<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8"?>
<SPDXLicenseCollection xmlns="http://www.spdx.org/license">
<license licenseId="GFDL-1.3" isOsiApproved="false"
name="GNU Free Documentation License v1.3"
deprecatedVersion="3.0">
<obsoletedBys>
<obsoletedBy>GFDL-1.3-only</obsoletedBy>
<obsoletedBy expression="GFDL-1.3+">GFDL-1.3-or-later</obsoletedBy>
</obsoletedBys>
<crossRefs>
<crossRef>https://www.gnu.org/licenses/fdl-1.3.txt</crossRef>
</crossRefs>
<standardLicenseHeader>
Copyright (c) <alt name="copyright" match=".+">YEAR YOUR NAME</alt>
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this
document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License,
Version 1.3 or any later version published by the Free Software
Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no Front-Cover Texts,
and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included
in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
</standardLicenseHeader>
<text>
<titleText>
<p>
GNU Free Documentation License<br></br>
Version 1.3, 3 November 2008
</p>
</titleText>
<copyrightText>
<p>
Copyright (C) 2000, 2001, 2002, 2007, 2008 Free
Software Foundation, Inc. <http://fsf.org/>
</p>
</copyrightText>
<p>
Everyone is permitted to copy and distribute verbatim copies
of this license document, but changing it is not allowed.
</p>
<list>
<item>
<bullet>0.</bullet>
PREAMBLE
<p>
The purpose of this License is to make a manual, textbook, or
other functional and useful document "free" in the sense of
freedom: to assure everyone the effective freedom to copy and
redistribute it, with or without modifying it, either commercially
or noncommercially. Secondarily, this License preserves for the
author and publisher a way to get credit for their work, while
not being considered responsible for modifications made by others.
</p>
<p>
This License is a kind of "copyleft", which means that
derivative works of the document must themselves be free in
the same sense. It complements the GNU General Public License,
which is a copyleft license designed for free software.
</p>
<p>
We have designed this License in order to use it for manuals for
free software, because free software needs free documentation: a free
program should come with manuals providing the same freedoms that the
software does. But this License is not limited to software manuals;
it can be used for any textual work, regardless of subject matter or
whether it is published as a printed book. We recommend this License
principally for works whose purpose is instruction or reference.
</p>
</item>
<item>
<bullet>1.</bullet>
APPLICABILITY AND DEFINITIONS
<p>
This License applies to any manual or other work, in any medium,
that contains a notice placed by the copyright holder saying
it can be distributed under the terms of this License. Such a
notice grants a world-wide, royalty-free license, unlimited in
duration, to use that work under the conditions stated herein.
The "Document", below, refers to any such manual or work.
Any member of the public is a licensee, and is addressed as
"you". You accept the license if you copy, modify or distribute
the work in a way requiring permission under copyright law.
</p>
<p>
A "Modified Version" of the Document means any work containing
the Document or a portion of it, either copied verbatim, or
with modifications and/or translated into another language.
</p>
<p>
A "Secondary Section" is a named appendix or a front-matter
section of the Document that deals exclusively with the
relationship of the publishers or authors of the Document to the
Document's overall subject (or to related matters) and contains
nothing that could fall directly within that overall subject.
(Thus, if the Document is in part a textbook of mathematics,
a Secondary Section may not explain any mathematics.) The
relationship could be a matter of historical connection with
the subject or with related matters, or of legal, commercial,
philosophical, ethical or political position regarding them.
</p>
<p>
The "Invariant Sections" are certain Secondary Sections whose
titles are designated, as being those of Invariant Sections,
in the notice that says that the Document is released under
this License. If a section does not fit the above definition of
Secondary then it is not allowed to be designated as Invariant.
The Document may contain zero Invariant Sections. If the Document
does not identify any Invariant Sections then there are none.
</p>
<p>
The "Cover Texts" are certain short passages of text that are listed,
as Front-Cover Texts or Back-Cover Texts, in the notice that says that
the Document is released under this License. A Front-Cover Text may
be at most 5 words, and a Back-Cover Text may be at most 25 words.
