateOrName, params) {
      if (isString(stateOrName) && isGlob(stateOrName)) {
        if (!doesStateMatchGlob(stateOrName)) {
          return false;
        }
        stateOrName = $state.$current.name;
      }
      var state = findState(stateOrName);

      if (!isDefined(state)) {
        return undefined;
      }
      if (!isDefined($state.$current.includes[state.name])) {
        return false;
      }
      return equalForKeys(params, $stateParams);
    };


    /**
     * @ngdoc function
     * @name ui.router.state.$state#href
     * @methodOf ui.router.state.$state
     *
     * @description
     * A url generation method that returns the compiled url for the given state populated with the given params.
     *
     * @example
     * <pre>
     * expect($state.href("about.person", { person: "bob" })).toEqual("/about/bob");
     * </pre>
     *
     * @param {string|object} stateOrName The state name or state object you'd like to generate a url from.
     * @param {object=} params An object of parameter values to fill the state's required parameters.
     * @param {object=} options Options object. The options are:
     *
     * - **`lossy`** - {boolean=true} -  If true, and if there is no url associated with the state provided in the
     *    first parameter, then the constructed href url will be built from the first navigable ancestor (aka
     *    ancestor with a valid url).
     * - **`inherit`** - {boolean=false}, If `true` will inherit url parameters from current url.
     * - **`relative`** - {object=$state.$current}, When transitioning with relative path (e.g '^'), 
     *    defines which state to be relative from.
     * - **`absolute`** - {boolean=false},  If true will generate an absolute url, e.g. "http://www.example.com/fullurl".
     * 
     * @returns {string} compiled state url
     */
    $state.href = function href(stateOrName, params, options) {
      options = extend({
        lossy:    true,
        inherit:  false,
        absolute: false,
        relative: $state.$current
      }, options || {});

      var state = findState(stateOrName, options.relative);

      if (!isDefined(state)) return null;
      if (options.inherit) params = inheritParams($stateParams, params || {}, $state.$current, state);
      
      var nav = (state && options.lossy) ? state.navigable : state;

      if (!nav || !nav.url) {
        return null;
      }
      return $urlRouter.href(nav.url, filterByKeys(objectKeys(state.params), params || {}), {
        absolute: options.absolute
      });
    };

    /**
     * @ngdoc function
     * @name ui.router.state.$state#get
     * @methodOf ui.router.state.$state
     *
     * @description
     * Returns the state configuration object for any specific state or all states.
     *
     * @param {string|Sbject=} stateOrName (absolute or relative) If provided, will only get the config for
     * the requested state. If not provided, returns an array of ALL state configs.
     * @returns {Object|Array} State configuration object or array of all objects.
     */
    $state.get = function (stateOrName, context) {
      if (arguments.length === 0) return objectKeys(states).map(function(name) { return states[name].self; });
      var state = findState(stateOrName, context);
      return (state && state.self) ? state.self : null;
    };

    function resolveState(state, params, paramsAreFiltered, inherited, dst) {
      // Make a restricted $stateParams with only the parameters that apply to this state if
      // necessary. In addition to being available to the controller and onEnter/onExit callbacks,
      // we also need $stateParams to be available for any $injector calls we make during the
      // dependency resolution process.
      var $stateParams = (paramsAreFiltered) ? params : filterByKeys(objectKeys(state.params), params);
      var locals = { $stateParams: $stateParams };

      // Resolve 'global' dependencies for the state, i.e. those not specific to a view.
      // We're also including $stateParams in this; that way the parameters are restricted
      // to the set that should be visible to the state, and are independent of when we update
      // the global $state and $stateParams values.
      dst.resolve = $resolve.resolve(state.resolve, locals, dst.resolve, state);
      var promises = [dst.resolve.then(function (globals) {
        dst.globals = globals;
      })];
      if (inherited) promises.push(inherited);

      // Resolve template and dependencies for all views.
      forEach(state.views, function (view, name) {
        var injectables = (view.resolve && view.resolve !== state.resolve ? view.resolve : {});
        injectables.$template = [ function () {
          return $view.load(name, { view: view, locals: locals, params: $stateParams }) || '';
        }];

        promises.push($resolve.resolve(injectables, locals, dst.resolve, state).then(function (result) {
          // References to the controller (only instantiated at link time)
          if (isFunction(view.controllerProvider) || isArray(view.controllerProvider)) {
            var injectLocals = angular.extend({}, injectables, locals);
            result.$$controller = $injector.invoke(view.controllerProvider, null, injectLocals);
          } else {
            result.$$controller = view.controller;
          }
          // Provide access to the state itself for internal use
          result.$$state = state;
          result.$$controllerAs = view.controllerAs;
          dst[name] = result;
        }));
      });

      // Wait for all the promises and then return the activation object
      return $q.all(promises).then(function (values) {
        return dst;
      });
    }

    return $state;
  }

  function shouldTriggerReload(to, from, locals, options) {
    if (to === from && ((locals === from.locals && !options.reload) || (to.self.reloadOnSearch === false))) {
      return true;
    }
  }
}

angular.module('ui.router.state')
  .value('$stateParams', {})
  .provider('$state', $StateProvider);


$ViewProvider.$inject = [];
function $ViewProvider() {

  this.$get = $get;
  /**
   * @ngdoc object
   * @name ui.router.state.$view
   *
   * @requires ui.router.util.$templateFactory
   * @requires $rootScope
   *
   * @description
   *
   */
  $get.$inject = ['$rootScope', '$templateFactory'];
  function $get(   $rootScope,   $templateFactory) {
    return {
      // $view.load('full.viewName', { template: ..., controller: ..., resolve: ..., async: false, params: ... })
      /**
       * @ngdoc function
       * @name ui.router.state.$view#load
       * @methodOf ui.router.state.$view
       *
       * @description
       *
       * @param {string} name name
       * @param {object} options option object.
       */
      load: function load(name, options) {
        var result, defaults = {
          template: null, controller: null, view: null, locals: null, notify: true, async: true, params: {}
        };
        options = extend(defaults, options);

        if (options.view) {
          result = $templateFactory.fromConfig(options.view, options.params, options.locals);
        }
        if (result && options.notify) {
        /**
         * @ngdoc event
         * @name ui.router.state.$state#$viewContentLoading
         * @eventOf ui.router.state.$view
         * @eventType broadcast on root scope
         * @description
         *
         * Fired once the view **begins loading**, *before* the DOM is rendered.
         *
         * @param {Object} event Event object.
         * @param {Object} viewConfig The view config properties (template, controller, etc).
         *
         * @example
         *
         * <pre>
         * $scope.$on('$viewContentLoading',
         * function(event, viewConfig){
         *     // Access to all the view config properties.
         *     // and one special property 'targetView'
         *     // viewConfig.targetView
         * });
         * </pre>
         */
          $rootScope.$broadcast('$viewContentLoading', options);
        }
        return result;
      }
    };
  }
}

angular.module('ui.router.state').provider('$view', $ViewProvider);

/**
 * @ngdoc object
 * @name ui.router.state.$uiViewScrollProvider
 *
 * @description
 * Provider that returns the {@link ui.router.state.$uiViewScroll} service function.
 */
function $ViewScrollProvider() {

  var useAnchorScroll = false;

  /**
   * @ngdoc function
   * @name ui.router.state.$uiViewScrollProvider#useAnchorScroll
   * @methodOf ui.router.state.$uiViewScrollProvider
   *
   * @description
   * Reverts back to using the core [`$anchorScroll`](http://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng.$anchorScroll) service for
   * scrolling based on the url anchor.
   */
  this.useAnchorScroll = function () {
    useAnchorScroll = true;
  };

  /**
   * @ngdoc object
   * @name ui.router.state.$uiViewScroll
   *
   * @requires $anchorScroll
   * @requires $timeout
   *
   * @description
   * When called with a jqLite element, it scrolls the element into view (after a
   * `$timeout` so the DOM has time to refresh).
   *
   * If you prefer to rely on `$anchorScroll` to scroll the view to the anchor,
   * this can be enabled by calling {@link ui.router.state.$uiViewScrollProvider#methods_useAnchorScroll `$uiViewScrollProvider.useAnchorScroll()`}.
   */
  this.$get = ['$anchorScroll', '$timeout', function ($anchorScroll, $timeout) {
    if (useAnchorScroll) {
      return $anchorScroll;
    }

    return function ($element) {
      $timeout(function () {
        $element[0].scrollIntoView();
      }, 0, false);
    };
  }];
}

angular.module('ui.router.state').provider('$uiViewScroll', $ViewScrollProvider);

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ui.router.state.directive:ui-view
 *
 * @requires ui.router.state.$state
 * @requires $compile
 * @requires $controller
 * @requires $injector
 * @requires ui.router.state.$uiViewScroll
 * @requires $document
 *
 * @restrict ECA
 *
 * @description
 * The ui-view directive tells $state where to place your templates.
 *
 * @param {string=} ui-view A view name. The name should be unique amongst the other views in the
 * same state. You can have views of the same name that live in different states.
 *
 * @param {string=} autoscroll It allows you to set the scroll behavior of the browser window
 * when a view is populated. By default, $anchorScroll is overridden by ui-router's custom scroll
 * service, {@link ui.router.state.$uiViewScroll}. This custom service let's you
 * scroll ui-view elements into view when they are populated during a state activation.
 *
 * *Note: To revert back to old [`$anchorScroll`](http://docs.angularjs.org/api/ng.$anchorScroll)
 * functionality, call `$uiViewScrollProvider.useAnchorScroll()`.*
 *
 * @param {string=} onload Expression to evaluate whenever the view updates.
 * 
 * @example
 * A view can be unnamed or named. 
 * <pre>
 * <!-- Unnamed -->
 * <div ui-view></div> 
 * 
 * <!-- Named -->
 * <div ui-view="viewName"></div>
 * </pre>
 *
 * You can only have one unnamed view within any template (or root html). If you are only using a 
 * single view and it is unnamed then you can populate it like so:
 * <pre>
 * <div ui-view></div> 
 * $stateProvider.state("home", {
 *   template: "<h1>HELLO!</h1>"
 * })
 * </pre>
 * 
 * The above is a convenient shortcut equivalent to specifying your view explicitly with the {@link ui.router.state.$stateProvider#views `views`}
 * config property, by name, in this case an empty name:
 * <pre>
 * $stateProvider.state("home", {
 *   views: {
 *     "": {
 *       template: "<h1>HELLO!</h1>"
 *     }
 *   }    
 * })
 * </pre>
 * 
 * But typically you'll only use the views property if you name your view or have more than one view 
 * in the same template. There's not really a compelling reason to name a view if its the only one, 
 * but you could if you wanted, like so:
 * <pre>
 * <div ui-view="main"></div>
 * </pre> 
 * <pre>
 * $stateProvider.state("home", {
 *   views: {
 *     "main": {
 *       template: "<h1>HELLO!</h1>"
 *     }
 *   }    
 * })
 * </pre>
 * 
 * Really though, you'll use views to set up multiple views:
 * <pre>
 * <div ui-view></div>
 * <div ui-view="chart"></div> 
 * <div ui-view="data"></div> 
 * </pre>
 * 
 * <pre>
 * $stateProvider.state("home", {
 *   views: {
 *     "": {
 *       template: "<h1>HELLO!</h1>"
 *     },
 *     "chart": {
 *       template: "<chart_thing/>"
 *     },
 *     "data": {
 *       template: "<data_thing/>"
 *     }
 *   }    
 * })
 * </pre>
 *
 * Examples for `autoscroll`:
 *
 * <pre>
 * <!-- If autoscroll present with no expression,
 *      then scroll ui-view into view -->
 * <ui-view autoscroll/>
 *
 * <!-- If autoscroll present with valid expression,
 *      then scroll ui-view into view if expression evaluates to true -->
 * <ui-view autoscroll='true'/>
 * <ui-view autoscroll='false'/>
 * <ui-view autoscroll='scopeVariable'/>
 * </pre>
 */
$ViewDirective.$inject = ['$state', '$injector', '$uiViewScroll'];
function $ViewDirective(   $state,   $injector,   $uiViewScroll) {

  function getService() {
    return ($injector.has) ? function(service) {
      return $injector.has(service) ? $injector.get(service) : null;
    } : function(service) {
      try {
        return $injector.get(service);
      } catch (e) {
        return null;
      }
    };
  }

  var service = getService(),
      $animator = service('$animator'),
      $animate = service('$animate');

  // Returns a set of DOM manipulation functions based on which Angular version
  // it should use
  function getRenderer(attrs, scope) {
    var statics = function() {
      return {
        enter: function (element, target, cb) { target.after(element); cb(); },
        leave: function (element, cb) { element.remove(); cb(); }
      };
    };

    if ($animate) {
      return {
        enter: function(element, target, cb) { $animate.enter(element, null, target, cb); },
        leave: function(element, cb) { $animate.leave(element, cb); }
      };
    }

    if ($animator) {
      var animate = $animator && $animator(scope, attrs);

      return {
        enter: function(element, target, cb) {animate.enter(element, null, target); cb(); },
        leave: function(element, cb) { animate.leave(element); cb(); }
      };
    }

    return statics();
  }

  var directive = {
    restrict: 'ECA',
    terminal: true,
    priority: 400,
    transclude: 'element',
    compile: function (tElement, tAttrs, $transclude) {
      return function (scope, $element, attrs) {
        var previousEl, currentEl, currentScope, latestLocals,
            onloadExp     = attrs.onload || '',
            autoScrollExp = attrs.autoscroll,
            renderer      = getRenderer(attrs, scope);

        scope.$on('$stateChangeSuccess', function() {
          updateView(false);
        });
        scope.$on('$viewContentLoading', function() {
          updateView(false);
        });

        updateView(true);

        function cleanupLastView() {
          if (previousEl) {
            previousEl.remove();
            previousEl = null;
          }

          if (currentScope) {
            currentScope.$destroy();
            currentScope = null;
          }

          if (currentEl) {
            renderer.leave(currentEl, function() {
              previousEl = null;
            });

            previousEl = currentEl;
            currentEl = null;
          }
        }

        function updateView(firstTime) {
          var newScope        = scope.$new(),
              name            = getUiViewName(attrs, $element.inheritedData('$uiView')),
              previousLocals  = name && $state.$current && $state.$current.locals[name];

          if (!firstTime && previousLocals === latestLocals) return; // nothing to do
          latestLocals = $state.$current.locals[name];

          var clone = $transclude(newScope, function(clone) {
            renderer.enter(clone, $element, function onUiViewEnter() {
              if (angular.isDefined(autoScrollExp) && !autoScrollExp || scope.$eval(autoScrollExp)) {
                $uiViewScroll(clone);
              }
            });
            cleanupLastView();
          });

          currentEl = clone;
          currentScope = newScope;
          /**
           * @ngdoc event
           * @name ui.router.state.directive:ui-view#$viewContentLoaded
           * @eventOf ui.router.state.directive:ui-view
           * @eventType emits on ui-view directive scope
           * @description           *
           * Fired once the view is **loaded**, *after* the DOM is rendered.
           *
           * @param {Object} event Event object.
           */
          currentScope.$emit('$viewContentLoaded');
          currentScope.$eval(onloadExp);
        }
      };
    }
  };

  return directive;
}

$ViewDirectiveFill.$inject = ['$compile', '$controller', '$state'];
function $ViewDirectiveFill ($compile, $controller, $state) {
  return {
    restrict: 'ECA',
    priority: -400,
    compile: function (tElement) {
      var initial = tElement.html();
      return function (scope, $element, attrs) {
        var current = $state.$current,
            name = getUiViewName(attrs, $element.inheritedData('$uiView')),
            locals  = current && current.locals[name];

        if (! locals) {
          return;
        }

        $element.data('$uiView', { name: name, state: locals.$$state });
        $element.html(locals.$template ? locals.$template : initial);

        var link = $compile($element.contents());

        if (locals.$$controller) {
          locals.$scope = scope;
          var controller = $controller(locals.$$controller, locals);
          if (locals.$$controllerAs) {
            scope[locals.$$controllerAs] = controller;
          }
          $element.data('$ngControllerController', controller);
          $element.children().data('$ngControllerController', controller);
        }

        link(scope);
      };
    }
  };
}

/**
 * Shared ui-view code for both directives:
 * Given attributes and inherited $uiView data, return the view's name
 */
function getUiViewName(attrs, inherited) {
  var name = attrs.uiView || attrs.name || '';
  return name.indexOf('@') >= 0 ?  name :  (name + '@' + (inherited ? inherited.state.name : ''));
}

angular.module('ui.router.state').directive('uiView', $ViewDirective);
angular.module('ui.router.state').directive('uiView', $ViewDirectiveFill);

function parseStateRef(ref, current) {
  var preparsed = ref.match(/^\s*({[^}]*})\s*$/), parsed;
  if (preparsed) ref = current + '(' + preparsed[1] + ')';
  parsed = ref.replace(/\n/g, " ").match(/^([^(]+?)\s*(\((.*)\))?$/);
  if (!parsed || parsed.length !== 4) throw new Error("Invalid state ref '" + ref + "'");
  return { state: parsed[1], paramExpr: parsed[3] || null };
}

function stateContext(el) {
  var stateData = el.parent().inheritedData('$uiView');

  if (stateData && stateData.state && stateData.state.name) {
    return stateData.state;
  }
}

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ui.router.state.directive:ui-sref
 *
 * @requires ui.router.state.$state
 * @requires $timeout
 *
 * @restrict A
 *
 * @description
 * A directive that binds a link (`<a>` tag) to a state. If the state has an associated 
 * URL, the directive will automatically generate & update the `href` attribute via 
 * the {@link ui.router.state.$state#methods_href $state.href()} method. Clicking 
 * the link will trigger a state transition with optional parameters. 
 *
 * Also middle-clicking, right-clicking, and ctrl-clicking on the link will be 
 * handled natively by the browser.
 *
 * You can also use relative state paths within ui-sref, just like the relative 
 * paths passed to `$state.go()`. You just need to be aware that the path is relative
 * to the state that the link lives in, in other words the state that loaded the 
 * template containing the link.
 *
 * You can specify options to pass to {@link ui.router.state.$state#go $state.go()}
 * using the `ui-sref-opts` attribute. Options are restricted to `location`, `inherit`,
 * and `reload`.
 *
 * @example
 * Here's an example of how you'd use ui-sref and how it would compile. If you have the 
 * following template:
 * <pre>
 * <a ui-sref="home">Home</a> | <a ui-sref="about">About</a> | <a ui-sref="{page: 2}">Next page</a>
 * 
 * <ul>
 *     <li ng-repeat="contact in contacts">
 *         <a ui-sref="contacts.detail({ id: contact.id })">{{ contact.name }}</a>
 *     </li>
 * </ul>
 * </pre>
 * 
 * Then the compiled html would be (assuming Html5Mode is off and current state is contacts):
 * <pre>
 * <a href="#/home" ui-sref="home">Home</a> | <a href="#/about" ui-sref="about">About</a> | <a href="#/contacts?page=2" ui-sref="{page: 2}">Next page</a>
 * 
 * <ul>
 *     <li ng-repeat="contact in contacts">
 *         <a href="#/contacts/1" ui-sref="contacts.detail({ id: contact.id })">Joe</a>
 *     </li>
 *     <li ng-repeat="contact in contacts">
 *         <a href="#/contacts/2" ui-sref="contacts.detail({ id: contact.id })">Alice</a>
 *     </li>
 *     <li ng-repeat="contact in contacts">
 *         <a href="#/contacts/3" ui-sref="contacts.detail({ id: contact.id })">Bob</a>
 *     </li>
 * </ul>
 *
 * <a ui-sref="home" ui-sref-opts="{reload: true}">Home</a>
 * </pre>
 *
 * @param {string} ui-sref 'stateName' can be any valid absolute or relative state
 * @param {Object} ui-sref-opts options to pass to {@link ui.router.state.$state#go $state.go()}
 */
$StateRefDirective.$inject = ['$state', '$timeout'];
function $StateRefDirective($state, $timeout) {
  var allowedOptions = ['location', 'inherit', 'reload'];

  return {
    restrict: 'A',
    require: ['?^uiSrefActive', '?^uiSrefActiveEq'],
    link: function(scope, element, attrs, uiSrefActive) {
      var ref = parseStateRef(attrs.uiSref, $state.current.name);
      var params = null, url = null, base = stateContext(element) || $state.$current;
      var isForm = element[0].nodeName === "FORM";
      var attr = isForm ? "action" : "href", nav = true;

      var options = { relative: base, inherit: true };
      var optionsOverride = scope.$eval(attrs.uiSrefOpts) || {};

      angular.forEach(allowedOptions, function(option) {
        if (option in optionsOverride) {
          options[option] = optionsOverride[option];
        }
      });

      var update = function(newVal) {
        if (newVal) params = newVal;
        if (!nav) return;

        var newHref = $state.href(ref.state, params, options);

        var activeDirective = uiSrefActive[1] || uiSrefActive[0];
        if (activeDirective) {
          activeDirective.$$setStateInfo(ref.state, params);
        }
        if (newHref === null) {
          nav = false;
          return false;
        }
        element[0][attr] = newHref;
      };

      if (ref.paramExpr) {
        scope.$watch(ref.paramExpr, function(newVal, oldVal) {
          if (newVal !== params) update(newVal);
        }, true);
        params = scope.$eval(ref.paramExpr);
      }
      update();

      if (isForm) return;

      element.bind("click", function(e) {
        var button = e.which || e.button;
        if ( !(button > 1 || e.ctrlKey || e.metaKey || e.shiftKey || element.attr('target')) ) {
          // HACK: This is to allow ng-clicks to be processed before the transition is initiated:
          var transition = $timeout(function() {
            $state.go(ref.state, params, options);
          });
          e.preventDefault();

          e.preventDefault = function() {
            $timeout.cancel(transition);
          };
        }
      });
    }
  };
}

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ui.router.state.directive:ui-sref-active
 *
 * @requires ui.router.state.$state
 * @requires ui.router.state.$stateParams
 * @requires $interpolate
 *
 * @restrict A
 *
 * @description
 * A directive working alongside ui-sref to add classes to an element when the
 * related ui-sref directive's state is active, and removing them when it is inactive.
 * The primary use-case is to simplify the special appearance of navigation menus
 * relying on `ui-sref`, by having the "active" state's menu button appear different,
 * distinguishing it from the inactive menu items.
 *
 * ui-sref-active can live on the same element as ui-sref or on a parent element. The first
 * ui-sref-active found at the same level or above the ui-sref will be used.
 *
 * Will activate when the ui-sref's target state or any child state is active. If you
 * need to activate only when the ui-sref target state is active and *not* any of
 * it's children, then you will use
 * {@link ui.router.state.directive:ui-sref-active-eq ui-sref-active-eq}
 *
 * @example
 * Given the following template:
 * <pre>
 * <ul>
 *   <li ui-sref-active="active" class="item">
 *     <a href ui-sref="app.user({user: 'bilbobaggins'})">@bilbobaggins</a>
 *   </li>
 * </ul>
 * </pre>
 *
 *
 * When the app state is "app.user" (or any children states), and contains the state parameter "user" with value "bilbobaggins",
 * the resulting HTML will appear as (note the 'active' class):
 * <pre>
 * <ul>
 *   <li ui-sref-active="active" class="item active">
 *     <a ui-sref="app.user({user: 'bilbobaggins'})" href="/users/bilbobaggins">@bilbobaggins</a>
 *   </li>
 * </ul>
 * </pre>
 *
 * The class name is interpolated **once** during the directives link time (any further changes to the
 * interpolated value are ignored).
 *
 * Multiple classes may be specified in a space-separated format:
 * <pre>
 * <ul>
 *   <li ui-sref-active='class1 class2 class3'>
 *     <a ui-sref="app.user">link</a>
 *   </li>
 * </ul>
 * </pre>
 */

/**
 * @ngdoc directive
 * @name ui.router.state.directive:ui-sref-active-eq
 *
 * @requires ui.router.state.$state
 * @requires ui.router.state.$stateParams
 * @requires $interpolate
 *
 * @restrict A
 *
 * @description
 * The same as {@link ui.router.state.directive:ui-sref-active ui-sref-active} but will will only activate
 * when the exact target state used in the `ui-sref` is active; no child states.
 *
 */
$StateRefActiveDirective.$inject = ['$state', '$stateParams', '$interpolate'];
function $StateRefActiveDirective($state, $stateParams, $interpolate) {
  return  {
    restrict: "A",
    controller: ['$scope', '$element', '$attrs', function ($scope, $element, $attrs) {
      var state, params, activeClass;

      // There probably isn't much point in $observing this
      // uiSrefActive and uiSrefActiveEq share the same directive object with some
      // slight difference in logic routing
      activeClass = $interpolate($attrs.uiSrefActiveEq || $attrs.uiSrefActive || '', false)($scope);

      // Allow uiSref to communicate with uiSrefActive[Equals]
      this.$$setStateInfo = function (newState, newParams) {
        state = $state.get(newState, stateContext($element));
        params = newParams;
        update();
      };

      $scope.$on('$stateChangeSuccess', update);

      // Update route state
      function update() {
        if (isMatch()) {
          $element.addClass(activeClass);
        } else {
          $element.removeClass(activeClass);
        }
      }

      function isMatch() {
        if (typeof $attrs.uiSrefActiveEq !== 'undefined') {
          return $state.$current.self === state && matchesParams();
        } else {
          return $state.includes(state.name) && matchesParams();
        }
      }

      function matchesParams() {
        return !params || equalForKeys(params, $stateParams);
      }
    }]
  };
}

angular.module('ui.router.state')
  .directive('uiSref', $StateRefDirective)
  .directive('uiSrefActive', $StateRefActiveDirective)
  .directive('uiSrefActiveEq', $StateRefActiveDirective);

/**
 * @ngdoc filter
 * @name ui.router.state.filter:isState
 *
 * @requires ui.router.state.$state
 *
 * @description
 * Translates to {@link ui.router.state.$state#methods_is $state.is("stateName")}.
 */
$IsStateFilter.$inject = ['$state'];
function $IsStateFilter($state) {
  return function(state) {
    return $state.is(state);
  };
}

/**
 * @ngdoc filter
 * @name ui.router.state.filter:includedByState
 *
 * @requires ui.router.state.$state
 *
 * @description
 * Translates to {@link ui.router.state.$state#methods_includes $state.includes('fullOrPartialStateName')}.
 */
$IncludedByStateFilter.$inject = ['$state'];
function $IncludedByStateFilter($state) {
  return function(state) {
    return $state.includes(state);
  };
}

angular.module('ui.router.state')
  .filter('isState', $IsStateFilter)
  .filter('includedByState', $IncludedByStateFilter);
})(window, window.angular);
/**
 * @license
 * Lo-Dash 2.4.1 (Custom Build) <http://lodash.com/>
 * Build: `lodash modern -o ./dist/lodash.js`
 * Copyright 2012-2013 The Dojo Foundation <http://dojofoundation.org/>
 * Based on Underscore.js 1.5.2 <http://underscorejs.org/LICENSE>
 * Copyright 2009-2013 Jeremy Ashkenas, DocumentCloud and Investigative Reporters & Editors
 * Available under MIT license <http://lodash.com/license>
 */

;(function() {

  /** Used as a safe reference for `undefined` in pre ES5 environments */
  var undefined;

  /** Used to pool arrays and objects used internally */
  var arrayPool = [],
      objectPool = [];

  /** Used to generate unique IDs */
  var idCounter = 0;

  /** Used to prefix keys to avoid issues with `__proto__` and properties on `Object.prototype` */
  var keyPrefix = +new Date + '';

  /** Used as the size when optimizations are enabled for large arrays */
  var largeArraySize = 75;

  /** Used as the max size of the `arrayPool` and `objectPool` */
  var maxPoolSize = 40;

  /** Used to detect and test whitespace */
  var whitespace = (
    // whitespace
    ' \t\x0B\f\xA0\ufeff' +

    // line terminators
    '\n\r\u2028\u2029' +

    // unicode category "Zs" space separators
    '\u1680\u180e\u2000\u2001\u2002\u2003\u2004\u2005\u2006\u2007\u2008\u2009\u200a\u202f\u205f\u3000'
  );

  /** Used to match empty string literals in compiled template source */
  var reEmptyStringLeading = /\b__p \+= '';/g,
      reEmptyStringMiddle = /\b(__p \+=) '' \+/g,
      reEmptyStringTrailing = /(__e\(.*?\)|\b__t\)) \+\n'';/g;

  /**
   * Used to match ES6 template delimiters
   * http://people.mozilla.org/~jorendorff/es6-draft.html#sec-literals-string-literals
   */
  var reEsTemplate = /\$\{([^\\}]*(?:\\.[^\\}]*)*)\}/g;

  /** Used to match regexp flags from their coerced string values */
  var reFlags = /\w*$/;

  /** Used to detected named functions */
  var reFuncName = /^\s*function[ \n\r\t]+\w/;

  /** Used to match "interpolate" template delimiters */
  var reInterpolate = /<%=([\s\S]+?)%>/g;

  /** Used to match leading whitespace and zeros to be removed */
  var reLeadingSpacesAndZeros = RegExp('^[' + whitespace + ']*0+(?=.$)');

  /** Used to ensure capturing order of template delimiters */
  var reNoMatch = /($^)/;

  /** Used to detect functions containing a `this` reference */
  var reThis = /\bthis\b/;

  /** Used to match unescaped characters in compiled string literals */
  var reUnescapedString = /['\n\r\t\u2028\u2029\\]/g;

  /** Used to assign default `context` object properties */
  var contextProps = [
    'Array', 'Boolean', 'Date', 'Function', 'Math', 'Number', 'Object',
    'RegExp', 'String', '_', 'attachEvent', 'clearTimeout', 'isFinite', 'isNaN',
    'parseInt', 'setTimeout'
  ];

  /** Used to make template sourceURLs easier to identify */
  var templateCounter = 0;

  /** `Object#toString` result shortcuts */
  var argsClass = '[object Arguments]',
      arrayClass = '[object Array]',
      boolClass = '[object Boolean]',
      dateClass = '[object Date]',
      funcClass = '[object Function]',
      numberClass = '[object Number]',
      objectClass = '[object Object]',
      regexpClass = '[object RegExp]',
      stringClass = '[object String]';

