use alloc::sync::Arc;
use core::{
    cell::UnsafeCell,
    convert::identity,
    fmt,
    marker::PhantomData,
    num::NonZeroUsize,
    pin::Pin,
    sync::atomic::{AtomicU8, Ordering},
};

use pin_project_lite::pin_project;

use futures_core::{
    future::Future,
    ready,
    stream::{FusedStream, Stream},
    task::{Context, Poll, Waker},
};
#[cfg(feature = "sink")]
use futures_sink::Sink;
use futures_task::{waker, ArcWake};

use crate::stream::FuturesUnordered;

/// Stream for the [`flatten_unordered`](super::StreamExt::flatten_unordered)
/// method.
pub type FlattenUnordered<St> = FlattenUnorderedWithFlowController<St, ()>;

/// There is nothing to poll and stream isn't being polled/waking/woken at the moment.
const NONE: u8 = 0;

/// Inner streams need to be polled.
const NEED_TO_POLL_INNER_STREAMS: u8 = 1;

/// The base stream needs to be polled.
const NEED_TO_POLL_STREAM: u8 = 0b10;

/// Both base stream and inner streams need to be polled.
const NEED_TO_POLL_ALL: u8 = NEED_TO_POLL_INNER_STREAMS | NEED_TO_POLL_STREAM;

/// The current stream is being polled at the moment.
const POLLING: u8 = 0b100;

/// Stream is being woken at the moment.
const WAKING: u8 = 0b1000;

/// The stream was waked and will be polled.
const WOKEN: u8 = 0b10000;

/// Internal polling state of the stream.
#[derive(Clone, Debug)]
struct SharedPollState {
    state: Arc<AtomicU8>,
}

impl SharedPollState {
    /// Constructs new `SharedPollState` with the given state.
    fn new(value: u8) -> Self {
        Self { state: Arc::new(AtomicU8::new(value)) }
    }

    /// Attempts to start polling, returning stored state in case of success.
    /// Returns `None` if either waker is waking at the moment.
    fn start_polling(&self) -> Option<(u8, PollStateBomb<'_, impl FnOnce(&Self) -> u8>)> {
        let value = self
            .state
            .fetch_update(Ordering::SeqCst, Ordering::SeqCst, |value| {
                if value & WAKING == NONE {
                    Some(POLLING)
                } else {
                    None
                }
            })
            .ok()?;
        let bomb = PollStateBomb::new(self, Self::reset);

        Some((value, bomb))
    }

    /// Attempts to start the waking process and performs bitwise or with the given value.
    ///
    /// If some waker is already in progress or stream is already woken/being polled, waking process won't start, however
    /// state will be disjuncted with the given value.
    fn start_waking(
        &self,
        to_poll: u8,
    ) -> Option<(u8, PollStateBomb<'_, impl FnOnce(&Self) -> u8>)> {
        let value = self
            .state
            .fetch_update(Ordering::SeqCst, Ordering::SeqCst, |value| {
                let mut next_value = value | to_poll;
                if value & (WOKEN | POLLING) == NONE {
                    next_value |= WAKING;
                }

                if next_value != value {
                    Some(next_value)
                } else {
                    None
                }
            })
            .ok()?;

        // Only start the waking process if we're not in the polling/waking phase and the stream isn't woken already
        if value & (WOKEN | POLLING | WAKING) == NONE {
            let bomb = PollStateBomb::new(self, Self::stop_waking);

            Some((value, bomb))
        } else {
            None
        }
    }

    /// Sets current state to
    /// - `!POLLING` allowing to use wakers
    /// - `WOKEN` if the state was changed during `POLLING` phase as waker will be called,
    ///   or `will_be_woken` flag supplied
    /// - `!WAKING` as
    ///   * Wakers called during the `POLLING` phase won't propagate their calls
    ///   * `POLLING` phase can't start if some of the wakers are active
    ///     So no wrapped waker can touch the inner waker's cell, it's safe to poll again.
    fn stop_polling(&self, to_poll: u8, will_be_woken: bool) -> u8 {
        self.state
            .fetch_update(Ordering::SeqCst, Ordering::SeqCst, |mut value| {
                let mut next_value = to_poll;

                value &= NEED_TO_POLL_ALL;
                if value != NONE || will_be_woken {
                    next_value |= WOKEN;
                }
                next_value |= value;

