# Wicked PDF [](http://travis-ci.org/mileszs/wicked_pdf) [](http://badge.fury.io/rb/wicked_pdf)
## A PDF generation plugin for Ruby on Rails
Wicked PDF uses the shell utility [wkhtmltopdf](http://wkhtmltopdf.org) to serve a PDF file to a user from HTML. In other words, rather than dealing with a PDF generation DSL of some sort, you simply write an HTML view as you would normally, then let Wicked PDF take care of the hard stuff.
_Wicked PDF has been verified to work on Ruby versions 1.8.7 through 2.3; Rails 2 through 5.0_
### Installation
Add this to your Gemfile and run `bundle install`:
```ruby
gem 'wicked_pdf'
```
Then create the initializer with
rails generate wicked_pdf
You may also need to add
```ruby
Mime::Type.register "application/pdf", :pdf
```
to `config/initializers/mime_types.rb` in older versions of Rails.
Because `wicked_pdf` is a wrapper for [wkhtmltopdf](http://wkhtmltopdf.org/), you'll need to install that, too.
The simplest way to install all of the binaries (Linux, OSX, Windows) is through the gem [wkhtmltopdf-binary](https://github.com/steerio/wkhtmltopdf-binary).
To install that, add a second gem
```ruby
gem 'wkhtmltopdf-binary'
```
To your Gemfile and run `bundle install`.
This wrapper may trail in versions, at the moment it wraps the 0.9 version of `wkhtmltopdf` while there is 0.12 version available. Some of the advanced options listed below are not available with 0.9.
If your wkhtmltopdf executable is not on your webserver's path, you can configure it in an initializer:
```ruby
WickedPdf.config = {
exe_path: '/usr/local/bin/wkhtmltopdf'
}
```
For more information about `wkhtmltopdf`, see the project's [homepage](http://wkhtmltopdf.org/).
### Basic Usage
```ruby
class ThingsController < ApplicationController
def show
respond_to do |format|
format.html
format.pdf do
render pdf: "file_name" # Excluding ".pdf" extension.
end
end
end
end
```
### Usage Conditions - Important!
The wkhtmltopdf binary is run outside of your Rails application; therefore, your normal layouts will not work. If you plan to use any CSS, JavaScript, or image files, you must modify your layout so that you provide an absolute reference to these files. The best option for Rails without the asset pipeline is to use the `wicked_pdf_stylesheet_link_tag`, `wicked_pdf_image_tag`, and `wicked_pdf_javascript_include_tag` helpers or to go straight to a CDN (Content Delivery Network) for popular libraries such as jQuery.
#### wicked_pdf helpers
```html
<%= wicked_pdf_stylesheet_link_tag "pdf" -%>
<%= wicked_pdf_javascript_include_tag "number_pages" %>
<%= yield %>
```
Using wicked_pdf_helpers with asset pipeline raises `Asset names passed to helpers should not include the "/assets/" prefix.` error. To work around this, you can use `wicked_pdf_asset_base64` with the normal Rails helpers, but be aware that this will base64 encode your content and inline it in the page. This is very quick for small assets, but large ones can take a long time.
```html
<%= stylesheet_link_tag wicked_pdf_asset_base64("pdf") %>
<%= javascript_include_tag wicked_pdf_asset_base64("number_pages") %>
<%= yield %>
```
#### CDN reference
In this case, you can use that standard Rails helpers and point to the current CDN for whichever framework you are using. For jQuery, it would look somethng like this, given the current versions at the time of this writing.
```html
<%= javascript_include_tag "http://code.jquery.com/jquery-1.10.0.min.js" %>
<%= javascript_include_tag "http://code.jquery.com/ui/1.10.3/jquery-ui.min.js" %>
```
#### Asset pipeline usage
The way to handle this for the asset pipeline on Heroku is to include these files in your asset precompile list, as follows:
config.assets.precompile += ['blueprint/screen.css', 'pdf.css', 'jquery.ui.datepicker.js', 'pdf.js', ...etc...]