</p>
<p>
A "Transparent" copy of the Document means a machine-readable
copy, represented in a format whose specification is available
to the general public, that is suitable for revising the document
straightforwardly with generic text editors or (for images composed of
pixels) generic paint programs or (for drawings) some widely available
drawing editor, and that is suitable for input to text formatters or
for automatic translation to a variety of formats suitable for input
to text formatters. A copy made in an otherwise Transparent file
format whose markup, or absence of markup, has been arranged to thwart
or discourage subsequent modification by readers is not Transparent.
An image format is not Transparent if used for any substantial
amount of text. A copy that is not "Transparent" is called "Opaque".
</p>
<p>
Examples of suitable formats for Transparent copies include plain
ASCII without markup, Texinfo input format, LaTeX input format,
SGML or XML using a publicly available DTD, and standard-conforming
simple HTML, PostScript or PDF designed for human modification.
Examples of transparent image formats include PNG, XCF and JPG.
Opaque formats include proprietary formats that can be read
and edited only by proprietary word processors, SGML or XML
for which the DTD and/or processing tools are not generally
available, and the machine-generated HTML, PostScript or PDF
produced by some word processors for output purposes only.
</p>
<p>
The "Title Page" means, for a printed book, the title page itself,
plus such following pages as are needed to hold, legibly, the
material this License requires to appear in the title page. For
works in formats which do not have any title page as such, "Title
Page" means the text near the most prominent appearance of the
work's title, preceding the beginning of the body of the text.
</p>
<p>
The "publisher" means any person or entity that
distributes copies of the Document to the public.
</p>
<p>
A section "Entitled XYZ" means a named subunit of the Document whose
title either is precisely XYZ or contains XYZ in parentheses following
text that translates XYZ in another language. (Here XYZ stands for
a specific section name mentioned below, such as "Acknowledgements",
"Dedications", "Endorsements", or "History".) To "Preserve the
Title" of such a section when you modify the Document means that
it remains a section "Entitled XYZ" according to this definition.
</p>
<p>
The Document may include Warranty Disclaimers next to the notice
which states that this License applies to the Document. These
Warranty Disclaimers are considered to be included by reference
in this License, but only as regards disclaiming warranties:
any other implication that these Warranty Disclaimers may
have is void and has no effect on the meaning of this License.
</p>
</item>
<item>
<bullet>2.</bullet>
VERBATIM COPYING
<p>
You may copy and distribute the Document in any medium, either
commercially or noncommercially, provided that this License, the
copyright notices, and the license notice saying this License applies
to the Document are reproduced in all copies, and that you add no
other conditions whatsoever to those of this License. You may not
use technical measures to obstruct or control the reading or further
copying of the copies you make or distribute. However, you may accept
compensation in exchange for copies. If you distribute a large enough
number of copies you must also follow the conditions in section 3.
</p>
<p>
You may also lend copies, under the same conditions
stated above, and you may publicly display copies.
</p>
</item>
<item>
<bullet>3.</bullet>
COPYING IN QUANTITY
<p>
If you publish printed copies (or copies in media that commonly
have printed covers) of the Document, numbering more than 100,
and the Document's license notice requires Cover Texts, you must
enclose the copies in covers that carry, clearly and legibly,
all these Cover Texts: Front-Cover Texts on the front cover, and
Back-Cover Texts on the back cover. Both covers must also clearly
and legibly identify you as the publisher of these copies. The
front cover must present the full title with all words of the title
equally prominent and visible. You may add other material on the
covers in addition. Copying with changes limited to the covers, as
long as they preserve the title of the Document and satisfy these
conditions, can be treated as verbatim copying in other respects.
</p>
<p>
If the required texts for either cover are too
voluminous to fit legibly, you should put the first
ones listed (as many as fit reasonably) on the actual
cover, and continue the rest onto adjacent pages.
</p>
<p>
If you publish or distribute Opaque copies of the Document
numbering more than 100, you must either include a machine-readable
Transparent copy along with each Opaque copy, or state in or with
each Opaque copy a computer-network location from which the general
network-using public has access to download using public-standard
network protocols a complete Transparent copy of the Document,
free of added material. If you use the latter option, you must take
reasonably prudent steps, when you begin distribution of Opaque
copies in quantity, to ensure that this Transparent copy will
remain thus accessible at the stated location until at least one
year after the last time you distribute an Opaque copy (directly
or through your agents or retailers) of that edition to the public.
