/* -*- mode: C++; c-basic-offset: 2; indent-tabs-mode: nil -*- */
/*
 *  Main authors:
 *     Christian Schulte <schulte@gecode.org>
 *
 *  Copyright:
 *     Christian Schulte, 2008
 *
 *  Last modified:
 *     $Date: 2010-07-26 20:53:58 +1000 (Mon, 26 Jul 2010) $ by $Author: schulte $
 *     $Revision: 11279 $
 *
 *  This file is part of Gecode, the generic constraint
 *  development environment:
 *     http://www.gecode.org
 *
 *  Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining
 *  a copy of this software and associated documentation files (the
 *  "Software"), to deal in the Software without restriction, including
 *  without limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish,
 *  distribute, sublicense, and/or sell copies of the Software, and to
 *  permit persons to whom the Software is furnished to do so, subject to
 *  the following conditions:
 *
 *  The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be
 *  included in all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
 *
 *  THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND,
 *  EXPRESS OR IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF
 *  MERCHANTABILITY, FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND
 *  NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE
 *  LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION
 *  OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM, OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION
 *  WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN THE SOFTWARE.
 *
 */

#include <cstring>
#include <cstdlib>
#include <algorithm>

namespace Gecode {

  /**
   * \defgroup FuncMemHeap %Heap memory management
   *
   * \ingroup FuncMem
   */