                Some(next_value & !POLLING & !WAKING)
            })
            .unwrap()
    }

    /// Toggles state to non-waking, allowing to start polling.
    fn stop_waking(&self) -> u8 {
        let value = self
            .state
            .fetch_update(Ordering::SeqCst, Ordering::SeqCst, |value| {
                let next_value = value & !WAKING | WOKEN;

                if next_value != value {
                    Some(next_value)
                } else {
                    None
                }
            })
            .unwrap_or_else(identity);

        debug_assert!(value & (WOKEN | POLLING | WAKING) == WAKING);
        value
    }

    /// Resets current state allowing to poll the stream and wake up wakers.
    fn reset(&self) -> u8 {
        self.state.swap(NEED_TO_POLL_ALL, Ordering::SeqCst)
    }
}

/// Used to execute some function on the given state when dropped.
struct PollStateBomb<'a, F: FnOnce(&SharedPollState) -> u8> {
    state: &'a SharedPollState,
    drop: Option<F>,
}

impl<'a, F: FnOnce(&SharedPollState) -> u8> PollStateBomb<'a, F> {
    /// Constructs new bomb with the given state.
    fn new(state: &'a SharedPollState, drop: F) -> Self {
        Self { state, drop: Some(drop) }
    }

    /// Deactivates bomb, forces it to not call provided function when dropped.
    fn deactivate(mut self) {
        self.drop.take();
    }
}

impl<F: FnOnce(&SharedPollState) -> u8> Drop for PollStateBomb<'_, F> {
    fn drop(&mut self) {
        if let Some(drop) = self.drop.take() {
            (drop)(self.state);
        }
    }
}

/// Will update state with the provided value on `wake_by_ref` call
/// and then, if there is a need, call `inner_waker`.
struct WrappedWaker {
    inner_waker: UnsafeCell<Option<Waker>>,
    poll_state: SharedPollState,
    need_to_poll: u8,
}

unsafe impl Send for WrappedWaker {}
unsafe impl Sync for WrappedWaker {}

impl WrappedWaker {
    /// Replaces given waker's inner_waker for polling stream/futures which will
    /// update poll state on `wake_by_ref` call. Use only if you need several
    /// contexts.
    ///
    /// ## Safety
    ///
    /// This function will modify waker's `inner_waker` via `UnsafeCell`, so
    /// it should be used only during `POLLING` phase by one thread at the time.
    unsafe fn replace_waker(self_arc: &mut Arc<Self>, cx: &Context<'_>) {
        unsafe { *self_arc.inner_waker.get() = cx.waker().clone().into() }
    }

    /// Attempts to start the waking process for the waker with the given value.
    /// If succeeded, then the stream isn't yet woken and not being polled at the moment.
    fn start_waking(&self) -> Option<(u8, PollStateBomb<'_, impl FnOnce(&SharedPollState) -> u8>)> {
        self.poll_state.start_waking(self.need_to_poll)
    }
}

impl ArcWake for WrappedWaker {
    fn wake_by_ref(self_arc: &Arc<Self>) {
        if let Some((_, state_bomb)) = self_arc.start_waking() {
            // Safety: now state is not `POLLING`
            let waker_opt = unsafe { self_arc.inner_waker.get().as_ref().unwrap() };

            if let Some(inner_waker) = waker_opt.clone() {
                // Stop waking to allow polling stream
                drop(state_bomb);

                // Wake up inner waker
                inner_waker.wake();
            }
        }
    }
}

pin_project! {
    /// Future which polls optional inner stream.
    ///
    /// If it's `Some`, it will attempt to call `poll_next` on it,
    /// returning `Some((item, next_item_fut))` in case of `Poll::Ready(Some(...))`
    /// or `None` in case of `Poll::Ready(None)`.
    ///
    /// If `poll_next` will return `Poll::Pending`, it will be forwarded to
    /// the future and current task will be notified by waker.
    #[must_use = "futures do nothing unless you `.await` or poll them"]
    struct PollStreamFut<St> {
        #[pin]
        stream: Option<St>,
    }
}

impl<St> PollStreamFut<St> {
    /// Constructs new `PollStreamFut` using given `stream`.
    fn new(stream: impl Into<Option<St>>) -> Self {
        Self { stream: stream.into() }
    }
}

impl<St: Stream + Unpin> Future for PollStreamFut<St> {
    type Output = Option<(St::Item, Self)>;

    fn poll(self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Self::Output> {
        let mut stream = self.project().stream;

        let item = if let Some(stream) = stream.as_mut().as_pin_mut() {
            ready!(stream.poll_next(cx))
        } else {
            None
        };
        let next_item_fut = Self::new(stream.get_mut().take());
        let out = item.map(|item| (item, next_item_fut));