</p>
<p>
It is requested, but not required, that you contact
the authors of the Document well before redistributing
any large number of copies, to give them a chance to
provide you with an updated version of the Document.
</p>
</item>
<item>
<bullet>4.</bullet>
MODIFICATIONS
<p>
You may copy and distribute a Modified Version of the Document under
the conditions of sections 2 and 3 above, provided that you release
the Modified Version under precisely this License, with the Modified
Version filling the role of the Document, thus licensing distribution
and modification of the Modified Version to whoever possesses a copy
of it. In addition, you must do these things in the Modified Version:
</p>
<list>
<item>
<bullet>A.</bullet>
Use in the Title Page (and on the covers, if any) a title distinct
from that of the Document, and from those of previous versions
(which should, if there were any, be listed in the History section
of the Document). You may use the same title as a previous version
if the original publisher of that version gives permission.
</item>
<item>
<bullet>B.</bullet>
List on the Title Page, as authors, one or more persons or
entities responsible for authorship of the modifications in the
Modified Version, together with at least five of the principal
authors of the Document (all of its principal authors, if it has
fewer than five), unless they release you from this requirement.
</item>
<item>
<bullet>C.</bullet>
State on the Title page the name of the publisher
of the Modified Version, as the publisher.
</item>
<item>
<bullet>D.</bullet>
Preserve all the copyright notices of the Document.
</item>
<item>
<bullet>E.</bullet>
Add an appropriate copyright notice for your
modifications adjacent to the other copyright notices.
</item>
<item>
<bullet>F.</bullet>
Include, immediately after the copyright notices, a license notice
giving the public permission to use the Modified Version under the
terms of this License, in the form shown in the Addendum below.
</item>
<item>
<bullet>G.</bullet>
Preserve in that license notice the full lists of Invariant
Sections and required Cover Texts given in the Document's
license notice. H. Include an unaltered copy of this License.
</item>
<item>
<bullet>I.</bullet>
Preserve the section Entitled "History", Preserve its Title, and
add to it an item stating at least the title, year, new authors,
and publisher of the Modified Version as given on the Title
Page. If there is no section Entitled "History" in the Document,
create one stating the title, year, authors, and publisher
of the Document as given on its Title Page, then add an item
describing the Modified Version as stated in the previous sentence.
</item>
<item>
<bullet>J.</bullet>
Preserve the network location, if any, given in the Document
for public access to a Transparent copy of the Document, and
likewise the network locations given in the Document for previous
versions it was based on. These may be placed in the "History"
section. You may omit a network location for a work that was
published at least four years before the Document itself, or if the
original publisher of the version it refers to gives permission.
</item>
<item>
<bullet>K.</bullet>
For any section Entitled "Acknowledgements" or "Dedications",
Preserve the Title of the section, and preserve in the
section all the substance and tone of each of the contributor
acknowledgements and/or dedications given therein.
</item>
<item>
<bullet>L.</bullet>
Preserve all the Invariant Sections of the Document, unaltered
in their text and in their titles. Section numbers or the
equivalent are not considered part of the section titles.
</item>
<item>
<bullet>M.</bullet>
Delete any section Entitled "Endorsements". Such a
section may not be included in the Modified Version.
</item>
<item>
<bullet>N.</bullet>
Do not retitle any existing section to be Entitled "Endorsements"
or to conflict in title with any Invariant Section.
</item>
<item>
<bullet>O.</bullet>
Preserve any Warranty Disclaimers.
</item>
</list>
<p>
If the Modified Version includes new front-matter sections or
appendices that qualify as Secondary Sections and contain no material
copied from the Document, you may at your option designate some or
all of these sections as invariant. To do this, add their titles
to the list of Invariant Sections in the Modified Version's license
notice. These titles must be distinct from any other section titles.
</p>
<p>
You may add a section Entitled "Endorsements", provided
it contains nothing but endorsements of your Modified
Version by various parties--for example, statements of
peer review or that the text has been approved by an
organization as the authoritative definition of a standard.
