require 'cgi'
require 'action_view/helpers/date_helper'
require 'action_view/helpers/tag_helper'
require 'action_view/helpers/form_tag_helper'
module ActionView
module Helpers
# Form helpers are designed to make working with models much easier compared to using just standard HTML
# elements by providing a set of methods for creating forms based on your models. This helper generates the HTML
# for forms, providing a method for each sort of input (e.g., text, password, select, and so on). When the form
# is submitted (i.e., when the user hits the submit button or form.submit is called via JavaScript), the form inputs will be bundled into the params object and passed back to the controller.
#
# There are two types of form helpers: those that specifically work with model attributes and those that don't.
# This helper deals with those that work with model attributes; to see an example of form helpers that don't work
# with model attributes, check the ActionView::Helpers::FormTagHelper documentation.
#
# The core method of this helper, form_for, gives you the ability to create a form for a model instance;
# for example, let's say that you have a model Person and want to create a new instance of it:
#
# # Note: a @person variable will have been created in the controller.
# # For example: @person = Person.new
# <% form_for :person, @person, :url => { :action => "create" } do |f| %>
# <%= f.text_field :first_name %>
# <%= f.text_field :last_name %>
# <%= submit_tag 'Create' %>
# <% end %>
#
# The HTML generated for this would be:
#
#
#
# If you are using a partial for your form fields, you can use this shortcut:
#
# <% form_for :person, @person, :url => { :action => "create" } do |f| %>
# <%= render :partial => f %>
# <%= submit_tag 'Create' %>
# <% end %>
#
# This example will render the people/_form partial, setting a local variable called form which references the yielded FormBuilder.
#
# The params object created when this form is submitted would look like:
#
# {"action"=>"create", "controller"=>"persons", "person"=>{"first_name"=>"William", "last_name"=>"Smith"}}
#
# The params hash has a nested person value, which can therefore be accessed with params[:person] in the controller.
# If were editing/updating an instance (e.g., Person.find(1) rather than Person.new in the controller), the objects
# attribute values are filled into the form (e.g., the person_first_name field would have that person's first name in it).
