= Shared Should - Share and reuse shoulds, contexts, and setups with Shoulda - easy, schmeasy.

Shared Should allows you to easily create reusable shoulds, contexts and setups with familiar looking Shoulda syntax. Inspired by Rspec's shared example groups for context reuse, Shared Should allows sharing of contexts, shoulds,
and setup blocks.  Shared Should goes even further by allowing an initialization block and parameterization to fine-tune the usage of the shared functionality.

== Quick-Start Examples

Some quick examples to get you started using Shared Should. The domain is customers renting and purchasing textbooks - like we do at Bookrenter.com.

=== Shared Should

Sharing shoulds is easy.

  context "Book" do
    context "with an in-stock book" do
      setup { @book = Book.new(:quantity => 1, :price => 10_00 }
      
      ### Define a shared should
      shared_should_be "available for checkout" { assert @book.available_for_checkout? }

      context "with a rentable book" do
        setup { @book.rentable = true }

        ### Use the "available for checkout" shared_should
        should_be "available for checkout"
      end

      context "with a purchasable book" do
        setup { @book.purchasable = true }

        ### Use the "available for checkout" shared_should in this context too
        should_be "available for checkout"
      end
      
      ### ...or DRY it up by using .with or .when and an initialization block
      should_be("available for checkout").when("rentable") { @book.rentable = true }
      should_be("available for checkout").when("purchasable") { @book.purchasable = true }
    end
  end

=== Shared Setup

Sharing setups is easy, too.

  context "Book" do
    ### Define a shared setup
    shared_setup_for "an in-stock book" { @book = Book.new(:quantity => 1, :price => 10_00) }
    
    context "with an in-stock rentable book" do
      ### Use the shared setup here
      setup_for "an in-stock book"
      
      ### Do some additional setup after the shared setup
      setup { @book.rentable = true }
      
      should "be available for checkout" { assert @book.available_for_checkout? }
    end
    
    context "with an in-stock purchasable book" do
      ### Use the shared setup again
      setup_for "an in-stock book"
      
      setup { @book.purchasable = true }
      
      should "be available for checkout" { assert @book.available_for_checkout? }
    end
  end
  
=== Shared Context

Sharing whole contexts? Schmeasy!

  context "Book" do
    context "with an in-stock book" do
      setup { @book = Book.new(:quantity => 1, :price => 10_00) }
    
      ### Define a shared context
      shared_context_for "a book available for checkout" do
        should "be in stock" { assert @book.quantity > 0 }
        should "have a non-negative price" { assert @book.price > 0 }
        should "be rentable or purchasable" { assert @book.rentable || @book.purchasable }
      end
    
      context "with a rentable book" do
        setup { @book.rentable = true }
      
        ### Run the shoulds inside the shared context with a rentable book
        should_be "a book available for checkout"
      end
    
      context "with a purchasable book" do
        setup { @book.purchasable = true }
      
        ### Run the shoulds inside the shared context again with a purchasable book
        should_be "a book available for checkout"
      end
      
      ### ...or DRY it up by using .with or .when and an initialization block
      should_be("a book available for checkout").when("rentable") { @book.rentable = true }
      should_be("a book available for checkout").when("purchasable") { @book.purchasable = true }
    end
  end

== More Information on Syntax and Usage

=== Finding Your Share

Some rules:
* When <tt>should_be</tt> or <tt>setup_for</tt> is invoked, it searches up the context hierarchy to find a matching shared definition.
* You can redefine your shares by using the same name. These shares will only be available in in the current and descendant contexts.
* Shares defined at the root (on your TestCase) are available in all contexts.
* If you define a shared setup at the root level, you will need to call <tt>super</tt> if you have a setup instance method for your test.