  /** Used to identify object classifications that `_.clone` supports */
  var cloneableClasses = {};
  cloneableClasses[funcClass] = false;
  cloneableClasses[argsClass] = cloneableClasses[arrayClass] =
  cloneableClasses[boolClass] = cloneableClasses[dateClass] =
  cloneableClasses[numberClass] = cloneableClasses[objectClass] =
  cloneableClasses[regexpClass] = cloneableClasses[stringClass] = true;

  /** Used as an internal `_.debounce` options object */
  var debounceOptions = {
    'leading': false,
    'maxWait': 0,
    'trailing': false
  };

  /** Used as the property descriptor for `__bindData__` */
  var descriptor = {
    'configurable': false,
    'enumerable': false,
    'value': null,
    'writable': false
  };

  /** Used to determine if values are of the language type Object */
  var objectTypes = {
    'boolean': false,
    'function': true,
    'object': true,
    'number': false,
    'string': false,
    'undefined': false
  };

  /** Used to escape characters for inclusion in compiled string literals */
  var stringEscapes = {
    '\\': '\\',
    "'": "'",
    '\n': 'n',
    '\r': 'r',
    '\t': 't',
    '\u2028': 'u2028',
    '\u2029': 'u2029'
  };

  /** Used as a reference to the global object */
  var root = (objectTypes[typeof window] && window) || this;

  /** Detect free variable `exports` */
  var freeExports = objectTypes[typeof exports] && exports && !exports.nodeType && exports;

  /** Detect free variable `module` */
  var freeModule = objectTypes[typeof module] && module && !module.nodeType && module;

  /** Detect the popular CommonJS extension `module.exports` */
  var moduleExports = freeModule && freeModule.exports === freeExports && freeExports;

  /** Detect free variable `global` from Node.js or Browserified code and use it as `root` */
  var freeGlobal = objectTypes[typeof global] && global;
  if (freeGlobal && (freeGlobal.global === freeGlobal || freeGlobal.window === freeGlobal)) {
    root = freeGlobal;
  }

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * The base implementation of `_.indexOf` without support for binary searches
   * or `fromIndex` constraints.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} array The array to search.
   * @param {*} value The value to search for.
   * @param {number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from.
   * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value or `-1`.
   */
  function baseIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
    var index = (fromIndex || 0) - 1,
        length = array ? array.length : 0;

    while (++index < length) {
      if (array[index] === value) {
        return index;
      }
    }
    return -1;
  }

  /**
   * An implementation of `_.contains` for cache objects that mimics the return
   * signature of `_.indexOf` by returning `0` if the value is found, else `-1`.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} cache The cache object to inspect.
   * @param {*} value The value to search for.
   * @returns {number} Returns `0` if `value` is found, else `-1`.
   */
  function cacheIndexOf(cache, value) {
    var type = typeof value;
    cache = cache.cache;

    if (type == 'boolean' || value == null) {
      return cache[value] ? 0 : -1;
    }
    if (type != 'number' && type != 'string') {
      type = 'object';
    }
    var key = type == 'number' ? value : keyPrefix + value;
    cache = (cache = cache[type]) && cache[key];

    return type == 'object'
      ? (cache && baseIndexOf(cache, value) > -1 ? 0 : -1)
      : (cache ? 0 : -1);
  }

  /**
   * Adds a given value to the corresponding cache object.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {*} value The value to add to the cache.
   */
  function cachePush(value) {
    var cache = this.cache,
        type = typeof value;

    if (type == 'boolean' || value == null) {
      cache[value] = true;
    } else {
      if (type != 'number' && type != 'string') {
        type = 'object';
      }
      var key = type == 'number' ? value : keyPrefix + value,
          typeCache = cache[type] || (cache[type] = {});

      if (type == 'object') {
        (typeCache[key] || (typeCache[key] = [])).push(value);
      } else {
        typeCache[key] = true;
      }
    }
  }

  /**
   * Used by `_.max` and `_.min` as the default callback when a given
   * collection is a string value.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {string} value The character to inspect.
   * @returns {number} Returns the code unit of given character.
   */
  function charAtCallback(value) {
    return value.charCodeAt(0);
  }

  /**
   * Used by `sortBy` to compare transformed `collection` elements, stable sorting
   * them in ascending order.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} a The object to compare to `b`.
   * @param {Object} b The object to compare to `a`.
   * @returns {number} Returns the sort order indicator of `1` or `-1`.
   */
  function compareAscending(a, b) {
    var ac = a.criteria,
        bc = b.criteria,
        index = -1,
        length = ac.length;

    while (++index < length) {
      var value = ac[index],
          other = bc[index];

      if (value !== other) {
        if (value > other || typeof value == 'undefined') {
          return 1;
        }
        if (value < other || typeof other == 'undefined') {
          return -1;
        }
      }
    }
    // Fixes an `Array#sort` bug in the JS engine embedded in Adobe applications
    // that causes it, under certain circumstances, to return the same value for
    // `a` and `b`. See https://github.com/jashkenas/underscore/pull/1247
    //
    // This also ensures a stable sort in V8 and other engines.
    // See http://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=90
    return a.index - b.index;
  }

  /**
   * Creates a cache object to optimize linear searches of large arrays.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} [array=[]] The array to search.
   * @returns {null|Object} Returns the cache object or `null` if caching should not be used.
   */
  function createCache(array) {
    var index = -1,
        length = array.length,
        first = array[0],
        mid = array[(length / 2) | 0],
        last = array[length - 1];

    if (first && typeof first == 'object' &&
        mid && typeof mid == 'object' && last && typeof last == 'object') {
      return false;
    }
    var cache = getObject();
    cache['false'] = cache['null'] = cache['true'] = cache['undefined'] = false;

    var result = getObject();
    result.array = array;
    result.cache = cache;
    result.push = cachePush;

    while (++index < length) {
      result.push(array[index]);
    }
    return result;
  }

  /**
   * Used by `template` to escape characters for inclusion in compiled
   * string literals.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {string} match The matched character to escape.
   * @returns {string} Returns the escaped character.
   */
  function escapeStringChar(match) {
    return '\\' + stringEscapes[match];
  }

  /**
   * Gets an array from the array pool or creates a new one if the pool is empty.
   *
   * @private
   * @returns {Array} The array from the pool.
   */
  function getArray() {
    return arrayPool.pop() || [];
  }

  /**
   * Gets an object from the object pool or creates a new one if the pool is empty.
   *
   * @private
   * @returns {Object} The object from the pool.
   */
  function getObject() {
    return objectPool.pop() || {
      'array': null,
      'cache': null,
      'criteria': null,
      'false': false,
      'index': 0,
      'null': false,
      'number': null,
      'object': null,
      'push': null,
      'string': null,
      'true': false,
      'undefined': false,
      'value': null
    };
  }

  /**
   * Releases the given array back to the array pool.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array} [array] The array to release.
   */
  function releaseArray(array) {
    array.length = 0;
    if (arrayPool.length < maxPoolSize) {
      arrayPool.push(array);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Releases the given object back to the object pool.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Object} [object] The object to release.
   */
  function releaseObject(object) {
    var cache = object.cache;
    if (cache) {
      releaseObject(cache);
    }
    object.array = object.cache = object.criteria = object.object = object.number = object.string = object.value = null;
    if (objectPool.length < maxPoolSize) {
      objectPool.push(object);
    }
  }

  /**
   * Slices the `collection` from the `start` index up to, but not including,
   * the `end` index.
   *
   * Note: This function is used instead of `Array#slice` to support node lists
   * in IE < 9 and to ensure dense arrays are returned.
   *
   * @private
   * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to slice.
   * @param {number} start The start index.
   * @param {number} end The end index.
   * @returns {Array} Returns the new array.
   */
  function slice(array, start, end) {
    start || (start = 0);
    if (typeof end == 'undefined') {
      end = array ? array.length : 0;
    }
    var index = -1,
        length = end - start || 0,
        result = Array(length < 0 ? 0 : length);

    while (++index < length) {
      result[index] = array[start + index];
    }
    return result;
  }

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  /**
   * Create a new `lodash` function using the given context object.
   *
   * @static
   * @memberOf _
   * @category Utilities
   * @param {Object} [context=root] The context object.
   * @returns {Function} Returns the `lodash` function.
   */
  function runInContext(context) {
    // Avoid issues with some ES3 environments that attempt to use values, named
    // after built-in constructors like `Object`, for the creation of literals.
    // ES5 clears this up by stating that literals must use built-in constructors.
    // See http://es5.github.io/#x11.1.5.
    context = context ? _.defaults(root.Object(), context, _.pick(root, contextProps)) : root;

    /** Native constructor references */
    var Array = context.Array,
        Boolean = context.Boolean,
        Date = context.Date,
        Function = context.Function,
        Math = context.Math,
        Number = context.Number,
        Object = context.Object,
        RegExp = context.RegExp,
        String = context.String,
        TypeError = context.TypeError;

    /**
     * Used for `Array` method references.
     *
     * Normally `Array.prototype` would suffice, however, using an array literal
     * avoids issues in Narwhal.
     */
    var arrayRef = [];

    /** Used for native method references */
    var objectProto = Object.prototype;

    /** Used to restore the original `_` reference in `noConflict` */
    var oldDash = context._;

    /** Used to resolve the internal [[Class]] of values */
    var toString = objectProto.toString;

    /** Used to detect if a method is native */
    var reNative = RegExp('^' +
      String(toString)
        .replace(/[.*+?^${}()|[\]\\]/g, '\\$&')
        .replace(/toString| for [^\]]+/g, '.*?') + '$'
    );

    /** Native method shortcuts */
    var ceil = Math.ceil,
        clearTimeout = context.clearTimeout,
        floor = Math.floor,
        fnToString = Function.prototype.toString,
        getPrototypeOf = isNative(getPrototypeOf = Object.getPrototypeOf) && getPrototypeOf,
        hasOwnProperty = objectProto.hasOwnProperty,
        push = arrayRef.push,
        setTimeout = context.setTimeout,
        splice = arrayRef.splice,
        unshift = arrayRef.unshift;

    /** Used to set meta data on functions */
    var defineProperty = (function() {
      // IE 8 only accepts DOM elements
      try {
        var o = {},
            func = isNative(func = Object.defineProperty) && func,
            result = func(o, o, o) && func;
      } catch(e) { }
      return result;
    }());

    /* Native method shortcuts for methods with the same name as other `lodash` methods */
    var nativeCreate = isNative(nativeCreate = Object.create) && nativeCreate,
        nativeIsArray = isNative(nativeIsArray = Array.isArray) && nativeIsArray,
        nativeIsFinite = context.isFinite,
        nativeIsNaN = context.isNaN,
        nativeKeys = isNative(nativeKeys = Object.keys) && nativeKeys,
        nativeMax = Math.max,
        nativeMin = Math.min,
        nativeParseInt = context.parseInt,
        nativeRandom = Math.random;

    /** Used to lookup a built-in constructor by [[Class]] */
    var ctorByClass = {};
    ctorByClass[arrayClass] = Array;
    ctorByClass[boolClass] = Boolean;
    ctorByClass[dateClass] = Date;
    ctorByClass[funcClass] = Function;
    ctorByClass[objectClass] = Object;
    ctorByClass[numberClass] = Number;
    ctorByClass[regexpClass] = RegExp;
    ctorByClass[stringClass] = String;

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Creates a `lodash` object which wraps the given value to enable intuitive
     * method chaining.
     *
     * In addition to Lo-Dash methods, wrappers also have the following `Array` methods:
     * `concat`, `join`, `pop`, `push`, `reverse`, `shift`, `slice`, `sort`, `splice`,
     * and `unshift`
     *
     * Chaining is supported in custom builds as long as the `value` method is
     * implicitly or explicitly included in the build.
     *
     * The chainable wrapper functions are:
     * `after`, `assign`, `bind`, `bindAll`, `bindKey`, `chain`, `compact`,
     * `compose`, `concat`, `countBy`, `create`, `createCallback`, `curry`,
     * `debounce`, `defaults`, `defer`, `delay`, `difference`, `filter`, `flatten`,
     * `forEach`, `forEachRight`, `forIn`, `forInRight`, `forOwn`, `forOwnRight`,
     * `functions`, `groupBy`, `indexBy`, `initial`, `intersection`, `invert`,
     * `invoke`, `keys`, `map`, `max`, `memoize`, `merge`, `min`, `object`, `omit`,
     * `once`, `pairs`, `partial`, `partialRight`, `pick`, `pluck`, `pull`, `push`,
     * `range`, `reject`, `remove`, `rest`, `reverse`, `shuffle`, `slice`, `sort`,
     * `sortBy`, `splice`, `tap`, `throttle`, `times`, `toArray`, `transform`,
     * `union`, `uniq`, `unshift`, `unzip`, `values`, `where`, `without`, `wrap`,
     * and `zip`
     *
     * The non-chainable wrapper functions are:
     * `clone`, `cloneDeep`, `contains`, `escape`, `every`, `find`, `findIndex`,
     * `findKey`, `findLast`, `findLastIndex`, `findLastKey`, `has`, `identity`,
     * `indexOf`, `isArguments`, `isArray`, `isBoolean`, `isDate`, `isElement`,
     * `isEmpty`, `isEqual`, `isFinite`, `isFunction`, `isNaN`, `isNull`, `isNumber`,
     * `isObject`, `isPlainObject`, `isRegExp`, `isString`, `isUndefined`, `join`,
     * `lastIndexOf`, `mixin`, `noConflict`, `parseInt`, `pop`, `random`, `reduce`,
     * `reduceRight`, `result`, `shift`, `size`, `some`, `sortedIndex`, `runInContext`,
     * `template`, `unescape`, `uniqueId`, and `value`
     *
     * The wrapper functions `first` and `last` return wrapped values when `n` is
     * provided, otherwise they return unwrapped values.
     *
     * Explicit chaining can be enabled by using the `_.chain` method.
     *
     * @name _
     * @constructor
     * @category Chaining
     * @param {*} value The value to wrap in a `lodash` instance.
     * @returns {Object} Returns a `lodash` instance.
     * @example
     *
     * var wrapped = _([1, 2, 3]);
     *
     * // returns an unwrapped value
     * wrapped.reduce(function(sum, num) {
     *   return sum + num;
     * });
     * // => 6
     *
     * // returns a wrapped value
     * var squares = wrapped.map(function(num) {
     *   return num * num;
     * });
     *
     * _.isArray(squares);
     * // => false
     *
     * _.isArray(squares.value());
     * // => true
     */
    function lodash(value) {
      // don't wrap if already wrapped, even if wrapped by a different `lodash` constructor
      return (value && typeof value == 'object' && !isArray(value) && hasOwnProperty.call(value, '__wrapped__'))
       ? value
       : new lodashWrapper(value);
    }

    /**
     * A fast path for creating `lodash` wrapper objects.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} value The value to wrap in a `lodash` instance.
     * @param {boolean} chainAll A flag to enable chaining for all methods
     * @returns {Object} Returns a `lodash` instance.
     */
    function lodashWrapper(value, chainAll) {
      this.__chain__ = !!chainAll;
      this.__wrapped__ = value;
    }
    // ensure `new lodashWrapper` is an instance of `lodash`
    lodashWrapper.prototype = lodash.prototype;

    /**
     * An object used to flag environments features.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @type Object
     */
    var support = lodash.support = {};

    /**
     * Detect if functions can be decompiled by `Function#toString`
     * (all but PS3 and older Opera mobile browsers & avoided in Windows 8 apps).
     *
     * @memberOf _.support
     * @type boolean
     */
    support.funcDecomp = !isNative(context.WinRTError) && reThis.test(runInContext);

    /**
     * Detect if `Function#name` is supported (all but IE).
     *
     * @memberOf _.support
     * @type boolean
     */
    support.funcNames = typeof Function.name == 'string';

    /**
     * By default, the template delimiters used by Lo-Dash are similar to those in
     * embedded Ruby (ERB). Change the following template settings to use alternative
     * delimiters.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @type Object
     */
    lodash.templateSettings = {

      /**
       * Used to detect `data` property values to be HTML-escaped.
       *
       * @memberOf _.templateSettings
       * @type RegExp
       */
      'escape': /<%-([\s\S]+?)%>/g,

      /**
       * Used to detect code to be evaluated.
       *
       * @memberOf _.templateSettings
       * @type RegExp
       */
      'evaluate': /<%([\s\S]+?)%>/g,

      /**
       * Used to detect `data` property values to inject.
       *
       * @memberOf _.templateSettings
       * @type RegExp
       */
      'interpolate': reInterpolate,

      /**
       * Used to reference the data object in the template text.
       *
       * @memberOf _.templateSettings
       * @type string
       */
      'variable': '',

      /**
       * Used to import variables into the compiled template.
       *
       * @memberOf _.templateSettings
       * @type Object
       */
      'imports': {

        /**
         * A reference to the `lodash` function.
         *
         * @memberOf _.templateSettings.imports
         * @type Function
         */
        '_': lodash
      }
    };

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.bind` that creates the bound function and
     * sets its meta data.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} bindData The bind data array.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
     */
    function baseBind(bindData) {
      var func = bindData[0],
          partialArgs = bindData[2],
          thisArg = bindData[4];

      function bound() {
        // `Function#bind` spec
        // http://es5.github.io/#x15.3.4.5
        if (partialArgs) {
          // avoid `arguments` object deoptimizations by using `slice` instead
          // of `Array.prototype.slice.call` and not assigning `arguments` to a
          // variable as a ternary expression
          var args = slice(partialArgs);
          push.apply(args, arguments);
        }
        // mimic the constructor's `return` behavior
        // http://es5.github.io/#x13.2.2
        if (this instanceof bound) {
          // ensure `new bound` is an instance of `func`
          var thisBinding = baseCreate(func.prototype),
              result = func.apply(thisBinding, args || arguments);
          return isObject(result) ? result : thisBinding;
        }
        return func.apply(thisArg, args || arguments);
      }
      setBindData(bound, bindData);
      return bound;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.clone` without argument juggling or support
     * for `thisArg` binding.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} value The value to clone.
     * @param {boolean} [isDeep=false] Specify a deep clone.
     * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize cloning values.
     * @param {Array} [stackA=[]] Tracks traversed source objects.
     * @param {Array} [stackB=[]] Associates clones with source counterparts.
     * @returns {*} Returns the cloned value.
     */
    function baseClone(value, isDeep, callback, stackA, stackB) {
      if (callback) {
        var result = callback(value);
        if (typeof result != 'undefined') {
          return result;
        }
      }
      // inspect [[Class]]
      var isObj = isObject(value);
      if (isObj) {
        var className = toString.call(value);
        if (!cloneableClasses[className]) {
          return value;
        }
        var ctor = ctorByClass[className];
        switch (className) {
          case boolClass:
          case dateClass:
            return new ctor(+value);

          case numberClass:
          case stringClass:
            return new ctor(value);

          case regexpClass:
            result = ctor(value.source, reFlags.exec(value));
            result.lastIndex = value.lastIndex;
            return result;
        }
      } else {
        return value;
      }
      var isArr = isArray(value);
      if (isDeep) {
        // check for circular references and return corresponding clone
        var initedStack = !stackA;
        stackA || (stackA = getArray());
        stackB || (stackB = getArray());

        var length = stackA.length;
        while (length--) {
          if (stackA[length] == value) {
            return stackB[length];
          }
        }
        result = isArr ? ctor(value.length) : {};
      }
      else {
        result = isArr ? slice(value) : assign({}, value);
      }
      // add array properties assigned by `RegExp#exec`
      if (isArr) {
        if (hasOwnProperty.call(value, 'index')) {
          result.index = value.index;
        }
        if (hasOwnProperty.call(value, 'input')) {
          result.input = value.input;
        }
      }
      // exit for shallow clone
      if (!isDeep) {
        return result;
      }
      // add the source value to the stack of traversed objects
      // and associate it with its clone
      stackA.push(value);
      stackB.push(result);

      // recursively populate clone (susceptible to call stack limits)
      (isArr ? forEach : forOwn)(value, function(objValue, key) {
        result[key] = baseClone(objValue, isDeep, callback, stackA, stackB);
      });

      if (initedStack) {
        releaseArray(stackA);
        releaseArray(stackB);
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.create` without support for assigning
     * properties to the created object.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} prototype The object to inherit from.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
     */
    function baseCreate(prototype, properties) {
      return isObject(prototype) ? nativeCreate(prototype) : {};
    }
    // fallback for browsers without `Object.create`
    if (!nativeCreate) {
      baseCreate = (function() {
        function Object() {}
        return function(prototype) {
          if (isObject(prototype)) {
            Object.prototype = prototype;
            var result = new Object;
            Object.prototype = null;
          }
          return result || context.Object();
        };
      }());
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.createCallback` without support for creating
     * "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callbacks.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} [func=identity] The value to convert to a callback.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of the created callback.
     * @param {number} [argCount] The number of arguments the callback accepts.
     * @returns {Function} Returns a callback function.
     */
    function baseCreateCallback(func, thisArg, argCount) {
      if (typeof func != 'function') {
        return identity;
      }
      // exit early for no `thisArg` or already bound by `Function#bind`
      if (typeof thisArg == 'undefined' || !('prototype' in func)) {
        return func;
      }
      var bindData = func.__bindData__;
      if (typeof bindData == 'undefined') {
        if (support.funcNames) {
          bindData = !func.name;
        }
        bindData = bindData || !support.funcDecomp;
        if (!bindData) {
          var source = fnToString.call(func);
          if (!support.funcNames) {
            bindData = !reFuncName.test(source);
          }
          if (!bindData) {
            // checks if `func` references the `this` keyword and stores the result
            bindData = reThis.test(source);
            setBindData(func, bindData);
          }
        }
      }
      // exit early if there are no `this` references or `func` is bound
      if (bindData === false || (bindData !== true && bindData[1] & 1)) {
        return func;
      }
      switch (argCount) {
        case 1: return function(value) {
          return func.call(thisArg, value);
        };
        case 2: return function(a, b) {
          return func.call(thisArg, a, b);
        };
        case 3: return function(value, index, collection) {
          return func.call(thisArg, value, index, collection);
        };
        case 4: return function(accumulator, value, index, collection) {
          return func.call(thisArg, accumulator, value, index, collection);
        };
      }
      return bind(func, thisArg);
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `createWrapper` that creates the wrapper and
     * sets its meta data.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} bindData The bind data array.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     */
    function baseCreateWrapper(bindData) {
      var func = bindData[0],
          bitmask = bindData[1],
          partialArgs = bindData[2],
          partialRightArgs = bindData[3],
          thisArg = bindData[4],
          arity = bindData[5];

      var isBind = bitmask & 1,
          isBindKey = bitmask & 2,
          isCurry = bitmask & 4,
          isCurryBound = bitmask & 8,
          key = func;

      function bound() {
        var thisBinding = isBind ? thisArg : this;
        if (partialArgs) {
          var args = slice(partialArgs);
          push.apply(args, arguments);
        }
        if (partialRightArgs || isCurry) {
          args || (args = slice(arguments));
          if (partialRightArgs) {
            push.apply(args, partialRightArgs);
          }
          if (isCurry && args.length < arity) {
            bitmask |= 16 & ~32;
            return baseCreateWrapper([func, (isCurryBound ? bitmask : bitmask & ~3), args, null, thisArg, arity]);
          }
        }
        args || (args = arguments);
        if (isBindKey) {
          func = thisBinding[key];
        }
        if (this instanceof bound) {
          thisBinding = baseCreate(func.prototype);
          var result = func.apply(thisBinding, args);
          return isObject(result) ? result : thisBinding;
        }
        return func.apply(thisBinding, args);
      }
      setBindData(bound, bindData);
      return bound;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.difference` that accepts a single array
     * of values to exclude.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The array to process.
     * @param {Array} [values] The array of values to exclude.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of filtered values.
     */
    function baseDifference(array, values) {
      var index = -1,
          indexOf = getIndexOf(),
          length = array ? array.length : 0,
          isLarge = length >= largeArraySize && indexOf === baseIndexOf,
          result = [];

      if (isLarge) {
        var cache = createCache(values);
        if (cache) {
          indexOf = cacheIndexOf;
          values = cache;
        } else {
          isLarge = false;
        }
      }
      while (++index < length) {
        var value = array[index];
        if (indexOf(values, value) < 0) {
          result.push(value);
        }
      }
      if (isLarge) {
        releaseObject(values);
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.flatten` without support for callback
     * shorthands or `thisArg` binding.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The array to flatten.
     * @param {boolean} [isShallow=false] A flag to restrict flattening to a single level.
     * @param {boolean} [isStrict=false] A flag to restrict flattening to arrays and `arguments` objects.
     * @param {number} [fromIndex=0] The index to start from.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new flattened array.
     */
    function baseFlatten(array, isShallow, isStrict, fromIndex) {
      var index = (fromIndex || 0) - 1,
          length = array ? array.length : 0,
          result = [];

      while (++index < length) {
        var value = array[index];

        if (value && typeof value == 'object' && typeof value.length == 'number'
            && (isArray(value) || isArguments(value))) {
          // recursively flatten arrays (susceptible to call stack limits)
          if (!isShallow) {
            value = baseFlatten(value, isShallow, isStrict);
          }
          var valIndex = -1,
              valLength = value.length,
              resIndex = result.length;

          result.length += valLength;
          while (++valIndex < valLength) {
            result[resIndex++] = value[valIndex];
          }
        } else if (!isStrict) {
          result.push(value);
        }
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.isEqual`, without support for `thisArg` binding,
     * that allows partial "_.where" style comparisons.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} a The value to compare.
     * @param {*} b The other value to compare.
     * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize comparing values.
     * @param {Function} [isWhere=false] A flag to indicate performing partial comparisons.
     * @param {Array} [stackA=[]] Tracks traversed `a` objects.
     * @param {Array} [stackB=[]] Tracks traversed `b` objects.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the values are equivalent, else `false`.
     */
    function baseIsEqual(a, b, callback, isWhere, stackA, stackB) {
      // used to indicate that when comparing objects, `a` has at least the properties of `b`
      if (callback) {
        var result = callback(a, b);
        if (typeof result != 'undefined') {
          return !!result;
        }
      }
      // exit early for identical values
      if (a === b) {
        // treat `+0` vs. `-0` as not equal
        return a !== 0 || (1 / a == 1 / b);
      }
      var type = typeof a,
          otherType = typeof b;

      // exit early for unlike primitive values
      if (a === a &&
          !(a && objectTypes[type]) &&
          !(b && objectTypes[otherType])) {
        return false;
      }
      // exit early for `null` and `undefined` avoiding ES3's Function#call behavior
      // http://es5.github.io/#x15.3.4.4
      if (a == null || b == null) {
        return a === b;
      }
      // compare [[Class]] names
      var className = toString.call(a),
          otherClass = toString.call(b);

      if (className == argsClass) {
        className = objectClass;
      }
      if (otherClass == argsClass) {
        otherClass = objectClass;
      }
      if (className != otherClass) {
        return false;
      }
      switch (className) {
        case boolClass:
        case dateClass:
          // coerce dates and booleans to numbers, dates to milliseconds and booleans
          // to `1` or `0` treating invalid dates coerced to `NaN` as not equal
          return +a == +b;

        case numberClass:
          // treat `NaN` vs. `NaN` as equal
          return (a != +a)
            ? b != +b
            // but treat `+0` vs. `-0` as not equal
            : (a == 0 ? (1 / a == 1 / b) : a == +b);

        case regexpClass:
        case stringClass:
          // coerce regexes to strings (http://es5.github.io/#x15.10.6.4)
          // treat string primitives and their corresponding object instances as equal
          return a == String(b);
      }
      var isArr = className == arrayClass;
      if (!isArr) {
        // unwrap any `lodash` wrapped values
        var aWrapped = hasOwnProperty.call(a, '__wrapped__'),
            bWrapped = hasOwnProperty.call(b, '__wrapped__');

        if (aWrapped || bWrapped) {
          return baseIsEqual(aWrapped ? a.__wrapped__ : a, bWrapped ? b.__wrapped__ : b, callback, isWhere, stackA, stackB);
        }
        // exit for functions and DOM nodes
        if (className != objectClass) {
          return false;
        }
        // in older versions of Opera, `arguments` objects have `Array` constructors
        var ctorA = a.constructor,
            ctorB = b.constructor;

        // non `Object` object instances with different constructors are not equal
        if (ctorA != ctorB &&
              !(isFunction(ctorA) && ctorA instanceof ctorA && isFunction(ctorB) && ctorB instanceof ctorB) &&
              ('constructor' in a && 'constructor' in b)
            ) {
          return false;
        }
      }
      // assume cyclic structures are equal
      // the algorithm for detecting cyclic structures is adapted from ES 5.1
      // section 15.12.3, abstract operation `JO` (http://es5.github.io/#x15.12.3)
      var initedStack = !stackA;
      stackA || (stackA = getArray());
      stackB || (stackB = getArray());

      var length = stackA.length;
      while (length--) {
        if (stackA[length] == a) {
          return stackB[length] == b;
        }
      }
      var size = 0;
      result = true;

      // add `a` and `b` to the stack of traversed objects
      stackA.push(a);
      stackB.push(b);