#
# If the object name contains square brackets the id for the object will be inserted. For example:
#
# <%= text_field "person[]", "name" %>
#
# ...will generate the following ERb.
#
#
#
# If the helper is being used to generate a repetitive sequence of similar form elements, for example in a partial
# used by render_collection_of_partials, the index option may come in handy. Example:
#
# <%= text_field "person", "name", "index" => 1 %>
#
# ...becomes...
#
#
#
# An index option may also be passed to form_for and fields_for. This automatically applies
# the index to all the nested fields.
#
# There are also methods for helping to build form tags in link:classes/ActionView/Helpers/FormOptionsHelper.html,
# link:classes/ActionView/Helpers/DateHelper.html, and link:classes/ActionView/Helpers/ActiveRecordHelper.html
module FormHelper
# Creates a form and a scope around a specific model object that is used as
# a base for questioning about values for the fields.
#
# Rails provides succint resource-oriented form generation with +form_for+
# like this:
#
# <% form_for @offer do |f| %>
# <%= f.label :version, 'Version' %>:
# <%= f.text_field :version %>
# <%= f.label :author, 'Author' %>:
# <%= f.text_field :author %>
# <% end %>
#
# There, +form_for+ is able to generate the rest of RESTful form parameters
# based on introspection on the record, but to understand what it does we
# need to dig first into the alternative generic usage it is based upon.
#
# === Generic form_for
#
# The generic way to call +form_for+ yields a form builder around a model:
#
# <% form_for :person, :url => { :action => "update" } do |f| %>
# <%= f.error_messages %>
# First name: <%= f.text_field :first_name %>
# Last name : <%= f.text_field :last_name %>
# Biography : <%= f.text_area :biography %>
# Admin? : <%= f.check_box :admin %>
# <% end %>
#
# There, the first argument is a symbol or string with the name of the
# object the form is about, and also the name of the instance variable the
# object is stored in.
#
# The form builder acts as a regular form helper that somehow carries the
# model. Thus, the idea is that
#
# <%= f.text_field :first_name %>
#
# gets expanded to
#
# <%= text_field :person, :first_name %>
#
# If the instance variable is not @person you can pass the actual
# record as the second argument:
#
# <% form_for :person, person, :url => { :action => "update" } do |f| %>
# ...
# <% end %>
#
# In that case you can think
#
# <%= f.text_field :first_name %>
#
# gets expanded to
#
# <%= text_field :person, :first_name, :object => person %>
#
# You can even display error messages of the wrapped model this way:
#
# <%= f.error_messages %>
#
# In any of its variants, the rightmost argument to +form_for+ is an
# optional hash of options:
#
# * :url - The URL the form is submitted to. It takes the same fields
# you pass to +url_for+ or +link_to+. In particular you may pass here a
# named route directly as well. Defaults to the current action.
# * :html - Optional HTML attributes for the form tag.
#
# Worth noting is that the +form_for+ tag is called in a ERb evaluation block,
# not an ERb output block. So that's <% %>, not <%= %>.
#
# Also note that +form_for+ doesn't create an exclusive scope. It's still
# possible to use both the stand-alone FormHelper methods and methods from
# FormTagHelper. For example:
#
# <% form_for :person, @person, :url => { :action => "update" } do |f| %>
# First name: <%= f.text_field :first_name %>
# Last name : <%= f.text_field :last_name %>
# Biography : <%= text_area :person, :biography %>
# Admin? : <%= check_box_tag "person[admin]", @person.company.admin? %>
# <% end %>
#
# This also works for the methods in FormOptionHelper and DateHelper that are
# designed to work with an object as base, like FormOptionHelper#collection_select
# and DateHelper#datetime_select.
#
# === Resource-oriented style
#
# As we said above, in addition to manually configuring the +form_for+ call,
# you can rely on automated resource identification, which will use the conventions
# and named routes of that approach. This is the preferred way to use +form_for+
# nowadays.
#
# For example, if @post is an existing record you want to edit
#
# <% form_for @post do |f| %>
# ...
# <% end %>
#
# is equivalent to something like:
#
# <% form_for :post, @post, :url => post_path(@post), :html => { :method => :put, :class => "edit_post", :id => "edit_post_45" } do |f| %>
# ...
# <% end %>
#
# And for new records
#
# <% form_for(Post.new) do |f| %>
# ...
# <% end %>
#
# expands to
#
# <% form_for :post, Post.new, :url => posts_path, :html => { :class => "new_post", :id => "new_post" } do |f| %>
# ...
# <% end %>
#
# You can also overwrite the individual conventions, like this:
#
# <% form_for(@post, :url => super_post_path(@post)) do |f| %>
# ...
# <% end %>
#
# And for namespaced routes, like +admin_post_url+:
#
# <% form_for([:admin, @post]) do |f| %>
# ...
# <% end %>
#
# === Customized form builders
#
# You can also build forms using a customized FormBuilder class. Subclass FormBuilder and override or define some more helpers,
# then use your custom builder. For example, let's say you made a helper to automatically add labels to form inputs.
#
# <% form_for :person, @person, :url => { :action => "update" }, :builder => LabellingFormBuilder do |f| %>
# <%= f.text_field :first_name %>
# <%= f.text_field :last_name %>
# <%= text_area :person, :biography %>
# <%= check_box_tag "person[admin]", @person.company.admin? %>
# <% end %>
#
# In this case, if you use this:
#
# <%= render :partial => f %>
#
# The rendered template is people/_labelling_form and the local variable referencing the form builder is called labelling_form.
#
# In many cases you will want to wrap the above in another helper, so you could do something like the following:
#
# def labelled_form_for(record_or_name_or_array, *args, &proc)
# options = args.extract_options!
# form_for(record_or_name_or_array, *(args << options.merge(:builder => LabellingFormBuilder)), &proc)
# end
#
# If you don't need to attach a form to a model instance, then check out FormTagHelper#form_tag.
def form_for(record_or_name_or_array, *args, &proc)
raise ArgumentError, "Missing block" unless block_given?
options = args.extract_options!
case record_or_name_or_array
when String, Symbol
object_name = record_or_name_or_array
when Array
object = record_or_name_or_array.last
object_name = ActionController::RecordIdentifier.singular_class_name(object)
apply_form_for_options!(record_or_name_or_array, options)
args.unshift object
else
object = record_or_name_or_array
object_name = ActionController::RecordIdentifier.singular_class_name(object)
apply_form_for_options!([object], options)
args.unshift object
end
concat(form_tag(options.delete(:url) || {}, options.delete(:html) || {}), proc.binding)
fields_for(object_name, *(args << options), &proc)
concat('', proc.binding)
end
def apply_form_for_options!(object_or_array, options) #:nodoc:
object = object_or_array.is_a?(Array) ? object_or_array.last : object_or_array
html_options =
if object.respond_to?(:new_record?) && object.new_record?