### Advanced Usage with all available options
```ruby
class ThingsController < ApplicationController
def show
respond_to do |format|
format.html
format.pdf do
render pdf: 'file_name',
disposition: 'attachment', # default 'inline'
template: 'things/show',
file: "#{Rails.root}/files/foo.erb"
layout: 'pdf', # for a pdf.html.erb file
wkhtmltopdf: '/usr/local/bin/wkhtmltopdf', # path to binary
show_as_html: params.key?('debug'), # allow debugging based on url param
orientation: 'Landscape', # default Portrait
page_size: 'A4, Letter, ...', # default A4
page_height: NUMBER,
page_width: NUMBER,
save_to_file: Rails.root.join('pdfs', "#{filename}.pdf"),
save_only: false, # depends on :save_to_file being set first
proxy: 'TEXT',
basic_auth: false # when true username & password are automatically sent from session
username: 'TEXT',
password: 'TEXT',
title: 'Alternate Title', # otherwise first page title is used
cover: 'URL, Pathname, or raw HTML string',
dpi: 'dpi',
encoding: 'TEXT',
user_style_sheet: 'URL',
cookie: ['_session_id SESSION_ID'], # could be an array or a single string in a 'name value' format
post: ['query QUERY_PARAM'], # could be an array or a single string in a 'name value' format
redirect_delay: NUMBER,
javascript_delay: NUMBER,
window_status: 'TEXT', # wait to render until some JS sets window.status to the given string
image_quality: NUMBER,
no_pdf_compression: true,
zoom: FLOAT,
page_offset: NUMBER,
book: true,
default_header: true,
disable_javascript: false,
grayscale: true,
lowquality: true,
enable_plugins: true,
disable_internal_links: true,
disable_external_links: true,
print_media_type: true,
disable_smart_shrinking: true,
use_xserver: true,
background: false, # backround needs to be true to enable background colors to render
no_background: true,
viewport_size: 'TEXT', # available only with use_xserver or patched QT
extra: '', # directly inserted into the command to wkhtmltopdf
outline: { outline: true,
outline_depth: LEVEL },
margin: { top: SIZE, # default 10 (mm)
bottom: SIZE,
left: SIZE,
right: SIZE },
header: { html: { template: 'users/header', # use :template OR :url
layout: 'pdf_plain', # optional, use 'pdf_plain' for a pdf_plain.html.pdf.erb file, defaults to main layout
url: 'www.example.com',
locals: { foo: @bar }},
center: 'TEXT',
font_name: 'NAME',
font_size: SIZE,
left: 'TEXT',
right: 'TEXT',
spacing: REAL,
line: true,
content: 'HTML CONTENT ALREADY RENDERED'}, # optionally you can pass plain html already rendered (useful if using pdf_from_string)
footer: { html: { template:'shared/footer', # use :template OR :url
layout: 'pdf_plain.html', # optional, use 'pdf_plain' for a pdf_plain.html.pdf.erb file, defaults to main layout
url: 'www.example.com',
locals: { foo: @bar }},
center: 'TEXT',
font_name: 'NAME',
font_size: SIZE,
left: 'TEXT',
right: 'TEXT',
spacing: REAL,
line: true,
content: 'HTML CONTENT ALREADY RENDERED'}, # optionally you can pass plain html already rendered (useful if using pdf_from_string)
toc: { font_name: "NAME",
depth: LEVEL,
header_text: "TEXT",
header_fs: SIZE,
text_size_shrink: 0.8,
l1_font_size: SIZE,
l2_font_size: SIZE,
l3_font_size: SIZE,
l4_font_size: SIZE,
l5_font_size: SIZE,
l6_font_size: SIZE,
l7_font_size: SIZE,
level_indentation: NUM,
l1_indentation: NUM,
l2_indentation: NUM,
l3_indentation: NUM,
l4_indentation: NUM,
l5_indentation: NUM,
l6_indentation: NUM,
l7_indentation: NUM,
no_dots: true,
disable_dotted_lines: true,
disable_links: true,
disable_toc_links: true,
disable_back_links:true,
xsl_style_sheet: 'file.xsl'} # optional XSLT stylesheet to use for styling table of contents
end
end
end
end
```
By default, it will render without a layout (layout: false) and the template for the current controller and action.
#### wkhtmltopdf Binary Options
Some of the options above are being passed to `wkhtmltopdf` binary. They can be used to control the options used in Webkit rendering before generating the PDF.
Examples of those options are:
```ruby
print_media_type: true # Passes `--print-media-type`
no_background: true # Passes `--no-background`
```
You can see the complete list of options under "Global Options" in wkhtmltopdf usage [docs](http://wkhtmltopdf.org/usage/wkhtmltopdf.txt).
### Super Advanced Usage ###
If you need to just create a pdf and not display it:
```ruby
# create a pdf from a string
pdf = WickedPdf.new.pdf_from_string('Hello There!
')
# create a pdf file from a html file without converting it to string
# Path must be absolute path
pdf = WickedPdf.new.pdf_from_html_file('/your/absolute/path/here')
# create a pdf from a URL
pdf = WickedPdf.new.pdf_from_url('https://github.com/mileszs/wicked_pdf')
# create a pdf from string using templates, layouts and content option for header or footer
pdf = WickedPdf.new.pdf_from_string(
render_to_string('templates/pdf', layout: 'pdfs/layout_pdf'),
footer: {
content: render_to_string(layout: 'pdfs/layout_pdf')
}
)
# or from your controller, using views & templates and all wicked_pdf options as normal
pdf = render_to_string pdf: "some_file_name", template: "templates/pdf", encoding: "UTF-8"
# then save to a file
save_path = Rails.root.join('pdfs','filename.pdf')
File.open(save_path, 'wb') do |file|
file << pdf
end
```
If you need to display utf encoded characters, add this to your pdf views or layouts:
```html
```
### Page Breaks
You can control page breaks with CSS.