  /**
   * \brief %Heap memory management class
   *
   * All routines throw an exception of MemoryExhausted, if a request
   * cannot be fulfilled.
   * \ingroup FuncMemHeap
   */
  class Heap {
  public:
    /// Default constructor (ensuring that only a single instance is created)
    Heap(void);
    /// \name Typed allocation routines
    //@{
    /**
     * \brief Allocate block of \a n objects of type \a T from heap
     *
     * Note that this function implements C++ semantics: the default
     * constructor of \a T is run for all \a n objects.
     */
    template<class T>
    T* alloc(long unsigned int n);
    /**
     * \brief Allocate block of \a n objects of type \a T from heap
     *
     * Note that this function implements C++ semantics: the default
     * constructor of \a T is run for all \a n objects.
     */
    template<class T>
    T* alloc(long int n);
    /**
     * \brief Allocate block of \a n objects of type \a T from heap
     *
     * Note that this function implements C++ semantics: the default
     * constructor of \a T is run for all \a n objects.
     */
    template<class T>
    T* alloc(unsigned int n);
    /**
     * \brief Allocate block of \a n objects of type \a T from heap
     *
     * Note that this function implements C++ semantics: the default
     * constructor of \a T is run for all \a n objects.
     */
    template<class T>
    T* alloc(int n);
    /**
     * \brief Delete \a n objects starting at \a b
     *
     * Note that this function implements C++ semantics: the destructor
     * of \a T is run for all \a n objects.
     */
    template<class T>
    void free(T* b, long unsigned int n);
    /**
     * \brief Delete \a n objects starting at \a b
     *
     * Note that this function implements C++ semantics: the destructor
     * of \a T is run for all \a n objects.
     */
    template<class T>
    void free(T* b, long int n);
    /**
     * \brief Delete \a n objects starting at \a b
     *
     * Note that this function implements C++ semantics: the destructor
     * of \a T is run for all \a n objects.
     */
    template<class T>
    void free(T* b, unsigned int n);
    /**
     * \brief Delete \a n objects starting at \a b
     *
     * Note that this function implements C++ semantics: the destructor
     * of \a T is run for all \a n objects.
     */
    template<class T>
    void free(T* b, int n);
    /**
     * \brief Reallocate block of \a n objects starting at \a b to \a m objects of type \a T from heap
     *
     * Note that this function implements C++ semantics: the copy constructor
     * of \a T is run for all \f$\min(n,m)\f$ objects, the default
     * constructor of \a T is run for all remaining
     * \f$\max(n,m)-\min(n,m)\f$ objects, and the destrucor of \a T is
     * run for all \a n objects in \a b.
     *
     * Returns the address of the new block.
     */
    template<class T>
    T* realloc(T* b, long unsigned int n, long unsigned int m);
    /**
     * \brief Reallocate block of \a n objects starting at \a b to \a m objects of type \a T from heap
     *
     * Note that this function implements C++ semantics: the copy constructor
     * of \a T is run for all \f$\min(n,m)\f$ objects, the default
     * constructor of \a T is run for all remaining
     * \f$\max(n,m)-\min(n,m)\f$ objects, and the destrucor of \a T is
     * run for all \a n objects in \a b.
     *
     * Returns the address of the new block.
     */
    template<class T>
    T* realloc(T* b, long int n, long int m);
    /**
     * \brief Reallocate block of \a n objects starting at \a b to \a m objects of type \a T from heap
     *
     * Note that this function implements C++ semantics: the copy constructor
     * of \a T is run for all \f$\min(n,m)\f$ objects, the default
     * constructor of \a T is run for all remaining
     * \f$\max(n,m)-\min(n,m)\f$ objects, and the destrucor of \a T is
     * run for all \a n objects in \a b.
     *
     * Returns the address of the new block.
     */
    template<class T>
    T* realloc(T* b, unsigned int n, unsigned int m);
    /**
     * \brief Reallocate block of \a n objects starting at \a b to \a m objects of type \a T from heap
     *
     * Note that this function implements C++ semantics: the copy constructor
     * of \a T is run for all \f$\min(n,m)\f$ objects, the default
     * constructor of \a T is run for all remaining
     * \f$\max(n,m)-\min(n,m)\f$ objects, and the destrucor of \a T is
     * run for all \a n objects in \a b.
     *
     * Returns the address of the new block.
     */
    template<class T>
    T* realloc(T* b, int n, int m);
    /**
     * \brief Reallocate block of \a n pointers starting at \a b to \a m objects of type \a T* from heap
     *
     * Returns the address of the new block.
     *
     * This is a specialization for performance.
     */
    template<class T>
    T** realloc(T** b, long unsigned int n, long unsigned int m);
    /**
     * \brief Reallocate block of \a n pointers starting at \a b to \a m objects of type \a T* from heap
     *
     * Returns the address of the new block.
     *
     * This is a specialization for performance.
     */
    template<class T>
    T** realloc(T** b, long int n, long int m);
    /**
     * \brief Reallocate block of \a n pointers starting at \a b to \a m objects of type \a T* from heap
     *
     * Returns the address of the new block.
     *
     * This is a specialization for performance.
     */
    template<class T>
    T** realloc(T** b, unsigned int n, unsigned int m);
    /**
     * \brief Reallocate block of \a n pointers starting at \a b to \a m objects of type \a T* from heap
     *
     * Returns the address of the new block.
     *
     * This is a specialization for performance.
     */
    template<class T>
    T** realloc(T** b, int n, int m);
    /**
     * \brief Copy \a n objects starting at \a s to \a d
     *
     * Note that this function implements C++ semantics: the assignment
     * operator of \a T is run for all \a n objects.
     *
     * Returns \a d.
     */
    template<class T>
    static T* copy(T* d, const T* s, long unsigned int n);
    /**
     * \brief Copy \a n objects starting at \a s to \a d
     *
     * Note that this function implements C++ semantics: the assignment
     * operator of \a T is run for all \a n objects.
     *
     * Returns \a d.
     */
    template<class T>
    static T* copy(T* d, const T* s, long int n);
    /**
     * \brief Copy \a n objects starting at \a s to \a d
     *
     * Note that this function implements C++ semantics: the assignment
     * operator of \a T is run for all \a n objects.
     *
     * Returns \a d.
     */
    template<class T>
    static T* copy(T* d, const T* s, unsigned int n);
    /**
     * \brief Copy \a n objects starting at \a s to \a d
     *
     * Note that this function implements C++ semantics: the assignment
     * operator of \a T is run for all \a n objects.
     *
     * Returns \a d.
     */
    template<class T>
    static T* copy(T* d, const T* s, int n);
    /**
     * \brief Copy \a n pointers starting at \a s to \a d
     *
     * Returns \a d.
     *
     * This is a specialization for performance.
     */
    template<class T>
    static T** copy(T** d, const T** s, long unsigned int n);
    /**
     * \brief Copy \a n pointers starting at \a s to \a d
     *
     * Returns \a d.
     *
     * This is a specialization for performance.
     */
    template<class T>
    static T** copy(T** d, const T** s, long int n);
    /**
     * \brief Copy \a n pointers starting at \a s to \a d
     *
     * Returns \a d.
     *
     * This is a specialization for performance.
     */
    template<class T>
    static T** copy(T** d, const T** s, unsigned int n);
    /**
     * \brief Copy \a n pointers starting at \a s to \a d
     *
     * Returns \a d.
     *
     * This is a specialization for performance.
     */
    template<class T>
    static T** copy(T** d, const T** s, int n);
    //@}
    /// \name Raw allocation routines
    //@{
    /// Allocate \a s bytes from heap
    void* ralloc(size_t s);
    /// Free memory block starting at \a p
    void  rfree(void* p);
    /// Free memory block starting at \a p with size \a s
    void  rfree(void* p, size_t s);
    /// Change memory block starting at \a p to size \a s
    void* rrealloc(void* p, size_t s);
    //@}
  private:
    /// Allocate memory from heap (disabled)
    static void* operator new(size_t s) throw() { (void) s; return NULL; }
    /// Free memory allocated from heap (disabled)
    static void  operator delete(void* p) { (void) p; };
    /// Copy constructor (disabled)
    Heap(const Heap&) {}
    /// Assignment operator (disabled)
    const Heap& operator =(const Heap&) { return *this; }
  };