      // recursively compare objects and arrays (susceptible to call stack limits)
      if (isArr) {
        // compare lengths to determine if a deep comparison is necessary
        length = a.length;
        size = b.length;
        result = size == length;

        if (result || isWhere) {
          // deep compare the contents, ignoring non-numeric properties
          while (size--) {
            var index = length,
                value = b[size];

            if (isWhere) {
              while (index--) {
                if ((result = baseIsEqual(a[index], value, callback, isWhere, stackA, stackB))) {
                  break;
                }
              }
            } else if (!(result = baseIsEqual(a[size], value, callback, isWhere, stackA, stackB))) {
              break;
            }
          }
        }
      }
      else {
        // deep compare objects using `forIn`, instead of `forOwn`, to avoid `Object.keys`
        // which, in this case, is more costly
        forIn(b, function(value, key, b) {
          if (hasOwnProperty.call(b, key)) {
            // count the number of properties.
            size++;
            // deep compare each property value.
            return (result = hasOwnProperty.call(a, key) && baseIsEqual(a[key], value, callback, isWhere, stackA, stackB));
          }
        });

        if (result && !isWhere) {
          // ensure both objects have the same number of properties
          forIn(a, function(value, key, a) {
            if (hasOwnProperty.call(a, key)) {
              // `size` will be `-1` if `a` has more properties than `b`
              return (result = --size > -1);
            }
          });
        }
      }
      stackA.pop();
      stackB.pop();

      if (initedStack) {
        releaseArray(stackA);
        releaseArray(stackB);
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.merge` without argument juggling or support
     * for `thisArg` binding.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
     * @param {Object} source The source object.
     * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize merging properties.
     * @param {Array} [stackA=[]] Tracks traversed source objects.
     * @param {Array} [stackB=[]] Associates values with source counterparts.
     */
    function baseMerge(object, source, callback, stackA, stackB) {
      (isArray(source) ? forEach : forOwn)(source, function(source, key) {
        var found,
            isArr,
            result = source,
            value = object[key];

        if (source && ((isArr = isArray(source)) || isPlainObject(source))) {
          // avoid merging previously merged cyclic sources
          var stackLength = stackA.length;
          while (stackLength--) {
            if ((found = stackA[stackLength] == source)) {
              value = stackB[stackLength];
              break;
            }
          }
          if (!found) {
            var isShallow;
            if (callback) {
              result = callback(value, source);
              if ((isShallow = typeof result != 'undefined')) {
                value = result;
              }
            }
            if (!isShallow) {
              value = isArr
                ? (isArray(value) ? value : [])
                : (isPlainObject(value) ? value : {});
            }
            // add `source` and associated `value` to the stack of traversed objects
            stackA.push(source);
            stackB.push(value);

            // recursively merge objects and arrays (susceptible to call stack limits)
            if (!isShallow) {
              baseMerge(value, source, callback, stackA, stackB);
            }
          }
        }
        else {
          if (callback) {
            result = callback(value, source);
            if (typeof result == 'undefined') {
              result = source;
            }
          }
          if (typeof result != 'undefined') {
            value = result;
          }
        }
        object[key] = value;
      });
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.random` without argument juggling or support
     * for returning floating-point numbers.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {number} min The minimum possible value.
     * @param {number} max The maximum possible value.
     * @returns {number} Returns a random number.
     */
    function baseRandom(min, max) {
      return min + floor(nativeRandom() * (max - min + 1));
    }

    /**
     * The base implementation of `_.uniq` without support for callback shorthands
     * or `thisArg` binding.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Array} array The array to process.
     * @param {boolean} [isSorted=false] A flag to indicate that `array` is sorted.
     * @param {Function} [callback] The function called per iteration.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a duplicate-value-free array.
     */
    function baseUniq(array, isSorted, callback) {
      var index = -1,
          indexOf = getIndexOf(),
          length = array ? array.length : 0,
          result = [];

      var isLarge = !isSorted && length >= largeArraySize && indexOf === baseIndexOf,
          seen = (callback || isLarge) ? getArray() : result;

      if (isLarge) {
        var cache = createCache(seen);
        indexOf = cacheIndexOf;
        seen = cache;
      }
      while (++index < length) {
        var value = array[index],
            computed = callback ? callback(value, index, array) : value;

        if (isSorted
              ? !index || seen[seen.length - 1] !== computed
              : indexOf(seen, computed) < 0
            ) {
          if (callback || isLarge) {
            seen.push(computed);
          }
          result.push(value);
        }
      }
      if (isLarge) {
        releaseArray(seen.array);
        releaseObject(seen);
      } else if (callback) {
        releaseArray(seen);
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that aggregates a collection, creating an object composed
     * of keys generated from the results of running each element of the collection
     * through a callback. The given `setter` function sets the keys and values
     * of the composed object.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Function} setter The setter function.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new aggregator function.
     */
    function createAggregator(setter) {
      return function(collection, callback, thisArg) {
        var result = {};
        callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);

        var index = -1,
            length = collection ? collection.length : 0;

        if (typeof length == 'number') {
          while (++index < length) {
            var value = collection[index];
            setter(result, value, callback(value, index, collection), collection);
          }
        } else {
          forOwn(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
            setter(result, value, callback(value, key, collection), collection);
          });
        }
        return result;
      };
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that, when called, either curries or invokes `func`
     * with an optional `this` binding and partially applied arguments.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Function|string} func The function or method name to reference.
     * @param {number} bitmask The bitmask of method flags to compose.
     *  The bitmask may be composed of the following flags:
     *  1 - `_.bind`
     *  2 - `_.bindKey`
     *  4 - `_.curry`
     *  8 - `_.curry` (bound)
     *  16 - `_.partial`
     *  32 - `_.partialRight`
     * @param {Array} [partialArgs] An array of arguments to prepend to those
     *  provided to the new function.
     * @param {Array} [partialRightArgs] An array of arguments to append to those
     *  provided to the new function.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
     * @param {number} [arity] The arity of `func`.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     */
    function createWrapper(func, bitmask, partialArgs, partialRightArgs, thisArg, arity) {
      var isBind = bitmask & 1,
          isBindKey = bitmask & 2,
          isCurry = bitmask & 4,
          isCurryBound = bitmask & 8,
          isPartial = bitmask & 16,
          isPartialRight = bitmask & 32;

      if (!isBindKey && !isFunction(func)) {
        throw new TypeError;
      }
      if (isPartial && !partialArgs.length) {
        bitmask &= ~16;
        isPartial = partialArgs = false;
      }
      if (isPartialRight && !partialRightArgs.length) {
        bitmask &= ~32;
        isPartialRight = partialRightArgs = false;
      }
      var bindData = func && func.__bindData__;
      if (bindData && bindData !== true) {
        // clone `bindData`
        bindData = slice(bindData);
        if (bindData[2]) {
          bindData[2] = slice(bindData[2]);
        }
        if (bindData[3]) {
          bindData[3] = slice(bindData[3]);
        }
        // set `thisBinding` is not previously bound
        if (isBind && !(bindData[1] & 1)) {
          bindData[4] = thisArg;
        }
        // set if previously bound but not currently (subsequent curried functions)
        if (!isBind && bindData[1] & 1) {
          bitmask |= 8;
        }
        // set curried arity if not yet set
        if (isCurry && !(bindData[1] & 4)) {
          bindData[5] = arity;
        }
        // append partial left arguments
        if (isPartial) {
          push.apply(bindData[2] || (bindData[2] = []), partialArgs);
        }
        // append partial right arguments
        if (isPartialRight) {
          unshift.apply(bindData[3] || (bindData[3] = []), partialRightArgs);
        }
        // merge flags
        bindData[1] |= bitmask;
        return createWrapper.apply(null, bindData);
      }
      // fast path for `_.bind`
      var creater = (bitmask == 1 || bitmask === 17) ? baseBind : baseCreateWrapper;
      return creater([func, bitmask, partialArgs, partialRightArgs, thisArg, arity]);
    }

    /**
     * Used by `escape` to convert characters to HTML entities.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {string} match The matched character to escape.
     * @returns {string} Returns the escaped character.
     */
    function escapeHtmlChar(match) {
      return htmlEscapes[match];
    }

    /**
     * Gets the appropriate "indexOf" function. If the `_.indexOf` method is
     * customized, this method returns the custom method, otherwise it returns
     * the `baseIndexOf` function.
     *
     * @private
     * @returns {Function} Returns the "indexOf" function.
     */
    function getIndexOf() {
      var result = (result = lodash.indexOf) === indexOf ? baseIndexOf : result;
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is a native function.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a native function, else `false`.
     */
    function isNative(value) {
      return typeof value == 'function' && reNative.test(value);
    }

    /**
     * Sets `this` binding data on a given function.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {Function} func The function to set data on.
     * @param {Array} value The data array to set.
     */
    var setBindData = !defineProperty ? noop : function(func, value) {
      descriptor.value = value;
      defineProperty(func, '__bindData__', descriptor);
    };

    /**
     * A fallback implementation of `isPlainObject` which checks if a given value
     * is an object created by the `Object` constructor, assuming objects created
     * by the `Object` constructor have no inherited enumerable properties and that
     * there are no `Object.prototype` extensions.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a plain object, else `false`.
     */
    function shimIsPlainObject(value) {
      var ctor,
          result;

      // avoid non Object objects, `arguments` objects, and DOM elements
      if (!(value && toString.call(value) == objectClass) ||
          (ctor = value.constructor, isFunction(ctor) && !(ctor instanceof ctor))) {
        return false;
      }
      // In most environments an object's own properties are iterated before
      // its inherited properties. If the last iterated property is an object's
      // own property then there are no inherited enumerable properties.
      forIn(value, function(value, key) {
        result = key;
      });
      return typeof result == 'undefined' || hasOwnProperty.call(value, result);
    }

    /**
     * Used by `unescape` to convert HTML entities to characters.
     *
     * @private
     * @param {string} match The matched character to unescape.
     * @returns {string} Returns the unescaped character.
     */
    function unescapeHtmlChar(match) {
      return htmlUnescapes[match];
    }

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is an `arguments` object.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is an `arguments` object, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * (function() { return _.isArguments(arguments); })(1, 2, 3);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isArguments([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => false
     */
    function isArguments(value) {
      return value && typeof value == 'object' && typeof value.length == 'number' &&
        toString.call(value) == argsClass || false;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is an array.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @type Function
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is an array, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * (function() { return _.isArray(arguments); })();
     * // => false
     *
     * _.isArray([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => true
     */
    var isArray = nativeIsArray || function(value) {
      return value && typeof value == 'object' && typeof value.length == 'number' &&
        toString.call(value) == arrayClass || false;
    };

    /**
     * A fallback implementation of `Object.keys` which produces an array of the
     * given object's own enumerable property names.
     *
     * @private
     * @type Function
     * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
     * @returns {Array} Returns an array of property names.
     */
    var shimKeys = function(object) {
      var index, iterable = object, result = [];
      if (!iterable) return result;
      if (!(objectTypes[typeof object])) return result;
        for (index in iterable) {
          if (hasOwnProperty.call(iterable, index)) {
            result.push(index);
          }
        }
      return result
    };

    /**
     * Creates an array composed of the own enumerable property names of an object.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
     * @returns {Array} Returns an array of property names.
     * @example
     *
     * _.keys({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 });
     * // => ['one', 'two', 'three'] (property order is not guaranteed across environments)
     */
    var keys = !nativeKeys ? shimKeys : function(object) {
      if (!isObject(object)) {
        return [];
      }
      return nativeKeys(object);
    };

    /**
     * Used to convert characters to HTML entities:
     *
     * Though the `>` character is escaped for symmetry, characters like `>` and `/`
     * don't require escaping in HTML and have no special meaning unless they're part
     * of a tag or an unquoted attribute value.
     * http://mathiasbynens.be/notes/ambiguous-ampersands (under "semi-related fun fact")
     */
    var htmlEscapes = {
      '&': '&amp;',
      '<': '&lt;',
      '>': '&gt;',
      '"': '&quot;',
      "'": '&#39;'
    };

    /** Used to convert HTML entities to characters */
    var htmlUnescapes = invert(htmlEscapes);

    /** Used to match HTML entities and HTML characters */
    var reEscapedHtml = RegExp('(' + keys(htmlUnescapes).join('|') + ')', 'g'),
        reUnescapedHtml = RegExp('[' + keys(htmlEscapes).join('') + ']', 'g');

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Assigns own enumerable properties of source object(s) to the destination
     * object. Subsequent sources will overwrite property assignments of previous
     * sources. If a callback is provided it will be executed to produce the
     * assigned values. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with two
     * arguments; (objectValue, sourceValue).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @type Function
     * @alias extend
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
     * @param {...Object} [source] The source objects.
     * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize assigning values.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the destination object.
     * @example
     *
     * _.assign({ 'name': 'fred' }, { 'employer': 'slate' });
     * // => { 'name': 'fred', 'employer': 'slate' }
     *
     * var defaults = _.partialRight(_.assign, function(a, b) {
     *   return typeof a == 'undefined' ? b : a;
     * });
     *
     * var object = { 'name': 'barney' };
     * defaults(object, { 'name': 'fred', 'employer': 'slate' });
     * // => { 'name': 'barney', 'employer': 'slate' }
     */
    var assign = function(object, source, guard) {
      var index, iterable = object, result = iterable;
      if (!iterable) return result;
      var args = arguments,
          argsIndex = 0,
          argsLength = typeof guard == 'number' ? 2 : args.length;
      if (argsLength > 3 && typeof args[argsLength - 2] == 'function') {
        var callback = baseCreateCallback(args[--argsLength - 1], args[argsLength--], 2);
      } else if (argsLength > 2 && typeof args[argsLength - 1] == 'function') {
        callback = args[--argsLength];
      }
      while (++argsIndex < argsLength) {
        iterable = args[argsIndex];
        if (iterable && objectTypes[typeof iterable]) {
        var ownIndex = -1,
            ownProps = objectTypes[typeof iterable] && keys(iterable),
            length = ownProps ? ownProps.length : 0;

        while (++ownIndex < length) {
          index = ownProps[ownIndex];
          result[index] = callback ? callback(result[index], iterable[index]) : iterable[index];
        }
        }
      }
      return result
    };

    /**
     * Creates a clone of `value`. If `isDeep` is `true` nested objects will also
     * be cloned, otherwise they will be assigned by reference. If a callback
     * is provided it will be executed to produce the cloned values. If the
     * callback returns `undefined` cloning will be handled by the method instead.
     * The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with one argument; (value).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to clone.
     * @param {boolean} [isDeep=false] Specify a deep clone.
     * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize cloning values.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {*} Returns the cloned value.
     * @example
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
     * ];
     *
     * var shallow = _.clone(characters);
     * shallow[0] === characters[0];
     * // => true
     *
     * var deep = _.clone(characters, true);
     * deep[0] === characters[0];
     * // => false
     *
     * _.mixin({
     *   'clone': _.partialRight(_.clone, function(value) {
     *     return _.isElement(value) ? value.cloneNode(false) : undefined;
     *   })
     * });
     *
     * var clone = _.clone(document.body);
     * clone.childNodes.length;
     * // => 0
     */
    function clone(value, isDeep, callback, thisArg) {
      // allows working with "Collections" methods without using their `index`
      // and `collection` arguments for `isDeep` and `callback`
      if (typeof isDeep != 'boolean' && isDeep != null) {
        thisArg = callback;
        callback = isDeep;
        isDeep = false;
      }
      return baseClone(value, isDeep, typeof callback == 'function' && baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 1));
    }

    /**
     * Creates a deep clone of `value`. If a callback is provided it will be
     * executed to produce the cloned values. If the callback returns `undefined`
     * cloning will be handled by the method instead. The callback is bound to
     * `thisArg` and invoked with one argument; (value).
     *
     * Note: This method is loosely based on the structured clone algorithm. Functions
     * and DOM nodes are **not** cloned. The enumerable properties of `arguments` objects and
     * objects created by constructors other than `Object` are cloned to plain `Object` objects.
     * See http://www.w3.org/TR/html5/infrastructure.html#internal-structured-cloning-algorithm.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to deep clone.
     * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize cloning values.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {*} Returns the deep cloned value.
     * @example
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
     * ];
     *
     * var deep = _.cloneDeep(characters);
     * deep[0] === characters[0];
     * // => false
     *
     * var view = {
     *   'label': 'docs',
     *   'node': element
     * };
     *
     * var clone = _.cloneDeep(view, function(value) {
     *   return _.isElement(value) ? value.cloneNode(true) : undefined;
     * });
     *
     * clone.node == view.node;
     * // => false
     */
    function cloneDeep(value, callback, thisArg) {
      return baseClone(value, true, typeof callback == 'function' && baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 1));
    }

    /**
     * Creates an object that inherits from the given `prototype` object. If a
     * `properties` object is provided its own enumerable properties are assigned
     * to the created object.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} prototype The object to inherit from.
     * @param {Object} [properties] The properties to assign to the object.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the new object.
     * @example
     *
     * function Shape() {
     *   this.x = 0;
     *   this.y = 0;
     * }
     *
     * function Circle() {
     *   Shape.call(this);
     * }
     *
     * Circle.prototype = _.create(Shape.prototype, { 'constructor': Circle });
     *
     * var circle = new Circle;
     * circle instanceof Circle;
     * // => true
     *
     * circle instanceof Shape;
     * // => true
     */
    function create(prototype, properties) {
      var result = baseCreate(prototype);
      return properties ? assign(result, properties) : result;
    }

    /**
     * Assigns own enumerable properties of source object(s) to the destination
     * object for all destination properties that resolve to `undefined`. Once a
     * property is set, additional defaults of the same property will be ignored.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @type Function
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
     * @param {...Object} [source] The source objects.
     * @param- {Object} [guard] Allows working with `_.reduce` without using its
     *  `key` and `object` arguments as sources.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the destination object.
     * @example
     *
     * var object = { 'name': 'barney' };
     * _.defaults(object, { 'name': 'fred', 'employer': 'slate' });
     * // => { 'name': 'barney', 'employer': 'slate' }
     */
    var defaults = function(object, source, guard) {
      var index, iterable = object, result = iterable;
      if (!iterable) return result;
      var args = arguments,
          argsIndex = 0,
          argsLength = typeof guard == 'number' ? 2 : args.length;
      while (++argsIndex < argsLength) {
        iterable = args[argsIndex];
        if (iterable && objectTypes[typeof iterable]) {
        var ownIndex = -1,
            ownProps = objectTypes[typeof iterable] && keys(iterable),
            length = ownProps ? ownProps.length : 0;

        while (++ownIndex < length) {
          index = ownProps[ownIndex];
          if (typeof result[index] == 'undefined') result[index] = iterable[index];
        }
        }
      }
      return result
    };

    /**
     * This method is like `_.findIndex` except that it returns the key of the
     * first element that passes the callback check, instead of the element itself.
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The object to search.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called per
     *  iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used to
     *  create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {string|undefined} Returns the key of the found element, else `undefined`.
     * @example
     *
     * var characters = {
     *   'barney': {  'age': 36, 'blocked': false },
     *   'fred': {    'age': 40, 'blocked': true },
     *   'pebbles': { 'age': 1,  'blocked': false }
     * };
     *
     * _.findKey(characters, function(chr) {
     *   return chr.age < 40;
     * });
     * // => 'barney' (property order is not guaranteed across environments)
     *
     * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
     * _.findKey(characters, { 'age': 1 });
     * // => 'pebbles'
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.findKey(characters, 'blocked');
     * // => 'fred'
     */
    function findKey(object, callback, thisArg) {
      var result;
      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      forOwn(object, function(value, key, object) {
        if (callback(value, key, object)) {
          result = key;
          return false;
        }
      });
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.findKey` except that it iterates over elements
     * of a `collection` in the opposite order.
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The object to search.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called per
     *  iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used to
     *  create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {string|undefined} Returns the key of the found element, else `undefined`.
     * @example
     *
     * var characters = {
     *   'barney': {  'age': 36, 'blocked': true },
     *   'fred': {    'age': 40, 'blocked': false },
     *   'pebbles': { 'age': 1,  'blocked': true }
     * };
     *
     * _.findLastKey(characters, function(chr) {
     *   return chr.age < 40;
     * });
     * // => returns `pebbles`, assuming `_.findKey` returns `barney`
     *
     * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
     * _.findLastKey(characters, { 'age': 40 });
     * // => 'fred'
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.findLastKey(characters, 'blocked');
     * // => 'pebbles'
     */
    function findLastKey(object, callback, thisArg) {
      var result;
      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      forOwnRight(object, function(value, key, object) {
        if (callback(value, key, object)) {
          result = key;
          return false;
        }
      });
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Iterates over own and inherited enumerable properties of an object,
     * executing the callback for each property. The callback is bound to `thisArg`
     * and invoked with three arguments; (value, key, object). Callbacks may exit
     * iteration early by explicitly returning `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @type Function
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
     * @example
     *
     * function Shape() {
     *   this.x = 0;
     *   this.y = 0;
     * }
     *
     * Shape.prototype.move = function(x, y) {
     *   this.x += x;
     *   this.y += y;
     * };
     *
     * _.forIn(new Shape, function(value, key) {
     *   console.log(key);
     * });
     * // => logs 'x', 'y', and 'move' (property order is not guaranteed across environments)
     */
    var forIn = function(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      var index, iterable = collection, result = iterable;
      if (!iterable) return result;
      if (!objectTypes[typeof iterable]) return result;
      callback = callback && typeof thisArg == 'undefined' ? callback : baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
        for (index in iterable) {
          if (callback(iterable[index], index, collection) === false) return result;
        }
      return result
    };

    /**
     * This method is like `_.forIn` except that it iterates over elements
     * of a `collection` in the opposite order.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
     * @example
     *
     * function Shape() {
     *   this.x = 0;
     *   this.y = 0;
     * }
     *
     * Shape.prototype.move = function(x, y) {
     *   this.x += x;
     *   this.y += y;
     * };
     *
     * _.forInRight(new Shape, function(value, key) {
     *   console.log(key);
     * });
     * // => logs 'move', 'y', and 'x' assuming `_.forIn ` logs 'x', 'y', and 'move'
     */
    function forInRight(object, callback, thisArg) {
      var pairs = [];

      forIn(object, function(value, key) {
        pairs.push(key, value);
      });

      var length = pairs.length;
      callback = baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      while (length--) {
        if (callback(pairs[length--], pairs[length], object) === false) {
          break;
        }
      }
      return object;
    }

    /**
     * Iterates over own enumerable properties of an object, executing the callback
     * for each property. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
     * arguments; (value, key, object). Callbacks may exit iteration early by
     * explicitly returning `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @type Function
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.forOwn({ '0': 'zero', '1': 'one', 'length': 2 }, function(num, key) {
     *   console.log(key);
     * });
     * // => logs '0', '1', and 'length' (property order is not guaranteed across environments)
     */
    var forOwn = function(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      var index, iterable = collection, result = iterable;
      if (!iterable) return result;
      if (!objectTypes[typeof iterable]) return result;
      callback = callback && typeof thisArg == 'undefined' ? callback : baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
        var ownIndex = -1,
            ownProps = objectTypes[typeof iterable] && keys(iterable),
            length = ownProps ? ownProps.length : 0;

        while (++ownIndex < length) {
          index = ownProps[ownIndex];
          if (callback(iterable[index], index, collection) === false) return result;
        }
      return result
    };

    /**
     * This method is like `_.forOwn` except that it iterates over elements
     * of a `collection` in the opposite order.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.forOwnRight({ '0': 'zero', '1': 'one', 'length': 2 }, function(num, key) {
     *   console.log(key);
     * });
     * // => logs 'length', '1', and '0' assuming `_.forOwn` logs '0', '1', and 'length'
     */
    function forOwnRight(object, callback, thisArg) {
      var props = keys(object),
          length = props.length;

      callback = baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      while (length--) {
        var key = props[length];
        if (callback(object[key], key, object) === false) {
          break;
        }
      }
      return object;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a sorted array of property names of all enumerable properties,
     * own and inherited, of `object` that have function values.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias methods
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
     * @returns {Array} Returns an array of property names that have function values.
     * @example
     *
     * _.functions(_);
     * // => ['all', 'any', 'bind', 'bindAll', 'clone', 'compact', 'compose', ...]
     */
    function functions(object) {
      var result = [];
      forIn(object, function(value, key) {
        if (isFunction(value)) {
          result.push(key);
        }
      });
      return result.sort();
    }

    /**
     * Checks if the specified property name exists as a direct property of `object`,
     * instead of an inherited property.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
     * @param {string} key The name of the property to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if key is a direct property, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.has({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3 }, 'b');
     * // => true
     */
    function has(object, key) {
      return object ? hasOwnProperty.call(object, key) : false;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an object composed of the inverted keys and values of the given object.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The object to invert.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the created inverted object.
     * @example
     *
     * _.invert({ 'first': 'fred', 'second': 'barney' });
     * // => { 'fred': 'first', 'barney': 'second' }
     */
    function invert(object) {
      var index = -1,
          props = keys(object),
          length = props.length,
          result = {};

      while (++index < length) {
        var key = props[index];
        result[object[key]] = key;
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is a boolean value.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a boolean value, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isBoolean(null);
     * // => false
     */
    function isBoolean(value) {
      return value === true || value === false ||
        value && typeof value == 'object' && toString.call(value) == boolClass || false;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is a date.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a date, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isDate(new Date);
     * // => true
     */
    function isDate(value) {
      return value && typeof value == 'object' && toString.call(value) == dateClass || false;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is a DOM element.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a DOM element, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isElement(document.body);
     * // => true
     */
    function isElement(value) {
      return value && value.nodeType === 1 || false;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is empty. Arrays, strings, or `arguments` objects with a
     * length of `0` and objects with no own enumerable properties are considered
     * "empty".
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Array|Object|string} value The value to inspect.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is empty, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isEmpty([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => false
     *
     * _.isEmpty({});
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isEmpty('');
     * // => true
     */
    function isEmpty(value) {
      var result = true;
      if (!value) {
        return result;
      }
      var className = toString.call(value),
          length = value.length;

      if ((className == arrayClass || className == stringClass || className == argsClass ) ||
          (className == objectClass && typeof length == 'number' && isFunction(value.splice))) {
        return !length;
      }
      forOwn(value, function() {
        return (result = false);
      });
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Performs a deep comparison between two values to determine if they are
     * equivalent to each other. If a callback is provided it will be executed
     * to compare values. If the callback returns `undefined` comparisons will
     * be handled by the method instead. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and
     * invoked with two arguments; (a, b).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} a The value to compare.
     * @param {*} b The other value to compare.
     * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize comparing values.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the values are equivalent, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * var object = { 'name': 'fred' };
     * var copy = { 'name': 'fred' };
     *
     * object == copy;
     * // => false
     *
     * _.isEqual(object, copy);
     * // => true
     *
     * var words = ['hello', 'goodbye'];
     * var otherWords = ['hi', 'goodbye'];
     *
     * _.isEqual(words, otherWords, function(a, b) {
     *   var reGreet = /^(?:hello|hi)$/i,
     *       aGreet = _.isString(a) && reGreet.test(a),
     *       bGreet = _.isString(b) && reGreet.test(b);
     *
     *   return (aGreet || bGreet) ? (aGreet == bGreet) : undefined;
     * });
     * // => true
     */
    function isEqual(a, b, callback, thisArg) {
      return baseIsEqual(a, b, typeof callback == 'function' && baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 2));
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is, or can be coerced to, a finite number.
     *
     * Note: This is not the same as native `isFinite` which will return true for
     * booleans and empty strings. See http://es5.github.io/#x15.1.2.5.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is finite, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isFinite(-101);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isFinite('10');
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isFinite(true);
     * // => false
     *
     * _.isFinite('');
     * // => false
     *
     * _.isFinite(Infinity);
     * // => false
     */
    function isFinite(value) {
      return nativeIsFinite(value) && !nativeIsNaN(parseFloat(value));
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is a function.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a function, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isFunction(_);
     * // => true
     */
    function isFunction(value) {
      return typeof value == 'function';
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is the language type of Object.
     * (e.g. arrays, functions, objects, regexes, `new Number(0)`, and `new String('')`)
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is an object, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isObject({});
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isObject([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isObject(1);
     * // => false
     */
    function isObject(value) {
      // check if the value is the ECMAScript language type of Object
      // http://es5.github.io/#x8
      // and avoid a V8 bug
      // http://code.google.com/p/v8/issues/detail?id=2291
      return !!(value && objectTypes[typeof value]);
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is `NaN`.
     *
     * Note: This is not the same as native `isNaN` which will return `true` for
     * `undefined` and other non-numeric values. See http://es5.github.io/#x15.1.2.4.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is `NaN`, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isNaN(NaN);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isNaN(new Number(NaN));
     * // => true
     *
     * isNaN(undefined);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isNaN(undefined);
     * // => false
     */
    function isNaN(value) {
      // `NaN` as a primitive is the only value that is not equal to itself
      // (perform the [[Class]] check first to avoid errors with some host objects in IE)
      return isNumber(value) && value != +value;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is `null`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is `null`, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isNull(null);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.isNull(undefined);
     * // => false
     */
    function isNull(value) {
      return value === null;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is a number.
     *
     * Note: `NaN` is considered a number. See http://es5.github.io/#x8.5.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a number, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isNumber(8.4 * 5);
     * // => true
     */
    function isNumber(value) {
      return typeof value == 'number' ||
        value && typeof value == 'object' && toString.call(value) == numberClass || false;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is an object created by the `Object` constructor.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if `value` is a plain object, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * function Shape() {
     *   this.x = 0;
     *   this.y = 0;
     * }
     *
     * _.isPlainObject(new Shape);
     * // => false
     *
     * _.isPlainObject([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => false
     *
     * _.isPlainObject({ 'x': 0, 'y': 0 });
     * // => true
     */
    var isPlainObject = !getPrototypeOf ? shimIsPlainObject : function(value) {
      if (!(value && toString.call(value) == objectClass)) {
        return false;
      }
      var valueOf = value.valueOf,
          objProto = isNative(valueOf) && (objProto = getPrototypeOf(valueOf)) && getPrototypeOf(objProto);

      return objProto
        ? (value == objProto || getPrototypeOf(value) == objProto)
        : shimIsPlainObject(value);
    };

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is a regular expression.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a regular expression, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isRegExp(/fred/);
     * // => true
     */
    function isRegExp(value) {
      return value && typeof value == 'object' && toString.call(value) == regexpClass || false;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is a string.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is a string, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isString('fred');
     * // => true
     */
    function isString(value) {
      return typeof value == 'string' ||
        value && typeof value == 'object' && toString.call(value) == stringClass || false;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if `value` is `undefined`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {*} value The value to check.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `value` is `undefined`, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.isUndefined(void 0);
     * // => true
     */
    function isUndefined(value) {
      return typeof value == 'undefined';
    }