=== Initialization Block

The shared invocation accepts an initialization block by chaining <tt>when</tt> or <tt>with</tt>. This block can be used to create or modify instance variables used by the shared functionality.  It always executes before the shared functionality.

  context "Book" do
    setup { @book = Book.new(:quantity => 1, :price => 10_00) }
    
    shared_should_be "available for checkout" { assert @book.available_for_checkout? }
    
    context "with a rentable book" do
      # when shared_should_be "available for checkout" is executed, @book will have rentable equal to true
      should_be "available for checkout".when("rentable") { @book.rentable = true }
    end
    
    context "with a purchasable book" do
      should_be "available for checkout".when("purchasable") { @book.purchasable = true }
    end
  end

=== Parameterizing Shares

Shared functions can also be parameterized using block parameters. This can be done for shared setups, shoulds, and the setups and shoulds contained within a shared context. The value passed to the declared shared function is the return value of the initialization block. The below example parameterizes a shared setup.

  context "Book" do
    shared_setup_for "an in-stock book" do |rentable|
      @book = Book.new(:quantity => 1, :price => 10_00, :rentable => rentable, :purchasable => false)
    end

    context "with rentable book" do
      # the return value of the block is "true" which will be passed as the block parameter "rentable"
      setup_for("an in-stock book").with("a rentable book") { true }
      
      should "be available for checkout" { assert @book.available_for_checkout? }
    end
  end

Here is a parameterized shared should.

  context "Book" do
    context "with in-stock book" do
      setup { @book = Book.new(:quantity => 1) }
    
      shared_should_be "unavailable for checkout for price" do |price|
        @book.price = price
        assert_false @book.available_for_checkout?
      end

      should_be("unavailable for checkout for price").when("zero") { 0 }
      should_be("unavailable for checkout for price").when("negative") { -1 }
    end
  end

And a parameterized shared context.

  context "Book" do
    context "with in-stock book" do
      setup { @book = Book.new(:quantity => 1) }

      shared_context_for "a book available for checkout at price" do
        # parameters are on the setup and shoulds, not on the context
        setup { |price| @book.price = price }
        
        # we could also access price in the should blocks, but we don't need it again
        should "be in stock" { assert @book.quantity > 0 }
        should "have a non-negative price" { assert @book.price > 0 }
        should "be rentable or purchasable" { assert @book.rentable || @book.purchasable }
      end

      should_be("a book available for checkout at price").when("positive") { 10_00 }
    end
  end

The shared functions also accept multiple parameters when the initialization block returns an array.

  context "Book" do
    context "with rentable book" do
      setup { @book = Book.new(:rentable => true) }
  
      shared_should_be "unavailable for checkout for quantity and price" do |quantity, price|
        @book.quantity = quantity
        @book.price = price
        assert_false @book.available_for_checkout?
      end

      should_be("unavailable for checkout for quantity and price").when("zero quantity") { [0, 10_00] }
      should_be("unavailable for checkout for quantity and price").when("zero price") { [1, 0] }
    end
  end

=== Creating a Library of Shared Functionality

The shared functions can also be re-usable across multiple test cases.

In your test helper file:

  class Test::Unit::TestCase
    shared_setup_for "an in-stock book" do |rentable, purchasable|
      @book = Book.new(:quantity => 1, :price => 10_00, :rentable => rentable, :purchasable => purchasable)
    end
  end

In your test file:

  class BookTest < Test::Unit::TestCase
    context "with an in-stock book" do
      shared_setup_for "an in-stock book".with { [true, true] }
      
      should "be in stock" { assert @book.quantity > 0 }
    end
  end


= Credits

Shared Shoulda is maintained by Michael Pearce (michael.pearce__at__bookrenter__com) and is funded by Bookrenter.com[http://www.bookrenter.com]. Many of the ideas that have inspired Shared Should come
from practical usage by the Bookrenter software development team and conversations with Bookrenter developers Andrew Wheeler and Philippe Huibonhoa.


= Copyright

Copyright (c) 2011 Michael Pearce, Bookrenter.com. See LICENSE.txt for further details.