  /// The single global heap
  extern GECODE_SUPPORT_EXPORT Heap heap;

  /*
   * Wrappers for raw allocation routines
   *
   */
  forceinline void*
  Heap::ralloc(size_t s) {
    void* p = ::malloc(s);
    if (p != NULL)
      return p;
    throw MemoryExhausted();
  }

  forceinline void
  Heap::rfree(void* p) {
    ::free(p);
  }

  forceinline void
  Heap::rfree(void* p, size_t) {
    ::free(p);
  }

  forceinline void*
  Heap::rrealloc(void* p, size_t s) {
    p = ::realloc(p,s);
    if (p != NULL || s == 0)
      return p;
    throw MemoryExhausted();
  }


  /*
   * Typed allocation routines
   *
   */
  template<class T>
  forceinline T*
  Heap::alloc(long unsigned int n) {
    T* p = static_cast<T*>(ralloc(sizeof(T)*n));
    for (long unsigned int i=n; i--; )
      (void) new (p+i) T();
    return p;
  }
  template<class T>
  forceinline T*
  Heap::alloc(long int n) {
    assert(n >= 0);
    return alloc<T>(static_cast<long unsigned int>(n));
  }
  template<class T>
  forceinline T*
  Heap::alloc(unsigned int n) {
    return alloc<T>(static_cast<long unsigned int>(n));
  }
  template<class T>
  forceinline T*
  Heap::alloc(int n) {
    assert(n >= 0);
    return alloc<T>(static_cast<long unsigned int>(n));
  }

  template<class T>
  forceinline void
  Heap::free(T* b, long unsigned int n) {
    for (long unsigned int i=n; i--; )
      b[i].~T();
    rfree(b);
  }
  template<class T>
  forceinline void
  Heap::free(T* b, long int n) {
    assert(n >= 0);
    free<T>(b, static_cast<long unsigned int>(n));
  }
  template<class T>
  forceinline void
  Heap::free(T* b, unsigned int n) {
    free<T>(b, static_cast<long unsigned int>(n));
  }
  template<class T>
  forceinline void
  Heap::free(T* b, int n) {
    assert(n >= 0);
    free<T>(b, static_cast<long unsigned int>(n));
  }