    /**
     * Creates an object with the same keys as `object` and values generated by
     * running each own enumerable property of `object` through the callback.
     * The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments;
     * (value, key, object).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The object to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new object with values of the results of each `callback` execution.
     * @example
     *
     * _.mapValues({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3} , function(num) { return num * 3; });
     * // => { 'a': 3, 'b': 6, 'c': 9 }
     *
     * var characters = {
     *   'fred': { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40 },
     *   'pebbles': { 'name': 'pebbles', 'age': 1 }
     * };
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.mapValues(characters, 'age');
     * // => { 'fred': 40, 'pebbles': 1 }
     */
    function mapValues(object, callback, thisArg) {
      var result = {};
      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);

      forOwn(object, function(value, key, object) {
        result[key] = callback(value, key, object);
      });
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Recursively merges own enumerable properties of the source object(s), that
     * don't resolve to `undefined` into the destination object. Subsequent sources
     * will overwrite property assignments of previous sources. If a callback is
     * provided it will be executed to produce the merged values of the destination
     * and source properties. If the callback returns `undefined` merging will
     * be handled by the method instead. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and
     * invoked with two arguments; (objectValue, sourceValue).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The destination object.
     * @param {...Object} [source] The source objects.
     * @param {Function} [callback] The function to customize merging properties.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the destination object.
     * @example
     *
     * var names = {
     *   'characters': [
     *     { 'name': 'barney' },
     *     { 'name': 'fred' }
     *   ]
     * };
     *
     * var ages = {
     *   'characters': [
     *     { 'age': 36 },
     *     { 'age': 40 }
     *   ]
     * };
     *
     * _.merge(names, ages);
     * // => { 'characters': [{ 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 }, { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40 }] }
     *
     * var food = {
     *   'fruits': ['apple'],
     *   'vegetables': ['beet']
     * };
     *
     * var otherFood = {
     *   'fruits': ['banana'],
     *   'vegetables': ['carrot']
     * };
     *
     * _.merge(food, otherFood, function(a, b) {
     *   return _.isArray(a) ? a.concat(b) : undefined;
     * });
     * // => { 'fruits': ['apple', 'banana'], 'vegetables': ['beet', 'carrot] }
     */
    function merge(object) {
      var args = arguments,
          length = 2;

      if (!isObject(object)) {
        return object;
      }
      // allows working with `_.reduce` and `_.reduceRight` without using
      // their `index` and `collection` arguments
      if (typeof args[2] != 'number') {
        length = args.length;
      }
      if (length > 3 && typeof args[length - 2] == 'function') {
        var callback = baseCreateCallback(args[--length - 1], args[length--], 2);
      } else if (length > 2 && typeof args[length - 1] == 'function') {
        callback = args[--length];
      }
      var sources = slice(arguments, 1, length),
          index = -1,
          stackA = getArray(),
          stackB = getArray();

      while (++index < length) {
        baseMerge(object, sources[index], callback, stackA, stackB);
      }
      releaseArray(stackA);
      releaseArray(stackB);
      return object;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a shallow clone of `object` excluding the specified properties.
     * Property names may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays of
     * property names. If a callback is provided it will be executed for each
     * property of `object` omitting the properties the callback returns truey
     * for. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments;
     * (value, key, object).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The source object.
     * @param {Function|...string|string[]} [callback] The properties to omit or the
     *  function called per iteration.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Object} Returns an object without the omitted properties.
     * @example
     *
     * _.omit({ 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40 }, 'age');
     * // => { 'name': 'fred' }
     *
     * _.omit({ 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40 }, function(value) {
     *   return typeof value == 'number';
     * });
     * // => { 'name': 'fred' }
     */
    function omit(object, callback, thisArg) {
      var result = {};
      if (typeof callback != 'function') {
        var props = [];
        forIn(object, function(value, key) {
          props.push(key);
        });
        props = baseDifference(props, baseFlatten(arguments, true, false, 1));

        var index = -1,
            length = props.length;

        while (++index < length) {
          var key = props[index];
          result[key] = object[key];
        }
      } else {
        callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
        forIn(object, function(value, key, object) {
          if (!callback(value, key, object)) {
            result[key] = value;
          }
        });
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a two dimensional array of an object's key-value pairs,
     * i.e. `[[key1, value1], [key2, value2]]`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
     * @returns {Array} Returns new array of key-value pairs.
     * @example
     *
     * _.pairs({ 'barney': 36, 'fred': 40 });
     * // => [['barney', 36], ['fred', 40]] (property order is not guaranteed across environments)
     */
    function pairs(object) {
      var index = -1,
          props = keys(object),
          length = props.length,
          result = Array(length);

      while (++index < length) {
        var key = props[index];
        result[index] = [key, object[key]];
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a shallow clone of `object` composed of the specified properties.
     * Property names may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays of
     * property names. If a callback is provided it will be executed for each
     * property of `object` picking the properties the callback returns truey
     * for. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments;
     * (value, key, object).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The source object.
     * @param {Function|...string|string[]} [callback] The function called per
     *  iteration or property names to pick, specified as individual property
     *  names or arrays of property names.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Object} Returns an object composed of the picked properties.
     * @example
     *
     * _.pick({ 'name': 'fred', '_userid': 'fred1' }, 'name');
     * // => { 'name': 'fred' }
     *
     * _.pick({ 'name': 'fred', '_userid': 'fred1' }, function(value, key) {
     *   return key.charAt(0) != '_';
     * });
     * // => { 'name': 'fred' }
     */
    function pick(object, callback, thisArg) {
      var result = {};
      if (typeof callback != 'function') {
        var index = -1,
            props = baseFlatten(arguments, true, false, 1),
            length = isObject(object) ? props.length : 0;

        while (++index < length) {
          var key = props[index];
          if (key in object) {
            result[key] = object[key];
          }
        }
      } else {
        callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
        forIn(object, function(value, key, object) {
          if (callback(value, key, object)) {
            result[key] = value;
          }
        });
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * An alternative to `_.reduce` this method transforms `object` to a new
     * `accumulator` object which is the result of running each of its own
     * enumerable properties through a callback, with each callback execution
     * potentially mutating the `accumulator` object. The callback is bound to
     * `thisArg` and invoked with four arguments; (accumulator, value, key, object).
     * Callbacks may exit iteration early by explicitly returning `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Array|Object} object The object to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
     * @param {*} [accumulator] The custom accumulator value.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
     * @example
     *
     * var squares = _.transform([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10], function(result, num) {
     *   num *= num;
     *   if (num % 2) {
     *     return result.push(num) < 3;
     *   }
     * });
     * // => [1, 9, 25]
     *
     * var mapped = _.transform({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3 }, function(result, num, key) {
     *   result[key] = num * 3;
     * });
     * // => { 'a': 3, 'b': 6, 'c': 9 }
     */
    function transform(object, callback, accumulator, thisArg) {
      var isArr = isArray(object);
      if (accumulator == null) {
        if (isArr) {
          accumulator = [];
        } else {
          var ctor = object && object.constructor,
              proto = ctor && ctor.prototype;

          accumulator = baseCreate(proto);
        }
      }
      if (callback) {
        callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 4);
        (isArr ? forEach : forOwn)(object, function(value, index, object) {
          return callback(accumulator, value, index, object);
        });
      }
      return accumulator;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array composed of the own enumerable property values of `object`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Objects
     * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
     * @returns {Array} Returns an array of property values.
     * @example
     *
     * _.values({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 });
     * // => [1, 2, 3] (property order is not guaranteed across environments)
     */
    function values(object) {
      var index = -1,
          props = keys(object),
          length = props.length,
          result = Array(length);

      while (++index < length) {
        result[index] = object[props[index]];
      }
      return result;
    }

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Creates an array of elements from the specified indexes, or keys, of the
     * `collection`. Indexes may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays
     * of indexes.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {...(number|number[]|string|string[])} [index] The indexes of `collection`
     *   to retrieve, specified as individual indexes or arrays of indexes.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of elements corresponding to the
     *  provided indexes.
     * @example
     *
     * _.at(['a', 'b', 'c', 'd', 'e'], [0, 2, 4]);
     * // => ['a', 'c', 'e']
     *
     * _.at(['fred', 'barney', 'pebbles'], 0, 2);
     * // => ['fred', 'pebbles']
     */
    function at(collection) {
      var args = arguments,
          index = -1,
          props = baseFlatten(args, true, false, 1),
          length = (args[2] && args[2][args[1]] === collection) ? 1 : props.length,
          result = Array(length);

      while(++index < length) {
        result[index] = collection[props[index]];
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if a given value is present in a collection using strict equality
     * for comparisons, i.e. `===`. If `fromIndex` is negative, it is used as the
     * offset from the end of the collection.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias include
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {*} target The value to check for.
     * @param {number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if the `target` element is found, else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.contains([1, 2, 3], 1);
     * // => true
     *
     * _.contains([1, 2, 3], 1, 2);
     * // => false
     *
     * _.contains({ 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40 }, 'fred');
     * // => true
     *
     * _.contains('pebbles', 'eb');
     * // => true
     */
    function contains(collection, target, fromIndex) {
      var index = -1,
          indexOf = getIndexOf(),
          length = collection ? collection.length : 0,
          result = false;

      fromIndex = (fromIndex < 0 ? nativeMax(0, length + fromIndex) : fromIndex) || 0;
      if (isArray(collection)) {
        result = indexOf(collection, target, fromIndex) > -1;
      } else if (typeof length == 'number') {
        result = (isString(collection) ? collection.indexOf(target, fromIndex) : indexOf(collection, target, fromIndex)) > -1;
      } else {
        forOwn(collection, function(value) {
          if (++index >= fromIndex) {
            return !(result = value === target);
          }
        });
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an object composed of keys generated from the results of running
     * each element of `collection` through the callback. The corresponding value
     * of each key is the number of times the key was returned by the callback.
     * The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments;
     * (value, index|key, collection).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.
     * @example
     *
     * _.countBy([4.3, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return Math.floor(num); });
     * // => { '4': 1, '6': 2 }
     *
     * _.countBy([4.3, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return this.floor(num); }, Math);
     * // => { '4': 1, '6': 2 }
     *
     * _.countBy(['one', 'two', 'three'], 'length');
     * // => { '3': 2, '5': 1 }
     */
    var countBy = createAggregator(function(result, value, key) {
      (hasOwnProperty.call(result, key) ? result[key]++ : result[key] = 1);
    });

    /**
     * Checks if the given callback returns truey value for **all** elements of
     * a collection. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
     * arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias all
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if all elements passed the callback check,
     *  else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.every([true, 1, null, 'yes']);
     * // => false
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
     * ];
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.every(characters, 'age');
     * // => true
     *
     * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
     * _.every(characters, { 'age': 36 });
     * // => false
     */
    function every(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      var result = true;
      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);

      var index = -1,
          length = collection ? collection.length : 0;

      if (typeof length == 'number') {
        while (++index < length) {
          if (!(result = !!callback(collection[index], index, collection))) {
            break;
          }
        }
      } else {
        forOwn(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
          return (result = !!callback(value, index, collection));
        });
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Iterates over elements of a collection, returning an array of all elements
     * the callback returns truey for. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and
     * invoked with three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias select
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of elements that passed the callback check.
     * @example
     *
     * var evens = _.filter([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; });
     * // => [2, 4, 6]
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'blocked': false },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'blocked': true }
     * ];
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.filter(characters, 'blocked');
     * // => [{ 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40, 'blocked': true }]
     *
     * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
     * _.filter(characters, { 'age': 36 });
     * // => [{ 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'blocked': false }]
     */
    function filter(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      var result = [];
      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);

      var index = -1,
          length = collection ? collection.length : 0;

      if (typeof length == 'number') {
        while (++index < length) {
          var value = collection[index];
          if (callback(value, index, collection)) {
            result.push(value);
          }
        }
      } else {
        forOwn(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
          if (callback(value, index, collection)) {
            result.push(value);
          }
        });
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Iterates over elements of a collection, returning the first element that
     * the callback returns truey for. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and
     * invoked with three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias detect, findWhere
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {*} Returns the found element, else `undefined`.
     * @example
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney',  'age': 36, 'blocked': false },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',    'age': 40, 'blocked': true },
     *   { 'name': 'pebbles', 'age': 1,  'blocked': false }
     * ];
     *
     * _.find(characters, function(chr) {
     *   return chr.age < 40;
     * });
     * // => { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'blocked': false }
     *
     * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
     * _.find(characters, { 'age': 1 });
     * // =>  { 'name': 'pebbles', 'age': 1, 'blocked': false }
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.find(characters, 'blocked');
     * // => { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40, 'blocked': true }
     */
    function find(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);

      var index = -1,
          length = collection ? collection.length : 0;

      if (typeof length == 'number') {
        while (++index < length) {
          var value = collection[index];
          if (callback(value, index, collection)) {
            return value;
          }
        }
      } else {
        var result;
        forOwn(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
          if (callback(value, index, collection)) {
            result = value;
            return false;
          }
        });
        return result;
      }
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.find` except that it iterates over elements
     * of a `collection` from right to left.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {*} Returns the found element, else `undefined`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.findLast([1, 2, 3, 4], function(num) {
     *   return num % 2 == 1;
     * });
     * // => 3
     */
    function findLast(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      var result;
      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      forEachRight(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
        if (callback(value, index, collection)) {
          result = value;
          return false;
        }
      });
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Iterates over elements of a collection, executing the callback for each
     * element. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments;
     * (value, index|key, collection). Callbacks may exit iteration early by
     * explicitly returning `false`.
     *
     * Note: As with other "Collections" methods, objects with a `length` property
     * are iterated like arrays. To avoid this behavior `_.forIn` or `_.forOwn`
     * may be used for object iteration.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias each
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Array|Object|string} Returns `collection`.
     * @example
     *
     * _([1, 2, 3]).forEach(function(num) { console.log(num); }).join(',');
     * // => logs each number and returns '1,2,3'
     *
     * _.forEach({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 }, function(num) { console.log(num); });
     * // => logs each number and returns the object (property order is not guaranteed across environments)
     */
    function forEach(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      var index = -1,
          length = collection ? collection.length : 0;

      callback = callback && typeof thisArg == 'undefined' ? callback : baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      if (typeof length == 'number') {
        while (++index < length) {
          if (callback(collection[index], index, collection) === false) {
            break;
          }
        }
      } else {
        forOwn(collection, callback);
      }
      return collection;
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.forEach` except that it iterates over elements
     * of a `collection` from right to left.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias eachRight
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Array|Object|string} Returns `collection`.
     * @example
     *
     * _([1, 2, 3]).forEachRight(function(num) { console.log(num); }).join(',');
     * // => logs each number from right to left and returns '3,2,1'
     */
    function forEachRight(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      var length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
      callback = callback && typeof thisArg == 'undefined' ? callback : baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      if (typeof length == 'number') {
        while (length--) {
          if (callback(collection[length], length, collection) === false) {
            break;
          }
        }
      } else {
        var props = keys(collection);
        length = props.length;
        forOwn(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
          key = props ? props[--length] : --length;
          return callback(collection[key], key, collection);
        });
      }
      return collection;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an object composed of keys generated from the results of running
     * each element of a collection through the callback. The corresponding value
     * of each key is an array of the elements responsible for generating the key.
     * The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments;
     * (value, index|key, collection).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.
     * @example
     *
     * _.groupBy([4.2, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return Math.floor(num); });
     * // => { '4': [4.2], '6': [6.1, 6.4] }
     *
     * _.groupBy([4.2, 6.1, 6.4], function(num) { return this.floor(num); }, Math);
     * // => { '4': [4.2], '6': [6.1, 6.4] }
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.groupBy(['one', 'two', 'three'], 'length');
     * // => { '3': ['one', 'two'], '5': ['three'] }
     */
    var groupBy = createAggregator(function(result, value, key) {
      (hasOwnProperty.call(result, key) ? result[key] : result[key] = []).push(value);
    });

    /**
     * Creates an object composed of keys generated from the results of running
     * each element of the collection through the given callback. The corresponding
     * value of each key is the last element responsible for generating the key.
     * The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments;
     * (value, index|key, collection).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the composed aggregate object.
     * @example
     *
     * var keys = [
     *   { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 },
     *   { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 }
     * ];
     *
     * _.indexBy(keys, 'dir');
     * // => { 'left': { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 }, 'right': { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 } }
     *
     * _.indexBy(keys, function(key) { return String.fromCharCode(key.code); });
     * // => { 'a': { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 }, 'd': { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 } }
     *
     * _.indexBy(characters, function(key) { this.fromCharCode(key.code); }, String);
     * // => { 'a': { 'dir': 'left', 'code': 97 }, 'd': { 'dir': 'right', 'code': 100 } }
     */
    var indexBy = createAggregator(function(result, value, key) {
      result[key] = value;
    });

    /**
     * Invokes the method named by `methodName` on each element in the `collection`
     * returning an array of the results of each invoked method. Additional arguments
     * will be provided to each invoked method. If `methodName` is a function it
     * will be invoked for, and `this` bound to, each element in the `collection`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|string} methodName The name of the method to invoke or
     *  the function invoked per iteration.
     * @param {...*} [arg] Arguments to invoke the method with.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of the results of each invoked method.
     * @example
     *
     * _.invoke([[5, 1, 7], [3, 2, 1]], 'sort');
     * // => [[1, 5, 7], [1, 2, 3]]
     *
     * _.invoke([123, 456], String.prototype.split, '');
     * // => [['1', '2', '3'], ['4', '5', '6']]
     */
    function invoke(collection, methodName) {
      var args = slice(arguments, 2),
          index = -1,
          isFunc = typeof methodName == 'function',
          length = collection ? collection.length : 0,
          result = Array(typeof length == 'number' ? length : 0);

      forEach(collection, function(value) {
        result[++index] = (isFunc ? methodName : value[methodName]).apply(value, args);
      });
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array of values by running each element in the collection
     * through the callback. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with
     * three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias collect
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of the results of each `callback` execution.
     * @example
     *
     * _.map([1, 2, 3], function(num) { return num * 3; });
     * // => [3, 6, 9]
     *
     * _.map({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 }, function(num) { return num * 3; });
     * // => [3, 6, 9] (property order is not guaranteed across environments)
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
     * ];
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.map(characters, 'name');
     * // => ['barney', 'fred']
     */
    function map(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      var index = -1,
          length = collection ? collection.length : 0;

      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      if (typeof length == 'number') {
        var result = Array(length);
        while (++index < length) {
          result[index] = callback(collection[index], index, collection);
        }
      } else {
        result = [];
        forOwn(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
          result[++index] = callback(value, key, collection);
        });
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves the maximum value of a collection. If the collection is empty or
     * falsey `-Infinity` is returned. If a callback is provided it will be executed
     * for each value in the collection to generate the criterion by which the value
     * is ranked. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
     * arguments; (value, index, collection).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {*} Returns the maximum value.
     * @example
     *
     * _.max([4, 2, 8, 6]);
     * // => 8
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
     * ];
     *
     * _.max(characters, function(chr) { return chr.age; });
     * // => { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40 };
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.max(characters, 'age');
     * // => { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40 };
     */
    function max(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      var computed = -Infinity,
          result = computed;

      // allows working with functions like `_.map` without using
      // their `index` argument as a callback
      if (typeof callback != 'function' && thisArg && thisArg[callback] === collection) {
        callback = null;
      }
      if (callback == null && isArray(collection)) {
        var index = -1,
            length = collection.length;

        while (++index < length) {
          var value = collection[index];
          if (value > result) {
            result = value;
          }
        }
      } else {
        callback = (callback == null && isString(collection))
          ? charAtCallback
          : lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);

        forEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
          var current = callback(value, index, collection);
          if (current > computed) {
            computed = current;
            result = value;
          }
        });
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves the minimum value of a collection. If the collection is empty or
     * falsey `Infinity` is returned. If a callback is provided it will be executed
     * for each value in the collection to generate the criterion by which the value
     * is ranked. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
     * arguments; (value, index, collection).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {*} Returns the minimum value.
     * @example
     *
     * _.min([4, 2, 8, 6]);
     * // => 2
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
     * ];
     *
     * _.min(characters, function(chr) { return chr.age; });
     * // => { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 };
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.min(characters, 'age');
     * // => { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 };
     */
    function min(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      var computed = Infinity,
          result = computed;

      // allows working with functions like `_.map` without using
      // their `index` argument as a callback
      if (typeof callback != 'function' && thisArg && thisArg[callback] === collection) {
        callback = null;
      }
      if (callback == null && isArray(collection)) {
        var index = -1,
            length = collection.length;

        while (++index < length) {
          var value = collection[index];
          if (value < result) {
            result = value;
          }
        }
      } else {
        callback = (callback == null && isString(collection))
          ? charAtCallback
          : lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);

        forEach(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
          var current = callback(value, index, collection);
          if (current < computed) {
            computed = current;
            result = value;
          }
        });
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves the value of a specified property from all elements in the collection.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @type Function
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {string} property The name of the property to pluck.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of property values.
     * @example
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
     * ];
     *
     * _.pluck(characters, 'name');
     * // => ['barney', 'fred']
     */
    var pluck = map;

    /**
     * Reduces a collection to a value which is the accumulated result of running
     * each element in the collection through the callback, where each successive
     * callback execution consumes the return value of the previous execution. If
     * `accumulator` is not provided the first element of the collection will be
     * used as the initial `accumulator` value. The callback is bound to `thisArg`
     * and invoked with four arguments; (accumulator, value, index|key, collection).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias foldl, inject
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
     * @param {*} [accumulator] Initial value of the accumulator.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
     * @example
     *
     * var sum = _.reduce([1, 2, 3], function(sum, num) {
     *   return sum + num;
     * });
     * // => 6
     *
     * var mapped = _.reduce({ 'a': 1, 'b': 2, 'c': 3 }, function(result, num, key) {
     *   result[key] = num * 3;
     *   return result;
     * }, {});
     * // => { 'a': 3, 'b': 6, 'c': 9 }
     */
    function reduce(collection, callback, accumulator, thisArg) {
      if (!collection) return accumulator;
      var noaccum = arguments.length < 3;
      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 4);

      var index = -1,
          length = collection.length;

      if (typeof length == 'number') {
        if (noaccum) {
          accumulator = collection[++index];
        }
        while (++index < length) {
          accumulator = callback(accumulator, collection[index], index, collection);
        }
      } else {
        forOwn(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
          accumulator = noaccum
            ? (noaccum = false, value)
            : callback(accumulator, value, index, collection)
        });
      }
      return accumulator;
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.reduce` except that it iterates over elements
     * of a `collection` from right to left.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias foldr
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function} [callback=identity] The function called per iteration.
     * @param {*} [accumulator] Initial value of the accumulator.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {*} Returns the accumulated value.
     * @example
     *
     * var list = [[0, 1], [2, 3], [4, 5]];
     * var flat = _.reduceRight(list, function(a, b) { return a.concat(b); }, []);
     * // => [4, 5, 2, 3, 0, 1]
     */
    function reduceRight(collection, callback, accumulator, thisArg) {
      var noaccum = arguments.length < 3;
      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 4);
      forEachRight(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
        accumulator = noaccum
          ? (noaccum = false, value)
          : callback(accumulator, value, index, collection);
      });
      return accumulator;
    }

    /**
     * The opposite of `_.filter` this method returns the elements of a
     * collection that the callback does **not** return truey for.
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of elements that failed the callback check.
     * @example
     *
     * var odds = _.reject([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6], function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; });
     * // => [1, 3, 5]
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'blocked': false },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'blocked': true }
     * ];
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.reject(characters, 'blocked');
     * // => [{ 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'blocked': false }]
     *
     * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
     * _.reject(characters, { 'age': 36 });
     * // => [{ 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40, 'blocked': true }]
     */
    function reject(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      return filter(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
        return !callback(value, index, collection);
      });
    }

    /**
     * Retrieves a random element or `n` random elements from a collection.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to sample.
     * @param {number} [n] The number of elements to sample.
     * @param- {Object} [guard] Allows working with functions like `_.map`
     *  without using their `index` arguments as `n`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the random sample(s) of `collection`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.sample([1, 2, 3, 4]);
     * // => 2
     *
     * _.sample([1, 2, 3, 4], 2);
     * // => [3, 1]
     */
    function sample(collection, n, guard) {
      if (collection && typeof collection.length != 'number') {
        collection = values(collection);
      }
      if (n == null || guard) {
        return collection ? collection[baseRandom(0, collection.length - 1)] : undefined;
      }
      var result = shuffle(collection);
      result.length = nativeMin(nativeMax(0, n), result.length);
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array of shuffled values, using a version of the Fisher-Yates
     * shuffle. See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Fisher-Yates_shuffle.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to shuffle.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new shuffled collection.
     * @example
     *
     * _.shuffle([1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6]);
     * // => [4, 1, 6, 3, 5, 2]
     */
    function shuffle(collection) {
      var index = -1,
          length = collection ? collection.length : 0,
          result = Array(typeof length == 'number' ? length : 0);

      forEach(collection, function(value) {
        var rand = baseRandom(0, ++index);
        result[index] = result[rand];
        result[rand] = value;
      });
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the size of the `collection` by returning `collection.length` for arrays
     * and array-like objects or the number of own enumerable properties for objects.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to inspect.
     * @returns {number} Returns `collection.length` or number of own enumerable properties.
     * @example
     *
     * _.size([1, 2]);
     * // => 2
     *
     * _.size({ 'one': 1, 'two': 2, 'three': 3 });
     * // => 3
     *
     * _.size('pebbles');
     * // => 7
     */
    function size(collection) {
      var length = collection ? collection.length : 0;
      return typeof length == 'number' ? length : keys(collection).length;
    }

    /**
     * Checks if the callback returns a truey value for **any** element of a
     * collection. The function returns as soon as it finds a passing value and
     * does not iterate over the entire collection. The callback is bound to
     * `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias any
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {boolean} Returns `true` if any element passed the callback check,
     *  else `false`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.some([null, 0, 'yes', false], Boolean);
     * // => true
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'blocked': false },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'blocked': true }
     * ];
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.some(characters, 'blocked');
     * // => true
     *
     * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
     * _.some(characters, { 'age': 1 });
     * // => false
     */
    function some(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      var result;
      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);

      var index = -1,
          length = collection ? collection.length : 0;

      if (typeof length == 'number') {
        while (++index < length) {
          if ((result = callback(collection[index], index, collection))) {
            break;
          }
        }
      } else {
        forOwn(collection, function(value, index, collection) {
          return !(result = callback(value, index, collection));
        });
      }
      return !!result;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array of elements, sorted in ascending order by the results of
     * running each element in a collection through the callback. This method
     * performs a stable sort, that is, it will preserve the original sort order
     * of equal elements. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with
     * three arguments; (value, index|key, collection).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an array of property names is provided for `callback` the collection
     * will be sorted by each property value.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Array|Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of sorted elements.
     * @example
     *
     * _.sortBy([1, 2, 3], function(num) { return Math.sin(num); });
     * // => [3, 1, 2]
     *
     * _.sortBy([1, 2, 3], function(num) { return this.sin(num); }, Math);
     * // => [3, 1, 2]
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney',  'age': 36 },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',    'age': 40 },
     *   { 'name': 'barney',  'age': 26 },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',    'age': 30 }
     * ];
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.map(_.sortBy(characters, 'age'), _.values);
     * // => [['barney', 26], ['fred', 30], ['barney', 36], ['fred', 40]]
     *
     * // sorting by multiple properties
     * _.map(_.sortBy(characters, ['name', 'age']), _.values);
     * // = > [['barney', 26], ['barney', 36], ['fred', 30], ['fred', 40]]
     */
    function sortBy(collection, callback, thisArg) {
      var index = -1,
          isArr = isArray(callback),
          length = collection ? collection.length : 0,
          result = Array(typeof length == 'number' ? length : 0);

      if (!isArr) {
        callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      }
      forEach(collection, function(value, key, collection) {
        var object = result[++index] = getObject();
        if (isArr) {
          object.criteria = map(callback, function(key) { return value[key]; });
        } else {
          (object.criteria = getArray())[0] = callback(value, key, collection);
        }
        object.index = index;
        object.value = value;
      });

      length = result.length;
      result.sort(compareAscending);
      while (length--) {
        var object = result[length];
        result[length] = object.value;
        if (!isArr) {
          releaseArray(object.criteria);
        }
        releaseObject(object);
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Converts the `collection` to an array.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to convert.
     * @returns {Array} Returns the new converted array.
     * @example
     *
     * (function() { return _.toArray(arguments).slice(1); })(1, 2, 3, 4);
     * // => [2, 3, 4]
     */
    function toArray(collection) {
      if (collection && typeof collection.length == 'number') {
        return slice(collection);
      }
      return values(collection);
    }

    /**
     * Performs a deep comparison of each element in a `collection` to the given
     * `properties` object, returning an array of all elements that have equivalent
     * property values.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @type Function
     * @category Collections
     * @param {Array|Object|string} collection The collection to iterate over.
     * @param {Object} props The object of property values to filter by.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of elements that have the given properties.
     * @example
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'pets': ['hoppy'] },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'pets': ['baby puss', 'dino'] }
     * ];
     *
     * _.where(characters, { 'age': 36 });
     * // => [{ 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36, 'pets': ['hoppy'] }]
     *
     * _.where(characters, { 'pets': ['dino'] });
     * // => [{ 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40, 'pets': ['baby puss', 'dino'] }]
     */
    var where = filter;

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Creates an array with all falsey values removed. The values `false`, `null`,
     * `0`, `""`, `undefined`, and `NaN` are all falsey.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to compact.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of filtered values.
     * @example
     *
     * _.compact([0, 1, false, 2, '', 3]);
     * // => [1, 2, 3]
     */
    function compact(array) {
      var index = -1,
          length = array ? array.length : 0,
          result = [];

      while (++index < length) {
        var value = array[index];
        if (value) {
          result.push(value);
        }
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array excluding all values of the provided arrays using strict
     * equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to process.
     * @param {...Array} [values] The arrays of values to exclude.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of filtered values.
     * @example
     *
     * _.difference([1, 2, 3, 4, 5], [5, 2, 10]);
     * // => [1, 3, 4]
     */
    function difference(array) {
      return baseDifference(array, baseFlatten(arguments, true, true, 1));
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.find` except that it returns the index of the first
     * element that passes the callback check, instead of the element itself.
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to search.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the found element, else `-1`.
     * @example
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney',  'age': 36, 'blocked': false },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',    'age': 40, 'blocked': true },
     *   { 'name': 'pebbles', 'age': 1,  'blocked': false }
     * ];
     *
     * _.findIndex(characters, function(chr) {
     *   return chr.age < 20;
     * });
     * // => 2
     *
     * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
     * _.findIndex(characters, { 'age': 36 });
     * // => 0
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.findIndex(characters, 'blocked');
     * // => 1
     */
    function findIndex(array, callback, thisArg) {
      var index = -1,
          length = array ? array.length : 0;