{ :class => dom_class(object, :new), :id => dom_id(object), :method => :post }
else
{ :class => dom_class(object, :edit), :id => dom_id(object, :edit), :method => :put }
end
options[:html] ||= {}
options[:html].reverse_merge!(html_options)
options[:url] ||= polymorphic_path(object_or_array)
end
# Creates a scope around a specific model object like form_for, but doesn't create the form tags themselves. This makes
# fields_for suitable for specifying additional model objects in the same form:
#
# ==== Examples
# <% form_for @person, :url => { :action => "update" } do |person_form| %>
# First name: <%= person_form.text_field :first_name %>
# Last name : <%= person_form.text_field :last_name %>
#
# <% fields_for @person.permission do |permission_fields| %>
# Admin? : <%= permission_fields.check_box :admin %>
# <% end %>
# <% end %>
#
# ...or if you have an object that needs to be represented as a different parameter, like a Client that acts as a Person:
#
# <% fields_for :person, @client do |permission_fields| %>
# Admin?: <%= permission_fields.check_box :admin %>
# <% end %>
#
# ...or if you don't have an object, just a name of the parameter
#
# <% fields_for :person do |permission_fields| %>
# Admin?: <%= permission_fields.check_box :admin %>
# <% end %>
#
# Note: This also works for the methods in FormOptionHelper and DateHelper that are designed to work with an object as base,
# like FormOptionHelper#collection_select and DateHelper#datetime_select.
def fields_for(record_or_name_or_array, *args, &block)
raise ArgumentError, "Missing block" unless block_given?
options = args.extract_options!
case record_or_name_or_array
when String, Symbol
object_name = record_or_name_or_array
object = args.first
when Array
object = record_or_name_or_array.last
object_name = ActionController::RecordIdentifier.singular_class_name(object)
apply_form_for_options!(record_or_name_or_array, options)
else
object = record_or_name_or_array
object_name = ActionController::RecordIdentifier.singular_class_name(object)
end
builder = options[:builder] || ActionView::Base.default_form_builder
yield builder.new(object_name, object, self, options, block)
end
# Returns a label tag tailored for labelling an input field for a specified attribute (identified by +method+) on an object
# assigned to the template (identified by +object+). The text of label will default to the attribute name unless you specify
# it explicitly. Additional options on the label tag can be passed as a hash with +options+. These options will be tagged
# onto the HTML as an HTML element attribute as in the example shown.
#
# ==== Examples
# label(:post, :title)
# # =>
#
# label(:post, :title, "A short title")
# # =>
#
# label(:post, :title, "A short title", :class => "title_label")
# # =>
#
def label(object_name, method, text = nil, options = {})
InstanceTag.new(object_name, method, self, nil, options.delete(:object)).to_label_tag(text, options)
end
# Returns an input tag of the "text" type tailored for accessing a specified attribute (identified by +method+) on an object
# assigned to the template (identified by +object+). Additional options on the input tag can be passed as a
# hash with +options+. These options will be tagged onto the HTML as an HTML element attribute as in the example
# shown.
#
# ==== Examples
# text_field(:post, :title, :size => 20)
# # =>
#
# text_field(:post, :title, :class => "create_input")
# # =>
#
# text_field(:session, :user, :onchange => "if $('session[user]').value == 'admin' { alert('Your login can not be admin!'); }")
# # =>
#
# text_field(:snippet, :code, :size => 20, :class => 'code_input')
# # =>
#
def text_field(object_name, method, options = {})
InstanceTag.new(object_name, method, self, nil, options.delete(:object)).to_input_field_tag("text", options)
end
# Returns an input tag of the "password" type tailored for accessing a specified attribute (identified by +method+) on an object