  template<class T>
  forceinline T*
  Heap::realloc(T* b, long unsigned int n, long unsigned int m) {
    if (n == m)
      return b;
    T* p = static_cast<T*>(ralloc(sizeof(T)*m));
    for (long unsigned int i=std::min(n,m); i--; )
      (void) new (p+i) T(b[i]);
    for (long unsigned int i=n; i<m; i++)
      (void) new (p+i) T();
    free<T>(b,n);
    return p;
  }
  template<class T>
  forceinline T*
  Heap::realloc(T* b, long int n, long int m) {
    assert((n >= 0) && (m >= 0));
    return realloc<T>(b,static_cast<long unsigned int>(n),
                      static_cast<long unsigned int>(m));
  }
  template<class T>
  forceinline T*
  Heap::realloc(T* b, unsigned int n, unsigned int m) {
    return realloc<T>(b,static_cast<long unsigned int>(n),
                      static_cast<long unsigned int>(m));
  }
  template<class T>
  forceinline T*
  Heap::realloc(T* b, int n, int m) {
    assert((n >= 0) && (m >= 0));
    return realloc<T>(b,static_cast<long unsigned int>(n),
                      static_cast<long unsigned int>(m));
  }

#define GECODE_SUPPORT_REALLOC(T)                                       \
  template<>                                                            \
  forceinline T*                                                        \
  Heap::realloc<T>(T* b, long unsigned int, long unsigned int m) {      \
    return static_cast<T*>(rrealloc(b,m*sizeof(T)));                    \
  }                                                                     \
  template<>                                                            \
  forceinline T*                                                        \
  Heap::realloc<T>(T* b, long int n, long int m) {                      \
    assert((n >= 0) && (m >= 0));                                       \
    return realloc<T>(b,static_cast<long unsigned int>(n),              \
                      static_cast<long unsigned int>(m));               \
  }                                                                     \
  template<>                                                            \
  forceinline T*                                                        \
  Heap::realloc<T>(T* b, unsigned int n, unsigned int m) {              \
    return realloc<T>(b,static_cast<long unsigned int>(n),              \
                      static_cast<long unsigned int>(m));               \
  }                                                                     \
  template<>                                                            \
  forceinline T*                                                        \
  Heap::realloc<T>(T* b, int n, int m) {                                \
    assert((n >= 0) && (m >= 0));                                       \
    return realloc<T>(b,static_cast<long unsigned int>(n),              \
                      static_cast<long unsigned int>(m));               \
  }

  GECODE_SUPPORT_REALLOC(bool)
  GECODE_SUPPORT_REALLOC(signed char)
  GECODE_SUPPORT_REALLOC(unsigned char)
  GECODE_SUPPORT_REALLOC(signed short int)
  GECODE_SUPPORT_REALLOC(unsigned short int)
  GECODE_SUPPORT_REALLOC(signed int)
  GECODE_SUPPORT_REALLOC(unsigned int)
  GECODE_SUPPORT_REALLOC(signed long int)
  GECODE_SUPPORT_REALLOC(unsigned long int)
  GECODE_SUPPORT_REALLOC(float)
  GECODE_SUPPORT_REALLOC(double)

