/*
 *
 * Copyright 2015, Google Inc.
 * All rights reserved.
 *
 * Redistribution and use in source and binary forms, with or without
 * modification, are permitted provided that the following conditions are
 * met:
 *
 *     * Redistributions of source code must retain the above copyright
 * notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer.
 *     * Redistributions in binary form must reproduce the above
 * copyright notice, this list of conditions and the following disclaimer
 * in the documentation and/or other materials provided with the
 * distribution.
 *     * Neither the name of Google Inc. nor the names of its
 * contributors may be used to endorse or promote products derived from
 * this software without specific prior written permission.
 *
 * THIS SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED BY THE COPYRIGHT HOLDERS AND CONTRIBUTORS
 * "AS IS" AND ANY EXPRESS OR IMPLIED WARRANTIES, INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, THE IMPLIED WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY AND FITNESS FOR
 * A PARTICULAR PURPOSE ARE DISCLAIMED. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE COPYRIGHT
 * OWNER OR CONTRIBUTORS BE LIABLE FOR ANY DIRECT, INDIRECT, INCIDENTAL,
 * SPECIAL, EXEMPLARY, OR CONSEQUENTIAL DAMAGES (INCLUDING, BUT NOT
 * LIMITED TO, PROCUREMENT OF SUBSTITUTE GOODS OR SERVICES; LOSS OF USE,
 * DATA, OR PROFITS; OR BUSINESS INTERRUPTION) HOWEVER CAUSED AND ON ANY
 * THEORY OF LIABILITY, WHETHER IN CONTRACT, STRICT LIABILITY, OR TORT
 * (INCLUDING NEGLIGENCE OR OTHERWISE) ARISING IN ANY WAY OUT OF THE USE
 * OF THIS SOFTWARE, EVEN IF ADVISED OF THE POSSIBILITY OF SUCH DAMAGE.
 *
 */

#include <grpc/support/port_platform.h>

#ifdef GPR_POSIX_SOCKET

#include "src/core/iomgr/fd_posix.h"

#include <assert.h>
#include <sys/socket.h>
#include <unistd.h>

#include <grpc/support/alloc.h>
#include <grpc/support/log.h>
#include <grpc/support/string_util.h>
#include <grpc/support/useful.h>

#define CLOSURE_NOT_READY ((grpc_closure *)0)
#define CLOSURE_READY ((grpc_closure *)1)

/* We need to keep a freelist not because of any concerns of malloc performance
 * but instead so that implementations with multiple threads in (for example)
 * epoll_wait deal with the race between pollset removal and incoming poll
 * notifications.
 *
 * The problem is that the poller ultimately holds a reference to this
 * object, so it is very difficult to know when is safe to free it, at least
 * without some expensive synchronization.
 *
 * If we keep the object freelisted, in the worst case losing this race just
 * becomes a spurious read notification on a reused fd.
 */
/* TODO(klempner): We could use some form of polling generation count to know
 * when these are safe to free. */
/* TODO(klempner): Consider disabling freelisting if we don't have multiple
 * threads in poll on the same fd */
/* TODO(klempner): Batch these allocations to reduce fragmentation */
static grpc_fd *fd_freelist = NULL;
static gpr_mu fd_freelist_mu;

static void freelist_fd(grpc_fd *fd) {
  gpr_mu_lock(&fd_freelist_mu);
  fd->freelist_next = fd_freelist;
  fd_freelist = fd;
  grpc_iomgr_unregister_object(&fd->iomgr_object);
  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd_freelist_mu);
}

static grpc_fd *alloc_fd(int fd) {
  grpc_fd *r = NULL;
  gpr_mu_lock(&fd_freelist_mu);
  if (fd_freelist != NULL) {
    r = fd_freelist;
    fd_freelist = fd_freelist->freelist_next;
  }
  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd_freelist_mu);
  if (r == NULL) {
    r = gpr_malloc(sizeof(grpc_fd));
    gpr_mu_init(&r->mu);
  }

