# [Rack::App](http://www.rack-app.com/) [![Build Status][travis-image]][travis-link]

[travis-image]: https://travis-ci.org/rack-app/rack-app.svg?branch=master
[travis-link]: https://travis-ci.org/rack-app/rack-app
[travis-home]: http://travis-ci.org/

![rack-app-logo](/assets/rack-app-logo.png)

Your next favorite rack-based micro-framework that is totally addition free!
Have a cup of awesomeness with your sadistically minimalist framework!

The idea behind is simple.
Keep the dependencies and everything as little as possible,
while able to write pure rack apps,
that will do nothing more than what you defined.

The Routing can handle any amount of endpoints that can fit in the memory,
so if you that crazy to use more than 10k endpoint,
you still don't have to worry about response speed.

It was inspirited by sinatra, grape, and the pure use form of rack.
It's in production, powering Back Ends on Heroku

## Development Status

The framework considered stable.
I don't have the plan to feature creep the framework without real-life use-cases,
since most of the custom edge cases can be resolved with composition.

The next time it will receive further updates,
when rack provides a finalized support for http2.

If you have an issue, I weekly check the issues tab,
answer and reply, or implement a fix for it.

Since the framework, the only dependency is the `rack` gem,
I don't have to update the code base,
because there are no integration problems.

Cheers and Happy Coding!

## Concerns

If you want to see fancy magic, you are in a bad place buddy!

This also implies that the framework does not include extensions that monkey patch the whole world to give you nice features.
Clean architecture defines that a web framework should only provide an external interface to the web, and nothing more.

If you use rack-app, one thing is sure.

You either love it or will be able to remove it from the project even after years of development because,
it will not vendor-lock your application business entities and business use cases to this framework.

And it's totally fine for us. We don't want everyone to be tied to our solutions, we only want to build clean and well-designed software for the developer happiness.

## Installation

Add this line to your application's Gemfile:

```ruby
gem 'rack-app'
```

And then execute:

    $ bundle

Or install it yourself as:

    $ gem install rack-app


## Is it Production ready?

Yes, it's already powering Heroku hosted micro-services.

## Principles

* Keep It Simple
* No Code bloat
* No on run time processing, or keep at the bare minimum
* Fully BDD (Behaviour Driven Design)
  * built-in test module to ease the development with easy to use tests
* Easy to Learn
  * rack-app use well known and easy to understand conventions, such as sinatra like DSL
* Principle Of Least Surprise
* Modular design
* the Only dependency is rack, nothing more
* Open development
* Try to create Examples for every feature

## Features

* Easy to understand syntax
  * module method level endpoint definition inspirited heavily by the Sinatra DSL
  * unified error handling
  * syntax sugar for default header definitions
  * namespaces for endpoint request path declarations so it can be dry and unified
* no Class method bloat, so you can enjoy pure ruby without any surprises
* App mounting so you can create separated controllers for different task
* Streaming
* O(log(n)) lookup routing
  * allows as many endpoint registrations to you as you want, without impact on route lookup speed
* only basic sets for instance method level for the must need tools, such as params, payload
* Simple to use class level response serializer
  * so you can choose what type of serialization you want without any enforced convention
* static file serving so you can mount even filesystem-based endpoints too
* built-in testing module so your app can be easily written with BDD approach
* made with minimalism in mind so your app can't rely on the framework when you implement business logic
  * if you need something, you should implement it without any dependency on a web framework, rack-app only mean to be to provide you with easy to use interface to the web layer, nothing less and nothing more
* per endpoint middleware definitions
  * you can define middleware stack before endpoints and it will only apply to them, similar like protected method workflow
* File Upload and file download efficiently and elegantly with minimal memory consuming
  * note that this is not only memory friendly way pure rack solution, but also 2x faster than the usual solution which includes buffering in memory
* params validation with ease

## Under the hood

rack-app's router relies on a tree structure which makes heavy use of *common prefixes*,
it is basically a *compact* [*prefix tree*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Trie) (or just [*Radix tree*](https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Radix_tree)).
Nodes with a common prefix also share a common parent.