      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      while (++index < length) {
        if (callback(array[index], index, array)) {
          return index;
        }
      }
      return -1;
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.findIndex` except that it iterates over elements
     * of a `collection` from right to left.
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to search.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the found element, else `-1`.
     * @example
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney',  'age': 36, 'blocked': true },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',    'age': 40, 'blocked': false },
     *   { 'name': 'pebbles', 'age': 1,  'blocked': true }
     * ];
     *
     * _.findLastIndex(characters, function(chr) {
     *   return chr.age > 30;
     * });
     * // => 1
     *
     * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
     * _.findLastIndex(characters, { 'age': 36 });
     * // => 0
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.findLastIndex(characters, 'blocked');
     * // => 2
     */
    function findLastIndex(array, callback, thisArg) {
      var length = array ? array.length : 0;
      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      while (length--) {
        if (callback(array[length], length, array)) {
          return length;
        }
      }
      return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the first element or first `n` elements of an array. If a callback
     * is provided elements at the beginning of the array are returned as long
     * as the callback returns truey. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and
     * invoked with three arguments; (value, index, array).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias head, take
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
     * @param {Function|Object|number|string} [callback] The function called
     *  per element or the number of elements to return. If a property name or
     *  object is provided it will be used to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where"
     *  style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {*} Returns the first element(s) of `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.first([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => 1
     *
     * _.first([1, 2, 3], 2);
     * // => [1, 2]
     *
     * _.first([1, 2, 3], function(num) {
     *   return num < 3;
     * });
     * // => [1, 2]
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney',  'blocked': true,  'employer': 'slate' },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',    'blocked': false, 'employer': 'slate' },
     *   { 'name': 'pebbles', 'blocked': true,  'employer': 'na' }
     * ];
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.first(characters, 'blocked');
     * // => [{ 'name': 'barney', 'blocked': true, 'employer': 'slate' }]
     *
     * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
     * _.pluck(_.first(characters, { 'employer': 'slate' }), 'name');
     * // => ['barney', 'fred']
     */
    function first(array, callback, thisArg) {
      var n = 0,
          length = array ? array.length : 0;

      if (typeof callback != 'number' && callback != null) {
        var index = -1;
        callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
        while (++index < length && callback(array[index], index, array)) {
          n++;
        }
      } else {
        n = callback;
        if (n == null || thisArg) {
          return array ? array[0] : undefined;
        }
      }
      return slice(array, 0, nativeMin(nativeMax(0, n), length));
    }

    /**
     * Flattens a nested array (the nesting can be to any depth). If `isShallow`
     * is truey, the array will only be flattened a single level. If a callback
     * is provided each element of the array is passed through the callback before
     * flattening. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
     * arguments; (value, index, array).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to flatten.
     * @param {boolean} [isShallow=false] A flag to restrict flattening to a single level.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new flattened array.
     * @example
     *
     * _.flatten([1, [2], [3, [[4]]]]);
     * // => [1, 2, 3, 4];
     *
     * _.flatten([1, [2], [3, [[4]]]], true);
     * // => [1, 2, 3, [[4]]];
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 30, 'pets': ['hoppy'] },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',   'age': 40, 'pets': ['baby puss', 'dino'] }
     * ];
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.flatten(characters, 'pets');
     * // => ['hoppy', 'baby puss', 'dino']
     */
    function flatten(array, isShallow, callback, thisArg) {
      // juggle arguments
      if (typeof isShallow != 'boolean' && isShallow != null) {
        thisArg = callback;
        callback = (typeof isShallow != 'function' && thisArg && thisArg[isShallow] === array) ? null : isShallow;
        isShallow = false;
      }
      if (callback != null) {
        array = map(array, callback, thisArg);
      }
      return baseFlatten(array, isShallow);
    }

    /**
     * Gets the index at which the first occurrence of `value` is found using
     * strict equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`. If the array is already sorted
     * providing `true` for `fromIndex` will run a faster binary search.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to search.
     * @param {*} value The value to search for.
     * @param {boolean|number} [fromIndex=0] The index to search from or `true`
     *  to perform a binary search on a sorted array.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value or `-1`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.indexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2);
     * // => 1
     *
     * _.indexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2, 3);
     * // => 4
     *
     * _.indexOf([1, 1, 2, 2, 3, 3], 2, true);
     * // => 2
     */
    function indexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
      if (typeof fromIndex == 'number') {
        var length = array ? array.length : 0;
        fromIndex = (fromIndex < 0 ? nativeMax(0, length + fromIndex) : fromIndex || 0);
      } else if (fromIndex) {
        var index = sortedIndex(array, value);
        return array[index] === value ? index : -1;
      }
      return baseIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex);
    }

    /**
     * Gets all but the last element or last `n` elements of an array. If a
     * callback is provided elements at the end of the array are excluded from
     * the result as long as the callback returns truey. The callback is bound
     * to `thisArg` and invoked with three arguments; (value, index, array).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
     * @param {Function|Object|number|string} [callback=1] The function called
     *  per element or the number of elements to exclude. If a property name or
     *  object is provided it will be used to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where"
     *  style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a slice of `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.initial([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => [1, 2]
     *
     * _.initial([1, 2, 3], 2);
     * // => [1]
     *
     * _.initial([1, 2, 3], function(num) {
     *   return num > 1;
     * });
     * // => [1]
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney',  'blocked': false, 'employer': 'slate' },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',    'blocked': true,  'employer': 'slate' },
     *   { 'name': 'pebbles', 'blocked': true,  'employer': 'na' }
     * ];
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.initial(characters, 'blocked');
     * // => [{ 'name': 'barney',  'blocked': false, 'employer': 'slate' }]
     *
     * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
     * _.pluck(_.initial(characters, { 'employer': 'na' }), 'name');
     * // => ['barney', 'fred']
     */
    function initial(array, callback, thisArg) {
      var n = 0,
          length = array ? array.length : 0;

      if (typeof callback != 'number' && callback != null) {
        var index = length;
        callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
        while (index-- && callback(array[index], index, array)) {
          n++;
        }
      } else {
        n = (callback == null || thisArg) ? 1 : callback || n;
      }
      return slice(array, 0, nativeMin(nativeMax(0, length - n), length));
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array of unique values present in all provided arrays using
     * strict equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {...Array} [array] The arrays to inspect.
     * @returns {Array} Returns an array of shared values.
     * @example
     *
     * _.intersection([1, 2, 3], [5, 2, 1, 4], [2, 1]);
     * // => [1, 2]
     */
    function intersection() {
      var args = [],
          argsIndex = -1,
          argsLength = arguments.length,
          caches = getArray(),
          indexOf = getIndexOf(),
          trustIndexOf = indexOf === baseIndexOf,
          seen = getArray();

      while (++argsIndex < argsLength) {
        var value = arguments[argsIndex];
        if (isArray(value) || isArguments(value)) {
          args.push(value);
          caches.push(trustIndexOf && value.length >= largeArraySize &&
            createCache(argsIndex ? args[argsIndex] : seen));
        }
      }
      var array = args[0],
          index = -1,
          length = array ? array.length : 0,
          result = [];

      outer:
      while (++index < length) {
        var cache = caches[0];
        value = array[index];

        if ((cache ? cacheIndexOf(cache, value) : indexOf(seen, value)) < 0) {
          argsIndex = argsLength;
          (cache || seen).push(value);
          while (--argsIndex) {
            cache = caches[argsIndex];
            if ((cache ? cacheIndexOf(cache, value) : indexOf(args[argsIndex], value)) < 0) {
              continue outer;
            }
          }
          result.push(value);
        }
      }
      while (argsLength--) {
        cache = caches[argsLength];
        if (cache) {
          releaseObject(cache);
        }
      }
      releaseArray(caches);
      releaseArray(seen);
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Gets the last element or last `n` elements of an array. If a callback is
     * provided elements at the end of the array are returned as long as the
     * callback returns truey. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked
     * with three arguments; (value, index, array).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
     * @param {Function|Object|number|string} [callback] The function called
     *  per element or the number of elements to return. If a property name or
     *  object is provided it will be used to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where"
     *  style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {*} Returns the last element(s) of `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.last([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => 3
     *
     * _.last([1, 2, 3], 2);
     * // => [2, 3]
     *
     * _.last([1, 2, 3], function(num) {
     *   return num > 1;
     * });
     * // => [2, 3]
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney',  'blocked': false, 'employer': 'slate' },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',    'blocked': true,  'employer': 'slate' },
     *   { 'name': 'pebbles', 'blocked': true,  'employer': 'na' }
     * ];
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.pluck(_.last(characters, 'blocked'), 'name');
     * // => ['fred', 'pebbles']
     *
     * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
     * _.last(characters, { 'employer': 'na' });
     * // => [{ 'name': 'pebbles', 'blocked': true, 'employer': 'na' }]
     */
    function last(array, callback, thisArg) {
      var n = 0,
          length = array ? array.length : 0;

      if (typeof callback != 'number' && callback != null) {
        var index = length;
        callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
        while (index-- && callback(array[index], index, array)) {
          n++;
        }
      } else {
        n = callback;
        if (n == null || thisArg) {
          return array ? array[length - 1] : undefined;
        }
      }
      return slice(array, nativeMax(0, length - n));
    }

    /**
     * Gets the index at which the last occurrence of `value` is found using strict
     * equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`. If `fromIndex` is negative, it is used
     * as the offset from the end of the collection.
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to search.
     * @param {*} value The value to search for.
     * @param {number} [fromIndex=array.length-1] The index to search from.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index of the matched value or `-1`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.lastIndexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2);
     * // => 4
     *
     * _.lastIndexOf([1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3], 2, 3);
     * // => 1
     */
    function lastIndexOf(array, value, fromIndex) {
      var index = array ? array.length : 0;
      if (typeof fromIndex == 'number') {
        index = (fromIndex < 0 ? nativeMax(0, index + fromIndex) : nativeMin(fromIndex, index - 1)) + 1;
      }
      while (index--) {
        if (array[index] === value) {
          return index;
        }
      }
      return -1;
    }

    /**
     * Removes all provided values from the given array using strict equality for
     * comparisons, i.e. `===`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
     * @param {...*} [value] The values to remove.
     * @returns {Array} Returns `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * var array = [1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3];
     * _.pull(array, 2, 3);
     * console.log(array);
     * // => [1, 1]
     */
    function pull(array) {
      var args = arguments,
          argsIndex = 0,
          argsLength = args.length,
          length = array ? array.length : 0;

      while (++argsIndex < argsLength) {
        var index = -1,
            value = args[argsIndex];
        while (++index < length) {
          if (array[index] === value) {
            splice.call(array, index--, 1);
            length--;
          }
        }
      }
      return array;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array of numbers (positive and/or negative) progressing from
     * `start` up to but not including `end`. If `start` is less than `stop` a
     * zero-length range is created unless a negative `step` is specified.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {number} [start=0] The start of the range.
     * @param {number} end The end of the range.
     * @param {number} [step=1] The value to increment or decrement by.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new range array.
     * @example
     *
     * _.range(4);
     * // => [0, 1, 2, 3]
     *
     * _.range(1, 5);
     * // => [1, 2, 3, 4]
     *
     * _.range(0, 20, 5);
     * // => [0, 5, 10, 15]
     *
     * _.range(0, -4, -1);
     * // => [0, -1, -2, -3]
     *
     * _.range(1, 4, 0);
     * // => [1, 1, 1]
     *
     * _.range(0);
     * // => []
     */
    function range(start, end, step) {
      start = +start || 0;
      step = typeof step == 'number' ? step : (+step || 1);

      if (end == null) {
        end = start;
        start = 0;
      }
      // use `Array(length)` so engines like Chakra and V8 avoid slower modes
      // http://youtu.be/XAqIpGU8ZZk#t=17m25s
      var index = -1,
          length = nativeMax(0, ceil((end - start) / (step || 1))),
          result = Array(length);

      while (++index < length) {
        result[index] = start;
        start += step;
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Removes all elements from an array that the callback returns truey for
     * and returns an array of removed elements. The callback is bound to `thisArg`
     * and invoked with three arguments; (value, index, array).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to modify.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of removed elements.
     * @example
     *
     * var array = [1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6];
     * var evens = _.remove(array, function(num) { return num % 2 == 0; });
     *
     * console.log(array);
     * // => [1, 3, 5]
     *
     * console.log(evens);
     * // => [2, 4, 6]
     */
    function remove(array, callback, thisArg) {
      var index = -1,
          length = array ? array.length : 0,
          result = [];

      callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      while (++index < length) {
        var value = array[index];
        if (callback(value, index, array)) {
          result.push(value);
          splice.call(array, index--, 1);
          length--;
        }
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * The opposite of `_.initial` this method gets all but the first element or
     * first `n` elements of an array. If a callback function is provided elements
     * at the beginning of the array are excluded from the result as long as the
     * callback returns truey. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked
     * with three arguments; (value, index, array).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias drop, tail
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to query.
     * @param {Function|Object|number|string} [callback=1] The function called
     *  per element or the number of elements to exclude. If a property name or
     *  object is provided it will be used to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where"
     *  style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a slice of `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.rest([1, 2, 3]);
     * // => [2, 3]
     *
     * _.rest([1, 2, 3], 2);
     * // => [3]
     *
     * _.rest([1, 2, 3], function(num) {
     *   return num < 3;
     * });
     * // => [3]
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney',  'blocked': true,  'employer': 'slate' },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',    'blocked': false,  'employer': 'slate' },
     *   { 'name': 'pebbles', 'blocked': true, 'employer': 'na' }
     * ];
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.pluck(_.rest(characters, 'blocked'), 'name');
     * // => ['fred', 'pebbles']
     *
     * // using "_.where" callback shorthand
     * _.rest(characters, { 'employer': 'slate' });
     * // => [{ 'name': 'pebbles', 'blocked': true, 'employer': 'na' }]
     */
    function rest(array, callback, thisArg) {
      if (typeof callback != 'number' && callback != null) {
        var n = 0,
            index = -1,
            length = array ? array.length : 0;

        callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
        while (++index < length && callback(array[index], index, array)) {
          n++;
        }
      } else {
        n = (callback == null || thisArg) ? 1 : nativeMax(0, callback);
      }
      return slice(array, n);
    }

    /**
     * Uses a binary search to determine the smallest index at which a value
     * should be inserted into a given sorted array in order to maintain the sort
     * order of the array. If a callback is provided it will be executed for
     * `value` and each element of `array` to compute their sort ranking. The
     * callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with one argument; (value).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to inspect.
     * @param {*} value The value to evaluate.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {number} Returns the index at which `value` should be inserted
     *  into `array`.
     * @example
     *
     * _.sortedIndex([20, 30, 50], 40);
     * // => 2
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.sortedIndex([{ 'x': 20 }, { 'x': 30 }, { 'x': 50 }], { 'x': 40 }, 'x');
     * // => 2
     *
     * var dict = {
     *   'wordToNumber': { 'twenty': 20, 'thirty': 30, 'fourty': 40, 'fifty': 50 }
     * };
     *
     * _.sortedIndex(['twenty', 'thirty', 'fifty'], 'fourty', function(word) {
     *   return dict.wordToNumber[word];
     * });
     * // => 2
     *
     * _.sortedIndex(['twenty', 'thirty', 'fifty'], 'fourty', function(word) {
     *   return this.wordToNumber[word];
     * }, dict);
     * // => 2
     */
    function sortedIndex(array, value, callback, thisArg) {
      var low = 0,
          high = array ? array.length : low;

      // explicitly reference `identity` for better inlining in Firefox
      callback = callback ? lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 1) : identity;
      value = callback(value);

      while (low < high) {
        var mid = (low + high) >>> 1;
        (callback(array[mid]) < value)
          ? low = mid + 1
          : high = mid;
      }
      return low;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array of unique values, in order, of the provided arrays using
     * strict equality for comparisons, i.e. `===`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {...Array} [array] The arrays to inspect.
     * @returns {Array} Returns an array of combined values.
     * @example
     *
     * _.union([1, 2, 3], [5, 2, 1, 4], [2, 1]);
     * // => [1, 2, 3, 5, 4]
     */
    function union() {
      return baseUniq(baseFlatten(arguments, true, true));
    }

    /**
     * Creates a duplicate-value-free version of an array using strict equality
     * for comparisons, i.e. `===`. If the array is sorted, providing
     * `true` for `isSorted` will use a faster algorithm. If a callback is provided
     * each element of `array` is passed through the callback before uniqueness
     * is computed. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked with three
     * arguments; (value, index, array).
     *
     * If a property name is provided for `callback` the created "_.pluck" style
     * callback will return the property value of the given element.
     *
     * If an object is provided for `callback` the created "_.where" style callback
     * will return `true` for elements that have the properties of the given object,
     * else `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias unique
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to process.
     * @param {boolean} [isSorted=false] A flag to indicate that `array` is sorted.
     * @param {Function|Object|string} [callback=identity] The function called
     *  per iteration. If a property name or object is provided it will be used
     *  to create a "_.pluck" or "_.where" style callback, respectively.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a duplicate-value-free array.
     * @example
     *
     * _.uniq([1, 2, 1, 3, 1]);
     * // => [1, 2, 3]
     *
     * _.uniq([1, 1, 2, 2, 3], true);
     * // => [1, 2, 3]
     *
     * _.uniq(['A', 'b', 'C', 'a', 'B', 'c'], function(letter) { return letter.toLowerCase(); });
     * // => ['A', 'b', 'C']
     *
     * _.uniq([1, 2.5, 3, 1.5, 2, 3.5], function(num) { return this.floor(num); }, Math);
     * // => [1, 2.5, 3]
     *
     * // using "_.pluck" callback shorthand
     * _.uniq([{ 'x': 1 }, { 'x': 2 }, { 'x': 1 }], 'x');
     * // => [{ 'x': 1 }, { 'x': 2 }]
     */
    function uniq(array, isSorted, callback, thisArg) {
      // juggle arguments
      if (typeof isSorted != 'boolean' && isSorted != null) {
        thisArg = callback;
        callback = (typeof isSorted != 'function' && thisArg && thisArg[isSorted] === array) ? null : isSorted;
        isSorted = false;
      }
      if (callback != null) {
        callback = lodash.createCallback(callback, thisArg, 3);
      }
      return baseUniq(array, isSorted, callback);
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array excluding all provided values using strict equality for
     * comparisons, i.e. `===`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} array The array to filter.
     * @param {...*} [value] The values to exclude.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of filtered values.
     * @example
     *
     * _.without([1, 2, 1, 0, 3, 1, 4], 0, 1);
     * // => [2, 3, 4]
     */
    function without(array) {
      return baseDifference(array, slice(arguments, 1));
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array that is the symmetric difference of the provided arrays.
     * See http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Symmetric_difference.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {...Array} [array] The arrays to inspect.
     * @returns {Array} Returns an array of values.
     * @example
     *
     * _.xor([1, 2, 3], [5, 2, 1, 4]);
     * // => [3, 5, 4]
     *
     * _.xor([1, 2, 5], [2, 3, 5], [3, 4, 5]);
     * // => [1, 4, 5]
     */
    function xor() {
      var index = -1,
          length = arguments.length;

      while (++index < length) {
        var array = arguments[index];
        if (isArray(array) || isArguments(array)) {
          var result = result
            ? baseUniq(baseDifference(result, array).concat(baseDifference(array, result)))
            : array;
        }
      }
      return result || [];
    }

    /**
     * Creates an array of grouped elements, the first of which contains the first
     * elements of the given arrays, the second of which contains the second
     * elements of the given arrays, and so on.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias unzip
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {...Array} [array] Arrays to process.
     * @returns {Array} Returns a new array of grouped elements.
     * @example
     *
     * _.zip(['fred', 'barney'], [30, 40], [true, false]);
     * // => [['fred', 30, true], ['barney', 40, false]]
     */
    function zip() {
      var array = arguments.length > 1 ? arguments : arguments[0],
          index = -1,
          length = array ? max(pluck(array, 'length')) : 0,
          result = Array(length < 0 ? 0 : length);

      while (++index < length) {
        result[index] = pluck(array, index);
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Creates an object composed from arrays of `keys` and `values`. Provide
     * either a single two dimensional array, i.e. `[[key1, value1], [key2, value2]]`
     * or two arrays, one of `keys` and one of corresponding `values`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias object
     * @category Arrays
     * @param {Array} keys The array of keys.
     * @param {Array} [values=[]] The array of values.
     * @returns {Object} Returns an object composed of the given keys and
     *  corresponding values.
     * @example
     *
     * _.zipObject(['fred', 'barney'], [30, 40]);
     * // => { 'fred': 30, 'barney': 40 }
     */
    function zipObject(keys, values) {
      var index = -1,
          length = keys ? keys.length : 0,
          result = {};

      if (!values && length && !isArray(keys[0])) {
        values = [];
      }
      while (++index < length) {
        var key = keys[index];
        if (values) {
          result[key] = values[index];
        } else if (key) {
          result[key[0]] = key[1];
        }
      }
      return result;
    }

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Creates a function that executes `func`, with  the `this` binding and
     * arguments of the created function, only after being called `n` times.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {number} n The number of times the function must be called before
     *  `func` is executed.
     * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new restricted function.
     * @example
     *
     * var saves = ['profile', 'settings'];
     *
     * var done = _.after(saves.length, function() {
     *   console.log('Done saving!');
     * });
     *
     * _.forEach(saves, function(type) {
     *   asyncSave({ 'type': type, 'complete': done });
     * });
     * // => logs 'Done saving!', after all saves have completed
     */
    function after(n, func) {
      if (!isFunction(func)) {
        throw new TypeError;
      }
      return function() {
        if (--n < 1) {
          return func.apply(this, arguments);
        }
      };
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that, when called, invokes `func` with the `this`
     * binding of `thisArg` and prepends any additional `bind` arguments to those
     * provided to the bound function.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {Function} func The function to bind.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `func`.
     * @param {...*} [arg] Arguments to be partially applied.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
     * @example
     *
     * var func = function(greeting) {
     *   return greeting + ' ' + this.name;
     * };
     *
     * func = _.bind(func, { 'name': 'fred' }, 'hi');
     * func();
     * // => 'hi fred'
     */
    function bind(func, thisArg) {
      return arguments.length > 2
        ? createWrapper(func, 17, slice(arguments, 2), null, thisArg)
        : createWrapper(func, 1, null, null, thisArg);
    }

    /**
     * Binds methods of an object to the object itself, overwriting the existing
     * method. Method names may be specified as individual arguments or as arrays
     * of method names. If no method names are provided all the function properties
     * of `object` will be bound.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {Object} object The object to bind and assign the bound methods to.
     * @param {...string} [methodName] The object method names to
     *  bind, specified as individual method names or arrays of method names.
     * @returns {Object} Returns `object`.
     * @example
     *
     * var view = {
     *   'label': 'docs',
     *   'onClick': function() { console.log('clicked ' + this.label); }
     * };
     *
     * _.bindAll(view);
     * jQuery('#docs').on('click', view.onClick);
     * // => logs 'clicked docs', when the button is clicked
     */
    function bindAll(object) {
      var funcs = arguments.length > 1 ? baseFlatten(arguments, true, false, 1) : functions(object),
          index = -1,
          length = funcs.length;

      while (++index < length) {
        var key = funcs[index];
        object[key] = createWrapper(object[key], 1, null, null, object);
      }
      return object;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that, when called, invokes the method at `object[key]`
     * and prepends any additional `bindKey` arguments to those provided to the bound
     * function. This method differs from `_.bind` by allowing bound functions to
     * reference methods that will be redefined or don't yet exist.
     * See http://michaux.ca/articles/lazy-function-definition-pattern.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {Object} object The object the method belongs to.
     * @param {string} key The key of the method.
     * @param {...*} [arg] Arguments to be partially applied.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new bound function.
     * @example
     *
     * var object = {
     *   'name': 'fred',
     *   'greet': function(greeting) {
     *     return greeting + ' ' + this.name;
     *   }
     * };
     *
     * var func = _.bindKey(object, 'greet', 'hi');
     * func();
     * // => 'hi fred'
     *
     * object.greet = function(greeting) {
     *   return greeting + 'ya ' + this.name + '!';
     * };
     *
     * func();
     * // => 'hiya fred!'
     */
    function bindKey(object, key) {
      return arguments.length > 2
        ? createWrapper(key, 19, slice(arguments, 2), null, object)
        : createWrapper(key, 3, null, null, object);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that is the composition of the provided functions,
     * where each function consumes the return value of the function that follows.
     * For example, composing the functions `f()`, `g()`, and `h()` produces `f(g(h()))`.
     * Each function is executed with the `this` binding of the composed function.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {...Function} [func] Functions to compose.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new composed function.
     * @example
     *
     * var realNameMap = {
     *   'pebbles': 'penelope'
     * };
     *
     * var format = function(name) {
     *   name = realNameMap[name.toLowerCase()] || name;
     *   return name.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + name.slice(1).toLowerCase();
     * };
     *
     * var greet = function(formatted) {
     *   return 'Hiya ' + formatted + '!';
     * };
     *
     * var welcome = _.compose(greet, format);
     * welcome('pebbles');
     * // => 'Hiya Penelope!'
     */
    function compose() {
      var funcs = arguments,
          length = funcs.length;

      while (length--) {
        if (!isFunction(funcs[length])) {
          throw new TypeError;
        }
      }
      return function() {
        var args = arguments,
            length = funcs.length;

        while (length--) {
          args = [funcs[length].apply(this, args)];
        }
        return args[0];
      };
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function which accepts one or more arguments of `func` that when
     * invoked either executes `func` returning its result, if all `func` arguments
     * have been provided, or returns a function that accepts one or more of the
     * remaining `func` arguments, and so on. The arity of `func` can be specified
     * if `func.length` is not sufficient.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {Function} func The function to curry.
     * @param {number} [arity=func.length] The arity of `func`.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new curried function.
     * @example
     *
     * var curried = _.curry(function(a, b, c) {
     *   console.log(a + b + c);
     * });
     *
     * curried(1)(2)(3);
     * // => 6
     *
     * curried(1, 2)(3);
     * // => 6
     *
     * curried(1, 2, 3);
     * // => 6
     */
    function curry(func, arity) {
      arity = typeof arity == 'number' ? arity : (+arity || func.length);
      return createWrapper(func, 4, null, null, null, arity);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that will delay the execution of `func` until after
     * `wait` milliseconds have elapsed since the last time it was invoked.
     * Provide an options object to indicate that `func` should be invoked on
     * the leading and/or trailing edge of the `wait` timeout. Subsequent calls
     * to the debounced function will return the result of the last `func` call.
     *
     * Note: If `leading` and `trailing` options are `true` `func` will be called
     * on the trailing edge of the timeout only if the the debounced function is
     * invoked more than once during the `wait` timeout.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {Function} func The function to debounce.
     * @param {number} wait The number of milliseconds to delay.
     * @param {Object} [options] The options object.
     * @param {boolean} [options.leading=false] Specify execution on the leading edge of the timeout.
     * @param {number} [options.maxWait] The maximum time `func` is allowed to be delayed before it's called.
     * @param {boolean} [options.trailing=true] Specify execution on the trailing edge of the timeout.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new debounced function.
     * @example
     *
     * // avoid costly calculations while the window size is in flux
     * var lazyLayout = _.debounce(calculateLayout, 150);
     * jQuery(window).on('resize', lazyLayout);
     *
     * // execute `sendMail` when the click event is fired, debouncing subsequent calls
     * jQuery('#postbox').on('click', _.debounce(sendMail, 300, {
     *   'leading': true,
     *   'trailing': false
     * });
     *
     * // ensure `batchLog` is executed once after 1 second of debounced calls
     * var source = new EventSource('/stream');
     * source.addEventListener('message', _.debounce(batchLog, 250, {
     *   'maxWait': 1000
     * }, false);
     */
    function debounce(func, wait, options) {
      var args,
          maxTimeoutId,
          result,
          stamp,
          thisArg,
          timeoutId,
          trailingCall,
          lastCalled = 0,
          maxWait = false,
          trailing = true;

      if (!isFunction(func)) {
        throw new TypeError;
      }
      wait = nativeMax(0, wait) || 0;
      if (options === true) {
        var leading = true;
        trailing = false;
      } else if (isObject(options)) {
        leading = options.leading;
        maxWait = 'maxWait' in options && (nativeMax(wait, options.maxWait) || 0);
        trailing = 'trailing' in options ? options.trailing : trailing;
      }
      var delayed = function() {
        var remaining = wait - (now() - stamp);
        if (remaining <= 0) {
          if (maxTimeoutId) {
            clearTimeout(maxTimeoutId);
          }
          var isCalled = trailingCall;
          maxTimeoutId = timeoutId = trailingCall = undefined;
          if (isCalled) {
            lastCalled = now();
            result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
            if (!timeoutId && !maxTimeoutId) {
              args = thisArg = null;
            }
          }
        } else {
          timeoutId = setTimeout(delayed, remaining);
        }
      };

      var maxDelayed = function() {
        if (timeoutId) {
          clearTimeout(timeoutId);
        }
        maxTimeoutId = timeoutId = trailingCall = undefined;
        if (trailing || (maxWait !== wait)) {
          lastCalled = now();
          result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
          if (!timeoutId && !maxTimeoutId) {
            args = thisArg = null;
          }
        }
      };

      return function() {
        args = arguments;
        stamp = now();
        thisArg = this;
        trailingCall = trailing && (timeoutId || !leading);

        if (maxWait === false) {
          var leadingCall = leading && !timeoutId;
        } else {
          if (!maxTimeoutId && !leading) {
            lastCalled = stamp;
          }
          var remaining = maxWait - (stamp - lastCalled),
              isCalled = remaining <= 0;

          if (isCalled) {
            if (maxTimeoutId) {
              maxTimeoutId = clearTimeout(maxTimeoutId);
            }
            lastCalled = stamp;
            result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
          }
          else if (!maxTimeoutId) {
            maxTimeoutId = setTimeout(maxDelayed, remaining);
          }
        }
        if (isCalled && timeoutId) {
          timeoutId = clearTimeout(timeoutId);
        }
        else if (!timeoutId && wait !== maxWait) {
          timeoutId = setTimeout(delayed, wait);
        }
        if (leadingCall) {
          isCalled = true;
          result = func.apply(thisArg, args);
        }
        if (isCalled && !timeoutId && !maxTimeoutId) {
          args = thisArg = null;
        }
        return result;
      };
    }

