# Copyright 2011 Keith Rarick
#
# Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a copy
# of this software and associated documentation files (the "Software"), to deal
# in the Software without restriction, including without limitation the rights
# to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute, sublicense, and/or sell
# copies of the Software, and to permit persons to whom the Software is
# furnished to do so, subject to the following conditions:
#
# The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included in
# all copies or substantial portions of the Software.
#
# THE SOFTWARE IS PROVIDED "AS IS", WITHOUT WARRANTY OF ANY KIND, EXPRESS OR
# IMPLIED, INCLUDING BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE WARRANTIES OF MERCHANTABILITY,
# FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE AND NONINFRINGEMENT. IN NO EVENT SHALL THE
# AUTHORS OR COPYRIGHT HOLDERS BE LIABLE FOR ANY CLAIM, DAMAGES OR OTHER
# LIABILITY, WHETHER IN AN ACTION OF CONTRACT, TORT OR OTHERWISE, ARISING FROM,
# OUT OF OR IN CONNECTION WITH THE SOFTWARE OR THE USE OR OTHER DEALINGS IN
# THE SOFTWARE.

# See https://github.com/kr/okjson for updates.

require 'stringio'

# Some parts adapted from
# http://golang.org/src/pkg/json/decode.go and
# http://golang.org/src/pkg/utf8/utf8.go
module OkJson
  extend self

  class ParserError < ::StandardError; end

  # Decodes a json document in string s and
  # returns the corresponding ruby value.
  # String s must be valid UTF-8. If you have
  # a string in some other encoding, convert
  # it first.
  #
  # String values in the resulting structure
  # will be UTF-8.
  def decode(s)
    ts = lex(s)
    v, ts = textparse(ts)
    if ts.length > 0
      raise OkJson::ParserError, 'trailing garbage'
    end
    v
  end


  # Parses a "json text" in the sense of RFC 4627.
  # Returns the parsed value and any trailing tokens.
  # Note: this is almost the same as valparse,
  # except that it does not accept atomic values.
  def textparse(ts)
    if ts.length < 0
      raise OkJson::ParserError, 'empty'
    end

    typ, _, val = ts[0]
    case typ
    when '{' then objparse(ts)
    when '[' then arrparse(ts)
    else valparse(ts)
    end
  end


  # Parses a "value" in the sense of RFC 4627.
  # Returns the parsed value and any trailing tokens.
  def valparse(ts)
    if ts.length < 0
      raise OkJson::ParserError, 'empty'
    end

    typ, _, val = ts[0]
    case typ
    when '{' then objparse(ts)
    when '[' then arrparse(ts)
    when :val,:str then [val, ts[1..-1]]
    else
      raise OkJson::ParserError, "unexpected #{val.inspect}"
    end
  end


  # Parses an "object" in the sense of RFC 4627.
  # Returns the parsed value and any trailing tokens.
  def objparse(ts)
    ts = eat('{', ts)
    obj = {}

    if ts[0][0] == '}'
      return obj, ts[1..-1]
    end

    k, v, ts = pairparse(ts)
    obj[k] = v

    if ts[0][0] == '}'
      return obj, ts[1..-1]
    end

    loop do
      ts = eat(',', ts)

      k, v, ts = pairparse(ts)
      obj[k] = v

      if ts[0][0] == '}'
        return obj, ts[1..-1]
      end
    end
  end


  # Parses a "member" in the sense of RFC 4627.
  # Returns the parsed value and any trailing tokens.
  def pairparse(ts)
    (typ, _, k), ts = ts[0], ts[1..-1]
    if typ != :str
      raise OkJson::ParserError, "unexpected #{k.inspect}"
    end
    ts = eat(':', ts)
    v, ts = valparse(ts)
    [k, v, ts]
  end


  # Parses an "array" in the sense of RFC 4627.
  # Returns the parsed value and any trailing tokens.
  def arrparse(ts)
    ts = eat('[', ts)
    arr = []

    if ts[0][0] == ']'
      return arr, ts[1..-1]
    end

    v, ts = valparse(ts)
    arr << v

    if ts[0][0] == ']'
      return arr, ts[1..-1]
    end

    loop do
      ts = eat(',', ts)

      v, ts = valparse(ts)
      arr << v

      if ts[0][0] == ']'
        return arr, ts[1..-1]
      end
    end
  end


  def eat(typ, ts)
    if ts[0][0] != typ
      raise OkJson::ParserError, "expected #{typ} (got #{ts[0].inspect})"
    end
    ts[1..-1]
  end