## Contributors

* **[Daniel Nagy](https://github.com/thilonel)**

  * Serializer MVP implementation

* **[Daniel Szpisjak](https://github.com/felin-arch)**

  * Pimp up the website descriptions

* **[Jeremy Evans](https://github.com/jeremyevans)**

  * suggestion for application stand up speed optimization

* **[David Bush](https://github.com/disavowd)**

  * [wrote an awesome article](https://www.sitepoint.com/rack-app-a-performant-and-pragmatic-web-microframework/) about the project

* **[TheSmartnik](https://github.com/TheSmartnik)**

  * Clarify examples in the documentation

## [Contributing](CONTRIBUTING.md)

## Usage

#### basic

```ruby

require 'rack/app'

class App < Rack::App

  desc 'some hello endpoint'
  get '/hello' do
    'Hello World!'
  end

end

```

#### complex

```ruby

require 'rack/app'

class App < Rack::App

  mount SomeAppClass

  headers 'Access-Control-Allow-Origin' => '*',
          'Access-Control-Expose-Headers' => 'X-My-Custom-Header, X-Another-Custom-Header'

  serializer do |object|
    object.to_s
  end

  desc 'some hello endpoint'
  validate_params do
    required 'words', :class => Array, :of => String, :desc => 'some word', :example => ['pug']
    optional 'word', :class => String, :desc => 'one word', :example => 'pug'
    optional 'boolean', :class => :boolean, :desc => 'boolean value', :example => true
  end
  get '/hello' do
    puts(params['words'])

    'Hello World!'
  end

  namespace '/users' do

    desc 'some restful endpoint'
    get '/:user_id' do
      response.status = 201
      params['user_id'] #=> restful parameter :user_id
      say #=> "hello world!"
    end

  end

  desc 'some endpoint that has error and will be rescued'
  get '/make_error' do
    raise(StandardError,'error block rescued')
  end

  def say
    "hello #{params['user_id']}!"
  end

  error StandardError, NoMethodError do |ex|
    {:error=>ex.message}
  end

  root '/hello'

  get '/stream' do
    stream do |out|
      out << 'data row'
    end
  end

end

```

you can access Rack::Request with the request method and
Rack::Response as a response method.

By default, if you don't write anything to the response 'body' the endpoint block logic return will be used

### Frontend Example

if you don't mind extending your dependency list then you can use the front_end extension for creating template-based web applications.

```ruby
require 'rack/app'
require 'rack/app/front_end' # You need to add `gem 'rack-app-front_end'` to your Gemfile

class App < Rack::App

  apply_extensions :front_end

  helpers do

    def method_that_can_be_used_in_template
      'hello world!'
    end

  end

  # use ./app/layout.html.erb as layout, this is optionable
  layout 'layout.html.erb'

  # at '/' the endpoint will serve (render)
  # the ./app/index.html content as response body and wrap around with layout if the layout is given
  get '/' do
    render 'index.html'
  end

end
```

this example expects an "app" folder next to the "app.rb" file that included templates being used such as layout.html.erb and index.html.

## Testing

for testing use rack/test or the bundled testing module for writing unit test for your rack application

```ruby

require 'spec_helper'
require 'rack/app/test'

describe App do

  include Rack::App::Test

  rack_app described_class

  describe '/hello' do
    # example for params and headers and payload use
    subject { get(url: '/hello', params: {'dog' => 'meat'}, headers: {'X-Cat' => 'fur'}, payload: 'some string') }

    it { expect(subject.status).to eq 200 }

    it { expect(subject.body).to eq "Hello World!" }
  end

  describe '/users/:user_id' do
    # restful endpoint example
    subject { get(url: '/users/1234') }

    it { expect(subject.body).to eq 'hello 1234!'}

    it { expect(subject.status).to eq 201 }

  end

  describe '/make_error' do
    # error handled example
    subject { get(url: '/make_error') }

    it { expect(subject.body).to eq '{:error=>"error block rescued"}' }
  end

end


```

## Example Apps To start with

* [Official website How To examples](http://www.rack-app.com/)

* [Rack::App Team Github repositories](https://github.com/rack-app)

* [Basic](https://github.com/rack-app/rack-app-example-basic)
  * bare-bone simple example app

* [Escher Authorized Api](https://github.com/rack-app/rack-app-example-escher)
  * complex authorization for corporal level API use

