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<a href="#SUBCOMMANDS">SUBCOMMANDS</a>
<a href="#CREATE">CREATE</a>
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<ol class='man-decor man-head man head'>
<li class='tl'>knife-environment(1)</li>
<li class='tc'>Chef Manual</li>
<li class='tr'>knife-environment(1)</li>
</ol>
<h2 id="NAME">NAME</h2>
<p class="man-name">
<code>knife-environment</code> - <span class="man-whatis">Define cookbook policies for the environments in your infrastructure</span>
</p>
<h2 id="SYNOPSIS">SYNOPSIS</h2>
<p><strong>knife</strong> <strong>environment</strong> <em>sub-command</em> <em>(options)</em></p>
<h2 id="SUBCOMMANDS">SUBCOMMANDS</h2>
<p>Environment subcommands follow a basic create, read, update, delete
(CRUD) pattern. The following subcommands are available:</p>
<h2 id="CREATE">CREATE</h2>
<p><strong>knife environment create</strong> <em>environment</em> <em>(options)</em></p>
<dl>
<dt><code>-d</code>, <code>--description DESCRIPTION</code></dt><dd>The value of the description field.</dd>
</dl>
<p>Create a new environment object on the Chef Server. The envrionment will
be opened in the text editor for editing prior to creation if the -n
option is not present.</p>
<h2 id="DELETE">DELETE</h2>
<p><strong>knife environment delete</strong> <em>environment</em> <em>(options)</em></p>
<p>Destroy an environment on the Chef Server. A prompt for confirmation
will be displayed if the -y options is not given.</p>
<h2 id="EDIT">EDIT</h2>
<p><strong>knife environment edit</strong> <em>environment</em> <em>(options)</em></p>
<p>Fetch <em>environment</em> and display it in the text editor for editing. The
environment will be saved to the Chef Server when the editing session
exits.</p>
<h2 id="FROM-FILE">FROM FILE</h2>
<p><strong>knife environment from file</strong> <em>file</em> <em>(options)</em></p>
<p>Create or update an environment from the JSON or Ruby format <em>file</em>. See
<strong>format</strong> for the proper format of this file.</p>
<h2 id="LIST">LIST</h2>
<p><strong>knife environment list</strong> <em>(options)</em>
* <code>-w</code>, <code>--with-uri</code>:</p>
<pre><code>Show the resource URI for each environment
</code></pre>
<h2 id="SHOW">SHOW</h2>
<p><strong>knife environment show</strong> <em>environment</em> <em>(options)</em></p>
<h2 id="DESCRIPTION">DESCRIPTION</h2>
<p>Environments provide a means to apply policies to hosts in your
infrastructure based on business function. For example, you may have a
separate copy of your infrastructure called "dev" that runs the latest
version of your application and should use the newest versions of your
cookbooks when configuring systems, and a production instance of your
infrastructure where you wish to update code and cookbooks in a more
controlled fashion. In Chef, this function is implemented with
<em>environments</em>.</p>
<p>Environments contain two major components: a set of cookbook version
constraints and environment attributes.</p>
<h2 id="SYNTAX">SYNTAX</h2>
<p>A cookbook version constraint is comprised of a <em>cookbook name</em> and a
<em>version constraint</em>. The <em>cookbook name</em> is the name of a cookbook in
your system, and the <em>version constraint</em> is a String describing the
version(s) of that cookbook allowed in the environment. Only one
<em>version constraint</em> is supported for a given <em>cookbook name</em>.</p>
<p>The exact syntax used to define a cookbook version constraint varies
depending on whether you use the JSON format or the Ruby format. In the
JSON format, the cookbook version constraints for an environment are
represented as a single JSON object, like this:</p>
<pre><code>{"apache2": ">= 1.5.0"}
</code></pre>
<p>In the Ruby format, the cookbook version contraints for an environment