#undef GECODE_SUPPORT_REALLOC

  template<class T>
  forceinline T**
  Heap::realloc(T** b, long unsigned int, long unsigned int m) {
    return static_cast<T**>(rrealloc(b,m*sizeof(T*)));
  }
  template<class T>
  forceinline T**
  Heap::realloc(T** b, long int n, long int m) {
    assert((n >= 0) && (m >= 0));
    return realloc<T*>(b,static_cast<long unsigned int>(n),
                       static_cast<long unsigned int>(m));
  }
  template<class T>
  forceinline T**
  Heap::realloc(T** b, unsigned int n, unsigned int m) {
    return realloc<T*>(b,static_cast<long unsigned int>(n),
                       static_cast<long unsigned int>(m));
  }
  template<class T>
  forceinline T**
  Heap::realloc(T** b, int n, int m) {
    assert((n >= 0) && (m >= 0));
    return realloc<T*>(b,static_cast<long unsigned int>(n),
                       static_cast<long unsigned int>(m));
  }

  template<class T>
  forceinline T*
  Heap::copy(T* d, const T* s, long unsigned int n) {
    for (long unsigned int i=n; i--; )
      d[i]=s[i];
    return d;
  }
  template<class T>
  forceinline T*
  Heap::copy(T* d, const T* s, long int n) {
    assert(n >= 0);
    return copy<T>(d,s,static_cast<long unsigned int>(n));
  }
  template<class T>
  forceinline T*
  Heap::copy(T* d, const T* s, unsigned int n) {
    return copy<T>(d,s,static_cast<long unsigned int>(n));
  }
  template<class T>
  forceinline T*
  Heap::copy(T* d, const T* s, int n) {
    assert(n >= 0);
    return copy<T>(d,s,static_cast<long unsigned int>(n));
  }

#define GECODE_SUPPORT_COPY(T)                                  \
  template<>                                                    \
  forceinline T*                                                \
  Heap::copy(T* d, const T* s, long unsigned int n) {           \
    return static_cast<T*>(memcpy(d,s,n*sizeof(T)));            \
  }                                                             \
  template<>                                                    \
  forceinline T*                                                \
  Heap::copy(T* d, const T* s, long int n) {                    \
    assert(n >= 0);                                             \
    return copy<T>(d,s,static_cast<long unsigned int>(n));      \
  }                                                             \
  template<>                                                    \
  forceinline T*                                                \
  Heap::copy(T* d, const T* s, unsigned int n) {                \
    return copy<T>(d,s,static_cast<long unsigned int>(n));      \
  }                                                             \
  template<>                                                    \
  forceinline T*                                                \
  Heap::copy(T* d, const T* s, int n) {                         \
    assert(n >= 0);                                             \
    return copy<T>(d,s,static_cast<long unsigned int>(n));      \
  }

  GECODE_SUPPORT_COPY(bool)
  GECODE_SUPPORT_COPY(signed char)
  GECODE_SUPPORT_COPY(unsigned char)
  GECODE_SUPPORT_COPY(signed short int)
  GECODE_SUPPORT_COPY(unsigned short int)
  GECODE_SUPPORT_COPY(signed int)
  GECODE_SUPPORT_COPY(unsigned int)
  GECODE_SUPPORT_COPY(signed long int)
  GECODE_SUPPORT_COPY(unsigned long int)
  GECODE_SUPPORT_COPY(float)
  GECODE_SUPPORT_COPY(double)

#undef GECODE_SUPPORT_COPY

  template<class T>
  forceinline T**
  Heap::copy(T** d, const T** s, long unsigned int n) {
    return static_cast<T**>(memcpy(d,s,n*sizeof(T*)));
  }
  template<class T>
  forceinline T**
  Heap::copy(T** d, const T** s, long int n) {
    assert(n >= 0);
    return copy<T*>(d,s,static_cast<long unsigned int>(n));
  }
  template<class T>
  forceinline T**
  Heap::copy(T** d, const T** s, unsigned int n) {
    return copy<T*>(d,s,static_cast<long unsigned int>(n));
  }
  template<class T>
  forceinline T**
  Heap::copy(T** d, const T** s, int n) {
    assert(n >= 0);
    return copy<T*>(d,s,static_cast<long unsigned int>(n));
  }

}

// STATISTICS: support-any