  gpr_atm_rel_store(&r->refst, 1);
  r->shutdown = 0;
  r->read_closure = CLOSURE_NOT_READY;
  r->write_closure = CLOSURE_NOT_READY;
  r->fd = fd;
  r->inactive_watcher_root.next = r->inactive_watcher_root.prev =
      &r->inactive_watcher_root;
  r->freelist_next = NULL;
  r->read_watcher = r->write_watcher = NULL;
  r->on_done_closure = NULL;
  r->closed = 0;
  return r;
}

static void destroy(grpc_fd *fd) {
  gpr_mu_destroy(&fd->mu);
  gpr_free(fd);
}

#ifdef GRPC_FD_REF_COUNT_DEBUG
#define REF_BY(fd, n, reason) ref_by(fd, n, reason, __FILE__, __LINE__)
#define UNREF_BY(fd, n, reason) unref_by(fd, n, reason, __FILE__, __LINE__)
static void ref_by(grpc_fd *fd, int n, const char *reason, const char *file,
                   int line) {
  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "FD %d %p   ref %d %d -> %d [%s; %s:%d]", fd->fd, fd, n,
          gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&fd->refst),
          gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&fd->refst) + n, reason, file, line);
#else
#define REF_BY(fd, n, reason) ref_by(fd, n)
#define UNREF_BY(fd, n, reason) unref_by(fd, n)
static void ref_by(grpc_fd *fd, int n) {
#endif
  GPR_ASSERT(gpr_atm_no_barrier_fetch_add(&fd->refst, n) > 0);
}

#ifdef GRPC_FD_REF_COUNT_DEBUG
static void unref_by(grpc_fd *fd, int n, const char *reason, const char *file,
                     int line) {
  gpr_atm old;
  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "FD %d %p unref %d %d -> %d [%s; %s:%d]", fd->fd, fd, n,
          gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&fd->refst),
          gpr_atm_no_barrier_load(&fd->refst) - n, reason, file, line);
#else
static void unref_by(grpc_fd *fd, int n) {
  gpr_atm old;
#endif
  old = gpr_atm_full_fetch_add(&fd->refst, -n);
  if (old == n) {
    freelist_fd(fd);
  } else {
    GPR_ASSERT(old > n);
  }
}

void grpc_fd_global_init(void) { gpr_mu_init(&fd_freelist_mu); }

void grpc_fd_global_shutdown(void) {
  gpr_mu_lock(&fd_freelist_mu);
  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd_freelist_mu);
  while (fd_freelist != NULL) {
    grpc_fd *fd = fd_freelist;
    fd_freelist = fd_freelist->freelist_next;
    destroy(fd);
  }
  gpr_mu_destroy(&fd_freelist_mu);
}

grpc_fd *grpc_fd_create(int fd, const char *name) {
  grpc_fd *r = alloc_fd(fd);
  char *name2;
  gpr_asprintf(&name2, "%s fd=%d", name, fd);
  grpc_iomgr_register_object(&r->iomgr_object, name2);
  gpr_free(name2);
#ifdef GRPC_FD_REF_COUNT_DEBUG
  gpr_log(GPR_DEBUG, "FD %d %p create %s", fd, r, name);
#endif
  return r;
}

int grpc_fd_is_orphaned(grpc_fd *fd) {
  return (gpr_atm_acq_load(&fd->refst) & 1) == 0;
}

static void pollset_kick_locked(grpc_fd_watcher *watcher) {
  gpr_mu_lock(GRPC_POLLSET_MU(watcher->pollset));
  GPR_ASSERT(watcher->worker);
  grpc_pollset_kick_ext(watcher->pollset, watcher->worker,
                        GRPC_POLLSET_REEVALUATE_POLLING_ON_WAKEUP);
  gpr_mu_unlock(GRPC_POLLSET_MU(watcher->pollset));
}

static void maybe_wake_one_watcher_locked(grpc_fd *fd) {
  if (fd->inactive_watcher_root.next != &fd->inactive_watcher_root) {
    pollset_kick_locked(fd->inactive_watcher_root.next);
  } else if (fd->read_watcher) {
    pollset_kick_locked(fd->read_watcher);
  } else if (fd->write_watcher) {
    pollset_kick_locked(fd->write_watcher);
  }
}

