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# Circular Buffer
A circular buffer, cyclic buffer or ring buffer is a data structure that
uses a single, fixed-size buffer as if it were connected end-to-end.
A circular buffer first starts empty and of some predefined length. For
example, this is a 7-element buffer:
[ ][ ][ ][ ][ ][ ][ ]
Assume that a 1 is written into the middle of the buffer (exact starting
location does not matter in a circular buffer):
[ ][ ][ ][1][ ][ ][ ]
Then assume that two more elements are added — 2 & 3 — which get
appended after the 1:
[ ][ ][ ][1][2][3][ ]
If two elements are then removed from the buffer, the oldest values
inside the buffer are removed. The two elements removed, in this case,
are 1 & 2, leaving the buffer with just a 3:
[ ][ ][ ][ ][ ][3][ ]
If the buffer has 7 elements then it is completely full:
[6][7][8][9][3][4][5]
When the buffer is full an error will be raised, alerting the client
that further writes are blocked until a slot becomes free.
The client can opt to overwrite the oldest data with a forced write. In
this case, two more elements — A & B — are added and they overwrite the
3 & 4:
[6][7][8][9][A][B][5]
Finally, if two elements are now removed then what would be returned is
not 3 & 4 but 5 & 6 because A & B overwrote the 3 & the 4 yielding the
buffer with:
[ ][7][8][9][A][B][ ]
* * * *
For installation and learning resources, refer to the [exercism help page][].
[exercism help page]: http://exercism.io/languages/lfe
To run the provided tests, you will need `make`.
Open a terminal window and run the following from the exercise directory:
```sh
make test
```
You should now be able to see the results of the test suite for the exercise.
## Source
Wikipedia [http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer](http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Circular_buffer)
## Submitting Incomplete Solutions
It's possible to submit an incomplete solution so you can see how others have completed the exercise.
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