    /**
     * Defers executing the `func` function until the current call stack has cleared.
     * Additional arguments will be provided to `func` when it is invoked.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {Function} func The function to defer.
     * @param {...*} [arg] Arguments to invoke the function with.
     * @returns {number} Returns the timer id.
     * @example
     *
     * _.defer(function(text) { console.log(text); }, 'deferred');
     * // logs 'deferred' after one or more milliseconds
     */
    function defer(func) {
      if (!isFunction(func)) {
        throw new TypeError;
      }
      var args = slice(arguments, 1);
      return setTimeout(function() { func.apply(undefined, args); }, 1);
    }

    /**
     * Executes the `func` function after `wait` milliseconds. Additional arguments
     * will be provided to `func` when it is invoked.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {Function} func The function to delay.
     * @param {number} wait The number of milliseconds to delay execution.
     * @param {...*} [arg] Arguments to invoke the function with.
     * @returns {number} Returns the timer id.
     * @example
     *
     * _.delay(function(text) { console.log(text); }, 1000, 'later');
     * // => logs 'later' after one second
     */
    function delay(func, wait) {
      if (!isFunction(func)) {
        throw new TypeError;
      }
      var args = slice(arguments, 2);
      return setTimeout(function() { func.apply(undefined, args); }, wait);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that memoizes the result of `func`. If `resolver` is
     * provided it will be used to determine the cache key for storing the result
     * based on the arguments provided to the memoized function. By default, the
     * first argument provided to the memoized function is used as the cache key.
     * The `func` is executed with the `this` binding of the memoized function.
     * The result cache is exposed as the `cache` property on the memoized function.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {Function} func The function to have its output memoized.
     * @param {Function} [resolver] A function used to resolve the cache key.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new memoizing function.
     * @example
     *
     * var fibonacci = _.memoize(function(n) {
     *   return n < 2 ? n : fibonacci(n - 1) + fibonacci(n - 2);
     * });
     *
     * fibonacci(9)
     * // => 34
     *
     * var data = {
     *   'fred': { 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40 },
     *   'pebbles': { 'name': 'pebbles', 'age': 1 }
     * };
     *
     * // modifying the result cache
     * var get = _.memoize(function(name) { return data[name]; }, _.identity);
     * get('pebbles');
     * // => { 'name': 'pebbles', 'age': 1 }
     *
     * get.cache.pebbles.name = 'penelope';
     * get('pebbles');
     * // => { 'name': 'penelope', 'age': 1 }
     */
    function memoize(func, resolver) {
      if (!isFunction(func)) {
        throw new TypeError;
      }
      var memoized = function() {
        var cache = memoized.cache,
            key = resolver ? resolver.apply(this, arguments) : keyPrefix + arguments[0];

        return hasOwnProperty.call(cache, key)
          ? cache[key]
          : (cache[key] = func.apply(this, arguments));
      }
      memoized.cache = {};
      return memoized;
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that is restricted to execute `func` once. Repeat calls to
     * the function will return the value of the first call. The `func` is executed
     * with the `this` binding of the created function.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {Function} func The function to restrict.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new restricted function.
     * @example
     *
     * var initialize = _.once(createApplication);
     * initialize();
     * initialize();
     * // `initialize` executes `createApplication` once
     */
    function once(func) {
      var ran,
          result;

      if (!isFunction(func)) {
        throw new TypeError;
      }
      return function() {
        if (ran) {
          return result;
        }
        ran = true;
        result = func.apply(this, arguments);

        // clear the `func` variable so the function may be garbage collected
        func = null;
        return result;
      };
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that, when called, invokes `func` with any additional
     * `partial` arguments prepended to those provided to the new function. This
     * method is similar to `_.bind` except it does **not** alter the `this` binding.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {Function} func The function to partially apply arguments to.
     * @param {...*} [arg] Arguments to be partially applied.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new partially applied function.
     * @example
     *
     * var greet = function(greeting, name) { return greeting + ' ' + name; };
     * var hi = _.partial(greet, 'hi');
     * hi('fred');
     * // => 'hi fred'
     */
    function partial(func) {
      return createWrapper(func, 16, slice(arguments, 1));
    }

    /**
     * This method is like `_.partial` except that `partial` arguments are
     * appended to those provided to the new function.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {Function} func The function to partially apply arguments to.
     * @param {...*} [arg] Arguments to be partially applied.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new partially applied function.
     * @example
     *
     * var defaultsDeep = _.partialRight(_.merge, _.defaults);
     *
     * var options = {
     *   'variable': 'data',
     *   'imports': { 'jq': $ }
     * };
     *
     * defaultsDeep(options, _.templateSettings);
     *
     * options.variable
     * // => 'data'
     *
     * options.imports
     * // => { '_': _, 'jq': $ }
     */
    function partialRight(func) {
      return createWrapper(func, 32, null, slice(arguments, 1));
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that, when executed, will only call the `func` function
     * at most once per every `wait` milliseconds. Provide an options object to
     * indicate that `func` should be invoked on the leading and/or trailing edge
     * of the `wait` timeout. Subsequent calls to the throttled function will
     * return the result of the last `func` call.
     *
     * Note: If `leading` and `trailing` options are `true` `func` will be called
     * on the trailing edge of the timeout only if the the throttled function is
     * invoked more than once during the `wait` timeout.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {Function} func The function to throttle.
     * @param {number} wait The number of milliseconds to throttle executions to.
     * @param {Object} [options] The options object.
     * @param {boolean} [options.leading=true] Specify execution on the leading edge of the timeout.
     * @param {boolean} [options.trailing=true] Specify execution on the trailing edge of the timeout.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new throttled function.
     * @example
     *
     * // avoid excessively updating the position while scrolling
     * var throttled = _.throttle(updatePosition, 100);
     * jQuery(window).on('scroll', throttled);
     *
     * // execute `renewToken` when the click event is fired, but not more than once every 5 minutes
     * jQuery('.interactive').on('click', _.throttle(renewToken, 300000, {
     *   'trailing': false
     * }));
     */
    function throttle(func, wait, options) {
      var leading = true,
          trailing = true;

      if (!isFunction(func)) {
        throw new TypeError;
      }
      if (options === false) {
        leading = false;
      } else if (isObject(options)) {
        leading = 'leading' in options ? options.leading : leading;
        trailing = 'trailing' in options ? options.trailing : trailing;
      }
      debounceOptions.leading = leading;
      debounceOptions.maxWait = wait;
      debounceOptions.trailing = trailing;

      return debounce(func, wait, debounceOptions);
    }

    /**
     * Creates a function that provides `value` to the wrapper function as its
     * first argument. Additional arguments provided to the function are appended
     * to those provided to the wrapper function. The wrapper is executed with
     * the `this` binding of the created function.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Functions
     * @param {*} value The value to wrap.
     * @param {Function} wrapper The wrapper function.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     * @example
     *
     * var p = _.wrap(_.escape, function(func, text) {
     *   return '<p>' + func(text) + '</p>';
     * });
     *
     * p('Fred, Wilma, & Pebbles');
     * // => '<p>Fred, Wilma, &amp; Pebbles</p>'
     */
    function wrap(value, wrapper) {
      return createWrapper(wrapper, 16, [value]);
    }

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Creates a function that returns `value`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @param {*} value The value to return from the new function.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     * @example
     *
     * var object = { 'name': 'fred' };
     * var getter = _.constant(object);
     * getter() === object;
     * // => true
     */
    function constant(value) {
      return function() {
        return value;
      };
    }

    /**
     * Produces a callback bound to an optional `thisArg`. If `func` is a property
     * name the created callback will return the property value for a given element.
     * If `func` is an object the created callback will return `true` for elements
     * that contain the equivalent object properties, otherwise it will return `false`.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @param {*} [func=identity] The value to convert to a callback.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of the created callback.
     * @param {number} [argCount] The number of arguments the callback accepts.
     * @returns {Function} Returns a callback function.
     * @example
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
     * ];
     *
     * // wrap to create custom callback shorthands
     * _.createCallback = _.wrap(_.createCallback, function(func, callback, thisArg) {
     *   var match = /^(.+?)__([gl]t)(.+)$/.exec(callback);
     *   return !match ? func(callback, thisArg) : function(object) {
     *     return match[2] == 'gt' ? object[match[1]] > match[3] : object[match[1]] < match[3];
     *   };
     * });
     *
     * _.filter(characters, 'age__gt38');
     * // => [{ 'name': 'fred', 'age': 40 }]
     */
    function createCallback(func, thisArg, argCount) {
      var type = typeof func;
      if (func == null || type == 'function') {
        return baseCreateCallback(func, thisArg, argCount);
      }
      // handle "_.pluck" style callback shorthands
      if (type != 'object') {
        return property(func);
      }
      var props = keys(func),
          key = props[0],
          a = func[key];

      // handle "_.where" style callback shorthands
      if (props.length == 1 && a === a && !isObject(a)) {
        // fast path the common case of providing an object with a single
        // property containing a primitive value
        return function(object) {
          var b = object[key];
          return a === b && (a !== 0 || (1 / a == 1 / b));
        };
      }
      return function(object) {
        var length = props.length,
            result = false;

        while (length--) {
          if (!(result = baseIsEqual(object[props[length]], func[props[length]], null, true))) {
            break;
          }
        }
        return result;
      };
    }

    /**
     * Converts the characters `&`, `<`, `>`, `"`, and `'` in `string` to their
     * corresponding HTML entities.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @param {string} string The string to escape.
     * @returns {string} Returns the escaped string.
     * @example
     *
     * _.escape('Fred, Wilma, & Pebbles');
     * // => 'Fred, Wilma, &amp; Pebbles'
     */
    function escape(string) {
      return string == null ? '' : String(string).replace(reUnescapedHtml, escapeHtmlChar);
    }

    /**
     * This method returns the first argument provided to it.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @param {*} value Any value.
     * @returns {*} Returns `value`.
     * @example
     *
     * var object = { 'name': 'fred' };
     * _.identity(object) === object;
     * // => true
     */
    function identity(value) {
      return value;
    }

    /**
     * Adds function properties of a source object to the destination object.
     * If `object` is a function methods will be added to its prototype as well.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @param {Function|Object} [object=lodash] object The destination object.
     * @param {Object} source The object of functions to add.
     * @param {Object} [options] The options object.
     * @param {boolean} [options.chain=true] Specify whether the functions added are chainable.
     * @example
     *
     * function capitalize(string) {
     *   return string.charAt(0).toUpperCase() + string.slice(1).toLowerCase();
     * }
     *
     * _.mixin({ 'capitalize': capitalize });
     * _.capitalize('fred');
     * // => 'Fred'
     *
     * _('fred').capitalize().value();
     * // => 'Fred'
     *
     * _.mixin({ 'capitalize': capitalize }, { 'chain': false });
     * _('fred').capitalize();
     * // => 'Fred'
     */
    function mixin(object, source, options) {
      var chain = true,
          methodNames = source && functions(source);

      if (!source || (!options && !methodNames.length)) {
        if (options == null) {
          options = source;
        }
        ctor = lodashWrapper;
        source = object;
        object = lodash;
        methodNames = functions(source);
      }
      if (options === false) {
        chain = false;
      } else if (isObject(options) && 'chain' in options) {
        chain = options.chain;
      }
      var ctor = object,
          isFunc = isFunction(ctor);

      forEach(methodNames, function(methodName) {
        var func = object[methodName] = source[methodName];
        if (isFunc) {
          ctor.prototype[methodName] = function() {
            var chainAll = this.__chain__,
                value = this.__wrapped__,
                args = [value];

            push.apply(args, arguments);
            var result = func.apply(object, args);
            if (chain || chainAll) {
              if (value === result && isObject(result)) {
                return this;
              }
              result = new ctor(result);
              result.__chain__ = chainAll;
            }
            return result;
          };
        }
      });
    }

    /**
     * Reverts the '_' variable to its previous value and returns a reference to
     * the `lodash` function.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @returns {Function} Returns the `lodash` function.
     * @example
     *
     * var lodash = _.noConflict();
     */
    function noConflict() {
      context._ = oldDash;
      return this;
    }

    /**
     * A no-operation function.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @example
     *
     * var object = { 'name': 'fred' };
     * _.noop(object) === undefined;
     * // => true
     */
    function noop() {
      // no operation performed
    }

    /**
     * Gets the number of milliseconds that have elapsed since the Unix epoch
     * (1 January 1970 00:00:00 UTC).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @example
     *
     * var stamp = _.now();
     * _.defer(function() { console.log(_.now() - stamp); });
     * // => logs the number of milliseconds it took for the deferred function to be called
     */
    var now = isNative(now = Date.now) && now || function() {
      return new Date().getTime();
    };

    /**
     * Converts the given value into an integer of the specified radix.
     * If `radix` is `undefined` or `0` a `radix` of `10` is used unless the
     * `value` is a hexadecimal, in which case a `radix` of `16` is used.
     *
     * Note: This method avoids differences in native ES3 and ES5 `parseInt`
     * implementations. See http://es5.github.io/#E.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @param {string} value The value to parse.
     * @param {number} [radix] The radix used to interpret the value to parse.
     * @returns {number} Returns the new integer value.
     * @example
     *
     * _.parseInt('08');
     * // => 8
     */
    var parseInt = nativeParseInt(whitespace + '08') == 8 ? nativeParseInt : function(value, radix) {
      // Firefox < 21 and Opera < 15 follow the ES3 specified implementation of `parseInt`
      return nativeParseInt(isString(value) ? value.replace(reLeadingSpacesAndZeros, '') : value, radix || 0);
    };

    /**
     * Creates a "_.pluck" style function, which returns the `key` value of a
     * given object.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @param {string} key The name of the property to retrieve.
     * @returns {Function} Returns the new function.
     * @example
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'fred',   'age': 40 },
     *   { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 }
     * ];
     *
     * var getName = _.property('name');
     *
     * _.map(characters, getName);
     * // => ['barney', 'fred']
     *
     * _.sortBy(characters, getName);
     * // => [{ 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 }, { 'name': 'fred',   'age': 40 }]
     */
    function property(key) {
      return function(object) {
        return object[key];
      };
    }

    /**
     * Produces a random number between `min` and `max` (inclusive). If only one
     * argument is provided a number between `0` and the given number will be
     * returned. If `floating` is truey or either `min` or `max` are floats a
     * floating-point number will be returned instead of an integer.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @param {number} [min=0] The minimum possible value.
     * @param {number} [max=1] The maximum possible value.
     * @param {boolean} [floating=false] Specify returning a floating-point number.
     * @returns {number} Returns a random number.
     * @example
     *
     * _.random(0, 5);
     * // => an integer between 0 and 5
     *
     * _.random(5);
     * // => also an integer between 0 and 5
     *
     * _.random(5, true);
     * // => a floating-point number between 0 and 5
     *
     * _.random(1.2, 5.2);
     * // => a floating-point number between 1.2 and 5.2
     */
    function random(min, max, floating) {
      var noMin = min == null,
          noMax = max == null;

      if (floating == null) {
        if (typeof min == 'boolean' && noMax) {
          floating = min;
          min = 1;
        }
        else if (!noMax && typeof max == 'boolean') {
          floating = max;
          noMax = true;
        }
      }
      if (noMin && noMax) {
        max = 1;
      }
      min = +min || 0;
      if (noMax) {
        max = min;
        min = 0;
      } else {
        max = +max || 0;
      }
      if (floating || min % 1 || max % 1) {
        var rand = nativeRandom();
        return nativeMin(min + (rand * (max - min + parseFloat('1e-' + ((rand +'').length - 1)))), max);
      }
      return baseRandom(min, max);
    }

    /**
     * Resolves the value of property `key` on `object`. If `key` is a function
     * it will be invoked with the `this` binding of `object` and its result returned,
     * else the property value is returned. If `object` is falsey then `undefined`
     * is returned.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @param {Object} object The object to inspect.
     * @param {string} key The name of the property to resolve.
     * @returns {*} Returns the resolved value.
     * @example
     *
     * var object = {
     *   'cheese': 'crumpets',
     *   'stuff': function() {
     *     return 'nonsense';
     *   }
     * };
     *
     * _.result(object, 'cheese');
     * // => 'crumpets'
     *
     * _.result(object, 'stuff');
     * // => 'nonsense'
     */
    function result(object, key) {
      if (object) {
        var value = object[key];
        return isFunction(value) ? object[key]() : value;
      }
    }

    /**
     * A micro-templating method that handles arbitrary delimiters, preserves
     * whitespace, and correctly escapes quotes within interpolated code.
     *
     * Note: In the development build, `_.template` utilizes sourceURLs for easier
     * debugging. See http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/developertools/sourcemaps/#toc-sourceurl
     *
     * For more information on precompiling templates see:
     * http://lodash.com/custom-builds
     *
     * For more information on Chrome extension sandboxes see:
     * http://developer.chrome.com/stable/extensions/sandboxingEval.html
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @param {string} text The template text.
     * @param {Object} data The data object used to populate the text.
     * @param {Object} [options] The options object.
     * @param {RegExp} [options.escape] The "escape" delimiter.
     * @param {RegExp} [options.evaluate] The "evaluate" delimiter.
     * @param {Object} [options.imports] An object to import into the template as local variables.
     * @param {RegExp} [options.interpolate] The "interpolate" delimiter.
     * @param {string} [sourceURL] The sourceURL of the template's compiled source.
     * @param {string} [variable] The data object variable name.
     * @returns {Function|string} Returns a compiled function when no `data` object
     *  is given, else it returns the interpolated text.
     * @example
     *
     * // using the "interpolate" delimiter to create a compiled template
     * var compiled = _.template('hello <%= name %>');
     * compiled({ 'name': 'fred' });
     * // => 'hello fred'
     *
     * // using the "escape" delimiter to escape HTML in data property values
     * _.template('<b><%- value %></b>', { 'value': '<script>' });
     * // => '<b>&lt;script&gt;</b>'
     *
     * // using the "evaluate" delimiter to generate HTML
     * var list = '<% _.forEach(people, function(name) { %><li><%- name %></li><% }); %>';
     * _.template(list, { 'people': ['fred', 'barney'] });
     * // => '<li>fred</li><li>barney</li>'
     *
     * // using the ES6 delimiter as an alternative to the default "interpolate" delimiter
     * _.template('hello ${ name }', { 'name': 'pebbles' });
     * // => 'hello pebbles'
     *
     * // using the internal `print` function in "evaluate" delimiters
     * _.template('<% print("hello " + name); %>!', { 'name': 'barney' });
     * // => 'hello barney!'
     *
     * // using a custom template delimiters
     * _.templateSettings = {
     *   'interpolate': /{{([\s\S]+?)}}/g
     * };
     *
     * _.template('hello {{ name }}!', { 'name': 'mustache' });
     * // => 'hello mustache!'
     *
     * // using the `imports` option to import jQuery
     * var list = '<% jq.each(people, function(name) { %><li><%- name %></li><% }); %>';
     * _.template(list, { 'people': ['fred', 'barney'] }, { 'imports': { 'jq': jQuery } });
     * // => '<li>fred</li><li>barney</li>'
     *
     * // using the `sourceURL` option to specify a custom sourceURL for the template
     * var compiled = _.template('hello <%= name %>', null, { 'sourceURL': '/basic/greeting.jst' });
     * compiled(data);
     * // => find the source of "greeting.jst" under the Sources tab or Resources panel of the web inspector
     *
     * // using the `variable` option to ensure a with-statement isn't used in the compiled template
     * var compiled = _.template('hi <%= data.name %>!', null, { 'variable': 'data' });
     * compiled.source;
     * // => function(data) {
     *   var __t, __p = '', __e = _.escape;
     *   __p += 'hi ' + ((__t = ( data.name )) == null ? '' : __t) + '!';
     *   return __p;
     * }
     *
     * // using the `source` property to inline compiled templates for meaningful
     * // line numbers in error messages and a stack trace
     * fs.writeFileSync(path.join(cwd, 'jst.js'), '\
     *   var JST = {\
     *     "main": ' + _.template(mainText).source + '\
     *   };\
     * ');
     */
    function template(text, data, options) {
      // based on John Resig's `tmpl` implementation
      // http://ejohn.org/blog/javascript-micro-templating/
      // and Laura Doktorova's doT.js
      // https://github.com/olado/doT
      var settings = lodash.templateSettings;
      text = String(text || '');

      // avoid missing dependencies when `iteratorTemplate` is not defined
      options = defaults({}, options, settings);

      var imports = defaults({}, options.imports, settings.imports),
          importsKeys = keys(imports),
          importsValues = values(imports);

      var isEvaluating,
          index = 0,
          interpolate = options.interpolate || reNoMatch,
          source = "__p += '";

      // compile the regexp to match each delimiter
      var reDelimiters = RegExp(
        (options.escape || reNoMatch).source + '|' +
        interpolate.source + '|' +
        (interpolate === reInterpolate ? reEsTemplate : reNoMatch).source + '|' +
        (options.evaluate || reNoMatch).source + '|$'
      , 'g');

      text.replace(reDelimiters, function(match, escapeValue, interpolateValue, esTemplateValue, evaluateValue, offset) {
        interpolateValue || (interpolateValue = esTemplateValue);

        // escape characters that cannot be included in string literals
        source += text.slice(index, offset).replace(reUnescapedString, escapeStringChar);

        // replace delimiters with snippets
        if (escapeValue) {
          source += "' +\n__e(" + escapeValue + ") +\n'";
        }
        if (evaluateValue) {
          isEvaluating = true;
          source += "';\n" + evaluateValue + ";\n__p += '";
        }
        if (interpolateValue) {
          source += "' +\n((__t = (" + interpolateValue + ")) == null ? '' : __t) +\n'";
        }
        index = offset + match.length;

        // the JS engine embedded in Adobe products requires returning the `match`
        // string in order to produce the correct `offset` value
        return match;
      });

      source += "';\n";

      // if `variable` is not specified, wrap a with-statement around the generated
      // code to add the data object to the top of the scope chain
      var variable = options.variable,
          hasVariable = variable;

      if (!hasVariable) {
        variable = 'obj';
        source = 'with (' + variable + ') {\n' + source + '\n}\n';
      }
      // cleanup code by stripping empty strings
      source = (isEvaluating ? source.replace(reEmptyStringLeading, '') : source)
        .replace(reEmptyStringMiddle, '$1')
        .replace(reEmptyStringTrailing, '$1;');

      // frame code as the function body
      source = 'function(' + variable + ') {\n' +
        (hasVariable ? '' : variable + ' || (' + variable + ' = {});\n') +
        "var __t, __p = '', __e = _.escape" +
        (isEvaluating
          ? ', __j = Array.prototype.join;\n' +
            "function print() { __p += __j.call(arguments, '') }\n"
          : ';\n'
        ) +
        source +
        'return __p\n}';

      // Use a sourceURL for easier debugging.
      // http://www.html5rocks.com/en/tutorials/developertools/sourcemaps/#toc-sourceurl
      var sourceURL = '\n/*\n//# sourceURL=' + (options.sourceURL || '/lodash/template/source[' + (templateCounter++) + ']') + '\n*/';

      try {
        var result = Function(importsKeys, 'return ' + source + sourceURL).apply(undefined, importsValues);
      } catch(e) {
        e.source = source;
        throw e;
      }
      if (data) {
        return result(data);
      }
      // provide the compiled function's source by its `toString` method, in
      // supported environments, or the `source` property as a convenience for
      // inlining compiled templates during the build process
      result.source = source;
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * Executes the callback `n` times, returning an array of the results
     * of each callback execution. The callback is bound to `thisArg` and invoked
     * with one argument; (index).
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @param {number} n The number of times to execute the callback.
     * @param {Function} callback The function called per iteration.
     * @param {*} [thisArg] The `this` binding of `callback`.
     * @returns {Array} Returns an array of the results of each `callback` execution.
     * @example
     *
     * var diceRolls = _.times(3, _.partial(_.random, 1, 6));
     * // => [3, 6, 4]
     *
     * _.times(3, function(n) { mage.castSpell(n); });
     * // => calls `mage.castSpell(n)` three times, passing `n` of `0`, `1`, and `2` respectively
     *
     * _.times(3, function(n) { this.cast(n); }, mage);
     * // => also calls `mage.castSpell(n)` three times
     */
    function times(n, callback, thisArg) {
      n = (n = +n) > -1 ? n : 0;
      var index = -1,
          result = Array(n);

      callback = baseCreateCallback(callback, thisArg, 1);
      while (++index < n) {
        result[index] = callback(index);
      }
      return result;
    }

    /**
     * The inverse of `_.escape` this method converts the HTML entities
     * `&amp;`, `&lt;`, `&gt;`, `&quot;`, and `&#39;` in `string` to their
     * corresponding characters.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @param {string} string The string to unescape.
     * @returns {string} Returns the unescaped string.
     * @example
     *
     * _.unescape('Fred, Barney &amp; Pebbles');
     * // => 'Fred, Barney & Pebbles'
     */
    function unescape(string) {
      return string == null ? '' : String(string).replace(reEscapedHtml, unescapeHtmlChar);
    }

    /**
     * Generates a unique ID. If `prefix` is provided the ID will be appended to it.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Utilities
     * @param {string} [prefix] The value to prefix the ID with.
     * @returns {string} Returns the unique ID.
     * @example
     *
     * _.uniqueId('contact_');
     * // => 'contact_104'
     *
     * _.uniqueId();
     * // => '105'
     */
    function uniqueId(prefix) {
      var id = ++idCounter;
      return String(prefix == null ? '' : prefix) + id;
    }

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * Creates a `lodash` object that wraps the given value with explicit
     * method chaining enabled.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Chaining
     * @param {*} value The value to wrap.
     * @returns {Object} Returns the wrapper object.
     * @example
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney',  'age': 36 },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',    'age': 40 },
     *   { 'name': 'pebbles', 'age': 1 }
     * ];
     *
     * var youngest = _.chain(characters)
     *     .sortBy('age')
     *     .map(function(chr) { return chr.name + ' is ' + chr.age; })
     *     .first()
     *     .value();
     * // => 'pebbles is 1'
     */
    function chain(value) {
      value = new lodashWrapper(value);
      value.__chain__ = true;
      return value;
    }

    /**
     * Invokes `interceptor` with the `value` as the first argument and then
     * returns `value`. The purpose of this method is to "tap into" a method
     * chain in order to perform operations on intermediate results within
     * the chain.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Chaining
     * @param {*} value The value to provide to `interceptor`.
     * @param {Function} interceptor The function to invoke.
     * @returns {*} Returns `value`.
     * @example
     *
     * _([1, 2, 3, 4])
     *  .tap(function(array) { array.pop(); })
     *  .reverse()
     *  .value();
     * // => [3, 2, 1]
     */
    function tap(value, interceptor) {
      interceptor(value);
      return value;
    }

    /**
     * Enables explicit method chaining on the wrapper object.
     *
     * @name chain
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Chaining
     * @returns {*} Returns the wrapper object.
     * @example
     *
     * var characters = [
     *   { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 },
     *   { 'name': 'fred',   'age': 40 }
     * ];
     *
     * // without explicit chaining
     * _(characters).first();
     * // => { 'name': 'barney', 'age': 36 }
     *
     * // with explicit chaining
     * _(characters).chain()
     *   .first()
     *   .pick('age')
     *   .value();
     * // => { 'age': 36 }
     */
    function wrapperChain() {
      this.__chain__ = true;
      return this;
    }

    /**
     * Produces the `toString` result of the wrapped value.
     *
     * @name toString
     * @memberOf _
     * @category Chaining
     * @returns {string} Returns the string result.
     * @example
     *
     * _([1, 2, 3]).toString();
     * // => '1,2,3'
     */
    function wrapperToString() {
      return String(this.__wrapped__);
    }

    /**
     * Extracts the wrapped value.
     *
     * @name valueOf
     * @memberOf _
     * @alias value
     * @category Chaining
     * @returns {*} Returns the wrapped value.
     * @example
     *
     * _([1, 2, 3]).valueOf();
     * // => [1, 2, 3]
     */
    function wrapperValueOf() {
      return this.__wrapped__;
    }

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    // add functions that return wrapped values when chaining
    lodash.after = after;
    lodash.assign = assign;
    lodash.at = at;
    lodash.bind = bind;
    lodash.bindAll = bindAll;
    lodash.bindKey = bindKey;
    lodash.chain = chain;
    lodash.compact = compact;
    lodash.compose = compose;
    lodash.constant = constant;
    lodash.countBy = countBy;
    lodash.create = create;
    lodash.createCallback = createCallback;
    lodash.curry = curry;
    lodash.debounce = debounce;
    lodash.defaults = defaults;
    lodash.defer = defer;
    lodash.delay = delay;
    lodash.difference = difference;
    lodash.filter = filter;
    lodash.flatten = flatten;
    lodash.forEach = forEach;
    lodash.forEachRight = forEachRight;
    lodash.forIn = forIn;
    lodash.forInRight = forInRight;
    lodash.forOwn = forOwn;
    lodash.forOwnRight = forOwnRight;
    lodash.functions = functions;
    lodash.groupBy = groupBy;
    lodash.indexBy = indexBy;
    lodash.initial = initial;
    lodash.intersection = intersection;
    lodash.invert = invert;
    lodash.invoke = invoke;
    lodash.keys = keys;
    lodash.map = map;
    lodash.mapValues = mapValues;
    lodash.max = max;
    lodash.memoize = memoize;
    lodash.merge = merge;
    lodash.min = min;
    lodash.omit = omit;
    lodash.once = once;
    lodash.pairs = pairs;
    lodash.partial = partial;
    lodash.partialRight = partialRight;
    lodash.pick = pick;
    lodash.pluck = pluck;
    lodash.property = property;
    lodash.pull = pull;
    lodash.range = range;
    lodash.reject = reject;
    lodash.remove = remove;
    lodash.rest = rest;
    lodash.shuffle = shuffle;
    lodash.sortBy = sortBy;
    lodash.tap = tap;
    lodash.throttle = throttle;
    lodash.times = times;
    lodash.toArray = toArray;
    lodash.transform = transform;
    lodash.union = union;
    lodash.uniq = uniq;
    lodash.values = values;
    lodash.where = where;
    lodash.without = without;
    lodash.wrap = wrap;
    lodash.xor = xor;
    lodash.zip = zip;
    lodash.zipObject = zipObject;