# assigned to the template (identified by +object+). Additional options on the input tag can be passed as a
# hash with +options+. These options will be tagged onto the HTML as an HTML element attribute as in the example
# shown.
#
# ==== Examples
# password_field(:login, :pass, :size => 20)
# # =>
#
# password_field(:account, :secret, :class => "form_input")
# # =>
#
# password_field(:user, :password, :onchange => "if $('user[password]').length > 30 { alert('Your password needs to be shorter!'); }")
# # =>
#
# password_field(:account, :pin, :size => 20, :class => 'form_input')
# # =>
#
def password_field(object_name, method, options = {})
InstanceTag.new(object_name, method, self, nil, options.delete(:object)).to_input_field_tag("password", options)
end
# Returns a hidden input tag tailored for accessing a specified attribute (identified by +method+) on an object
# assigned to the template (identified by +object+). Additional options on the input tag can be passed as a
# hash with +options+. These options will be tagged onto the HTML as an HTML element attribute as in the example
# shown.
#
# ==== Examples
# hidden_field(:signup, :pass_confirm)
# # =>
#
# hidden_field(:post, :tag_list)
# # =>
#
# hidden_field(:user, :token)
# # =>
def hidden_field(object_name, method, options = {})
InstanceTag.new(object_name, method, self, nil, options.delete(:object)).to_input_field_tag("hidden", options)
end
# Returns an file upload input tag tailored for accessing a specified attribute (identified by +method+) on an object
# assigned to the template (identified by +object+). Additional options on the input tag can be passed as a
# hash with +options+. These options will be tagged onto the HTML as an HTML element attribute as in the example
# shown.
#
# ==== Examples
# file_field(:user, :avatar)
# # =>
#
# file_field(:post, :attached, :accept => 'text/html')
# # =>
#
# file_field(:attachment, :file, :class => 'file_input')
# # =>
#
def file_field(object_name, method, options = {})
InstanceTag.new(object_name, method, self, nil, options.delete(:object)).to_input_field_tag("file", options)
end
# Returns a textarea opening and closing tag set tailored for accessing a specified attribute (identified by +method+)
# on an object assigned to the template (identified by +object+). Additional options on the input tag can be passed as a
# hash with +options+.
#
# ==== Examples
# text_area(:post, :body, :cols => 20, :rows => 40)
# # =>
#
# text_area(:comment, :text, :size => "20x30")
# # =>
#
# text_area(:application, :notes, :cols => 40, :rows => 15, :class => 'app_input')
# # =>
#
# text_area(:entry, :body, :size => "20x20", :disabled => 'disabled')
# # =>
def text_area(object_name, method, options = {})
InstanceTag.new(object_name, method, self, nil, options.delete(:object)).to_text_area_tag(options)
end
# Returns a checkbox tag tailored for accessing a specified attribute (identified by +method+) on an object
# assigned to the template (identified by +object+). It's intended that +method+ returns an integer and if that
# integer is above zero, then the checkbox is checked. Additional options on the input tag can be passed as a
# hash with +options+. The +checked_value+ defaults to 1 while the default +unchecked_value+
# is set to 0 which is convenient for boolean values. Since HTTP standards say that unchecked checkboxes don't post anything,
# we add a hidden value with the same name as the checkbox as a work around.
#
# ==== Examples
# # Let's say that @post.validated? is 1:
# check_box("post", "validated")
# # =>
# #
#
# # Let's say that @puppy.gooddog is "no":
# check_box("puppy", "gooddog", {}, "yes", "no")
# # =>
# #
#
# check_box("eula", "accepted", { :class => 'eula_check' }, "yes", "no")
# # =>
# #
#
def check_box(object_name, method, options = {}, checked_value = "1", unchecked_value = "0")
InstanceTag.new(object_name, method, self, nil, options.delete(:object)).to_check_box_tag(options, checked_value, unchecked_value)