static void wake_all_watchers_locked(grpc_fd *fd) {
  grpc_fd_watcher *watcher;
  for (watcher = fd->inactive_watcher_root.next;
       watcher != &fd->inactive_watcher_root; watcher = watcher->next) {
    pollset_kick_locked(watcher);
  }
  if (fd->read_watcher) {
    pollset_kick_locked(fd->read_watcher);
  }
  if (fd->write_watcher && fd->write_watcher != fd->read_watcher) {
    pollset_kick_locked(fd->write_watcher);
  }
}

static int has_watchers(grpc_fd *fd) {
  return fd->read_watcher != NULL || fd->write_watcher != NULL ||
         fd->inactive_watcher_root.next != &fd->inactive_watcher_root;
}

void grpc_fd_orphan(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_fd *fd, grpc_closure *on_done,
                    int *release_fd, const char *reason) {
  fd->on_done_closure = on_done;
  fd->released = release_fd != NULL;
  if (!fd->released) {
    shutdown(fd->fd, SHUT_RDWR);
  } else {
    *release_fd = fd->fd;
  }
  gpr_mu_lock(&fd->mu);
  REF_BY(fd, 1, reason); /* remove active status, but keep referenced */
  if (!has_watchers(fd)) {
    fd->closed = 1;
    if (!fd->released) {
      close(fd->fd);
    }
    grpc_exec_ctx_enqueue(exec_ctx, fd->on_done_closure, 1);
  } else {
    wake_all_watchers_locked(fd);
  }
  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->mu);
  UNREF_BY(fd, 2, reason); /* drop the reference */
}

/* increment refcount by two to avoid changing the orphan bit */
#ifdef GRPC_FD_REF_COUNT_DEBUG
void grpc_fd_ref(grpc_fd *fd, const char *reason, const char *file, int line) {
  ref_by(fd, 2, reason, file, line);
}

void grpc_fd_unref(grpc_fd *fd, const char *reason, const char *file,
                   int line) {
  unref_by(fd, 2, reason, file, line);
}
#else
void grpc_fd_ref(grpc_fd *fd) { ref_by(fd, 2); }

void grpc_fd_unref(grpc_fd *fd) { unref_by(fd, 2); }
#endif

static void notify_on_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_fd *fd,
                             grpc_closure **st, grpc_closure *closure) {
  if (*st == CLOSURE_NOT_READY) {
    /* not ready ==> switch to a waiting state by setting the closure */
    *st = closure;
  } else if (*st == CLOSURE_READY) {
    /* already ready ==> queue the closure to run immediately */
    *st = CLOSURE_NOT_READY;
    grpc_exec_ctx_enqueue(exec_ctx, closure, !fd->shutdown);
    maybe_wake_one_watcher_locked(fd);
  } else {
    /* upcallptr was set to a different closure.  This is an error! */
    gpr_log(GPR_ERROR,
            "User called a notify_on function with a previous callback still "
            "pending");
    abort();
  }
}

/* returns 1 if state becomes not ready */
static int set_ready_locked(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_fd *fd,
                            grpc_closure **st) {
  if (*st == CLOSURE_READY) {
    /* duplicate ready ==> ignore */
    return 0;
  } else if (*st == CLOSURE_NOT_READY) {
    /* not ready, and not waiting ==> flag ready */
    *st = CLOSURE_READY;
    return 0;
  } else {
    /* waiting ==> queue closure */
    grpc_exec_ctx_enqueue(exec_ctx, *st, !fd->shutdown);
    *st = CLOSURE_NOT_READY;
    return 1;
  }
}

static void set_ready(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_fd *fd, grpc_closure **st) {
  /* only one set_ready can be active at once (but there may be a racing
     notify_on) */
  gpr_mu_lock(&fd->mu);
  set_ready_locked(exec_ctx, fd, st);
  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->mu);
}

void grpc_fd_shutdown(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_fd *fd) {
  gpr_mu_lock(&fd->mu);
  GPR_ASSERT(!fd->shutdown);
  fd->shutdown = 1;
  set_ready_locked(exec_ctx, fd, &fd->read_closure);
  set_ready_locked(exec_ctx, fd, &fd->write_closure);
  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->mu);
}