    // add aliases
    lodash.collect = map;
    lodash.drop = rest;
    lodash.each = forEach;
    lodash.eachRight = forEachRight;
    lodash.extend = assign;
    lodash.methods = functions;
    lodash.object = zipObject;
    lodash.select = filter;
    lodash.tail = rest;
    lodash.unique = uniq;
    lodash.unzip = zip;

    // add functions to `lodash.prototype`
    mixin(lodash);

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    // add functions that return unwrapped values when chaining
    lodash.clone = clone;
    lodash.cloneDeep = cloneDeep;
    lodash.contains = contains;
    lodash.escape = escape;
    lodash.every = every;
    lodash.find = find;
    lodash.findIndex = findIndex;
    lodash.findKey = findKey;
    lodash.findLast = findLast;
    lodash.findLastIndex = findLastIndex;
    lodash.findLastKey = findLastKey;
    lodash.has = has;
    lodash.identity = identity;
    lodash.indexOf = indexOf;
    lodash.isArguments = isArguments;
    lodash.isArray = isArray;
    lodash.isBoolean = isBoolean;
    lodash.isDate = isDate;
    lodash.isElement = isElement;
    lodash.isEmpty = isEmpty;
    lodash.isEqual = isEqual;
    lodash.isFinite = isFinite;
    lodash.isFunction = isFunction;
    lodash.isNaN = isNaN;
    lodash.isNull = isNull;
    lodash.isNumber = isNumber;
    lodash.isObject = isObject;
    lodash.isPlainObject = isPlainObject;
    lodash.isRegExp = isRegExp;
    lodash.isString = isString;
    lodash.isUndefined = isUndefined;
    lodash.lastIndexOf = lastIndexOf;
    lodash.mixin = mixin;
    lodash.noConflict = noConflict;
    lodash.noop = noop;
    lodash.now = now;
    lodash.parseInt = parseInt;
    lodash.random = random;
    lodash.reduce = reduce;
    lodash.reduceRight = reduceRight;
    lodash.result = result;
    lodash.runInContext = runInContext;
    lodash.size = size;
    lodash.some = some;
    lodash.sortedIndex = sortedIndex;
    lodash.template = template;
    lodash.unescape = unescape;
    lodash.uniqueId = uniqueId;

    // add aliases
    lodash.all = every;
    lodash.any = some;
    lodash.detect = find;
    lodash.findWhere = find;
    lodash.foldl = reduce;
    lodash.foldr = reduceRight;
    lodash.include = contains;
    lodash.inject = reduce;

    mixin(function() {
      var source = {}
      forOwn(lodash, function(func, methodName) {
        if (!lodash.prototype[methodName]) {
          source[methodName] = func;
        }
      });
      return source;
    }(), false);

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    // add functions capable of returning wrapped and unwrapped values when chaining
    lodash.first = first;
    lodash.last = last;
    lodash.sample = sample;

    // add aliases
    lodash.take = first;
    lodash.head = first;

    forOwn(lodash, function(func, methodName) {
      var callbackable = methodName !== 'sample';
      if (!lodash.prototype[methodName]) {
        lodash.prototype[methodName]= function(n, guard) {
          var chainAll = this.__chain__,
              result = func(this.__wrapped__, n, guard);

          return !chainAll && (n == null || (guard && !(callbackable && typeof n == 'function')))
            ? result
            : new lodashWrapper(result, chainAll);
        };
      }
    });

    /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

    /**
     * The semantic version number.
     *
     * @static
     * @memberOf _
     * @type string
     */
    lodash.VERSION = '2.4.1';

    // add "Chaining" functions to the wrapper
    lodash.prototype.chain = wrapperChain;
    lodash.prototype.toString = wrapperToString;
    lodash.prototype.value = wrapperValueOf;
    lodash.prototype.valueOf = wrapperValueOf;

    // add `Array` functions that return unwrapped values
    forEach(['join', 'pop', 'shift'], function(methodName) {
      var func = arrayRef[methodName];
      lodash.prototype[methodName] = function() {
        var chainAll = this.__chain__,
            result = func.apply(this.__wrapped__, arguments);

        return chainAll
          ? new lodashWrapper(result, chainAll)
          : result;
      };
    });

    // add `Array` functions that return the existing wrapped value
    forEach(['push', 'reverse', 'sort', 'unshift'], function(methodName) {
      var func = arrayRef[methodName];
      lodash.prototype[methodName] = function() {
        func.apply(this.__wrapped__, arguments);
        return this;
      };
    });

    // add `Array` functions that return new wrapped values
    forEach(['concat', 'slice', 'splice'], function(methodName) {
      var func = arrayRef[methodName];
      lodash.prototype[methodName] = function() {
        return new lodashWrapper(func.apply(this.__wrapped__, arguments), this.__chain__);
      };
    });

    return lodash;
  }

  /*--------------------------------------------------------------------------*/

  // expose Lo-Dash
  var _ = runInContext();

  // some AMD build optimizers like r.js check for condition patterns like the following:
  if (typeof define == 'function' && typeof define.amd == 'object' && define.amd) {
    // Expose Lo-Dash to the global object even when an AMD loader is present in
    // case Lo-Dash is loaded with a RequireJS shim config.
    // See http://requirejs.org/docs/api.html#config-shim
    root._ = _;

    // define as an anonymous module so, through path mapping, it can be
    // referenced as the "underscore" module
    define(function() {
      return _;
    });
  }
  // check for `exports` after `define` in case a build optimizer adds an `exports` object
  else if (freeExports && freeModule) {
    // in Node.js or RingoJS
    if (moduleExports) {
      (freeModule.exports = _)._ = _;
    }
    // in Narwhal or Rhino -require
    else {
      freeExports._ = _;
    }
  }
  else {
    // in a browser or Rhino
    root._ = _;
  }
}.call(this));
/**
 * Restful Resources service for AngularJS apps
 * @version v1.4.0 - 2014-04-25 * @link https://github.com/mgonto/restangular
 * @author Martin Gontovnikas <martin@gon.to>
 * @license MIT License, http://www.opensource.org/licenses/MIT
 */
(function() {

var module = angular.module('restangular', []);

module.provider('Restangular', function() {
        // Configuration
        var Configurer = {};
        Configurer.init = function(object, config) {
            /**
             * Those are HTTP safe methods for which there is no need to pass any data with the request.
             */

            object.configuration = config;

            var safeMethods= ["get", "head", "options", "trace", "getlist"];
            config.isSafe = function(operation) {
              return _.contains(safeMethods, operation.toLowerCase());
            };

            var absolutePattern = /^https?:\/\//i;
            config.isAbsoluteUrl = function(string) {
              return _.isUndefined(config.absoluteUrl) || _.isNull(config.absoluteUrl) ?
                      string && absolutePattern.test(string) :
                      config.absoluteUrl;
            };

            config.absoluteUrl = _.isUndefined(config.absoluteUrl) ? true : config.absoluteUrl;
            object.setSelfLinkAbsoluteUrl = function(value) {
                config.absoluteUrl = value;
            };
            /**
             * This is the BaseURL to be used with Restangular
             */
            config.baseUrl = _.isUndefined(config.baseUrl) ? "" : config.baseUrl;
            object.setBaseUrl = function(newBaseUrl) {
                config.baseUrl = /\/$/.test(newBaseUrl)
                  ? newBaseUrl.substring(0, newBaseUrl.length-1)
                  : newBaseUrl;
                return this;
            };

            /**
             * Sets the extra fields to keep from the parents
             */
            config.extraFields = config.extraFields || [];
            object.setExtraFields = function(newExtraFields) {
              config.extraFields = newExtraFields;
              return this;
            };

            /**
             * Some default $http parameter to be used in EVERY call
            **/
            config.defaultHttpFields = config.defaultHttpFields || {};
            object.setDefaultHttpFields = function(values) {
              config.defaultHttpFields = values;
              return this;
            };

            config.withHttpValues = function(httpLocalConfig, obj) {
              return _.defaults(obj, httpLocalConfig, config.defaultHttpFields);
            };

            config.encodeIds = _.isUndefined(config.encodeIds) ? true : config.encodeIds;
            object.setEncodeIds = function(encode) {
                config.encodeIds = encode;
            };

            config.defaultRequestParams = config.defaultRequestParams || {
                get: {},
                post: {},
                put: {},
                remove: {},
                common: {}
            };

            object.setDefaultRequestParams = function(param1, param2) {
              var methods = [],
                  params = param2 || param1;
              if (!_.isUndefined(param2)) {
                if (_.isArray(param1)) {
                  methods = param1;
                } else {
                  methods.push(param1);
                }
              } else {
                methods.push('common');
              }

              _.each(methods, function (method) {
                config.defaultRequestParams[method] = params;
              });
              return this;
            };

            object.requestParams = config.defaultRequestParams;


            config.defaultHeaders = config.defaultHeaders || {};
            object.setDefaultHeaders = function(headers) {
              config.defaultHeaders = headers;
              object.defaultHeaders = config.defaultHeaders;
              return this;
            };

            object.defaultHeaders = config.defaultHeaders;

            /**
             * Method overriders will set which methods are sent via POST with an X-HTTP-Method-Override
             **/
            config.methodOverriders = config.methodOverriders || [];
            object.setMethodOverriders = function(values) {
              var overriders = _.extend([], values);
              if (config.isOverridenMethod('delete', overriders)) {
                overriders.push("remove");
              }
              config.methodOverriders = overriders;
              return this;
            };

            config.jsonp = _.isUndefined(config.jsonp) ? false : config.jsonp;
            object.setJsonp = function(active) {
              config.jsonp = active;
            };

            config.isOverridenMethod = function(method, values) {
              var search = values || config.methodOverriders;
              return !_.isUndefined(_.find(search, function(one) {
                return one.toLowerCase() === method.toLowerCase();
              }));
            };

            /**
             * Sets the URL creator type. For now, only Path is created. In the future we'll have queryParams
            **/
            config.urlCreator = config.urlCreator || "path";
            object.setUrlCreator = function(name) {
              if (!_.has(config.urlCreatorFactory, name)) {
                  throw new Error("URL Path selected isn't valid");
              }

              config.urlCreator = name;
              return this;
            };

            /**
             * You can set the restangular fields here. The 3 required fields for Restangular are:
             *
             * id: Id of the element
             * route: name of the route of this element
             * parentResource: the reference to the parent resource
             *
             *  All of this fields except for id, are handled (and created) by Restangular. By default,
             *  the field values will be id, route and parentResource respectively
             */
            config.restangularFields = config.restangularFields || {
                id: "id",
                route: "route",
                parentResource: "parentResource",
                restangularCollection: "restangularCollection",
                cannonicalId: "__cannonicalId",
                etag: "restangularEtag",
                selfLink: "href",
                get: "get",
                getList: "getList",
                put: "put",
                post: "post",
                remove: "remove",
                head: "head",
                trace: "trace",
                options: "options",
                patch: "patch",
                getRestangularUrl: "getRestangularUrl",
                getRequestedUrl: "getRequestedUrl",
                putElement: "putElement",
                addRestangularMethod: "addRestangularMethod",
                getParentList: "getParentList",
                clone: "clone",
                ids: "ids",
                httpConfig: '_$httpConfig',
                reqParams: 'reqParams',
                one: 'one',
                all: 'all',
                several: 'several',
                oneUrl: 'oneUrl',
                allUrl: 'allUrl',
                customPUT: 'customPUT',
                customPOST: 'customPOST',
                customDELETE: 'customDELETE',
                customGET: 'customGET',
                customGETLIST: 'customGETLIST',
                customOperation: 'customOperation',
                doPUT: 'doPUT',
                doPOST: 'doPOST',
                doDELETE: 'doDELETE',
                doGET: 'doGET',
                doGETLIST: 'doGETLIST',
                fromServer: 'fromServer',
                withConfig: 'withConfig',
                withHttpConfig: 'withHttpConfig',
                singleOne: 'singleOne',
                plain: 'plain',
                save: 'save'
            };
            object.setRestangularFields = function(resFields) {
                config.restangularFields =
                  _.extend(config.restangularFields, resFields);
                return this;
            };

            config.isRestangularized = function(obj) {
              return !!obj[config.restangularFields.one] || !!obj[config.restangularFields.all];
            };

            config.setFieldToElem = function(field, elem, value) {
              var properties = field.split('.');
              var idValue = elem;
              _.each(_.initial(properties), function(prop) {
                idValue[prop] = {};
                idValue = idValue[prop];
              });
              idValue[_.last(properties)] = value;
              return this;
            };

            config.getFieldFromElem = function(field, elem) {
              var properties = field.split('.');
              var idValue = elem;
              _.each(properties, function(prop) {
                if (idValue) {
                  idValue = idValue[prop];
                }
              });
              return angular.copy(idValue);
            };

            config.setIdToElem = function(elem, id) {
              config.setFieldToElem(config.restangularFields.id, elem, id);
              return this;
            };

            config.getIdFromElem = function(elem) {
              return config.getFieldFromElem(config.restangularFields.id, elem);
            };

            config.isValidId = function(elemId) {
                return "" !== elemId && !_.isUndefined(elemId) && !_.isNull(elemId);
            };

            config.setUrlToElem = function(elem, url, route) {
              config.setFieldToElem(config.restangularFields.selfLink, elem, url);
              return this;
            };

            config.getUrlFromElem = function(elem) {
              return config.getFieldFromElem(config.restangularFields.selfLink, elem);
            };

            config.useCannonicalId = _.isUndefined(config.useCannonicalId) ? false : config.useCannonicalId;
            object.setUseCannonicalId = function(value) {
                config.useCannonicalId = value;
                return this;
            };

            config.getCannonicalIdFromElem = function(elem) {
              var cannonicalId = elem[config.restangularFields.cannonicalId];
              var actualId = config.isValidId(cannonicalId) ?
                  cannonicalId : config.getIdFromElem(elem);
              return actualId;
            };

            /**
             * Sets the Response parser. This is used in case your response isn't directly the data.
             * For example if you have a response like {meta: {'meta'}, data: {name: 'Gonto'}}
             * you can extract this data which is the one that needs wrapping
             *
             * The ResponseExtractor is a function that receives the response and the method executed.
             */

            config.responseInterceptors = config.responseInterceptors || [];

            config.defaultResponseInterceptor = function(data, operation,
                    what, url, response, deferred) {
                return data;
            };

            config.responseExtractor = function(data, operation,
                    what, url, response, deferred) {
                var interceptors = angular.copy(config.responseInterceptors);
                interceptors.push(config.defaultResponseInterceptor);
                var theData = data;
                _.each(interceptors, function(interceptor) {
                  theData = interceptor(theData, operation,
                    what, url, response, deferred);
                });
                return theData;
            };

            object.addResponseInterceptor = function(extractor) {
              config.responseInterceptors.push(extractor);
              return this;
            };

            object.setResponseInterceptor = object.addResponseInterceptor;
            object.setResponseExtractor = object.addResponseInterceptor;

            /**
             * Response interceptor is called just before resolving promises.
             */


            /**
             * Request interceptor is called before sending an object to the server.
             */
             config.requestInterceptors = config.requestInterceptors || [];

             config.defaultInterceptor = function(element, operation,
              path, url, headers, params, httpConfig) {
                return {
                  element: element,
                  headers: headers,
                  params: params,
                  httpConfig: httpConfig
                };
              };

            config.fullRequestInterceptor = function(element, operation,
              path, url, headers, params, httpConfig) {
                var interceptors = angular.copy(config.requestInterceptors);
                var defaultRequest = config.defaultInterceptor(element, operation, path, url, headers, params, httpConfig);
                return _.reduce(interceptors, function(request, interceptor) {
                  return _.extend(request, interceptor(request.element, operation,
                    path, url, request.headers, request.params, request.httpConfig));
                }, defaultRequest);
            };

            object.addRequestInterceptor = function(interceptor) {
              config.requestInterceptors.push(function(elem, operation, path, url, headers, params, httpConfig) {
                return {
                  headers: headers,
                  params: params,
                  element: interceptor(elem, operation, path, url),
                  httpConfig: httpConfig
                };
              });
              return this;
            };

            object.setRequestInterceptor = object.addRequestInterceptor;

            object.addFullRequestInterceptor = function(interceptor) {
              config.requestInterceptors.push(interceptor);
              return this;
            };

            object.setFullRequestInterceptor = object.addFullRequestInterceptor;

            config.errorInterceptor = config.errorInterceptor || function() {};

            object.setErrorInterceptor = function(interceptor) {
              config.errorInterceptor = interceptor;
              return this;
            };

            config.onBeforeElemRestangularized = config.onBeforeElemRestangularized || function(elem) {
              return elem;
            };
            object.setOnBeforeElemRestangularized = function(post) {
              config.onBeforeElemRestangularized = post;
              return this;
            };

            /**
             * This method is called after an element has been "Restangularized".
             *
             * It receives the element, a boolean indicating if it's an element or a collection
             * and the name of the model
             *
             */
            config.onElemRestangularized = config.onElemRestangularized || function(elem) {
              return elem;
            };
            object.setOnElemRestangularized = function(post) {
              config.onElemRestangularized = post;
              return this;
            };

            config.shouldSaveParent = config.shouldSaveParent || function() {
                return true;
            };
            object.setParentless = function(values) {
                if (_.isArray(values)) {
                    config.shouldSaveParent = function(route) {
                        return !_.contains(values, route);
                    };
                } else if (_.isBoolean(values)) {
                    config.shouldSaveParent = function() {
                        return !values;
                    };
                }
                return this;
            };

            /**
             * This lets you set a suffix to every request.
             *
             * For example, if your api requires that for JSon requests you do /users/123.json, you can set that
             * in here.
             *
             *
             * By default, the suffix is null
             */
            config.suffix = _.isUndefined(config.suffix) ? null : config.suffix;
            object.setRequestSuffix = function(newSuffix) {
                config.suffix = newSuffix;
                return this;
            };

            /**
             * Add element transformers for certain routes.
             */
            config.transformers = config.transformers || {};
            object.addElementTransformer = function(type, secondArg, thirdArg) {
                var isCollection = null;
                var transformer = null;
                if (arguments.length === 2) {
                    transformer = secondArg;
                } else {
                    transformer = thirdArg;
                    isCollection = secondArg;
                }

                var typeTransformers = config.transformers[type];
                if (!typeTransformers) {
                    typeTransformers = config.transformers[type] = [];
                }

                typeTransformers.push(function(coll, elem) {
                    if (_.isNull(isCollection) || (coll == isCollection)) {
                        return transformer(elem);
                    }
                    return elem;
                });

                return object;
            };

            object.extendCollection = function(route, fn) {
              return object.addElementTransformer(route, true, fn);
            };

            object.extendModel = function(route, fn) {
              return object.addElementTransformer(route, false, fn);
            };

            config.transformElem = function(elem, isCollection, route, Restangular, force) {
                if (!force && !config.transformLocalElements && !elem[config.restangularFields.fromServer]) {
                  return elem;
                }
                var typeTransformers = config.transformers[route];
                var changedElem = elem;
                if (typeTransformers) {
                    _.each(typeTransformers, function(transformer) {
                       changedElem = transformer(isCollection, changedElem);
                    });
                }
                return config.onElemRestangularized(changedElem,
                  isCollection, route, Restangular);
            };

            config.transformLocalElements = _.isUndefined(config.transformLocalElements) ? false : config.transformLocalElements;
            object.setTransformOnlyServerElements = function(active) {
              config.transformLocalElements = !active;
            }

            config.fullResponse = _.isUndefined(config.fullResponse) ? false : config.fullResponse;
            object.setFullResponse = function(full) {
                config.fullResponse = full;
                return this;
            };


            //Internal values and functions
            config.urlCreatorFactory = {};

            /**
             * Base URL Creator. Base prototype for everything related to it
             **/

             var BaseCreator = function() {
             };

             BaseCreator.prototype.setConfig = function(config) {
                 this.config = config;
                 return this;
             };

             BaseCreator.prototype.parentsArray = function(current) {
                var parents = [];
                while(current) {
                    parents.push(current);
                    current = current[this.config.restangularFields.parentResource];
                }
                return parents.reverse();
            };

            function RestangularResource(config, $http, url, configurer) {
              var resource = {};
              _.each(_.keys(configurer), function(key) {
                  var value = configurer[key];

                  // Add default parameters
                  value.params = _.extend({}, value.params,
                          config.defaultRequestParams[value.method.toLowerCase()]);
                  // We don't want the ? if no params are there
                  if (_.isEmpty(value.params)) {
                    delete value.params;
                  }

                  if (config.isSafe(value.method)) {

                      resource[key] = function() {
                          return $http(_.extend(value, {
                              url: url
                          }));
                      };

                  } else {

                      resource[key] = function(data) {
                          return $http(_.extend(value, {
                              url: url,
                              data: data
                          }));
                      };

                  }
              });

              return resource;
            }

            BaseCreator.prototype.resource = function(current, $http, localHttpConfig, callHeaders, callParams, what, etag, operation) {

                var params = _.defaults(callParams || {}, this.config.defaultRequestParams.common);
                var headers = _.defaults(callHeaders || {}, this.config.defaultHeaders);

                if (etag) {
                    if (!config.isSafe(operation)) {
                      headers['If-Match'] = etag;
                    } else {
                      headers['If-None-Match'] = etag;
                    }
                }

                var url = this.base(current);

                if (what) {
                  var add = '';
                  if (!/\/$/.test(url)) {
                    add += '/';
                  }
                  add += what;
                  url += add;
                }

                if (this.config.suffix
                  && url.indexOf(this.config.suffix, url.length - this.config.suffix.length) === -1
                  && !this.config.getUrlFromElem(current)) {
                    url += this.config.suffix;
                }

                current[this.config.restangularFields.httpConfig] = undefined;


                return RestangularResource(this.config, $http, url, {
                    getList: this.config.withHttpValues(localHttpConfig,
                      {method: 'GET',
                      params: params,
                      headers: headers}),

                    get: this.config.withHttpValues(localHttpConfig,
                      {method: 'GET',
                      params: params,
                      headers: headers}),

                    jsonp: this.config.withHttpValues(localHttpConfig,
                      {method: 'jsonp',
                      params: params,
                      headers: headers}),

                    put: this.config.withHttpValues(localHttpConfig,
                      {method: 'PUT',
                      params: params,
                      headers: headers}),

                    post: this.config.withHttpValues(localHttpConfig,
                      {method: 'POST',
                      params: params,
                      headers: headers}),

                    remove: this.config.withHttpValues(localHttpConfig,
                      {method: 'DELETE',
                      params: params,
                      headers: headers}),

                    head: this.config.withHttpValues(localHttpConfig,
                      {method: 'HEAD',
                      params: params,
                      headers: headers}),

                    trace: this.config.withHttpValues(localHttpConfig,
                      {method: 'TRACE',
                      params: params,
                      headers: headers}),

                    options: this.config.withHttpValues(localHttpConfig,
                      {method: 'OPTIONS',
                      params: params,
                      headers: headers}),

                    patch: this.config.withHttpValues(localHttpConfig,
                      {method: 'PATCH',
                      params: params,
                      headers: headers})
                });
            };

            /**
             * This is the Path URL creator. It uses Path to show Hierarchy in the Rest API.
             * This means that if you have an Account that then has a set of Buildings, a URL to a building
             * would be /accounts/123/buildings/456
            **/
            var Path = function() {
            };

            Path.prototype = new BaseCreator();

            Path.prototype.base = function(current) {
                var __this = this;
                return  _.reduce(this.parentsArray(current), function(acum, elem) {
                    var elemUrl;
                    var elemSelfLink = __this.config.getUrlFromElem(elem);
                    if (elemSelfLink) {
                      if (__this.config.isAbsoluteUrl(elemSelfLink)) {
                        return elemSelfLink;
                      } else {
                        elemUrl = elemSelfLink;
                      }
                    } else {
                      elemUrl = elem[__this.config.restangularFields.route];

                      if (elem[__this.config.restangularFields.restangularCollection]) {
                        var ids = elem[__this.config.restangularFields.ids];
                        if (ids) {
                          elemUrl += "/" + ids.join(",");
                        }
                      } else {
                          var elemId;
                          if (__this.config.useCannonicalId) {
                              elemId = __this.config.getCannonicalIdFromElem(elem);
                          } else {
                              elemId = __this.config.getIdFromElem(elem);
                          }

                          if (config.isValidId(elemId) && !elem.singleOne) {
                              elemUrl += "/" + (__this.config.encodeIds ? encodeURIComponent(elemId) : elemId);
                          }
                      }
                    }

                    return acum.replace(/\/$/, "") + "/" + elemUrl;

                }, this.config.baseUrl);
            };


            Path.prototype.fetchUrl = function(current, what) {
                var baseUrl = this.base(current);
                if (what) {
                    baseUrl += "/" + what;
                }
                return baseUrl;
            };

            Path.prototype.fetchRequestedUrl = function(current, what) {
                var url = this.fetchUrl(current, what);
                var params = current[config.restangularFields.reqParams];

                // From here on and until the end of fetchRequestedUrl,
                // the code has been kindly borrowed from angular.js
                // The reason for such code bloating is coherence:
                //   If the user were to use this for cache management, the
                //   serialization of parameters would need to be identical
                //   to the one done by angular for cache keys to match.
                function sortedKeys(obj) {
                  var keys = [];
                  for (var key in obj) {
                    if (obj.hasOwnProperty(key)) {
                      keys.push(key);
                    }
                  }
                  return keys.sort();
                }

                function forEachSorted(obj, iterator, context) {
                  var keys = sortedKeys(obj);
                  for ( var i = 0; i < keys.length; i++) {
                    iterator.call(context, obj[keys[i]], keys[i]);
                  }
                  return keys;
                }

                function encodeUriQuery(val, pctEncodeSpaces) {
                  return encodeURIComponent(val).
                             replace(/%40/gi, '@').
                             replace(/%3A/gi, ':').
                             replace(/%24/g, '$').
                             replace(/%2C/gi, ',').
                             replace(/%20/g, (pctEncodeSpaces ? '%20' : '+'));
                }

                if (!params) return url;
                var parts = [];
                forEachSorted(params, function(value, key) {
                  if (value == null || value == undefined) return;
                  if (!angular.isArray(value)) value = [value];

                  angular.forEach(value, function(v) {
                    if (angular.isObject(v)) {
                      v = angular.toJson(v);
                    }
                    parts.push(encodeUriQuery(key) + '=' +
                               encodeUriQuery(v));
                  });
                });
                return url + (this.config.suffix || '') + ((url.indexOf('?') === -1) ? '?' : '&') + parts.join('&');
            };


            config.urlCreatorFactory.path = Path;

        };

        var globalConfiguration = {};

        Configurer.init(this, globalConfiguration);


       this.$get = ['$http', '$q', function($http, $q) {

          function createServiceForConfiguration(config) {
              var service = {};

              var urlHandler = new config.urlCreatorFactory[config.urlCreator]();
              urlHandler.setConfig(config);

              function restangularizeBase(parent, elem, route, reqParams, fromServer) {
                  elem[config.restangularFields.route] = route;
                  elem[config.restangularFields.getRestangularUrl] = _.bind(urlHandler.fetchUrl, urlHandler, elem);
                  elem[config.restangularFields.getRequestedUrl] = _.bind(urlHandler.fetchRequestedUrl, urlHandler, elem);
                  elem[config.restangularFields.addRestangularMethod] = _.bind(addRestangularMethodFunction, elem);
                  elem[config.restangularFields.clone] = _.bind(copyRestangularizedElement, elem, elem);
                  elem[config.restangularFields.reqParams] = _.isEmpty(reqParams) ? null : reqParams;
                  elem[config.restangularFields.withHttpConfig] = _.bind(withHttpConfig, elem);
                  elem[config.restangularFields.plain] = _.bind(stripRestangular, elem, elem);