        Poll::Ready(out)
    }
}

pin_project! {
    /// Stream for the [`flatten_unordered`](super::StreamExt::flatten_unordered)
    /// method with ability to specify flow controller.
    #[project = FlattenUnorderedWithFlowControllerProj]
    #[must_use = "streams do nothing unless polled"]
    pub struct FlattenUnorderedWithFlowController<St, Fc> where St: Stream {
        #[pin]
        inner_streams: FuturesUnordered<PollStreamFut<St::Item>>,
        #[pin]
        stream: St,
        poll_state: SharedPollState,
        limit: Option<NonZeroUsize>,
        is_stream_done: bool,
        inner_streams_waker: Arc<WrappedWaker>,
        stream_waker: Arc<WrappedWaker>,
        flow_controller: PhantomData<Fc>
    }
}

impl<St, Fc> fmt::Debug for FlattenUnorderedWithFlowController<St, Fc>
where
    St: Stream + fmt::Debug,
    St::Item: Stream + fmt::Debug,
{
    fn fmt(&self, f: &mut fmt::Formatter<'_>) -> fmt::Result {
        f.debug_struct("FlattenUnorderedWithFlowController")
            .field("poll_state", &self.poll_state)
            .field("inner_streams", &self.inner_streams)
            .field("limit", &self.limit)
            .field("stream", &self.stream)
            .field("is_stream_done", &self.is_stream_done)
            .field("flow_controller", &self.flow_controller)
            .finish()
    }
}

impl<St, Fc> FlattenUnorderedWithFlowController<St, Fc>
where
    St: Stream,
    Fc: FlowController<St::Item, <St::Item as Stream>::Item>,
    St::Item: Stream + Unpin,
{
    pub(crate) fn new(stream: St, limit: Option<usize>) -> Self {
        let poll_state = SharedPollState::new(NEED_TO_POLL_STREAM);

        Self {
            inner_streams: FuturesUnordered::new(),
            stream,
            is_stream_done: false,
            limit: limit.and_then(NonZeroUsize::new),
            inner_streams_waker: Arc::new(WrappedWaker {
                inner_waker: UnsafeCell::new(None),
                poll_state: poll_state.clone(),
                need_to_poll: NEED_TO_POLL_INNER_STREAMS,
            }),
            stream_waker: Arc::new(WrappedWaker {
                inner_waker: UnsafeCell::new(None),
                poll_state: poll_state.clone(),
                need_to_poll: NEED_TO_POLL_STREAM,
            }),
            poll_state,
            flow_controller: PhantomData,
        }
    }

    delegate_access_inner!(stream, St, ());
}

/// Returns the next flow step based on the received item.
pub trait FlowController<I, O> {
    /// Handles an item producing `FlowStep` describing the next flow step.
    fn next_step(item: I) -> FlowStep<I, O>;
}

impl<I, O> FlowController<I, O> for () {
    fn next_step(item: I) -> FlowStep<I, O> {
        FlowStep::Continue(item)
    }
}

/// Describes the next flow step.
#[derive(Debug, Clone)]
pub enum FlowStep<C, R> {
    /// Just yields an item and continues standard flow.
    Continue(C),
    /// Immediately returns an underlying item from the function.
    Return(R),
}

impl<St, Fc> FlattenUnorderedWithFlowControllerProj<'_, St, Fc>
where
    St: Stream,
{
    /// Checks if current `inner_streams` bucket size is greater than optional limit.
    fn is_exceeded_limit(&self) -> bool {
        self.limit.map_or(false, |limit| self.inner_streams.len() >= limit.get())
    }
}

impl<St, Fc> FusedStream for FlattenUnorderedWithFlowController<St, Fc>
where
    St: FusedStream,
    Fc: FlowController<St::Item, <St::Item as Stream>::Item>,
    St::Item: Stream + Unpin,
{
    fn is_terminated(&self) -> bool {
        self.stream.is_terminated() && self.inner_streams.is_empty()
    }
}

impl<St, Fc> Stream for FlattenUnorderedWithFlowController<St, Fc>
where
    St: Stream,
    Fc: FlowController<St::Item, <St::Item as Stream>::Item>,
    St::Item: Stream + Unpin,
{
    type Item = <St::Item as Stream>::Item;

    fn poll_next(mut self: Pin<&mut Self>, cx: &mut Context<'_>) -> Poll<Option<Self::Item>> {
        let mut next_item = None;
        let mut need_to_poll_next = NONE;

        let mut this = self.as_mut().project();