</p>
<p>
You may add a passage of up to five words as a Front-Cover Text,
and a passage of up to 25 words as a Back-Cover Text, to the end of
the list of Cover Texts in the Modified Version. Only one passage
of Front-Cover Text and one of Back-Cover Text may be added by (or
through arrangements made by) any one entity. If the Document already
includes a cover text for the same cover, previously added by you or
by arrangement made by the same entity you are acting on behalf of,
you may not add another; but you may replace the old one, on explicit
permission from the previous publisher that added the old one.
</p>
<p>
The author(s) and publisher(s) of the Document do not by this
License give permission to use their names for publicity for
or to assert or imply endorsement of any Modified Version.
</p>
</item>
<item>
<bullet>5.</bullet>
COMBINING DOCUMENTS
<p>
You may combine the Document with other documents released under
this License, under the terms defined in section 4 above for modified
versions, provided that you include in the combination all of the
Invariant Sections of all of the original documents, unmodified,
and list them all as Invariant Sections of your combined work in its
license notice, and that you preserve all their Warranty Disclaimers.
</p>
<p>
The combined work need only contain one copy of this License, and
multiple identical Invariant Sections may be replaced with a single
copy. If there are multiple Invariant Sections with the same name
but different contents, make the title of each such section unique
by adding at the end of it, in parentheses, the name of the original
author or publisher of that section if known, or else a unique
number. Make the same adjustment to the section titles in the list
of Invariant Sections in the license notice of the combined work.
</p>
<p>
In the combination, you must combine any sections Entitled
"History" in the various original documents, forming one section
Entitled "History"; likewise combine any sections Entitled
"Acknowledgements", and any sections Entitled "Dedications".
You must delete all sections Entitled "Endorsements".
</p>
</item>
<item>
<bullet>6.</bullet>
COLLECTIONS OF DOCUMENTS
<p>
You may make a collection consisting of the Document and
other documents released under this License, and replace the
individual copies of this License in the various documents
with a single copy that is included in the collection,
provided that you follow the rules of this License for verbatim
copying of each of the documents in all other respects.
</p>
<p>
You may extract a single document from such a collection,
and distribute it individually under this License,
provided you insert a copy of this License into the
extracted document, and follow this License in all other
respects regarding verbatim copying of that document.
</p>
</item>
<item>
<bullet>7.</bullet>
AGGREGATION WITH INDEPENDENT WORKS
<p>
A compilation of the Document or its derivatives with other
separate and independent documents or works, in or on a volume
of a storage or distribution medium, is called an "aggregate"
if the copyright resulting from the compilation is not used to
limit the legal rights of the compilation's users beyond what
the individual works permit. When the Document is included in an
aggregate, this License does not apply to the other works in the
aggregate which are not themselves derivative works of the Document.
</p>
<p>
If the Cover Text requirement of section 3 is applicable to
these copies of the Document, then if the Document is less
than one half of the entire aggregate, the Document's Cover
Texts may be placed on covers that bracket the Document
within the aggregate, or the electronic equivalent of covers
if the Document is in electronic form. Otherwise they must
appear on printed covers that bracket the whole aggregate.
</p>
</item>
<item>
<bullet>8.</bullet>
TRANSLATION
<p>
Translation is considered a kind of modification, so you may
distribute translations of the Document under the terms of section
4. Replacing Invariant Sections with translations requires special
permission from their copyright holders, but you may include
translations of some or all Invariant Sections in addition to the
original versions of these Invariant Sections. You may include a
translation of this License, and all the license notices in the
Document, and any Warranty Disclaimers, provided that you also
include the original English version of this License and the original
versions of those notices and disclaimers. In case of a disagreement
between the translation and the original version of this License
or a notice or disclaimer, the original version will prevail.
</p>
<p>
If a section in the Document is Entitled
"Acknowledgements", "Dedications", or "History", the
requirement (section 4) to Preserve its Title (section
1) will typically require changing the actual title.
</p>
</item>
<item>
<bullet>9.</bullet>
TERMINATION
<p>
You may not copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute the Document
except as expressly provided under this License. Any attempt
otherwise to copy, modify, sublicense, or distribute it is void,
and will automatically terminate your rights under this License.