                  // RequestLess connection
                  elem[config.restangularFields.one] = _.bind(one, elem, elem);
                  elem[config.restangularFields.all] = _.bind(all, elem, elem);
                  elem[config.restangularFields.several] = _.bind(several, elem, elem);
                  elem[config.restangularFields.oneUrl] = _.bind(oneUrl, elem, elem);
                  elem[config.restangularFields.allUrl] = _.bind(allUrl, elem, elem);

                  elem[config.restangularFields.fromServer] = !!fromServer;

                  if (parent && config.shouldSaveParent(route)) {
                      var parentId = config.getIdFromElem(parent);
                      var parentUrl = config.getUrlFromElem(parent);

                      var restangularFieldsForParent = _.union(
                        _.values( _.pick(config.restangularFields, ['route', 'singleOne', 'parentResource']) ),
                        config.extraFields
                      );
                      var parentResource = _.pick(parent, restangularFieldsForParent);

                      if (config.isValidId(parentId)) {
                          config.setIdToElem(parentResource, parentId);
                      }
                      if (config.isValidId(parentUrl)) {
                          config.setUrlToElem(parentResource, parentUrl);
                      }

                      elem[config.restangularFields.parentResource] = parentResource;
                  } else {
                    elem[config.restangularFields.parentResource] = null;
                  }
                  return elem;
              }


              function one(parent, route, id, singleOne) {
                  if (_.isNumber(route) || _.isNumber(parent)) {
                    var error = "You're creating a Restangular entity with the number "
                    error += "instead of the route or the parent. You can't call .one(12)";
                    throw new Error(error);
                  }
                  var elem = {};
                  config.setIdToElem(elem, id);
                  config.setFieldToElem(config.restangularFields.singleOne, elem, singleOne);
                  return restangularizeElem(parent, elem , route, false);
              }


              function all(parent, route) {
                  return restangularizeCollection(parent, [] , route, false);
              }

              function several(parent, route, ids) {
                var collection = [];
                collection[config.restangularFields.ids] =
                  Array.prototype.splice.call(arguments, 2);
                return restangularizeCollection(parent, collection , route, false);
              }

              function oneUrl(parent, route, url) {
                  if (!route) {
                    throw new Error("Route is mandatory when creating new Restangular objects.");
                  }
                  var elem = {};
                  config.setUrlToElem(elem, url, route);
                  return restangularizeElem(parent, elem , route, false);
              }


              function allUrl(parent, route, url) {
                  if (!route) {
                    throw new Error("Route is mandatory when creating new Restangular objects.");
                  }
                  var elem = {};
                  config.setUrlToElem(elem, url, route);
                  return restangularizeCollection(parent, elem , route, false);
              }
              // Promises
              function restangularizePromise(promise, isCollection, valueToFill) {
                  promise.call = _.bind(promiseCall, promise);
                  promise.get = _.bind(promiseGet, promise);
                  promise[config.restangularFields.restangularCollection] = isCollection;
                  if (isCollection) {
                      promise.push = _.bind(promiseCall, promise, "push");
                  }
                  promise.$object = valueToFill;
                  return promise;
              }

              function promiseCall(method) {
                  var deferred = $q.defer();
                  var callArgs = arguments;
                  var filledValue = {};
                  this.then(function(val) {
                      var params = Array.prototype.slice.call(callArgs, 1);
                      var func = val[method];
                      func.apply(val, params);
                      filledValue = val;
                      deferred.resolve(val);
                  });
                  return restangularizePromise(deferred.promise, this[config.restangularFields.restangularCollection], filledValue);
              }

              function promiseGet(what) {
                  var deferred = $q.defer();
                  var filledValue = {};
                  this.then(function(val) {
                      filledValue = val[what];
                      deferred.resolve(filledValue);
                  });
                  return restangularizePromise(deferred.promise, this[config.restangularFields.restangularCollection], filledValue);
              }

              function resolvePromise(deferred, response, data, filledValue) {

                _.extend(filledValue, data);

                // Trigger the full response interceptor.
                if (config.fullResponse) {
                  return deferred.resolve(_.extend(response, {
                    data: data
                  }));
                } else {
                  deferred.resolve(data);
                }
              }


              // Elements

              function stripRestangular(elem) {
                if (_.isArray(elem)) {
                    var array = [];
                    _.each(elem, function(value) {
                        array.push(stripRestangular(value));
                    });
                    return array;
                } else {
                    return _.omit(elem, _.values(_.omit(config.restangularFields, 'id')));
                }


              }

              function addCustomOperation(elem) {
                  elem[config.restangularFields.customOperation] = _.bind(customFunction, elem);
                  _.each(["put", "post", "get", "delete"], function(oper) {
                      _.each(["do", "custom"], function(alias) {
                          var callOperation = oper === 'delete' ? 'remove' : oper;
                          var name = alias + oper.toUpperCase();
                          var callFunction;

                          if (callOperation !== 'put' && callOperation !== 'post') {
                              callFunction = customFunction;
                          } else {
                              callFunction = function(operation, elem, path, params, headers) {
                                return _.bind(customFunction, this)(operation, path, params, headers, elem);
                              };
                          }
                          elem[name] = _.bind(callFunction, elem, callOperation);
                      });
                  });
                  elem[config.restangularFields.customGETLIST] = _.bind(fetchFunction, elem);
                  elem[config.restangularFields.doGETLIST] = elem[config.restangularFields.customGETLIST];
              }

              function copyRestangularizedElement(fromElement, toElement) {
                  var copiedElement = angular.copy(fromElement, toElement);
                  return restangularizeElem(copiedElement[config.restangularFields.parentResource],
                          copiedElement, copiedElement[config.restangularFields.route], true);
              }

              function restangularizeElem(parent, element, route, fromServer, collection, reqParams) {
                  var elem = config.onBeforeElemRestangularized(element, false, route);

                  var localElem = restangularizeBase(parent, elem, route, reqParams, fromServer);

                  if (config.useCannonicalId) {
                      localElem[config.restangularFields.cannonicalId] = config.getIdFromElem(localElem);
                  }

                  if (collection) {
                      localElem[config.restangularFields.getParentList] = function() {
                          return collection;
                      };
                  }

                  localElem[config.restangularFields.restangularCollection] = false;
                  localElem[config.restangularFields.get] = _.bind(getFunction, localElem);
                  localElem[config.restangularFields.getList] = _.bind(fetchFunction, localElem);
                  localElem[config.restangularFields.put] = _.bind(putFunction, localElem);
                  localElem[config.restangularFields.post] = _.bind(postFunction, localElem);
                  localElem[config.restangularFields.remove] = _.bind(deleteFunction, localElem);
                  localElem[config.restangularFields.head] = _.bind(headFunction, localElem);
                  localElem[config.restangularFields.trace] = _.bind(traceFunction, localElem);
                  localElem[config.restangularFields.options] = _.bind(optionsFunction, localElem);
                  localElem[config.restangularFields.patch] = _.bind(patchFunction, localElem);
                  localElem[config.restangularFields.save] = _.bind(save, localElem);

                  addCustomOperation(localElem);
                  return config.transformElem(localElem, false, route, service, true);
              }

              function restangularizeCollection(parent, element, route, fromServer, reqParams) {
                  var elem = config.onBeforeElemRestangularized(element, true, route);

                  var localElem = restangularizeBase(parent, elem, route, reqParams, fromServer);
                  localElem[config.restangularFields.restangularCollection] = true;
                  localElem[config.restangularFields.post] = _.bind(postFunction, localElem, null);
                  localElem[config.restangularFields.remove] = _.bind(deleteFunction, localElem);
                  localElem[config.restangularFields.head] = _.bind(headFunction, localElem);
                  localElem[config.restangularFields.trace] = _.bind(traceFunction, localElem);
                  localElem[config.restangularFields.putElement] = _.bind(putElementFunction, localElem);
                  localElem[config.restangularFields.options] = _.bind(optionsFunction, localElem);
                  localElem[config.restangularFields.patch] = _.bind(patchFunction, localElem);
                  localElem[config.restangularFields.get] = _.bind(getById, localElem);
                  localElem[config.restangularFields.getList] = _.bind(fetchFunction, localElem, null);

                  addCustomOperation(localElem);
                  return config.transformElem(localElem, true, route, service, true);
              }

              function restangularizeCollectionAndElements(parent, element, route) {
                var collection = restangularizeCollection(parent, element, route, false);
                _.each(collection, function(elem) {
                  restangularizeElem(parent, elem, route, false);
                });
                return collection;
              }

              function getById(id, reqParams, headers){
                  return this.customGET(id.toString(), reqParams, headers);
              }

              function putElementFunction(idx, params, headers) {
                  var __this = this;
                  var elemToPut = this[idx];
                  var deferred = $q.defer();
                  var filledArray = [];
                  filledArray = config.transformElem(filledArray, true, elemToPut[config.restangularFields.route], service)
                  elemToPut.put(params, headers).then(function(serverElem) {
                      var newArray = copyRestangularizedElement(__this);
                      newArray[idx] = serverElem;
                      filledArray = newArray;
                      deferred.resolve(newArray);
                  }, function(response) {
                      deferred.reject(response);
                  });

                  return restangularizePromise(deferred.promise, true, filledArray);
              }

              function parseResponse(resData, operation, route, fetchUrl, response, deferred) {
                  var data = config.responseExtractor(resData, operation, route, fetchUrl, response, deferred);
                  var etag = response.headers("ETag");
                  if (data && etag) {
                      data[config.restangularFields.etag] = etag;
                  }
                  return data;
              }


              function fetchFunction(what, reqParams, headers) {
                  var __this = this;
                  var deferred = $q.defer();
                  var operation = 'getList';
                  var url = urlHandler.fetchUrl(this, what);
                  var whatFetched = what || __this[config.restangularFields.route];

                  var request = config.fullRequestInterceptor(null, operation,
                      whatFetched, url, headers || {}, reqParams || {}, this[config.restangularFields.httpConfig] || {});

                  var filledArray = [];
                  filledArray = config.transformElem(filledArray, true, whatFetched, service)

                  var method = "getList";

                  if (config.jsonp) {
                    method = "jsonp";
                  }

                  urlHandler.resource(this, $http, request.httpConfig, request.headers, request.params, what,
                          this[config.restangularFields.etag], operation)[method]().then(function(response) {
                      var resData = response.data;
                      var fullParams = response.config.params;
                      var data = parseResponse(resData, operation, whatFetched, url, response, deferred);

                      // support empty response for getList() calls (some APIs respond with 204 and empty body)
                      if (_.isUndefined(data) || "" === data) {
                          data = []
                      }
                      if (!_.isArray(data)) {
                        throw new Error("Response for getList SHOULD be an array and not an object or something else");
                      }
                      var processedData = _.map(data, function(elem) {
                          if (!__this[config.restangularFields.restangularCollection]) {
                              return restangularizeElem(__this, elem, what, true, data);
                          } else {
                              return restangularizeElem(__this[config.restangularFields.parentResource],
                                elem, __this[config.restangularFields.route], true, data);
                          }

                      });

                      processedData = _.extend(data, processedData);

                      if (!__this[config.restangularFields.restangularCollection]) {
                          resolvePromise(deferred, response, restangularizeCollection(__this, processedData, what, true, fullParams), filledArray);
                      } else {
                          resolvePromise(deferred, response, restangularizeCollection(__this[config.restangularFields.parentResource], processedData, __this[config.restangularFields.route], true, fullParams), filledArray);
                      }
                  }, function error(response) {
                      if (response.status === 304 && __this[config.restangularFields.restangularCollection]) {
                        resolvePromise(deferred, response, __this, filledArray);
                      } else if ( config.errorInterceptor(response, deferred) !== false ) {
                          deferred.reject(response);
                      }
                  });

                  return restangularizePromise(deferred.promise, true, filledArray);
              }

              function withHttpConfig(httpConfig) {
                 this[config.restangularFields.httpConfig] = httpConfig;
                 return this;
              }

              function save(params, headers) {
                if (this[config.restangularFields.fromServer]) {
                  return this[config.restangularFields.put](params, headers);
                } else {
                  return _.bind(elemFunction, this)("post", undefined, params, undefined, headers);
                }
              }

              function elemFunction(operation, what, params, obj, headers) {
                  var __this = this;
                  var deferred = $q.defer();
                  var resParams = params || {};
                  var route = what || this[config.restangularFields.route];
                  var fetchUrl = urlHandler.fetchUrl(this, what);

                  var callObj = obj || this;
                  // fallback to etag on restangular object (since for custom methods we probably don't explicitly specify the etag field)
                  var etag = callObj[config.restangularFields.etag] || (operation != "post" ? this[config.restangularFields.etag] : null);

                  if (_.isObject(callObj) && config.isRestangularized(callObj)) {
                      callObj = stripRestangular(callObj);
                  }
                  var request = config.fullRequestInterceptor(callObj, operation, route, fetchUrl,
                    headers || {}, resParams || {}, this[config.restangularFields.httpConfig] || {});

                  var filledObject = {};
                  filledObject = config.transformElem(filledObject, false, route, service);

                  var okCallback = function(response) {
                      var resData = response.data;
                      var fullParams = response.config.params;
                      var elem = parseResponse(resData, operation, route, fetchUrl, response, deferred);
                      if (elem) {

                        if (operation === "post" && !__this[config.restangularFields.restangularCollection]) {
                          resolvePromise(deferred, response, restangularizeElem(__this, elem, what, true, null, fullParams), filledObject);
                        } else {
                          data = restangularizeElem(__this[config.restangularFields.parentResource], elem, __this[config.restangularFields.route], true, null, fullParams)
                          data[config.restangularFields.singleOne] = __this[config.restangularFields.singleOne]
                          resolvePromise(deferred, response, data, filledObject);
                        }

                      } else {
                        resolvePromise(deferred, response, undefined, filledObject);
                      }
                  };

                  var errorCallback = function(response) {
                      if (response.status === 304 && config.isSafe(operation)) {
                        resolvePromise(deferred, response, __this, filledObject);
                      } else if ( config.errorInterceptor(response, deferred) !== false ) {
                          deferred.reject(response);
                      }
                  };
                  // Overring HTTP Method
                  var callOperation = operation;
                  var callHeaders = _.extend({}, request.headers);
                  var isOverrideOperation = config.isOverridenMethod(operation);
                  if (isOverrideOperation) {
                    callOperation = 'post';
                    callHeaders = _.extend(callHeaders, {'X-HTTP-Method-Override': operation === 'remove' ? 'DELETE' : operation});
                  } else if (config.jsonp && callOperation === 'get') {
                    callOperation = 'jsonp';
                  }

                  if (config.isSafe(operation)) {
                    if (isOverrideOperation) {
                      urlHandler.resource(this, $http, request.httpConfig, callHeaders, request.params,
                        what, etag, callOperation)[callOperation]({}).then(okCallback, errorCallback);
                    } else {
                      urlHandler.resource(this, $http, request.httpConfig, callHeaders, request.params,
                        what, etag, callOperation)[callOperation]().then(okCallback, errorCallback);
                    }
                  } else {
                      urlHandler.resource(this, $http, request.httpConfig, callHeaders, request.params,
                        what, etag, callOperation)[callOperation](request.element).then(okCallback, errorCallback);
                  }

                  return restangularizePromise(deferred.promise, false, filledObject);
              }

              function getFunction(params, headers) {
                  return _.bind(elemFunction, this)("get", undefined, params, undefined, headers);
              }

              function deleteFunction(params, headers) {
                  return _.bind(elemFunction, this)("remove", undefined, params, undefined, headers);
              }

              function putFunction(params, headers) {
                  return _.bind(elemFunction, this)("put", undefined, params, undefined, headers);
              }

              function postFunction(what, elem, params, headers) {
                  return _.bind(elemFunction, this)("post", what, params, elem, headers);
              }

             function headFunction(params, headers) {
               return _.bind(elemFunction, this)("head", undefined, params, undefined, headers);
             }

             function traceFunction(params, headers) {
               return _.bind(elemFunction, this)("trace", undefined, params, undefined, headers);
             }

             function optionsFunction(params, headers) {
               return _.bind(elemFunction, this)("options", undefined, params, undefined, headers);
             }

             function patchFunction(elem, params, headers) {
               return _.bind(elemFunction, this)("patch", undefined, params, elem, headers);
             }

             function customFunction(operation, path, params, headers, elem) {
                 return _.bind(elemFunction, this)(operation, path, params, elem, headers);
             }

             function addRestangularMethodFunction(name, operation, path, defaultParams, defaultHeaders, defaultElem) {
                 var bindedFunction;
                 if (operation === 'getList') {
                     bindedFunction = _.bind(fetchFunction, this, path);
                 } else {
                     bindedFunction = _.bind(customFunction, this, operation, path);
                 }

                 var createdFunction = function(params, headers, elem) {
                     var callParams = _.defaults({
                         params: params,
                         headers: headers,
                         elem: elem
                     }, {
                         params: defaultParams,
                         headers: defaultHeaders,
                         elem: defaultElem
                     });
                     return bindedFunction(callParams.params, callParams.headers, callParams.elem);
                 };

                 if (config.isSafe(operation)) {
                     this[name] = createdFunction;
                 } else {
                     this[name] = function(elem, params, headers) {
                         return createdFunction(params, headers, elem);
                     };
                 }

             }

             function withConfigurationFunction(configurer) {
                 var newConfig = angular.copy(_.omit(config, 'configuration'));
                 Configurer.init(newConfig, newConfig);
                 configurer(newConfig);
                 return createServiceForConfiguration(newConfig);
             }

             function toService(route, parent) {
                 var serv = {};
                 var collection = (parent || service).all(route);
                 serv.one = _.bind(one, (parent || service), parent, route);
                 serv.post = _.bind(collection.post, collection);
                 serv.getList = _.bind(collection.getList, collection);
                 return serv;
             }


              Configurer.init(service, config);

              service.copy = _.bind(copyRestangularizedElement, service);

              service.service = _.bind(toService, service);

              service.withConfig = _.bind(withConfigurationFunction, service);

              service.one = _.bind(one, service, null);

              service.all = _.bind(all, service, null);

              service.several = _.bind(several, service, null);

              service.oneUrl = _.bind(oneUrl, service, null);

              service.allUrl = _.bind(allUrl, service, null);

              service.stripRestangular = _.bind(stripRestangular, service);

              service.restangularizeElement = _.bind(restangularizeElem, service);

              service.restangularizeCollection = _.bind(restangularizeCollectionAndElements, service);

              return service;
          }

          return createServiceForConfiguration(globalConfiguration);

        }];
    }
);

})();
(function() {
  angular.module("hyperadmin", ["restangular", "ui.router"]).config(function($httpProvider) {
    var authToken;
    authToken = $("meta[name=\"csrf-token\"]").attr("content");
    $httpProvider.defaults.headers.common["X-CSRF-TOKEN"] = authToken;
    $httpProvider.defaults.headers.common["X-Requested-With"] = "XMLHttpRequest";
    return $httpProvider.defaults.headers.common["Accept"] = "text/html,application/json";
  }).config(function($stateProvider) {
    return window.stateProvider = $stateProvider;
  }).config(function(RestangularProvider) {
    return RestangularProvider.setRequestSuffix('.json');
  });

}).call(this);
(function() {
  angular.module("hyperadmin").controller("EditCtrl", function($state, resourceClass) {
    this.resource_class = resourceClass;
    return this;
  });

}).call(this);
(function() {
  var __hasProp = {}.hasOwnProperty;

  angular.module("hyperadmin").controller("FormCtrl", function($scope, $state, Restangular, Flash) {
    var method, mode, prettifyErrors, successMessage, target;
    this.resource = {};
    mode = $state.current.data.mode;
    if (mode === "new") {
      method = "post";
      target = "admin/" + $scope.resourceClass.plural;
      successMessage = "" + $scope.resourceClass.singular_human + " created successfully.";
    } else {
      method = "patch";
      target = "admin/" + $scope.resourceClass.plural + "/" + $state.params.id;
      successMessage = "" + $scope.resourceClass.singular_human + " updated successfully.";
      Restangular.one(target).get().then((function(_this) {
        return function(resource) {
          _this.resource = resource;
          return $scope.resourceClass.form_attributes.forEach(function(attr) {
            if (attr.type === "date" || attr.type === "datetime") {
              if (_this.resource[attr.key]) {
                return _this.resource[attr.key] = new Date(_this.resource[attr.key]);
              }
            }
          });
        };
      })(this));
    }
    ["id", "created_at", "updated_at"].forEach(function(key) {
      return _.remove($scope.resourceClass.form_attributes, function(attr) {
        return attr.key === key;
      });
    });
    prettifyErrors = function(errors) {
      var attr, attrSchema, result;
      result = {};
      for (attr in errors) {
        if (!__hasProp.call(errors, attr)) continue;
        attrSchema = _.find($scope.resourceClass.form_attributes, (function(_this) {
          return function(attribute) {
            return attribute.key === attr;
          };
        })(this));
        result[attrSchema.human] = errors[attr];
      }
      return result;
    };
    this.submit = (function(_this) {
      return function() {
        var onError, onSuccess;
        onError = function(response) {
          return _this.errors = prettifyErrors(response.data);
        };
        onSuccess = function(resource) {
          $state.go("^.show", {
            id: resource.id
          });
          return Flash.setMessage("success", successMessage);
        };
        if (method === "post") {
          return Restangular.all(target).post(_this.resource).then(onSuccess, onError);
        } else if (method === "patch") {
          return Restangular.one(target).patch(_this.resource).then(onSuccess, onError);
        }
      };
    })(this);
    return this;
  });

}).call(this);
(function() {
  angular.module("hyperadmin").controller("IndexCtrl", function($state, Restangular, resourceClass) {
    this.resource_class = resourceClass;
    Restangular.all("admin/" + resourceClass.plural).getList().then((function(_this) {
      return function(resources) {
        return _this.resources = Restangular.stripRestangular(resources);
      };
    })(this));
    return this;
  });

}).call(this);
(function() {
  angular.module("hyperadmin").controller("MainCtrl", function() {
    return this;
  });

}).call(this);
(function() {
  angular.module("hyperadmin").controller("NavbarCtrl", function(Restangular) {
    Restangular.all("admin/resource_classes").getList().then((function(_this) {
      return function(resources) {
        return _this.resources = resources.map(function(resource) {
          return {
            list_state: "" + resource.plural,
            label: resource.menu_label
          };
        });
      };
    })(this));
    return this;
  });

}).call(this);
(function() {
  angular.module("hyperadmin").controller("NewCtrl", function($state, resourceClass) {
    this.resource_class = resourceClass;
    return this;
  });

}).call(this);
(function() {
  angular.module("hyperadmin").controller("ShowCtrl", function($state, Restangular, resourceClass) {
    this.resource_class = resourceClass;
    Restangular.one("admin/" + resourceClass.plural, $state.params.id).get().then((function(_this) {
      return function(resource) {
        return _this.resource = Restangular.stripRestangular(resource);
      };
    })(this));
    this.template = function(attribute) {
      return "show-" + attribute.type;
    };
    return this;
  });

}).call(this);
(function() {
  angular.module("hyperadmin").directive("deleteLink", function($http) {
    return {
      link: function(scope, element, attributes) {
        return element.off("click").on("click", function(event) {
          var href;
          event.preventDefault();
          href = element.attr("href");
          if (href) {
            return $http({
              method: "DELETE",
              url: href
            });
          }
        });
      }
    };
  });

}).call(this);
(function() {
  angular.module("hyperadmin").directive("flashMessages", function(Flash) {
    return {
      template: "<aside class=\"alert alert-{{ flash.getMessage().type }}\"\n  ng-show=\"!!flash.getMessage().type\">\n  <p>{{ flash.getMessage().message }}</p>\n</aside>",
      restrict: "E",
      link: function(scope) {
        return scope.flash = Flash;
      }
    };
  });

}).call(this);
(function() {
  angular.module("hyperadmin").directive("formActions", function() {
    return {
      template: "<div class=\"form-group\">\n  <div class=\"col-sm-offset-2 col-sm-10\">\n    <button type=\"submit\" class=\"btn btn-primary\" ng-disabled=\"form.$invalid\">\n      Submit\n    </button>\n    <a class=\"btn btn-danger\" ui-sref=\"^\">Cancel</a>\n  </div>\n</div>",
      restrict: "E",
      scope: {
        cancelState: "=cancelState",
        form: "=form"
      }
    };
  });

}).call(this);
(function() {
  angular.module("hyperadmin").directive("formErrors", function() {
    return {
      template: "<section class=\"panel panel-danger\" ng-if=\"errors\">\n  <div class=\"panel-heading\">\n    <h3 class=\"panel-title\">Errors occurred</h3>\n  </div>\n\n  <div class=\"panel-body\">\n    <div ng-repeat=\"(attr, messages) in errors\">\n      <h4>{{ attr }}</h4>\n\n      <ul>\n        <li ng-repeat=\"message in messages\">{{ message }}</li>\n      </ul>\n    </div>\n  </div>\n</section>",
      restrict: "E",
      scope: {
        errors: "=errors"
      }
    };
  });

}).call(this);
(function() {
  angular.module("hyperadmin").directive("formInput", function() {
    return {
      template: "<div class=\"col-sm-10\" ng-class=\"{ field_with_errors: !!errors }\">\n  <ng-include src=\"type\"></ng-include>\n  <span class=\"glyphicon glyphicon-remove form-control-feedback\"></span>\n  <span class=\"help-block error\" ng-show=\"!!errors\" ng-repeat=\"error in errors\">\n    {{ placeholder }} {{ error }}\n  </span>\n</div>",
      restrict: "E",
      scope: {
        resource: "=resource",
        name: "=attr",
        placeholder: "=human",
        errors: "=errors",
        type: "=type"
      }
    };
  });

}).call(this);
(function() {
  angular.module("hyperadmin").directive("formInputGroup", function() {
    return {
      template: "<div class=\"form-group has-feedback\"\n  ng-class=\"{ 'field_with_errors': !!errors }\">\n  <label class=\"col-sm-2 control-label\" for=\"{{ attr }}\">\n    {{ human }}\n  </label>\n\n  <form-input attr=\"attr\" human=\"human\"\n    resource=\"resource\" errors=\"errors\"\n    type=\"type\">\n  </form-input>\n</div>",
      restrict: "E",
      scope: {
        resource: "=resource",
        attribute: "=attribute",
        attr: "=attr",
        errors: "=errors",
        human: "=human",
        type: "=type"
      }
    };
  });

}).call(this);
(function() {
  angular.module("hyperadmin").directive("resourceForm", function() {
    return {
      template: "<div class=\"row\">\n  <div class=\"col-xs-12\" ng-controller=\"FormCtrl as formCtrl\">\n    <form-errors errors=\"formCtrl.errors\"></form-errors> \n\n    <form class=\"form-horizontal\" name=\"form\" ng-submit=\"formCtrl.submit()\" novalidate>\n      <form-input-group ng-repeat=\"attribute in resourceClass.form_attributes\"\n        resource=\"formCtrl.resource\"\n        attr=\"attribute.key\"\n        errors=\"formCtrl.errors[attribute.key]\"\n        human=\"attribute.human\"\n        type=\"attribute.type\">\n      </form-input-group>\n\n      <form-actions form=\"form\" cancel-state=\"resourceClass.plural\"\n    </form>\n  </div>\n</div>",
      restrict: "E",
      scope: {
        resourceClass: "=resourceClass"
      },
      controller: function($scope) {
        return ["id", "created_at", "updated_at"].forEach(function(attr) {
          return delete $scope.resourceClass.form_attributes[attr];
        });
      }
    };
  });

}).call(this);
(function() {
  angular.module("hyperadmin").directive("pageHeader", function() {
    return {
      transclude: true,
      template: "<div class=\"row\">\n  <div class=\"col-xs-12\">\n    <header class=\"page-header\" ng-transclude>\n    </header>\n  </div>\n</div>",
      restrict: "E"
    };
  });

}).call(this);
(function() {
  angular.module("hyperadmin").directive("resourceTable", function() {
    return {
      template: "<table class=\"table table-striped\">\n  <thead>\n    <tr>\n      <th ng-repeat=\"attribute in resourceClass.index_attributes\">\n        {{ attribute.human }}\n      </th>\n      <th>Actions</th>\n    </tr>\n  </thead>\n  <tbody>\n    <tr table-row attributes=\"resourceClass.index_attributes\"\n      ng-repeat=\"resource in resources\" resource=\"resource\">\n    </tr>\n  </tbody>\n</table>",
      scope: {
        resourceClass: "=",
        resources: "="
      },
      restrict: "E"
    };
  });

}).call(this);
(function() {
  angular.module("hyperadmin").directive("tableRow", function() {
    return {
      template: "<td ng-repeat=\"attribute in attributes\">\n  <ng-include src=\"template(attribute)\"></ng-include>\n</td>\n<td>\n  <a ui-sref=\".show({ id: resource.id })\">Show</a>\n  <a ui-sref=\".edit({ id: resource.id })\">Edit</a>\n  <a ui-sref=\".show({ id: resource.id })\" delete-link>Destroy</a>\n</td>",
      restrict: "A",
      scope: {
        attributes: "=",
        resource: "="
      },
      link: function(scope) {
        return scope.template = function(attr) {
          return "table-" + attr.type;
        };
      }
    };
  });

}).call(this);
(function() {
  angular.module("hyperadmin").filter("truncate", function() {
    return function(input, limit) {
      var result;
      if (limit == null) {
        limit = 30;
      }
      if (!input) {
        return '';
      }
      if (!(input.length > limit)) {
        return input;
      }
      result = input.substring(0, limit - 1);
      return result + "…";
    };
  });

}).call(this);
(function() {
  angular.module("hyperadmin").factory("Flash", function($rootScope) {
    var currentMessage, queue;
    queue = [];
    currentMessage = {};
    $rootScope.$on("$viewContentLoaded", function() {
      return currentMessage = queue.shift() || {};
    });
    return {
      setMessage: function(type, message) {
        return queue.push({
          type: type,
          message: message
        });
      },
      getMessage: function() {
        return currentMessage;
      }
    };
  });

}).call(this);
(function() {
  angular.module("hyperadmin").config(function($locationProvider, $stateProvider, $urlRouterProvider) {
    $locationProvider.html5Mode(true);
    return $stateProvider.state("index", {
      url: "/admin/:pluralName",
      templateUrl: function(params) {
        return "/admin/" + params.pluralName + ".html";
      },
      controller: "IndexCtrl as indexCtrl",
      resolve: {
        resourceClass: function($stateParams, Restangular) {
          return Restangular.one("admin/resource_classes", $stateParams.pluralName).get();
        }
      },
      data: {
        resource: "resource"
      }
    }).state("index.new", {
      url: "/new",
      templateUrl: function(params) {
        return "/admin/" + params.pluralName + "/new.html";
      },
      controller: "NewCtrl as newCtrl",
      data: {
        mode: "new"
      }
    }).state("index.show", {
      url: "/:id",
      templateUrl: function(params) {
        return "/admin/" + params.pluralName + "/" + params.id + ".html";
      },
      controller: "ShowCtrl as showCtrl",
      data: {
        resource: "resource"
      }
    }).state("index.edit", {
      url: "/:id/edit",
      templateUrl: function(params) {
        return "/admin/" + params.pluralName + "/" + params.id + "/edit.html";
      },
      controller: "EditCtrl as editCtrl",
      data: {
        resource: "resource",
        mode: "edit"
      }
    });
  });

}).call(this);
(function() {


}).call(this);
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