end
# Returns a radio button tag for accessing a specified attribute (identified by +method+) on an object
# assigned to the template (identified by +object+). If the current value of +method+ is +tag_value+ the
# radio button will be checked. Additional options on the input tag can be passed as a
# hash with +options+.
#
# ==== Examples
# # Let's say that @post.category returns "rails":
# radio_button("post", "category", "rails")
# radio_button("post", "category", "java")
# # =>
# #
#
# radio_button("user", "receive_newsletter", "yes")
# radio_button("user", "receive_newsletter", "no")
# # =>
# #
def radio_button(object_name, method, tag_value, options = {})
InstanceTag.new(object_name, method, self, nil, options.delete(:object)).to_radio_button_tag(tag_value, options)
end
end
class InstanceTag #:nodoc:
include Helpers::TagHelper, Helpers::FormTagHelper
attr_reader :method_name, :object_name
DEFAULT_FIELD_OPTIONS = { "size" => 30 }.freeze unless const_defined?(:DEFAULT_FIELD_OPTIONS)
DEFAULT_RADIO_OPTIONS = { }.freeze unless const_defined?(:DEFAULT_RADIO_OPTIONS)
DEFAULT_TEXT_AREA_OPTIONS = { "cols" => 40, "rows" => 20 }.freeze unless const_defined?(:DEFAULT_TEXT_AREA_OPTIONS)
def initialize(object_name, method_name, template_object, local_binding = nil, object = nil)
@object_name, @method_name = object_name.to_s.dup, method_name.to_s.dup
@template_object, @local_binding = template_object, local_binding
@object = object
if @object_name.sub!(/\[\]$/,"")
if object ||= @template_object.instance_variable_get("@#{Regexp.last_match.pre_match}") and object.respond_to?(:to_param)
@auto_index = object.to_param
else
raise ArgumentError, "object[] naming but object param and @object var don't exist or don't respond to to_param: #{object.inspect}"
end
end
end
def to_label_tag(text = nil, options = {})
options = options.stringify_keys
name_and_id = options.dup
add_default_name_and_id(name_and_id)
options.delete("index")
options["for"] ||= name_and_id["id"]
content = (text.blank? ? nil : text.to_s) || method_name.humanize
label_tag(name_and_id["id"], content, options)
end
def to_input_field_tag(field_type, options = {})
options = options.stringify_keys
options["size"] = options["maxlength"] || DEFAULT_FIELD_OPTIONS["size"] unless options.key?("size")
options = DEFAULT_FIELD_OPTIONS.merge(options)
if field_type == "hidden"
options.delete("size")
end
options["type"] = field_type
options["value"] ||= value_before_type_cast(object) unless field_type == "file"
options["value"] &&= html_escape(options["value"])
add_default_name_and_id(options)
tag("input", options)
end
def to_radio_button_tag(tag_value, options = {})
options = DEFAULT_RADIO_OPTIONS.merge(options.stringify_keys)
options["type"] = "radio"
options["value"] = tag_value
if options.has_key?("checked")
cv = options.delete "checked"
checked = cv == true || cv == "checked"
else
checked = self.class.radio_button_checked?(value(object), tag_value)
end
options["checked"] = "checked" if checked
pretty_tag_value = tag_value.to_s.gsub(/\s/, "_").gsub(/\W/, "").downcase
options["id"] ||= defined?(@auto_index) ?
"#{tag_id_with_index(@auto_index)}_#{pretty_tag_value}" :
"#{tag_id}_#{pretty_tag_value}"
add_default_name_and_id(options)
tag("input", options)
end
def to_text_area_tag(options = {})
options = DEFAULT_TEXT_AREA_OPTIONS.merge(options.stringify_keys)
add_default_name_and_id(options)
if size = options.delete("size")
options["cols"], options["rows"] = size.split("x") if size.respond_to?(:split)
end
content_tag("textarea", html_escape(options.delete('value') || value_before_type_cast(object)), options)
end
def to_check_box_tag(options = {}, checked_value = "1", unchecked_value = "0")
options = options.stringify_keys
options["type"] = "checkbox"
options["value"] = checked_value
if options.has_key?("checked")
cv = options.delete "checked"
checked = cv == true || cv == "checked"
else
checked = self.class.check_box_checked?(value(object), checked_value)
end
options["checked"] = "checked" if checked
add_default_name_and_id(options)
tag("input", options) << tag("input", "name" => options["name"], "type" => "hidden", "value" => options['disabled'] && checked ? checked_value : unchecked_value)
end
def to_boolean_select_tag(options = {})
options = options.stringify_keys
add_default_name_and_id(options)
value = value(object)
tag_text = ""
end
def to_content_tag(tag_name, options = {})
content_tag(tag_name, value(object), options)
end
def object
@object || @template_object.instance_variable_get("@#{@object_name}")
rescue NameError
# As @object_name may contain the nested syntax (item[subobject]) we
# need to fallback to nil.
nil
end
def value(object)
self.class.value(object, @method_name)
end
def value_before_type_cast(object)
self.class.value_before_type_cast(object, @method_name)
end
class << self
def value(object, method_name)
object.send method_name unless object.nil?