are represented as a Ruby Hash, like this:</p>
<pre><code>{"apache2" => ">= 1.5.0"}
</code></pre>
<p>A <em>version number</em> is a String comprised of two or three digits
separated by a dot (.) character, or in other words, strings of the form
"major.minor" or "major.minor.patch". "1.2" and "1.2.3" are examples of
valid version numbers. Version numbers containing more than three digits
or alphabetic characters are not supported.</p>
<p>A <em>version constraint</em> String is composed of an <em>operator</em> and a
<em>version number</em>. The following operators are available:</p>
<dl>
<dt><code>= VERSION</code></dt><dd>Equality. Only the exact version specified may be used.</dd>
<dt><code>> VERSION</code></dt><dd>Greater than. Only versions greater than <code>VERSION</code> may be used.</dd>
<dt><code>>= VERSION</code></dt><dd>Greater than or equal to. Only versions equal to VERSION or greater
may be used.</dd>
<dt><code>< VERSION</code></dt><dd>Less than. Only versions less than VERSION may be used.</dd>
<dt><code><= VERSION</code></dt><dd>Less than or equal to. Only versions lesser or equal to VERSION may
be used.</dd>
<dt><code>~> VERSION</code></dt><dd>Pessimistic greater than. Depending on the number of components in
the given VERSION, the constraint will be optimistic about future
minor or patch revisions only. For example, <code>~> 1.1</code> will match any
version less than <code>2.0</code> and greater than or equal to <code>1.1.0</code>,
whereas <code>~> 2.0.5</code> will match any version less than <code>2.1.0</code> and
greater than or equal to <code>2.0.5</code>.</dd>
</dl>
<h2 id="FORMAT">FORMAT</h2>
<p>The JSON format of an envioronment is as follows:</p>
<pre><code>{
"name": "dev",
"description": "The development environment",
"cookbook_versions": {
"couchdb": "= 11.0.0"
},
"json_class": "Chef::Environment",
"chef_type": "environment",
"default_attributes": {
"apache2": { "listen_ports": [ "80", "443" ] }
},
"override_attributes": {
"aws_s3_bucket": "production"
}
}
</code></pre>
<p>The Ruby format of an environment is as follows:</p>
<pre><code>name "dev"
description "The development environment"
cookbook_versions "couchdb" => "= 11.0.0"
default_attributes "apache2" => { "listen_ports" => [ "80", "443" ] }
override_attributes "aws_s3_bucket" => "production"
</code></pre>
<h2 id="SEE-ALSO">SEE ALSO</h2>
<p> <strong><span class="man-ref">knife-node<span class="s">(1)</span></span></strong> <strong><span class="man-ref">knife-cookbook<span class="s">(1)</span></span></strong> <strong><span class="man-ref">knife-role<span class="s">(1)</span></span></strong>
<a href="http://wiki.opscode.com/display/chef/Environments" data-bare-link="true">http://wiki.opscode.com/display/chef/Environments</a>
<a href="http://wiki.opscode.com/display/chef/Version+Constraints" data-bare-link="true">http://wiki.opscode.com/display/chef/Version+Constraints</a></p>
<h2 id="AUTHOR">AUTHOR</h2>
<p> Chef was written by Adam Jacob <a href="mailto:adam@opscode.com" data-bare-link="true">adam@opscode.com</a> with many contributions from the community.</p>
<h2 id="DOCUMENTATION">DOCUMENTATION</h2>
<p> This manual page was written by Daniel DeLeo <a href="mailto:dan@opscode.com" data-bare-link="true">dan@opscode.com</a>.
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and / or modify this document under the terms of the Apache 2.0 License.</p>
<h2 id="CHEF">CHEF</h2>
<p> Knife is distributed with Chef. <a href="http://wiki.opscode.com/display/chef/Home" data-bare-link="true">http://wiki.opscode.com/display/chef/Home</a></p>
<ol class='man-decor man-foot man foot'>
<li class='tl'>Chef 10.12.0</li>
<li class='tc'>June 2012</li>
<li class='tr'>knife-environment(1)</li>
</ol>
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