Add a few styles like this to your stylesheet or page:
```css
div.alwaysbreak { page-break-before: always; }
div.nobreak:before { clear:both; }
div.nobreak { page-break-inside: avoid; }
```
### Page Numbering
A bit of javascript can help you number your pages. Create a template or header/footer file with this:
```html
Page of
```
Anything with a class listed in "var x" above will be auto-filled at render time.
If you do not have explicit page breaks (and therefore do not have any "page" class), you can also use wkhtmltopdf's built in page number generation by setting one of the headers to "[page]":
```ruby
render pdf: 'filename', header: { right: '[page] of [topage]' }
```
### Configuration
You can put your default configuration, applied to all pdf's at "wicked_pdf.rb" initializer.
### Rack Middleware
If you would like to have WickedPdf automatically generate PDF views for all (or nearly all) pages by appending .pdf to the URL, add the following to your Rails app:
```ruby
# in application.rb (Rails3) or environment.rb (Rails2)
require 'wicked_pdf'
config.middleware.use WickedPdf::Middleware
```
If you want to turn on or off the middleware for certain urls, use the `:only` or `:except` conditions like so:
```ruby
# conditions can be plain strings or regular expressions, and you can supply only one or an array
config.middleware.use WickedPdf::Middleware, {}, only: '/invoice'
config.middleware.use WickedPdf::Middleware, {}, except: [ %r[^/admin], '/secret', %r[^/people/\d] ]
```
If you use the standard `render pdf: 'some_pdf'` in your app, you will want to exclude those actions from the middleware.
### Further Reading
Mike Ackerman's post [How To Create PDFs in Rails](https://www.viget.com/articles/how-to-create-pdfs-in-rails)
Andreas Happe's post [Generating PDFs from Ruby on Rails](http://www.snikt.net/blog/2012/04/26/wicked-pdf/)
JESii's post [WickedPDF, wkhtmltopdf, and Heroku...a tricky combination](http://www.nubyrubyrailstales.com/2013/06/wickedpdf-wkhtmltopdf-and-herokua.html)
Berislav Babic's post [Send PDF attachments from Rails with WickedPdf and ActionMailer](http://berislavbabic.com/send-pdf-attachments-from-rails-with-wickedpdf-and-actionmailer/)
StackOverflow [questions with the tag "wicked-pdf"](http://stackoverflow.com/questions/tagged/wicked-pdf)
### Debugging
Now you can use a debug param on the URL that shows you the content of the pdf in plain html to design it faster.
First of all you must configure the render parameter `show_as_html: params.key?('debug')` and then just use it like you normally would but add "debug" as a GET param in the URL:
http://localhost:3001/CONTROLLER/X.pdf?debug
However, the wicked_pdf_* helpers will use file:/// paths for assets when using :show_as_html, and your browser's cross-domain safety feature will kick in, and not render them. To get around this, you can load your assets like so in your templates:
```html
<%= params.key?('debug') ? image_tag('foo') : wicked_pdf_image_tag('foo') %>
```
#### Gotchas
If one image from your HTML cannot be found (relative or wrong path for ie), others images with right paths **may not** be displayed in the output PDF as well (it seems to be an issue with wkhtmltopdf).
### Inspiration
You may have noticed: this plugin is heavily inspired by the PrinceXML plugin [princely](http://github.com/mbleigh/princely/tree/master). PrinceXML's cost was prohibitive for me. So, with a little help from some friends (thanks [jqr](http://github.com/jqr)), I tracked down wkhtmltopdf, and here we are.
### Contributing
1. Fork it
2. Create your feature branch (`git checkout -b my-new-feature`)
3. Run the test suite and check the output (`rake`)
4. Add tests for your feature or fix (please)
5. Commit your changes (`git commit -am 'Add some feature'`)
6. Push to the branch (`git push origin my-new-feature`)
7. Create new Pull Request
### Awesome Peoples
Also, thanks to [unixmonkey](https://github.com/Unixmonkey), [galdomedia](http://github.com/galdomedia), [jcrisp](http://github.com/jcrisp), [lleirborras](http://github.com/lleirborras), [tiennou](http://github.com/tiennou), and everyone else for all their hard work and patience with my delays in merging in their enhancements.