As implemented for the reporting API functions, these are placeholder terms only and open for discussion.
Entity
TODO
Check
TODO
Outage
Period of time from when a check goes into the 'CRITICAL' state to when it comes out of that state again
Scheduled maintenance
Periods of time explicitly created by external actors to denote that maintenance is scheduled to occur at these times.
Unscheduled maintenance
Periods of time explicitly created by external actors to denote that maintenance is happening or has happened at these times
Downtime
Outages minus scheduled maintenances across any given time period