  # Sans s and returns a list of json tokens,
  # excluding white space (as defined in RFC 4627).
  def lex(s)
    ts = []
    while s.length > 0
      typ, lexeme, val = tok(s)
      if typ == nil
        raise OkJson::ParserError, "invalid character at #{s[0,10].inspect}"
      end
      if typ != :space
        ts << [typ, lexeme, val]
      end
      s = s[lexeme.length..-1]
    end
    ts
  end


  # Scans the first token in s and
  # returns a 3-element list, or nil
  # if no such token exists.
  #
  # The first list element is one of
  # '{', '}', ':', ',', '[', ']',
  # :val, :str, and :space.
  #
  # The second element is the lexeme.
  #
  # The third element is the value of the
  # token for :val and :str, otherwise
  # it is the lexeme.
  def tok(s)
    case s[0]
    when ?{  then ['{', s[0,1], s[0,1]]
    when ?}  then ['}', s[0,1], s[0,1]]
    when ?:  then [':', s[0,1], s[0,1]]
    when ?,  then [',', s[0,1], s[0,1]]
    when ?[  then ['[', s[0,1], s[0,1]]
    when ?]  then [']', s[0,1], s[0,1]]
    when ?n  then nulltok(s)
    when ?t  then truetok(s)
    when ?f  then falsetok(s)
    when ?"  then strtok(s)
    when Spc then [:space, s[0,1], s[0,1]]
    when ?\t then [:space, s[0,1], s[0,1]]
    when ?\n then [:space, s[0,1], s[0,1]]
    when ?\r then [:space, s[0,1], s[0,1]]
    else          numtok(s)
    end
  end


  def nulltok(s);  s[0,4] == 'null'  && [:val, 'null',  nil]   end
  def truetok(s);  s[0,4] == 'true'  && [:val, 'true',  true]  end
  def falsetok(s); s[0,5] == 'false' && [:val, 'false', false] end


  def numtok(s)
    m = /-?([1-9][0-9]+|[0-9])([.][0-9]+)?([eE][+-]?[0-9]+)?/.match(s)
    if m && m.begin(0) == 0
      if m[3] && !m[2]
        [:val, m[0], Integer(m[1])*(10**Integer(m[3][1..-1]))]
      elsif m[2]
        [:val, m[0], Float(m[0])]
      else
        [:val, m[0], Integer(m[0])]
      end
    end
  end


  def strtok(s)
    m = /"([^"\\]|\\["\/\\bfnrt]|\\u[0-9a-fA-F]{4})*"/.match(s)
    if ! m
      raise OkJson::ParserError, "invalid string literal at #{abbrev(s)}"
    end
    [:str, m[0], unquote(m[0])]
  end


  def abbrev(s)
    t = s[0,10]
    p = t['`']
    t = t[0,p] if p
    t = t + '...' if t.length < s.length
    '`' + t + '`'
  end


  # Converts a quoted json string literal q into a UTF-8-encoded string.
  # The rules are different than for Ruby, so we cannot use eval.
  # Unquote will raise OkJson::ParserError, an error if q contains control characters.
  def unquote(q)
    q = q[1...-1]
    a = q.dup # allocate a big enough string
    r, w = 0, 0
    while r < q.length
      c = q[r]
      case true
      when c == ?\\
        r += 1
        if r >= q.length
          raise OkJson::ParserError, "string literal ends with a \"\\\": \"#{q}\""
        end