## [Benchmarking](https://github.com/rack-app/rack-app-benchmark)

This is a repo that used for measure Rack::App project speed in order to keep an eye on the performance in every release.

the benchmarking was taken on the following hardware specification:
* Processor: 2,7 GHz Intel Core i5
* Memory: 16 GB 1867 MHz DDR3
* Ruby: ruby 2.3.0p0 (2015-12-25 revision 53290) [x86_64-darwin15]


### Endpoint to be call type: static

#### number of declared endpoints: 100

| name                   | version                | current / fastest      | real                   |
| ---------------------- | ---------------------- | ---------------------- | ---------------------- |
| rack-app               | 4.0.0                  | 1.0                    | 2.2053215187043942e-05 |
| rack-app               | 5.2.0                  | 1.185                  | 2.6140331494390213e-05 |
| rack-app               | 5.0.0.rc3              | 1.387                  | 3.0592694940592784e-05 |
| rack-app               | 5.10.0                 | 1.687                  | 3.719768107671963e-05  |
| rack-app               | 5.12.0                 | 1.747                  | 3.852106360719058e-05  |
| rack-app               | 5.7.0                  | 1.784                  | 3.934149001724991e-05  |
| ramaze                 | 2012.12.08             | 2.237                  | 4.932373271523216e-05  |
| hobbit                 | 0.6.1                  | 3.111                  | 6.860981349018188e-05  |
| brooklyn               | 0.0.1                  | 5.245                  | 0.00011567194234917104 |
| plezi                  | 0.14.1                 | 5.334                  | 0.00011763589749898317 |
| plezi                  | 0.14.2                 | 5.588                  | 0.00012324020796222724 |
| nancy                  | 0.3.0                  | 5.725                  | 0.00012626088352407584 |
| nyny                   | 3.4.3                  | 5.744                  | 0.00012667404900032145 |
| roda                   | 2.20.0                 | 9.662                  | 0.00021307581296423227 |
| roda                   | 2.17.0                 | 10.646                 | 0.00023477471132838754 |
| scorched               | 0.25                   | 12.728                 | 0.0002807019599946191  |
| scorched               | 0.27                   | 16.074                 | 0.0003544879730325173  |
| sinatra                | 1.4.7                  | 19.857                 | 0.00043791615583657487 |
| grape                  | 0.17.0                 | 25.941                 | 0.0005720832234016178  |
| rails                  | 5.0.0                  | 33.234                 | 0.0007329187002032537  |
| camping                | 2.1.532                | 39.818                 | 0.0008781073650072727  |
| grape                  | 0.18.0                 | 41.857                 | 0.000923075147962645   |
| rails                  | 5.0.0.1                | 47.286                 | 0.0010428086559986802  |
| cuba                   | 3.8.0                  | 55.397                 | 0.0012216723478342246  |
| almost-sinatra         | unknown                | 58.728                 | 0.0012951477793394547  |

For more reports check the Benchmark repo out :)

## Roadmap

### Team [Backlog](https://docs.google.com/spreadsheets/d/19GGX51i6uCQQz8pQ-lvsIxu43huKCX-eC1526-RL3YA/edit?usp=sharing)

If you have anything to say, you can leave a comment. :)

## Development

After checking out the repo, run `bin/setup` to install dependencies. Then, run `rake spec` to run the tests. You can also run `bin/console` for an interactive prompt that will allow you to experiment.

To install this gem onto your local machine, run `bundle exec rake install`. To release a new version, update the version number in `version.rb`, and then run `bundle exec rake release`, which will create a git tag for the version, push git commits and tags, and push the `.gem` file to [rubygems.org](https://rubygems.org).

## Contributing

Bug reports and pull requests are welcome on GitHub at https://github.com/rack-app/rack-app This project is intended to be a safe, welcoming space for collaboration, and contributors are expected to adhere to the [Contributor Covenant](contributor-covenant.org) code of conduct.

## License and Copyright

Rack::App is free software released under the [Apache License V2](https://opensource.org/licenses/Apache-2.0) License.
The logo was designed by Zsófia Gebauer. It is Copyright © 2015 Adam Luzsi. All Rights Reserved.