</p>
<p>
However, if you cease all violation of this License, then your
license from a particular copyright holder is reinstated (a)
provisionally, unless and until the copyright holder explicitly
and finally terminates your license, and (b) permanently, if
the copyright holder fails to notify you of the violation by
some reasonable means prior to 60 days after the cessation.
</p>
<p>
Moreover, your license from a particular copyright holder is
reinstated permanently if the copyright holder notifies you
of the violation by some reasonable means, this is the first
time you have received notice of violation of this License
(for any work) from that copyright holder, and you cure the
violation prior to 30 days after your receipt of the notice.
</p>
<p>
Termination of your rights under this section does not terminate
the licenses of parties who have received copies or rights from
you under this License. If your rights have been terminated and
not permanently reinstated, receipt of a copy of some or all
of the same material does not give you any rights to use it.
</p>
</item>
<item>
<bullet>10.</bullet>
FUTURE REVISIONS OF THIS LICENSE
<p>
The Free Software Foundation may publish new, revised
versions of the GNU Free Documentation License from time
to time. Such new versions will be similar in spirit to
the present version, but may differ in detail to address
new problems or concerns. See http://www.gnu.org/copyleft/.
</p>
<p>
Each version of the License is given a distinguishing version number.
If the Document specifies that a particular numbered version of this
License "or any later version" applies to it, you have the option of
following the terms and conditions either of that specified version or
of any later version that has been published (not as a draft) by the
Free Software Foundation. If the Document does not specify a version
number of this License, you may choose any version ever published (not
as a draft) by the Free Software Foundation. If the Document specifies
that a proxy can decide which future versions of this License can
be used, that proxy's public statement of acceptance of a version
permanently authorizes you to choose that version for the Document.
</p>
</item>
<item>
<bullet>11.</bullet>
RELICENSING
<p>
"Massive Multiauthor Collaboration Site" (or "MMC Site") means any
World Wide Web server that publishes copyrightable works and also
provides prominent facilities for anybody to edit those works. A
public wiki that anybody can edit is an example of such a server. A
"Massive Multiauthor Collaboration" (or "MMC") contained in the site
means any set of copyrightable works thus published on the MMC site.
</p>
<p>
"CC-BY-SA" means the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike
3.0 license published by Creative Commons Corporation, a
not-for-profit corporation with a principal place of business
in San Francisco, California, as well as future copyleft
versions of that license published by that same organization.
</p>
<p>
"Incorporate" means to publish or republish a Document,
in whole or in part, as part of another Document.
</p>
<p>
An MMC is "eligible for relicensing" if it is licensed under this
License, and if all works that were first published under this License
somewhere other than this MMC, and subsequently incorporated in
whole or in part into the MMC, (1) had no cover texts or invariant
sections, and (2) were thus incorporated prior to November 1, 2008.
</p>
<p>
The operator of an MMC Site may republish an MMC contained in
the site under CC-BY-SA on the same site at any time before
August 1, 2009, provided the MMC is eligible for relicensing.
</p>
</item>
</list>
<optional>
<p>
ADDENDUM: How to use this License for your documents
</p>
<p>
To use this License in a document you have written, include
a copy of the License in the document and put the following
copyright and license notices just after the title page:
</p>
<p>
Copyright (c) YEAR YOUR NAME. Permission is granted to copy,
distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU
Free Documentation License, Version 1.3 or any later version published
by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, no
Front-Cover Texts, and no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is
included in the section entitled "GNU Free Documentation License".
</p>
<p>
If you have Invariant Sections, Front-Cover Texts and
Back-Cover Texts, replace the "with...Texts." line with this:
</p>
<p>
with the Invariant Sections being LIST THEIR TITLES, with the
Front-Cover Texts being LIST, and with the Back-Cover Texts being LIST.
</p>
<p>
If you have Invariant Sections without Cover Texts,
or some other combination of the three, merge
those two alternatives to suit the situation.
</p>
<p>
If your document contains nontrivial examples of program
code, we recommend releasing these examples in parallel
under your choice of free software license, such as the GNU
General Public License, to permit their use in free software.
</p>
</optional>
</text>
</license>
</SPDXLicenseCollection>