        case q[r]
        when ?",?\\,?/,?'
          a[w] = q[r]
          r += 1
          w += 1
        when ?b,?f,?n,?r,?t
          a[w] = Unesc[q[r]]
          r += 1
          w += 1
        when ?u
          r += 1
          uchar = begin
            hexdec4(q[r,4])
          rescue RuntimeError => e
            raise OkJson::ParserError, "invalid escape sequence \\u#{q[r,4]}: #{e}"
          end
          r += 4
          if surrogate? uchar
            if q.length >= r+6
              uchar1 = hexdec4(q[r+2,4])
              uchar = subst(uchar, uchar1)
              if uchar != Ucharerr
                # A valid pair; consume.
                r += 6
              end
            end
          end
          w += ucharenc(a, w, uchar)
        else
          raise OkJson::ParserError, "invalid escape char #{q[r]} in \"#{q}\""
        end
      when c == ?", c < Spc
        raise OkJson::ParserError, "invalid character in string literal \"#{q}\""
      else
        # Copy anything else byte-for-byte.
        # Valid UTF-8 will remain valid UTF-8.
        # Invalid UTF-8 will remain invalid UTF-8.
        a[w] = c
        r += 1
        w += 1
      end
    end
    a[0,w]
  end


  def hexdec4(s)
    if s.length != 4
      raise OkJson::ParserError, 'short'
    end
    (nibble(s[0])<<12) | (nibble(s[1])<<8) | (nibble(s[2])<<4) | nibble(s[3])
  end


  def subst(u1, u2)
    if Usurr1 <= u1 && u1 < Usurr2 && Usurr2 <= u2 && u2 < Usurr3
      return ((u1-Usurr1)<<10) | (u2-Usurr2) + Usurrself
    end
    return Ucharerr
  end


  def unsubst(u)
    if u < Usurrself || u > Umax || surrogate?(u)
      return Ucharerr, Ucharerr
    end
    u -= Usurrself
    [Usurr1 + ((u>>10)&0x3ff), Usurr2 + (u&0x3ff)]
  end


  def surrogate?(u)
    Usurr1 <= u && u < Usurr3
  end


  def nibble(c)
    case true
    when ?0 <= c && c <= ?9 then c.ord - ?0.ord
    when ?a <= c && c <= ?z then c.ord - ?a.ord + 10
    when ?A <= c && c <= ?Z then c.ord - ?A.ord + 10
    else
      raise OkJson::ParserError, "invalid hex code #{c}"
    end
  end


  # Encodes x into a json text. It may contain only
  # Array, Hash, String, Numeric, true, false, nil.
  # (Note, this list excludes Symbol.)
  # Strings contained in x must be valid UTF-8.
  # Values that cannot be represented, such as
  # Nan, Infinity, Symbol, and Proc, are encoded
  # as null, in accordance with ECMA-262, 5th ed.
  def encode(x)
    case x
    when Hash    then objenc(x)
    when Array   then arrenc(x)
    when String  then strenc(x)
    when Numeric then numenc(x)
    when Symbol  then strenc(x.to_s)
    when true    then "true"
    when false   then "false"
    when nil     then "null"
    else              "null"
    end
  end


  def objenc(x)
    '{' + x.map{|k,v| encode(k) + ':' + encode(v)}.join(',') + '}'
  end


  def arrenc(a)
    '[' + a.map{|x| encode(x)}.join(',') + ']'
  end


  def strenc(s)
    t = StringIO.new
    t.putc(?")
    r = 0
    while r < s.length
      case s[r]
      when ?"  then t.print('\\"')
      when ?\\ then t.print('\\\\')
      when ?\b then t.print('\\b')
      when ?\f then t.print('\\f')
      when ?\n then t.print('\\n')
      when ?\r then t.print('\\r')
      when ?\t then t.print('\\t')
      else
        c = s[r]
        case true
        when Spc <= c && c <= ?~
          t.putc(c)
        when true
          u, size = uchardec(s, r)
          r += size - 1 # we add one more at the bottom of the loop
          if u < 0x10000
            t.print('\\u')
            hexenc4(t, u)
          else
            u1, u2 = unsubst(u)
            t.print('\\u')
            hexenc4(t, u1)
            t.print('\\u')
            hexenc4(t, u2)
          end
        else
          # invalid byte; skip it
        end
      end
      r += 1
    end
    t.putc(?")
    t.string
  end


  def hexenc4(t, u)
    t.putc(Hex[(u>>12)&0xf])
    t.putc(Hex[(u>>8)&0xf])
    t.putc(Hex[(u>>4)&0xf])
    t.putc(Hex[u&0xf])
  end


  def numenc(x)
    if x.nan? || x.infinite?
      return 'null'
    end rescue nil
    "#{x}"
  end