end
def value_before_type_cast(object, method_name)
unless object.nil?
object.respond_to?(method_name + "_before_type_cast") ?
object.send(method_name + "_before_type_cast") :
object.send(method_name)
end
end
def check_box_checked?(value, checked_value)
case value
when TrueClass, FalseClass
value
when NilClass
false
when Integer
value != 0
when String
value == checked_value
when Array
value.include?(checked_value)
else
value.to_i != 0
end
end
def radio_button_checked?(value, checked_value)
value.to_s == checked_value.to_s
end
end
private
def add_default_name_and_id(options)
if options.has_key?("index")
options["name"] ||= tag_name_with_index(options["index"])
options["id"] ||= tag_id_with_index(options["index"])
options.delete("index")
elsif defined?(@auto_index)
options["name"] ||= tag_name_with_index(@auto_index)
options["id"] ||= tag_id_with_index(@auto_index)
else
options["name"] ||= tag_name + (options.has_key?('multiple') ? '[]' : '')
options["id"] ||= tag_id
end
end
def tag_name
"#{@object_name}[#{sanitized_method_name}]"
end
def tag_name_with_index(index)
"#{@object_name}[#{index}][#{sanitized_method_name}]"
end
def tag_id
"#{sanitized_object_name}_#{sanitized_method_name}"
end
def tag_id_with_index(index)
"#{sanitized_object_name}_#{index}_#{sanitized_method_name}"
end
def sanitized_object_name
@sanitized_object_name ||= @object_name.gsub(/[^-a-zA-Z0-9:.]/, "_").sub(/_$/, "")
end
def sanitized_method_name
@sanitized_method_name ||= @method_name.sub(/\?$/,"")
end
end
class FormBuilder #:nodoc:
# The methods which wrap a form helper call.
class_inheritable_accessor :field_helpers
self.field_helpers = (FormHelper.instance_methods - ['form_for'])
attr_accessor :object_name, :object, :options
def initialize(object_name, object, template, options, proc)
@object_name, @object, @template, @options, @proc = object_name, object, template, options, proc
@default_options = @options ? @options.slice(:index) : {}
end
(field_helpers - %w(label check_box radio_button fields_for)).each do |selector|
src = <<-end_src
def #{selector}(method, options = {})
@template.send(#{selector.inspect}, @object_name, method, objectify_options(options))
end
end_src
class_eval src, __FILE__, __LINE__
end
def fields_for(record_or_name_or_array, *args, &block)
case record_or_name_or_array
when String, Symbol
name = "#{object_name}[#{record_or_name_or_array}]"
when Array
object = record_or_name_or_array.last
name = "#{object_name}[#{ActionController::RecordIdentifier.singular_class_name(object)}]"
args.unshift(object)
else
object = record_or_name_or_array
name = "#{object_name}[#{ActionController::RecordIdentifier.singular_class_name(object)}]"
args.unshift(object)
end
@template.fields_for(name, *args, &block)
end
def label(method, text = nil, options = {})
@template.label(@object_name, method, text, objectify_options(options))
end
def check_box(method, options = {}, checked_value = "1", unchecked_value = "0")
@template.check_box(@object_name, method, objectify_options(options), checked_value, unchecked_value)
end
def radio_button(method, tag_value, options = {})
@template.radio_button(@object_name, method, tag_value, objectify_options(options))
end
def error_message_on(method, prepend_text = "", append_text = "", css_class = "formError")
@template.error_message_on(@object, method, prepend_text, append_text, css_class)
end
def error_messages(options = {})
@template.error_messages_for(@object_name, objectify_options(options))
end
def submit(value = "Save changes", options = {})
@template.submit_tag(value, options.reverse_merge(:id => "#{object_name}_submit"))
end
private
def objectify_options(options)
@default_options.merge(options.merge(:object => @object))
end
end
end
class Base
cattr_accessor :default_form_builder
self.default_form_builder = ::ActionView::Helpers::FormBuilder
end
end