//
// thread_pool.hpp
// ~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
//
// Copyright (c) 2003-2020 Christopher M. Kohlhoff (chris at kohlhoff dot com)
//
// Distributed under the Boost Software License, Version 1.0. (See accompanying
// file LICENSE_1_0.txt or copy at http://www.boost.org/LICENSE_1_0.txt)
//

#ifndef ASIO_THREAD_POOL_HPP
#define ASIO_THREAD_POOL_HPP

#if defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1200)
# pragma once
#endif // defined(_MSC_VER) && (_MSC_VER >= 1200)

#include "asio/detail/config.hpp"
#include "asio/detail/noncopyable.hpp"
#include "asio/detail/scheduler.hpp"
#include "asio/detail/thread_group.hpp"
#include "asio/execution_context.hpp"

#include "asio/detail/push_options.hpp"

namespace asio {

/// A simple fixed-size thread pool.
/**
 * The thread pool class is an execution context where functions are permitted
 * to run on one of a fixed number of threads.
 *
 * @par Submitting tasks to the pool
 *
 * To submit functions to the thread_pool, use the @ref asio::dispatch,
 * @ref asio::post or @ref asio::defer free functions.
 *
 * For example:
 *
 * @code void my_task()
 * {
 *   ...
 * }
 *
 * ...
 *
 * // Launch the pool with four threads.
 * asio::thread_pool pool(4);
 *
 * // Submit a function to the pool.
 * asio::post(pool, my_task);
 *
 * // Submit a lambda object to the pool.
 * asio::post(pool,
 *     []()
 *     {
 *       ...
 *     });
 *
 * // Wait for all tasks in the pool to complete.
 * pool.join(); @endcode
 */
class thread_pool
  : public execution_context
{
public:
  class executor_type;

  /// Constructs a pool with an automatically determined number of threads.
  ASIO_DECL thread_pool();

  /// Constructs a pool with a specified number of threads.
  ASIO_DECL thread_pool(std::size_t num_threads);

  /// Destructor.
  /**
   * Automatically stops and joins the pool, if not explicitly done beforehand.
   */
  ASIO_DECL ~thread_pool();

  /// Obtains the executor associated with the pool.
  executor_type get_executor() ASIO_NOEXCEPT;

  /// Stops the threads.
  /**
   * This function stops the threads as soon as possible. As a result of calling
   * @c stop(), pending function objects may be never be invoked.
   */
  ASIO_DECL void stop();

  /// Joins the threads.
  /**
   * This function blocks until the threads in the pool have completed. If @c
   * stop() is not called prior to @c join(), the @c join() call will wait
   * until the pool has no more outstanding work.
   */
  ASIO_DECL void join();

private:
  friend class executor_type;
  struct thread_function;

  // Helper function to create the underlying scheduler.
  ASIO_DECL detail::scheduler& add_scheduler(detail::scheduler* s);

  // The underlying scheduler.
  detail::scheduler& scheduler_;

  // The threads in the pool.
  detail::thread_group threads_;
};

/// Executor used to submit functions to a thread pool.
class thread_pool::executor_type
{
public:
  /// Obtain the underlying execution context.
  thread_pool& context() const ASIO_NOEXCEPT;

  /// Inform the thread pool that it has some outstanding work to do.
  /**
   * This function is used to inform the thread pool that some work has begun.
   * This ensures that the thread pool's join() function will not return while
   * the work is underway.
   */
  void on_work_started() const ASIO_NOEXCEPT;

  /// Inform the thread pool that some work is no longer outstanding.
  /**
   * This function is used to inform the thread pool that some work has
   * finished. Once the count of unfinished work reaches zero, the thread
   * pool's join() function is permitted to exit.
   */
  void on_work_finished() const ASIO_NOEXCEPT;

  /// Request the thread pool to invoke the given function object.
  /**
   * This function is used to ask the thread pool to execute the given function
   * object. If the current thread belongs to the pool, @c dispatch() executes
   * the function before returning. Otherwise, the function will be scheduled
   * to run on the thread pool.
   *
   * @param f The function object to be called. The executor will make
   * a copy of the handler object as required. The function signature of the
   * function object must be: @code void function(); @endcode
   *
   * @param a An allocator that may be used by the executor to allocate the
   * internal storage needed for function invocation.
   */
  template <typename Function, typename Allocator>
  void dispatch(ASIO_MOVE_ARG(Function) f, const Allocator& a) const;

  /// Request the thread pool to invoke the given function object.
  /**
   * This function is used to ask the thread pool to execute the given function
   * object. The function object will never be executed inside @c post().
   * Instead, it will be scheduled to run on the thread pool.
   *
   * @param f The function object to be called. The executor will make
   * a copy of the handler object as required. The function signature of the
   * function object must be: @code void function(); @endcode
   *
   * @param a An allocator that may be used by the executor to allocate the
   * internal storage needed for function invocation.
   */
  template <typename Function, typename Allocator>
  void post(ASIO_MOVE_ARG(Function) f, const Allocator& a) const;

  /// Request the thread pool to invoke the given function object.
  /**
   * This function is used to ask the thread pool to execute the given function
   * object. The function object will never be executed inside @c defer().
   * Instead, it will be scheduled to run on the thread pool.
   *
   * If the current thread belongs to the thread pool, @c defer() will delay
   * scheduling the function object until the current thread returns control to
   * the pool.
   *
   * @param f The function object to be called. The executor will make
   * a copy of the handler object as required. The function signature of the
   * function object must be: @code void function(); @endcode
   *
   * @param a An allocator that may be used by the executor to allocate the
   * internal storage needed for function invocation.
   */
  template <typename Function, typename Allocator>
  void defer(ASIO_MOVE_ARG(Function) f, const Allocator& a) const;

  /// Determine whether the thread pool is running in the current thread.
  /**
   * @return @c true if the current thread belongs to the pool. Otherwise
   * returns @c false.
   */
  bool running_in_this_thread() const ASIO_NOEXCEPT;

  /// Compare two executors for equality.
  /**
   * Two executors are equal if they refer to the same underlying thread pool.
   */
  friend bool operator==(const executor_type& a,
      const executor_type& b) ASIO_NOEXCEPT
  {
    return &a.pool_ == &b.pool_;
  }

  /// Compare two executors for inequality.
  /**
   * Two executors are equal if they refer to the same underlying thread pool.
   */
  friend bool operator!=(const executor_type& a,
      const executor_type& b) ASIO_NOEXCEPT
  {
    return &a.pool_ != &b.pool_;
  }

private:
  friend class thread_pool;

  // Constructor.
  explicit executor_type(thread_pool& p) : pool_(p) {}

  // The underlying thread pool.
  thread_pool& pool_;
};

} // namespace asio

#include "asio/detail/pop_options.hpp"

#include "asio/impl/thread_pool.hpp"
#if defined(ASIO_HEADER_ONLY)
# include "asio/impl/thread_pool.ipp"
#endif // defined(ASIO_HEADER_ONLY)

#endif // ASIO_THREAD_POOL_HPP