  # Decodes unicode character u from UTF-8
  # bytes in string s at position i.
  # Returns u and the number of bytes read.
  def uchardec(s, i)
    n = s.length - i
    return [Ucharerr, 1] if n < 1

    c0 = s[i].ord

    # 1-byte, 7-bit sequence?
    if c0 < Utagx
      return [c0, 1]
    end

    # unexpected continuation byte?
    return [Ucharerr, 1] if c0 < Utag2

    # need continuation byte
    return [Ucharerr, 1] if n < 2
    c1 = s[i+1].ord
    return [Ucharerr, 1] if c1 < Utagx || Utag2 <= c1

    # 2-byte, 11-bit sequence?
    if c0 < Utag3
      u = (c0&Umask2)<<6 | (c1&Umaskx)
      return [Ucharerr, 1] if u <= Uchar1max
      return [u, 2]
    end

    # need second continuation byte
    return [Ucharerr, 1] if n < 3
    c2 = s[i+2].ord
    return [Ucharerr, 1] if c2 < Utagx || Utag2 <= c2

    # 3-byte, 16-bit sequence?
    if c0 < Utag4
      u = (c0&Umask3)<<12 | (c1&Umaskx)<<6 | (c2&Umaskx)
      return [Ucharerr, 1] if u <= Uchar2max
      return [u, 3]
    end

    # need third continuation byte
    return [Ucharerr, 1] if n < 4
    c3 = s[i+3].ord
    return [Ucharerr, 1] if c3 < Utagx || Utag2 <= c3

    # 4-byte, 21-bit sequence?
    if c0 < Utag5
      u = (c0&Umask4)<<18 | (c1&Umaskx)<<12 | (c2&Umaskx)<<6 | (c3&Umaskx)
      return [Ucharerr, 1] if u <= Uchar3max
      return [u, 4]
    end

    return [Ucharerr, 1]
  end


  # Encodes unicode character u as UTF-8
  # bytes in string a at position i.
  # Returns the number of bytes written.
  def ucharenc(a, i, u)
    case true
    when u <= Uchar1max
      a[i] = (u & 0xff).chr
      1
    when u <= Uchar2max
      a[i+0] = (Utag2 | ((u>>6)&0xff)).chr
      a[i+1] = (Utagx | (u&Umaskx)).chr
      2
    when u <= Uchar3max
      a[i+0] = (Utag3 | ((u>>12)&0xff)).chr
      a[i+1] = (Utagx | ((u>>6)&Umaskx)).chr
      a[i+2] = (Utagx | (u&Umaskx)).chr
      3
    else
      a[i+0] = (Utag4 | ((u>>18)&0xff)).chr
      a[i+1] = (Utagx | ((u>>12)&Umaskx)).chr
      a[i+2] = (Utagx | ((u>>6)&Umaskx)).chr
      a[i+3] = (Utagx | (u&Umaskx)).chr
      4
    end
  end

  Utagx = 0x80 # 1000 0000
  Utag2 = 0xc0 # 1100 0000
  Utag3 = 0xe0 # 1110 0000
  Utag4 = 0xf0 # 1111 0000
  Utag5 = 0xF8 # 1111 1000
  Umaskx = 0x3f # 0011 1111
  Umask2 = 0x1f # 0001 1111
  Umask3 = 0x0f # 0000 1111
  Umask4 = 0x07 # 0000 0111
  Uchar1max = (1<<7) - 1
  Uchar2max = (1<<11) - 1
  Uchar3max = (1<<16) - 1
  Ucharerr = 0xFFFD # unicode "replacement char"
  Usurrself = 0x10000
  Usurr1 = 0xd800
  Usurr2 = 0xdc00
  Usurr3 = 0xe000
  Umax = 0x10ffff

  Spc = ' '[0]
  Unesc = {?b=>?\b, ?f=>?\f, ?n=>?\n, ?r=>?\r, ?t=>?\t}
  Hex = '0123456789abcdef'
end