        // Attempt to start polling, in case some waker is holding the lock, wait in loop
        let (mut poll_state_value, state_bomb) = loop {
            if let Some(value) = this.poll_state.start_polling() {
                break value;
            }
        };

        // Safety: now state is `POLLING`.
        unsafe {
            WrappedWaker::replace_waker(this.stream_waker, cx);
            WrappedWaker::replace_waker(this.inner_streams_waker, cx)
        };

        if poll_state_value & NEED_TO_POLL_STREAM != NONE {
            let mut stream_waker = None;

            // Here we need to poll the base stream.
            //
            // To improve performance, we will attempt to place as many items as we can
            // to the `FuturesUnordered` bucket before polling inner streams
            loop {
                if this.is_exceeded_limit() || *this.is_stream_done {
                    // We either exceeded the limit or the stream is exhausted
                    if !*this.is_stream_done {
                        // The stream needs to be polled in the next iteration
                        need_to_poll_next |= NEED_TO_POLL_STREAM;
                    }

                    break;
                } else {
                    let mut cx = Context::from_waker(
                        stream_waker.get_or_insert_with(|| waker(this.stream_waker.clone())),
                    );

                    match this.stream.as_mut().poll_next(&mut cx) {
                        Poll::Ready(Some(item)) => {
                            let next_item_fut = match Fc::next_step(item) {
                                // Propagates an item immediately (the main use-case is for errors)
                                FlowStep::Return(item) => {
                                    need_to_poll_next |= NEED_TO_POLL_STREAM
                                        | (poll_state_value & NEED_TO_POLL_INNER_STREAMS);
                                    poll_state_value &= !NEED_TO_POLL_INNER_STREAMS;

                                    next_item = Some(item);

                                    break;
                                }
                                // Yields an item and continues processing (normal case)
                                FlowStep::Continue(inner_stream) => {
                                    PollStreamFut::new(inner_stream)
                                }
                            };
                            // Add new stream to the inner streams bucket
                            this.inner_streams.as_mut().push(next_item_fut);
                            // Inner streams must be polled afterward
                            poll_state_value |= NEED_TO_POLL_INNER_STREAMS;
                        }
                        Poll::Ready(None) => {
                            // Mark the base stream as done
                            *this.is_stream_done = true;
                        }
                        Poll::Pending => {
                            break;
                        }
                    }
                }
            }
        }

        if poll_state_value & NEED_TO_POLL_INNER_STREAMS != NONE {
            let inner_streams_waker = waker(this.inner_streams_waker.clone());
            let mut cx = Context::from_waker(&inner_streams_waker);

            match this.inner_streams.as_mut().poll_next(&mut cx) {
                Poll::Ready(Some(Some((item, next_item_fut)))) => {
                    // Push next inner stream item future to the list of inner streams futures
                    this.inner_streams.as_mut().push(next_item_fut);
                    // Take the received item
                    next_item = Some(item);
                    // On the next iteration, inner streams must be polled again
                    need_to_poll_next |= NEED_TO_POLL_INNER_STREAMS;
                }
                Poll::Ready(Some(None)) => {
                    // On the next iteration, inner streams must be polled again
                    need_to_poll_next |= NEED_TO_POLL_INNER_STREAMS;
                }
                _ => {}
            }
        }

        // We didn't have any `poll_next` panic, so it's time to deactivate the bomb
        state_bomb.deactivate();

        // Call the waker at the end of polling if
        let mut force_wake =
            // we need to poll the stream and didn't reach the limit yet
            need_to_poll_next & NEED_TO_POLL_STREAM != NONE && !this.is_exceeded_limit()
            // or we need to poll the inner streams again
            || need_to_poll_next & NEED_TO_POLL_INNER_STREAMS != NONE;

        // Stop polling and swap the latest state
        poll_state_value = this.poll_state.stop_polling(need_to_poll_next, force_wake);
        // If state was changed during `POLLING` phase, we also need to manually call a waker
        force_wake |= poll_state_value & NEED_TO_POLL_ALL != NONE;

        let is_done = *this.is_stream_done && this.inner_streams.is_empty();

        if next_item.is_some() || is_done {
            Poll::Ready(next_item)
        } else {
            if force_wake {
                cx.waker().wake_by_ref();
            }

            Poll::Pending
        }
    }
}

// Forwarding impl of Sink from the underlying stream
#[cfg(feature = "sink")]
impl<St, Item, Fc> Sink<Item> for FlattenUnorderedWithFlowController<St, Fc>
where
    St: Stream + Sink<Item>,
{
    type Error = St::Error;

    delegate_sink!(stream, Item);
}