void grpc_fd_notify_on_read(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_fd *fd,
                            grpc_closure *closure) {
  gpr_mu_lock(&fd->mu);
  notify_on_locked(exec_ctx, fd, &fd->read_closure, closure);
  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->mu);
}

void grpc_fd_notify_on_write(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_fd *fd,
                             grpc_closure *closure) {
  gpr_mu_lock(&fd->mu);
  notify_on_locked(exec_ctx, fd, &fd->write_closure, closure);
  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->mu);
}

gpr_uint32 grpc_fd_begin_poll(grpc_fd *fd, grpc_pollset *pollset,
                              grpc_pollset_worker *worker, gpr_uint32 read_mask,
                              gpr_uint32 write_mask, grpc_fd_watcher *watcher) {
  gpr_uint32 mask = 0;
  grpc_closure *cur;
  int requested;
  /* keep track of pollers that have requested our events, in case they change
   */
  GRPC_FD_REF(fd, "poll");

  gpr_mu_lock(&fd->mu);

  /* if we are shutdown, then don't add to the watcher set */
  if (fd->shutdown) {
    watcher->fd = NULL;
    watcher->pollset = NULL;
    watcher->worker = NULL;
    gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->mu);
    GRPC_FD_UNREF(fd, "poll");
    return 0;
  }

  /* if there is nobody polling for read, but we need to, then start doing so */
  cur = fd->read_closure;
  requested = cur != CLOSURE_READY;
  if (read_mask && fd->read_watcher == NULL && requested) {
    fd->read_watcher = watcher;
    mask |= read_mask;
  }
  /* if there is nobody polling for write, but we need to, then start doing so
   */
  cur = fd->write_closure;
  requested = cur != CLOSURE_READY;
  if (write_mask && fd->write_watcher == NULL && requested) {
    fd->write_watcher = watcher;
    mask |= write_mask;
  }
  /* if not polling, remember this watcher in case we need someone to later */
  if (mask == 0 && worker != NULL) {
    watcher->next = &fd->inactive_watcher_root;
    watcher->prev = watcher->next->prev;
    watcher->next->prev = watcher->prev->next = watcher;
  }
  watcher->pollset = pollset;
  watcher->worker = worker;
  watcher->fd = fd;
  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->mu);

  return mask;
}

void grpc_fd_end_poll(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_fd_watcher *watcher,
                      int got_read, int got_write) {
  int was_polling = 0;
  int kick = 0;
  grpc_fd *fd = watcher->fd;

  if (fd == NULL) {
    return;
  }

  gpr_mu_lock(&fd->mu);

  if (watcher == fd->read_watcher) {
    /* remove read watcher, kick if we still need a read */
    was_polling = 1;
    if (!got_read) {
      kick = 1;
    }
    fd->read_watcher = NULL;
  }
  if (watcher == fd->write_watcher) {
    /* remove write watcher, kick if we still need a write */
    was_polling = 1;
    if (!got_write) {
      kick = 1;
    }
    fd->write_watcher = NULL;
  }
  if (!was_polling && watcher->worker != NULL) {
    /* remove from inactive list */
    watcher->next->prev = watcher->prev;
    watcher->prev->next = watcher->next;
  }
  if (got_read) {
    if (set_ready_locked(exec_ctx, fd, &fd->read_closure)) {
      kick = 1;
    }
  }
  if (got_write) {
    if (set_ready_locked(exec_ctx, fd, &fd->write_closure)) {
      kick = 1;
    }
  }
  if (kick) {
    maybe_wake_one_watcher_locked(fd);
  }
  if (grpc_fd_is_orphaned(fd) && !has_watchers(fd) && !fd->closed) {
    fd->closed = 1;
    if (!fd->released) {
      close(fd->fd);
    }
    grpc_exec_ctx_enqueue(exec_ctx, fd->on_done_closure, 1);
  }
  gpr_mu_unlock(&fd->mu);

  GRPC_FD_UNREF(fd, "poll");
}

void grpc_fd_become_readable(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_fd *fd) {
  set_ready(exec_ctx, fd, &fd->read_closure);
}

void grpc_fd_become_writable(grpc_exec_ctx *exec_ctx, grpc_fd *fd) {
  set_ready(exec_ctx, fd, &fd->write_closure);
}

#endif